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Trejo-Solís C, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Serrano-García N, Silva-Adaya D, Vargas-Cruz S, Chávez-Cortéz EG, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Zavala-Vega S, Cruz-Salgado A, Magaña-Maldonado R. Metabolic Roles of HIF1, c-Myc, and p53 in Glioma Cells. Metabolites 2024; 14:249. [PMID: 38786726 PMCID: PMC11122955 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming that promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma is induced by dynamic alterations in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, as well as in transcriptional and signaling networks, which result in changes in global genetic expression. The signaling pathways PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK stimulate cell metabolism, either directly or indirectly, by modulating the transcriptional factors p53, HIF1, and c-Myc. The overexpression of HIF1 and c-Myc, master regulators of cellular metabolism, is a key contributor to the synthesis of bioenergetic molecules that mediate glioma cell transformation, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion by modifying the transcription levels of key gene groups involved in metabolism. Meanwhile, the tumor-suppressing protein p53, which negatively regulates HIF1 and c-Myc, is often lost in glioblastoma. Alterations in this triad of transcriptional factors induce a metabolic shift in glioma cells that allows them to adapt and survive changes such as mutations, hypoxia, acidosis, the presence of reactive oxygen species, and nutrient deprivation, by modulating the activity and expression of signaling molecules, enzymes, metabolites, transporters, and regulators involved in glycolysis and glutamine metabolism, the pentose phosphate cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids and nucleic acids. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of HIF1, c-Myc, and p53 in the genic regulatory network for metabolism in glioma cells, as well as potential therapeutic inhibitors of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solís
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | | | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), Ciudad de Mexico 14330, Mexico
| | - Salvador Vargas-Cruz
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Camino a Sta. Teresa, Ciudad de Mexico 10700, Mexico;
| | | | - Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
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Zhao K, Calero-Pérez P, Bopp MHA, Möschl V, Pagenstecher A, Mulero-Acevedo M, Vázquez M, Barcia C, Arús C, Nimsky C, Rusch T, Bartsch JW, Candiota AP. Correlation of MR-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Profiling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Temozolomide-Treated Orthotopic GL261 Glioblastoma in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17628. [PMID: 38139457 PMCID: PMC10743933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma (GB) is considered to be "cold", i.e., the fraction of cytotoxic T cells, for instance, is low. Instead, macrophages are the major immune cell population in GB, which stem either from tissue response (resident microglia) or recruitment of macrophages from the periphery, thereby undergoing tumor-dependent "imprinting" mechanisms by which macrophages can adapt a tumor-supportive phenotype. In this regard, it is important to describe the nature of macrophages associated with GB, in particular under therapy conditions using the gold standard chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ). Here, we explored the suitability of combining information from in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) approaches (metabolomics) with in vitro molecular analyses to assess therapy response and characterize macrophage populations in mouse GB using an isogenic GL261 model. For macrophage profiling, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) were determined, since their gene products affect macrophage-tumor cell communication by extensive cleavage of immunomodulatory membrane proteins, such as PD-L1. In tumor mice with an overall therapy response, expression of genes encoding the proteases ADAM8, ADAM10, and ADAM17 was increased and might contribute to the immunosuppressive phenotype of GB and immune cells. In tumors responding to therapy, expression levels of ADAM8 were upregulated by TMZ, and higher levels of PD-L1 were correlated significantly. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ADAM8 in GL261 cells, we demonstrated that soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) is only generated in the presence of ADAM8. Moreover, primary macrophages from WT and ADAM8-deficient mice showed ADAM8-dependent release of sPD-L1, independent of the macrophage polarization state. Since ADAM8 expression is induced in responding tumors and PD-L1 shedding is likely to decrease the anti-tumor activities of T-cells, we conclude that immunotherapy resistance is caused, at least in part, by the increased presence of proteases, such as ADAM8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.A.B.); (C.N.)
| | - Pilar Calero-Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (M.M.-A.); (M.V.); (C.B.); (C.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miriam H. A. Bopp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.A.B.); (C.N.)
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Vincent Möschl
- Department of Neuropathology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
- Department of Neuropathology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
- Department of Neuropathology, Core Facility Mouse Pathology and Electron Microscopy, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marta Mulero-Acevedo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (M.M.-A.); (M.V.); (C.B.); (C.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mario Vázquez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (M.M.-A.); (M.V.); (C.B.); (C.A.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos Barcia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (M.M.-A.); (M.V.); (C.B.); (C.A.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (M.M.-A.); (M.V.); (C.B.); (C.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.A.B.); (C.N.)
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Tillmann Rusch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Jörg W. Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.A.B.); (C.N.)
