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Dias LKS, Sanhueza-Sanzana C, Pinheiro FML, Martins AF, Correia FGS, de Aguiar IWO, Ferreira NC, Stolow J, Rutherford G, Teixeira MG, Pires RDJ, de Almeida RLF, Coelho ICB, Frota CC, Kendall C, Kerr LRFS. Use of insect repellent as personal protection among women of childbearing age in an arbovirus endemic area in Northeastern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 27:e240025. [PMID: 38747743 PMCID: PMC11093518 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720240025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with the individual use of insect repellent by women of childbearing age living in area endemic for arboviruses in Fortaleza, Brazil. METHODS This is a cohort study carried out between 2018 and 2019 with women aged between 15 and 39 years in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. A total of 1,173 women users of one of the four selected primary health care units participated in the study. The outcome was divided into: continued use, discontinued use, and nonuse of insect repellent. Crude and adjusted multinominal logistic regression analysis was carried out guided by a hierarchical model, with presentation of the respective odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The independent variables include: socioeconomic and demographic data, environmental and sanitary characteristics, knowledge of the insect repellent, and behavioral and pregnancy-related aspects. RESULTS Only 28% of the participants reported using insect repellent during the two waves of the cohort. Women with higher education (OR=2.55; 95%CI 1.44-4.51); who are employed (OR=1.51; 95%CI 1.12-2.03); who received guidance from healthcare professionals (OR=1.74; 95%CI 1.28-2.36) and the media (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.01-2.02); who intensified precautions against mosquitoes during the epidemic (OR=3.64; 95%CI 2.29-5.78); and who were pregnant between 2016 and 2019 (OR=2.80; 95%CI 1.83-4.30) had increased odds for continued use of insect repellent. CONCLUSION The use of insect repellent among women of childbearing age was associated with a higher level of education, employment, guidance on insect repellent provided by healthcare professionals and the media, behavioral changes to protect against mosquitoes during the Zika virus epidemic, and pregnancy when occurring as of the beginning of the epidemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Karla Sales Dias
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, School of Medicine, Department of Community Health – Fortaleza (CE), Brazil
| | - Carlos Sanhueza-Sanzana
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, School of Medicine, Department of Community Health – Fortaleza (CE), Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Ferreira Martins
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, School of Medicine, Department of Community Health – Fortaleza (CE), Brazil
| | | | | | - Nayane Cavalcante Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, School of Medicine, Department of Community Health – Fortaleza (CE), Brazil
| | - Jeni Stolow
- Tulane University, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Social Behavior and Population Science – New Orleans (LA), USA
| | - George Rutherford
- University of California, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics – San Francisco, California (CA), USA
| | - Maria Gloria Teixeira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Institute of Collective Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Roberto da Justa Pires
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, School of Medicine, Department of Community Health – Fortaleza (CE), Brazil
| | | | - Ivo Castelo Branco Coelho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine – Fortaleza (CE), Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cunha Frota
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine – Fortaleza (CE), Brazil
| | - Carl Kendall
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, School of Medicine, Department of Community Health – Fortaleza (CE), Brazil
- Tulane University, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Social Behavior and Population Science – New Orleans (LA), USA
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Kadawathagedara M, Muckle G, Cordier S, Michineau L, Tressieres B, Mallard A, Kovacic L, Multigner L, Quénel P, Chevrier C. Simultaneous exposure to both Zika virus and household insecticides during pregnancy, and fetal growth and infant developmental behavior outcomes at 18 months, in Guadeloupe. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114256. [PMID: 36096163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) could result in adverse growth, developmental and behavioral outcomes, while insecticides used to control mosquitoes are neurotoxic. OBJECTIVES We aim to study the role played by exposure during pregnancy to both ZIKV and household insecticides in newborn health, development and behavior at age of 18 months. METHODS Maternal and cord blood samples from a cohort of pregnant women (created during Guadeloupe's Zika epidemic of 2016) were used to identify ZIKV infection during pregnancy. A self-administered questionnaire at birth documented prenatal household use of insecticides. Birth weight and head circumference were collected from maternity records (n = 708). Infant development and behaviors were documented at 18 months of age through the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (n = 409). Logistic and linear regression models were performed, taking into account confounding factors. RESULTS Use of household insecticides was associated with smaller head circumference and lower birth weight among newborns from mothers not exposed to ZIKV: 0.3 cm (95% CI: 0.6, 0) and -82 g (95% CI: 165, 0), respectively. Similar decreases were observed with ZIKV exposure among mothers not reporting household insecticides use, and with presence of both exposures. The combined presence of ZIKV exposure and insecticide use was associated with lower ASQ fine motor scores (-3.9; 95% CI: 7.3, -0.4), and higher hyperactivity scores (0.8; 95% CI: 0.0, 1.5), compared to no exposure to either. A higher opposition score was observed in association with ZIKV exposure among non-users of insecticide (0.6; 95% CI: 0.0, 1.2). CONCLUSION Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age were observed with prenatal ZIKV exposure, and with higher magnitude when mothers reported use of household insecticides. At birth, rates of adverse fetal growth were however similar for the combined presence of exposure and either of the exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kadawathagedara
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France.