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (P.C.-P.); (M.M.-A.); (M.V.); (C.B.); (C.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Suzuki T, Takei J, Fukasawa N, Suzuki K, Ogawa D, Yamamoto Y, Akasaki Y, Murayama Y, Shimoda M, Miyake K, Tanaka T. 18F-Fluoromisonidazole-Positron Emission Tomography and Immunohistochemistry Verified Tumor Oxygenation, Stemness, and Immunosupportive Microenvironment After Preoperative Neoadjuvant Bevacizumab for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma. World Neurosurg 2023; 175:e1364-e1374. [PMID: 37187346 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stemness and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in accordance with tumor oxygenation are variable during bevacizumab (Bev) therapy for glioblastoma (GBM). Positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) reflects hypoxic TME. The aim of this study was to compare FMISO-PET and immunohistochemical findings of tumor oxygenation in the TME of GBM during Bev treatment. METHODS Seven patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype GBM underwent FMISO-PET during follow-up. Three patients received preoperative neoadjuvant Bev (neo-Bev) and subsequently underwent surgical resection. Reoperation was performed at the recurrence. FMISO-PET was performed before and after neo-Bev. Four patients who underwent tumor resection without neo-Bev were included as the control group. Expressions of hypoxic markers (carbonic anhydrase; CA9), stem cell markers (nestin, FOXM1), and immunoregulatory molecules (CD163, FOXP3, PD-L1) in tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS All 3 patients treated with neo-Bev showed decrease in FMISO accumulation in accordance with expressions of CA9 and FOXM1 compared with the control group. Two of these 3 patients at the recurrence showed increase in FMISO accumulation. IHC showed increased CA9-and FOXM1-positive cells in recurrent tumors. Expression of PD-L1 tended to be lower after neo-Bev compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS FMISO-PET effectively visualized TME oxygenation after neo-Bev. Increased FMISO accumulation at the time of recurrence, even under Bev treatment, suggests that FMISO-PET might be useful for monitoring the duration of Bev efficacy by reflecting tumor oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Takei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Katsushika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nei Fukasawa
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagawa Graduate University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagawa Graduate University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Akasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagawa Graduate University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihide Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tabu K, Taga T. Cancer ego-system in glioma: an iron-replenishing niche network systemically self-organized by cancer stem cells. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:54. [PMID: 36451253 PMCID: PMC9710158 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For all living organisms, the adaptation to outside environments is an essential determinant to survive natural and artificial selections and to sustain the whole ecosystem intact with functional biodiversity. Likewise, cancer cells have similar characteristics that evade not only stresses from the host-internal innate and adaptive immune systems but also those from host-externally administered therapeutic interventions. Such selfish characteristics of cancer cells lead to the formation of cancerous ecosystem with a wide variety of phenotypic heterogeneity, which should be called cancer "egosystem" from the host point of view. Recently increasing evidence demonstrates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for this cancer egosystem by effectively exploiting host inflammatory and hematopoietic cells and thereby reconstructing their own advantageous niches, which may well be a driving force in cancer recurrence. CSCs are further likely to render multiple niches mutually interconnected and cooperating as a network to support back CSCs themselves. Here, we summarize a recently identified iron-replenishing niche network self-organized by glioma CSCs (GSCs) through remote regulation of host myeloid and erythroid lineage cells. GSCs recruit bone marrow (BM)-derived inflammatory monocytes into tumor parenchyma, facilitate their differentiation into macrophages (Mφs) and skew their polarization into pro-tumoral phenotype, i.e., tumor-associated Mφs (TAMs). Meanwhile, GSCs distantly enhance erythropoiesis in host hematopoietic organs like BM and spleen potentially by secreting some soluble mediators that maintain continuous supply of erythrocytes within tumors. In addition, as normal red pulp Mφs (RPMs) under steady state conditions in spleen recycle iron by phagocytosing the aged or damaged erythrocytes (a/dECs) and release it in time of need, TAMs at least in gliomas phagocytose the hemorrhaged erythrocytes within tumors and potentially serve as a source of iron, an important nutrient indispensable to GSC survival and glioma progression. Taken together, these studies provide the substantial evidence that CSCs have a unique strategy to orchestrate multiple niches as an ecosystem that threatens the host living, which in this sense must be an egosystem. Targeting such an adaptive subpopulation of CSCs could achieve drastic disturbance of the CSC niches and subsequent extinction of malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tabu
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
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Tian Y, Liu H, Zhang C, Liu W, Wu T, Yang X, Zhao J, Sun Y. Comprehensive Analyses of Ferroptosis-Related Alterations and Their Prognostic Significance in Glioblastoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:904098. [PMID: 35720126 PMCID: PMC9204216 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.904098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was designed to explore the implications of ferroptosis-related alterations in glioblastoma patients.Method: After obtaining the data sets CGGA325, CGGA623, TCGA-GBM, and GSE83300 online, extensive analysis and mutual verification were performed using R language-based analytic technology, followed by further immunohistochemistry staining verification utilizing clinical pathological tissues.Results: The analysis revealed a substantial difference in the expression of ferroptosis-related genes between malignant and paracancerous samples, which was compatible with immunohistochemistry staining results from clinicopathological samples. Three distinct clustering studies were run sequentially on these data. All of the findings were consistent and had a high prediction value for glioblastoma. Then, the risk score predicting model containing 23 genes (CP, EMP1, AKR1C1, FMOD, MYBPH, IFI30, SRPX2, PDLIM1, MMP19, SPOCD1, FCGBP, NAMPT, SLC11A1, S100A10, TNC, CSMD3, ATP1A2, CUX2, GALNT9, TNFAIP6, C15orf48, WSCD2, and CBLN1) on the basis of “Ferroptosis.gene.cluster” was constructed. In the subsequent correlation analysis of clinical characteristics, tumor mutation burden, HRD, neoantigen burden and chromosomal instability, mRNAsi, TIDE, and GDSC, all the results indicated that the risk score model might have a better predictive efficiency.Conclusion: In glioblastoma, there were a large number of abnormal ferroptosis-related alterations, which were significant for the prognosis of patients. The risk score-predicting model integrating 23 genes would have a higher predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Somatic Radiotherapy Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Tian, ; Yuping Sun,