| | - G Muckle
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, et Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - S Cordier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
| | - L Michineau
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
| | - B Tressieres
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm, CIC 1424, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - A Mallard
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm, CIC 1424, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - L Kovacic
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm, CIC 1424, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - L Multigner
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
| | - P Quénel
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
| | - C Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, IRSET UMR_S 1085, F-3500, Rennes, France
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Maia PCR, La Corte R, Pires LB, Banfield L, Logan JG, Lima-Camara TN. Increased Repellent Effect of DEET on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Field Population. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1368-1375. [PMID: 35686335 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides and repellents are routinely used in Brazil because of the high rates of arbovirus transmission and the nuisance caused by mosquitoes. However, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of repellents against mosquito populations that have been under exposure to xenobiotics, mainly insecticides and repellents. This study investigated the sensitivity of a field population of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from a dengue-endemic area under high insecticide pressure to N,N-diethylmethylbenzamide (DEET), the active ingredient in common repellent products. The field (Laranjeiras, Sergipe, Brazil) and laboratory (Rockefeller) populations were characterized for the presence of the Val1016Ile kdr mutation, associated with pyrethroid resistance, and locomotor activity. Repellency bioassays were performed to assess the response of the mosquitoes to human odor by exposing them to 10% DEET applied to the skin in ethanol. Samples from the field population showed higher frequency of the kdr mutation, 21.9% homozygous and 21.9% heterozygous, greater locomotor activity and greater sensitivity to DEET than the laboratory population. These results suggest increased sensitivity to DEET in field populations and a possible interaction between insecticide exposure and sensitivity to DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana Conceição Romão Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo-SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Roseli La Corte
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Av. Mal Rondon s/n São Cristóvão-SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Liandra Brasil Pires
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Av. Mal Rondon s/n São Cristóvão-SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lydia Banfield
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - James G Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Tamara Nunes Lima-Camara
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo-SP, 01246-904, Brazil
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Angina J, Bachhu A, Talati E, Talati R, Rychtář J, Taylor D. Game-Theoretical Model of the Voluntary Use of Insect Repellents to Prevent Zika Fever. DYNAMIC GAMES AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 12:133-146. [PMID: 35127230 PMCID: PMC8800840 DOI: 10.1007/s13235-021-00418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Zika fever is an emerging mosquito-borne disease. While it often causes no or only mild symptoms that are similar to dengue fever, Zika virus can spread from a pregnant woman to her baby and cause severe birth defects. There is no specific treatment or vaccine, but the disease can be mitigated by using several control strategies, generally focusing on the reduction in mosquitoes or mosquito bites. In this paper, we model Zika virus transmission and incorporate a game-theoretical approach to study a repeated population game of DEET usage to prevent insect bites. We show that the optimal use effectively leads to disease elimination. This result is robust and not significantly dependent on the cost of the insect repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabili Angina
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012 USA
| | - Anish Bachhu
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012 USA
| | - Eesha Talati
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012 USA
| | - Rishi Talati
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012 USA
| | - Jan Rychtář
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2014 USA
| | - Dewey Taylor
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2014 USA
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Clancy IL, Jones RT, Power GM, Logan JG, Iriart JAB, Massad E, Kinsman J. Public health messages on arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti in Brazil. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1362. [PMID: 34243740 PMCID: PMC8272386 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil in 2015 followed the arrival of chikungunya in 2014 and a long history of dengue circulation. Vital to the response to these outbreaks of mosquito-borne pathogens has been the dissemination of public health messages, including those promoted through risk communication posters. This study explores the content of a sample of posters circulated in Brazil towards the end of the Zika epidemic in 2017 and analyses their potential effectiveness in inducing behaviour change. METHODS A content analysis was performed on 37 posters produced in Brazil to address outbreaks of mosquito-borne pathogens. The six variables of the Health Belief Model were used to assess the potential effectiveness of the posters to induce behaviour change. RESULTS Three overarching key messages emerged from the posters. These included (i) the arboviruses and their outcomes, (ii) a battle against the mosquito, and (iii) a responsibility to protect and prevent. Among the six variables utilised through the Health Belief Model, cues to action were most commonly featured, whilst the perceived benefits of engaging in behaviours to prevent arbovirus transmission were the least commonly featured. CONCLUSIONS The posters largely focused on mosquito-borne transmission and the need to eliminate breeding sites, and neglected the risk of the sexual and congenital transmission of Zika and the importance of alternative preventive actions. This, we argue, may have limited the potential effectiveness of these posters to induce behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- India L Clancy