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Caiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Somatic Radiotherapy Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Somatic Radiotherapy Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Intervention, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Zhao
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Tian, ; Yuping Sun,
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6
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Aimaitijiang A, Tabu K, Wang W, Nobuhisa I, Taga T. Glioma cells remotely promote erythropoiesis as a self-expanding strategy of cancer stem cells. Genes Cells 2021; 27:25-42. [PMID: 34837452 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a promising target for cancer eradication due to their responsibility for therapy-resistance and cancer recurrence. Previously, we have demonstrated that glioma stem cells (GSCs) recruit and induce the differentiation of bone marrow (BM) monocytes into tumor-infiltrating macrophages, which phagocytose hemorrhaged erythrocytes and store GSC-beneficial iron in mouse xenografts, suggesting a self-expanding strategy of GSCs that exploits host hematopoiesis of myeloid cells. However, it remains unclear whether a self-advantageous effect of GSCs also occurs on erythroid cells during glioma development. Here, we found that, in the primary cultures of mouse fetal liver proerythroblasts (proEs), conditioned media prepared from glioma cells including patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells significantly facilitated the differentiation of proEs into erythroblasts. Importantly, in-vivo erythroid analysis in intracranially GSC-transplanted mice showed an enhanced erythropoiesis in the BM. In addition, the sphere forming ability of patient-derived GBM cells was significantly suppressed by hypoxia treatment and iron chelation, suggesting higher demands of GSCs for oxygen and iron, which may be supplied by GSCs- and their progeny-induced erythrocyte production. Our findings provide a new insight into survival and expanding strategies of GSCs that systemically exploit host erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alapati Aimaitijiang
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tabu
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Domènech M, Hernández A, Plaja A, Martínez-Balibrea E, Balañà C. Hypoxia: The Cornerstone of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12608. [PMID: 34830491 PMCID: PMC8620858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor in adults and is characterized by the presence of hypervascularization and necrosis, both caused by a hypoxic microenvironment. In this review, we highlight that hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF-1), the main factor activated by hypoxia, is an important driver of tumor progression in GB patients. HIF-1α is a transcription factor regulated by the presence or absence of O2. The expression of HIF-1 has been related to high-grade gliomas and aggressive tumor behavior. HIF-1 promotes tumor progression via the activation of angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and metabolic reprogramming, promoting cell invasion and survival. Moreover, in GB, HIF-1 is not solely modulated by oxygen but also by oncogenic signaling pathways, such as MAPK/ERK, p53, and PI3K/PTEN. Therefore, the inhibition of the hypoxia pathway could represent an important treatment alternative in a disease with very few therapy options. Here, we review the roles of HIF-1 in GB progression and the inhibitors that have been studied thus far, with the aim of shedding light on this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domènech
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.D.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Ainhoa Hernández
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.D.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Plaja
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.D.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Eva Martínez-Balibrea
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Carmen Balañà
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.D.); (A.H.); (A.P.)
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8
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Che P, Yu L, Friedman GK, Wang M, Ke X, Wang H, Zhang W, Nabors B, Ding Q, Han X. Integrin αvβ3 Engagement Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Migration through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051111. [PMID: 33807786 PMCID: PMC7961489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. Integrin αvβ3 is one of the major integrin family members in glioblastoma multiforme cell surface mediating interactions with extracellular matrix proteins that are important for glioblastoma progression. The role of αvβ3 integrin in regulating metabolic reprogramming and its mechanism of action have not been determined in glioblastoma cells. Integrin αvβ3 engagement with osteopontin promotes glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis, while inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Blocking or downregulation of integrin αvβ3 inhibits glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased migration and growth in glioblastoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) blocks metabolic shift toward glycolysis and inhibits glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. These results support that integrin αvβ3 and osteopontin engagement plays an important role in promoting the metabolic shift toward glycolysis and inhibiting mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation in glioblastoma cells. The metabolic shift in cell energy metabolism is coupled to changes in migration, invasion, and growth, which are mediated by downstream FAK and PRMT5 in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Che
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiaoxue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen City 041004, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (X.H.)
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9
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Takkar S, Sharma V, Ghosh S, Suri A, Sarkar C, Kulshreshtha R. Hypoxia-inducible miR-196a modulates glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration through complex regulation of NRAS. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:433-451. [PMID: 33469841 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in humans. Hypoxia has been correlated with the aggressive form of glial tumors, poor prognosis, recurrence and resistance to various therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical mediators of hypoxic responses and have shown great potential for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we focus on the regulatory and functional characterization of miR-196a, a hypoxia-inducible miRNA, in GBM. METHODS Hypoxia/HIF regulation of miR-196a was assessed by RT-qPCR, promoter-luciferase and ChIP assays in GBM cell lines. miR-196a levels were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and Indian GBM patient cohorts. miR-target interactions were studied using RNA/protein quantification and 3'UTR luciferase assays. The effect of miR-196a overexpression/inhibition was assessed on cellular viability, migration and apoptosis under hypoxia and normoxia. Microarray-based gene expression profiling studies were performrd to study the effect of miR-196a on the GBM cellular transcriptome under hypoxia. RESULTS We identified miR-196a as a hypoxia-inducible and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-regulated miRNA that plays an oncogenic role in GBM. miR-196a was found to be significantly up-regulated in TCGA-GBM, CGGA glioma as well as Indian GBM patient cohorts. miR-196a overexpression was found to induce cellular proliferation, migration, spheroid formation and colony formation and to inhibit apoptosis, while miR-196a inhibition using anti-miR-196a yielded opposite results, suggesting an oncogenic role of miR-196a in GBM. We further unveiled NRAS, AJAP1, TAOK1 and COL24A1 as direct targets of miR-196a. We also report a complex competitive regulation of oncogenic NRAS by miR-196a, miR-146a and let-7 in GBM. Analysis of microarray-based gene expression data obtained by miR-196a inhibition under hypoxia revealed a role of miR-196a in HIF, calcium adhesion, Wnt and cell adhesion pathways. Interestingly, miR-196a was found to positively regulate the expression of various genes involved in the induction or stabilization of HIFs and in maintenance of hypoxic conditions, thereby suggesting the existence of an indirect miR-196a/HIF positive feedback loop under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our work identifies a novel association between hypoxia/HIF signalling and miR-196a in GBM and suggests its therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Takkar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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10
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Huang BR, Liu YS, Lai SW, Lin HJ, Shen CK, Yang LY, Lu DY. CAIX Regulates GBM Motility and TAM Adhesion and Polarization through EGFR/STAT3 under Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165838. [PMID: 32823915 PMCID: PMC7461579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are acid-base regulatory proteins that modulate a variety of physiological functions. Recent findings have shown that CAIX is particularly upregulated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and is associated with a poor patient outcome and survival rate. An analysis of the GSE4290 dataset of patients with gliomas showed that CAIX was highly expressed in GBM and was negatively associated with prognosis. The expression of CAIX under hypoxic conditions in GBM significantly increased in protein, mRNA, and transcriptional activity. Importantly, CAIX upregulation also regulated GBM motility, monocyte adhesion to GBM, and the polarization of tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages (TAM). Furthermore, the overexpression of CAIX was observed in intracranial GBM cells. Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulated CAIX expression under hypoxic conditions by affecting the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In contrast, the knockdown of CAIX dramatically abrogated the change in GBM motility and monocyte adhesion to GBM under hypoxic conditions. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of CAIX in the GBM microenvironment. Hence, novel therapeutic targets of GBM progression are possibly developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 1615) (L.-Y.Y.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 1615) (L.-Y.Y.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
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11
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12
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Indira Chandran V, Welinder C, Gonçalves de Oliveira K, Cerezo-Magaña M, Månsson AS, Johansson MC, Marko-Varga G, Belting M. Global extracellular vesicle proteomic signature defines U87-MG glioma cell hypoxic status with potential implications for non-invasive diagnostics. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:477-488. [PMID: 31414377 PMCID: PMC6764937 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal of primary malignant brain tumors. Hypoxia constitutes a major determining factor for the poor prognosis of high-grade glioma patients, and is known to contribute to the development of treatment resistance. Therefore, new strategies to comprehensively profile and monitor the hypoxic status of gliomas are of high clinical relevance. Here, we have explored how the proteome of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) at the global level may reflect hypoxic glioma cells. Methods We have employed shotgun proteomics and label free quantification to profile EVs isolated from human high-grade glioma U87-MG cells cultured at normoxia or hypoxia. Parallel reaction monitoring was used to quantify the identified, hypoxia-associated EV proteins. To determine the potential biological significance of hypoxia-associated proteins, the cumulative Z score of identified EV proteins was compared with GBM subtypes from HGCC and TCGA databases. Results In total, 2928 proteins were identified in EVs, out of which 1654 proteins overlapped with the ExoCarta EV-specific database. We found 1034 proteins in EVs that were unique to the hypoxic status of U87-MG cells. We subsequently identified an EV protein signature, “HYPSIGNATURE”, encompassing nine proteins that strongly represented the hypoxic situation and exhibited close proximity to the mesenchymal GBM subtype. Conclusions We propose, for the first time, an EV protein signature that could comprehensively reflect the hypoxic status of high-grade glioma cells. The presented data provide proof-of-concept for targeted proteomic profiling of glioma derived EVs, which should motivate future studies exploring its utility in non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of brain tumor patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11060-019-03262-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineesh Indira Chandran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Myriam Cerezo-Magaña