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert T Jones
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Grace M Power
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - James G Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | - Eduardo Massad
- School of Applied Mathematics, Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Rua Praia de Botafogo 190, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22250-900, Brazil
| | - John Kinsman
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Mapossa AB, Focke WW, Tewo RK, Androsch R, Kruger T. Mosquito-repellent controlled-release formulations for fighting infectious diseases. Malar J 2021; 20:165. [PMID: 33761967 PMCID: PMC7988998 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a principal cause of illness and death in countries where the disease is endemic. Personal protection against mosquitoes using repellents could be a useful method that can reduce and/or prevent transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. The available repellent products, such as creams, roll-ons, and sprays for personal protection against mosquitoes, lack adequate long-term efficacy. In most cases, they need to be re-applied or replaced frequently. The encapsulation and release of the repellents from several matrices has risen as an alternative process for the development of invention of repellent based systems. The present work reviews various studies about the development and use of repellent controlled-release formulations such as polymer microcapsules, polymer microporous formulations, polymer micelles, nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and cyclodextrins as new tools for mosquito-borne malaria control in the outdoor environment. Furthermore, investigation on the mathematical modelling used for the release rate of repellents is discussed in depth by exploring the Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull models, as well as the recently developed Mapossa model. Therefore, the studies searched suggest that the final repellents based-product should not only be effective against mosquito vectors of malaria parasites, but also reduce the biting frequency of other mosquitoes transmitting diseases, such as dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus. In this way, they will contribute to the improvement in overall public health and social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- António B Mapossa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Materials , University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa.
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Walter W Focke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Materials , University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert K Tewo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, 1911, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Taneshka Kruger
- UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control & MRC Collaborating Centre for Malaria Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
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Pires LC, Dantas LR, Witkin SS, Bertozzi APAP, Dezena RDCAB, Rodrigues MMD, Gazeta RE, Passos SD. Knowledge of Zika Virus Transmission and Its Prevention among High-Risk Pregnant Women in Brazil. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020242. [PMID: 33557048 PMCID: PMC7913803 DOI: 10.3390/v13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection highlight the urgent need to evaluate the efficacy of current public health measures to educate susceptible groups about how to prevent infection, modes of viral transmission, and consequences of infection. We performed a cross-sectional study in the city of Jundiaí, São-Paulo, from March 2016 to August 2017. In 315 high-risk pregnant women we evaluated the rate of ZIKV infection, knowledge of pathways of ZIKV transmission, and the use of protective measures. Data were analyzed and correlated with sociodemographic variables. The rate of ZIKV infection was 10.8%. ZIKV transmission by mosquitoes was the best-known means of virus acquisition, while transmission of ZIKV by sexual intercourse as well as mother–fetus transmission was known by less than half of the women. The use of insect repellent, reported by 53% of participants, was correlated with higher education and personal directives from health professionals. Condom use was reported by 19.5% of subjects. Improved strategies to increase awareness of ZIKV infection and its consequences, designed to appeal to specific, targeted populations, are clearly necessary to more accurately prevent the spread of this infection and diminish adverse consequences in the pregnant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Pires
- Faculty of Medicine, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-119-8785-0707
| | - Luiza R. Dantas
- Faculty of Medicine, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, Brazil;
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A. P. Bertozzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13207-450, Brazil; (A.P.A.P.B.); (R.d.C.A.B.D.); (M.M.D.R.); (R.E.G.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Rita de Cássia A. B. Dezena
- Department of Pediatrics, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13207-450, Brazil; (A.P.A.P.B.); (R.d.C.A.B.D.); (M.M.D.R.); (R.E.G.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Maria M. D. Rodrigues
- Department of Pediatrics, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13207-450, Brazil; (A.P.A.P.B.); (R.d.C.A.B.D.); (M.M.D.R.); (R.E.G.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Rosa Estela Gazeta
- Department of Pediatrics, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13207-450, Brazil; (A.P.A.P.B.); (R.d.C.A.B.D.); (M.M.D.R.); (R.E.G.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Saulo D. Passos
- Department of Pediatrics, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13207-450, Brazil; (A.P.A.P.B.); (R.d.C.A.B.D.); (M.M.D.R.); (R.E.G.); (S.D.P.)
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Jundiaí School of Medicine, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, Brazil
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