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Månsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria C Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gyorgy Marko-Varga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiophysics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Yang X, Zhu H, Yang X, Li N, Huang H, Liu T, Guo X, Xu X, Xia L, Deng C, Tian X, Yang Z. Targeting CAIX with [ 64Cu]XYIMSR-06 Small Molecular Radiotracer Enables Noninvasive PET Imaging of Malignant Glioma in U87 MG Tumor Cell Xenograft Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1532-1540. [PMID: 30803240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An effective and noninvasive PET molecular imaging agent targeting CAIX would help its diagnosis and treatment but is not currently available. Recently, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) CAIX targeting agent, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06, was reported to have significantly improved properties for targeting clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We are encouraged to investigate the feasibility of adapting this agent for the diagnosis and treatment of CAIX-overexpressing malignant glioma. In vitro cell uptake and binding affinity assays were used to verify the binding capacity of [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 to U87 MG tumor cells in which CAIX overexpression was confirmed. The U87 MG tumor-bearing mouse (in situ and subcutaneous) model was built, and mice were injected with the radiotracer and/or coinjected with acetazolamide (0.2 g/kg) as a blocking agent for noninvasive micro-PET imaging. Micro-PET imaging was performed at 2, 4, and 8 h postinjection. ROI (region of interest)-based semiquantification was performed in an orthotopic glioma tumor model. Biodistribution throughout each organ was performed at 2, 4, 4 h block, 8, and 24 h postinjection. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry (IF/IHC) staining were implemented postimaging to assess the expression of CAIX in tumor organs. In vitro, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 exhibits greater uptake in glioma cells (high CAIX expression) than in HCT116 cells (low CAIX expression). The binding affinity of [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 to U87 MG cell lines reaches up to 4.22 nM. Both orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors were clearly visualized at 2-8 h postinjection. Biodistribution studies demonstrated a maximum tumor uptake of 3.13% ID/g at 4 h postinjection, and the tumor to brain ratio (T/brain) was 6.51 at 8 h postinjection. The ROI-based T/brain values were 7.03 and 5.46 at 2 and 8 h postinjection, respectively. Histopathological analysis confirmed the overexpression of CAIX in gliomas, and the area of CAIX-positive IF staining is extremely consistent with the morphology on micro-PET imaging. In this study, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 demonstrated specific accumulation in CAIX-expressing U87 MG glioma tumors, indicating that the radiotracer has the potential for noninvasively monitoring and guiding personalized treatment of malignant glioma and other tumors overexpressing CAIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianteng Yang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China.,Department of Orthopaedics , People's Hospital of Guizhou Province , Guiyang , Guizhou 550002 , China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China.,Department of Orthopaedics , People's Hospital of Guizhou Province , Guiyang , Guizhou 550002 , China
| | - Teli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Chaoyong Deng
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou 550004 , China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
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14
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Chen W, Cheng X, Wang X, Wang J, Wen X, Xie C, Liao C. Clinical implications of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and caveolin-1 overexpression in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild type glioblastoma multiforme. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2867-2873. [PMID: 30854062 PMCID: PMC6365898 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumour in adults, and presents a very low survival rate. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 mutations have been found in ~12% of glioblastomas and are associated with long-term GBM survival. However, the risk factors that influence the prognosis of IDH-wild type GBM remain unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, an important oxygen-regulated transcription factor, has been demonstrated to serve a crucial role in tumour development and to be associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a plasma membrane organizing protein, the expression of which can also be regulated by a hypoxic microenvironment. The present study therefore aimed to examine the expression levels of HIF-1α and CAV1, and their association with GBM prognosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to analyse the expression levels of HIF-1α and CAV1 in paired GBM tumour and adjacent non-tumour tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse the expression of the two proteins in paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 42 patients with IDH-wild type GBM. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between HIF-1α and CAV1 expression and patient prognosis. The results revealed hat the expression levels of HIF-1α and CAV1 were upregulated in IDH-wild type GBM tissues compared to their paired non-tumour tissues (P<0.001). The expression of CAV1 was significantly correlated with high HIF-1α expression (P<0.01). In addition, overexpression of HIF-1α and CAV1 was markedly associated with a poor prognosis (P<0.001). In conclusion, HIF-1α and CAV1 may represent potential biomarkers for IDH-wild type GBM prognosis and potential targets for the development of therapies extending GBM survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jinshan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chaofan Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chuangxin Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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15
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Hira VVV, Wormer JR, Kakar H, Breznik B, van der Swaan B, Hulsbos R, Tigchelaar W, Tonar Z, Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, Van Noorden CJF. Periarteriolar Glioblastoma Stem Cell Niches Express Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche Proteins. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:155-173. [PMID: 29297738 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417749174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma, a fraction of malignant cells consists of therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) residing in protective niches that recapitulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in bone marrow. We have previously shown that HSC niche proteins stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), osteopontin (OPN), and cathepsin K (CatK) are expressed in hypoxic GSC niches around arterioles in five human glioblastoma samples. In HSC niches, HSCs are retained by binding of SDF-1α and OPN to their receptors CXCR4 and CD44, respectively. Protease CatK cleaves SDF-1α to release HSCs out of niches. The aim of the present study was to reproduce the immunohistochemical localization of these GSC markers in 16 human glioblastoma samples with the addition of three novel markers. Furthermore, we assessed the type of blood vessels associated with GSC niches. In total, we found seven GSC niches containing CD133-positive and nestin-positive GSCs as a single-cell layer exclusively around the tunica adventitia of 2% of the CD31-positive and SMA-positive arterioles and not around capillaries and venules. Niches expressed SDF-1α, CXCR4, CatK, OPN, CD44, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In conclusion, we show that GSC niches are present around arterioles and express bone marrow HSC niche proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill R Wormer
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hala Kakar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Britt van der Swaan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hulsbos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zbynek Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Monteiro AR, Hill R, Pilkington GJ, Madureira PA. The Role of Hypoxia in Glioblastoma Invasion. Cells 2017; 6:E45. [PMID: 29165393 PMCID: PMC5755503 DOI: 10.3390/cells6040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly type of primary malignant brain tumor, with a patient's median survival rate ranging from 15 to 17 months. The current treatment for GBM involves tumor resection surgery based on MRI image analysis, followed by radiotherapy and treatment with temozolomide. However, the gradual development of tumor resistance to temozolomide is frequent in GBM patients leading to subsequent tumor regrowth/relapse. For this reason, the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for GBM is of critical importance. Low tumor oxygenation, also known as hypoxia, constitutes a major concern for GBM patients, since it promotes cancer cell spreading (invasion) into the healthy brain tissue in order to evade this adverse microenvironment. Tumor invasion not only constitutes a major obstacle to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but it is also the main cause of death in GBM patients. Understanding how hypoxia triggers the GBM cells to become invasive is paramount to developing novel and more effective therapies against this devastating disease. In this review, we will present a comprehensive examination of the available literature focused on investigating how GBM hypoxia triggers an invasive cancer cell phenotype and the role of these invasive proteins in GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Monteiro
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 3.4, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Richard Hill
- Brain Tumour Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Geoffrey J Pilkington
- Brain Tumour Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Patrícia A Madureira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 3.4, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Brain Tumour Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
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17
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Colwell N, Larion M, Giles AJ, Seldomridge AN, Sizdahkhani S, Gilbert MR, Park DM. Hypoxia in the glioblastoma microenvironment: shaping the phenotype of cancer stem-like cells. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:887-896. [PMID: 28339582 PMCID: PMC5570138 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. Cellular heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of the disease and contributes to the difficulty in formulating effective therapies. Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) have been identified as a subpopulation of tumor cells that are thought to be largely responsible for resistance to treatment. Intratumoral hypoxia contributes to maintenance of the GSCs by supporting the critical stem cell traits of multipotency, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. This review highlights the interaction of GSCs with the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, exploring the mechanisms underlying the contribution of GSCs to tumor vessel dynamics, immune modulation, and metabolic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Colwell
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amber J Giles
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashlee N Seldomridge
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saman Sizdahkhani
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deric M Park
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland ; Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
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18
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Said HM, Safari R, Al-Kafaji G, Ernestus RI, Löhr M, Katzer A, Flentje M, Hagemann C. Time- and oxygen-dependent expression and regulation of NDRG1 in human brain cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3625-3634. [PMID: 28498432 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a tumor suppressor with the potential to suppress metastasis, invasion and migration of cancer cells. It is regulated under stress conditions such as starvation or hypoxia. NDRG1 regulation is both induced and controlled by HIF-1α-dependent and -independent pathways under hypoxic conditions. However, there are profound differences in the way NDRG1 expression is regulated by HIF-1α and other transcription factors. Therefore, we aimed to define the time-dependent pattern of NDRG1 mRNA and protein expression in human glioblastoma cell lines in extreme hypoxia and after re-oxygenation as well as under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, we ascribe the regulation of NDRG1 to the transcription factors HIF-1α, SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7 in a time-dependent manner. The human malignant glioma cell lines U87-MG, U373 and GaMG were cultured for 1, 6 and 24 h under hypoxic (0.1% O2) conditions and then they were re-oxygenated. The mRNA expression of NDRG1, HIF-1α SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7 was measured using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Their protein expression was analyzed using western blotting. Our experiments revealed that long-term (24 h), but not short-term hypoxia led to the induction of NDRG1 expression in human glioma cell lines. NDRG1 expression was found to correlate with the protein expression of HIF-1α, SP1, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7. The present study suggests for the first time that SP1 regulates NDRG1 expression in glioma cells under hypoxia in a time-dependent manner along with HIF-1α, CEBPα, YB-1 and Smad7. These molecules, each separately or in combination, may possess the potential to become target molecules for antitumor therapeutic approaches particularly in human brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Muayad Said
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Roghaiyeh Safari
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome (IBG) Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Mario Löhr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Katzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Contribution of the Microenvironmental Niche to Glioblastoma Heterogeneity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28630875 PMCID: PMC5467280 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9634172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cancer of the brain. The dismal prognosis is largely attributed to the heterogeneous nature of the tumor, which in addition to intrinsic molecular and genetic changes is also influenced by the microenvironmental niche in which the glioma cells reside. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) hypothesis suggests that all cancers arise from CSCs that possess the ability to self-renew and initiate tumor formation. CSCs reside in specialized niches where interaction with the microenvironment regulates their stem cell behavior. The reciprocal interaction between glioma stem cells (GSCs) and cells from the microenvironment, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, and other parenchymal cells, may also promote angiogenesis, invasion, proliferation, and stemness of the GSCs and be likely to have an underappreciated role in their responsiveness to therapy. This crosstalk may also promote molecular transition of GSCs. Hence the inherent plasticity of GSCs can be seen as an adaptive response, changing according to the signaling cue from the niche. Given the association of GSCs with tumor recurrence and treatment sensitivity, understanding this bidirectional crosstalk between GSCs and its niche may provide a framework to identify more effective therapeutic targets and improve treatment outcome.
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20
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Notch signaling regulates metabolic heterogeneity in glioblastoma stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64932-64953. [PMID: 29029402 PMCID: PMC5630302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) reside in both hypoxic and vascular microenvironments within tumors. The molecular mechanisms that allow GSCs to occupy such contrasting niches are not understood. We used patient-derived GBM cultures to identify GSC subtypes with differential activation of Notch signaling, which co-exist in tumors but occupy distinct niches and match their metabolism accordingly. Multipotent GSCs with Notch pathway activation reside in perivascular niches, and are unable to entrain anaerobic glycolysis during hypoxia. In contrast, most CD133-expressing GSCs do not depend on canonical Notch signaling, populate tumors regardless of local vascularity and selectively utilize anaerobic glycolysis to expand in hypoxia. Ectopic activation of Notch signaling in CD133-expressing GSCs is sufficient to suppress anaerobic glycolysis and resistance to hypoxia. These findings demonstrate a novel role for Notch signaling in regulating GSC metabolism and suggest intratumoral GSC heterogeneity ensures metabolic adaptations to support tumor growth in diverse tumor microenvironments.
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21
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Alural B, Ayyildiz ZO, Tufekci KU, Genc S, Genc K. Erythropoietin Promotes Glioblastoma via miR-451 Suppression. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017. [PMID: 28629521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an erythropoiesis stimulating growth factor and hormone. EPO has been widely used in the treatment of chronic renal failure, cancer, and chemotherapy-related anemia for three decades. However, many clinical trials showed that EPO treatment may be associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. EPO is able to cross blood-brain barriers, and this may lead to an increased possibility of central nervous system tumors such as glioblastoma. Indeed, EPO promotes glioblastoma growth and invasion in animal studies. Additionally, EPO increases glioblastoma cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistancy in vitro. However, the exact mechanisms of cancer progression induced by EPO treatment are not fully understood. Posttranscriptional gene regulation through microRNAs may contribute to EPO's cellular and biological effects in tumor progression. Here, we aimed to study whether tumor suppressive microRNA, miR-451, counteracts the positive effects of EPO on U87 human glioblastoma cell line. Migration and invasion were evaluated by scratch assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. We found that EPO decreased basal miR-451 expression and increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin chemoresistancy in vitro. miR-451 overexpression by transfection of its mimic significantly reversed these effects. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-451 inhibited expression of its own target genes, such as metalloproteinases-2 and -9, which are stimulated by EPO treatment and involved in carcinogenesis processes, especially invasion. These findings suggest that miR-451 mimic delivery may be useful as adjuvant therapy in addition to chemotherapy and anemia treatment by EPO and should be tested in experimental glioblastoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Alural
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep O Ayyildiz
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal U Tufekci
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kursad Genc
- Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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22
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Bekaert L, Valable S, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Ponte K, Collet S, Constans JM, Levallet G, Bordji K, Petit E, Branger P, Emery E, Manrique A, Barré L, Bernaudin M, Guillamo JS. [18F]-FMISO PET study of hypoxia in gliomas before surgery: correlation with molecular markers of hypoxia and angiogenesis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:1383-1392. [PMID: 28315948 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia in gliomas is associated with tumor resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. However, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of hypoxia remains challenging, and the validation of biological markers is, therefore, of great importance. We investigated the relationship between uptake of the PET hypoxia tracer [18F]-FMISO and other markers of hypoxia and angiogenesis and with patient survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective single center clinical study, 33 glioma patients (grade IV: n = 24, III: n = 3, and II: n = 6) underwent [18F]-FMISO PET and MRI including relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps before surgery. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and hypoxic volume were calculated, defining two groups of patients based on the presence or absence of [18F]-FMISO uptake. After surgery, molecular quantification of CAIX, VEGF, Ang2 (rt-qPCR), and HIF-1α (immunohistochemistry) were performed on tumor specimens. RESULTS [18F]-FMISO PET uptake was closely linked to tumor grade, with high uptake in glioblastomas (GB, grade IV). Expression of biomarkers of hypoxia (CAIX, HIF-1α), and angiogenesis markers (VEGF, Ang2, rCBV) were significantly higher in the [18F]-FMISO uptake group. We found correlations between the degree of hypoxia (hypoxic volume and SUVmax) and expression of HIF-1α, CAIX, VEGF, Ang2, and rCBV (p < 0.01). Patients without [18F]-FMISO uptake had a longer survival time than uptake positive patients (log-rank, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Tumor hypoxia as evaluated by [18F]-FMISO PET is associated with the expression of hypoxia markers on a molecular level and is related to angiogenesis. [18F]-FMISO uptake is a mark of an aggressive tumor, almost always a glioblastoma. Our results underline that [18F]-FMISO PET could be useful to guide glioma treatment, and in particular radiotherapy, since hypoxia is a well-known factor of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Bekaert
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France. .,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France. .,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU de Caen, Caen, France. .,Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuèle Lechapt-Zalcman
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Keven Ponte
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Solène Collet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Constans
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | | | - Karim Bordji
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Edwige Petit
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France
| | | | - Evelyne Emery
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Alain Manrique
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Louisa Barré
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP group, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Guillamo
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France. .,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, 14000, Caen, France. .,Department of Neurology, CHU de Nimes, Place du Professeur Robert Debre, 30029, Nimes cedex 9, France.
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23
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Patil SS, Gokulnath P, Bashir M, Shwetha SD, Jaiswal J, Shastry AH, Arimappamagan A, Santosh V, Kondaiah P. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 regulates β-catenin signaling pathway in glioma cells and contributes to poor patient prognosis. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1487-1497. [PMID: 27044294 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is often associated with aggressiveness of glioblastoma (GBM) and contributes to poor prognosis for GBM patients. In view of the regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP-2 in breast cancer and the crucial role of β-catenin pathway in glioma invasion, proliferation and maintenance of glioma stem cells, the mechanism of regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP-2, and its role in GBM prognosis was studied. METHODS Regulation of the β-catenin pathway was studied by immunocytochemistry, Western blot analysis, luciferase assays, and real-time RT-PCR. The role of IGFBP-2 was studied by subcutaneous tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice using glioma cells engineered to express IGFBP-2 and its domains. GBM patient tumor tissues (n = 112) were analyzed for expression of IGFBP-2 and β-catenin by immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis was performed employing Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS IGFBP-2 knockdown in U251, T98G, and U373 or overexpression in LN229 and U87 cells revealed a role for IGFBP-2 in stabilization of β-catenin and regulation of its nuclear functions involving integrin-mediated inactivation of GSK3β. Similar results were obtained upon overexpression of the C-terminal domain of IGFBP-2 but not the N-terminal domain. Subcutaneous xenograft tumors overexpressing either full-length or the C-terminal domain of IGFBP-2 showed larger volume as compared with controls. Coexpression of high levels of IGFBP-2 and β-catenin was associated with worse prognosis (P = .001) in GBM patients. CONCLUSION IGFBP-2 potentiates GBM tumor growth by the activation of the β-catenin pathway through its C-terminal domain, and their coexpression possibly contributes to worse patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S Patil
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Mohsin Bashir
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Shivayogi D Shwetha
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Janhvi Jaiswal
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Arun H Shastry
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Arivazhagan Arimappamagan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Vani Santosh
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
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Stress Response Leading to Resistance in Glioblastoma-The Need for Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT) Concepts. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8010015. [PMID: 26771644 PMCID: PMC4728462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. In spite of multimodal therapy concepts, consisting of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median survival, merely 15–18 months, is still poor. Mechanisms for resistance of GBM to radio(chemo)therapy are not fully understood yet and due to the genetic heterogeneity within the tumor including radiation-resistant tumor stem cells, there are several factors leading to therapy failure. Recent research revealed that, hypoxia during radiation and miRNAs may adversely affect the therapeutic response to radiotherapy. Further molecular alterations and prognostic markers like the DNA-repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), anti-apoptotic molecular chaperones, and/or the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) have also been identified to play a role in the sensitivity to cytostatic agents. Latest approaches in the field of radiotherapy to use particle irradiation or dose escalation strategies including modern molecular imaging, however, need further evaluation with regard to long-term outcome. In this review we focus on current information about the mechanisms and markers that mediate resistance to radio(chemo)therapy, and discuss the opportunities of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT) concepts to improve treatment options for GBM patients.
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IDH1(R132H) mutation causes a less aggressive phenotype and radiosensitizes human malignant glioma cells independent of the oxygenation status. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:381-7. [PMID: 26328938 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In malignant glioma the presence of the IDH1 mutation (IDH1(R132H)) is associated with better clinical outcome. However, it is unclear whether IDH1 mutation is associated with a less aggressive phenotype or directly linked to increased sensitivity to radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We determined the influence of IDH1(R132H) mutant protein on proliferation and growth in 3D culture, migration, cell survival and radiosensitivity in vitro under normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (<1% O2) in a panel of human malignant glioma cell lines (U-251MG, U-343MG, LN-229) with stable overexpression of wild-type (IDH1(wt)) and mutated IDH1 (IDH1(R132H)). RESULTS Overexpression of IDH1(R132H) in glioma cells resulted in slightly decreased cell proliferation, considerably reduced cell migration and caused differences in growth properties in 3D spheroid cultures. Furthermore, IDH1(R132H)-positive cells consistently demonstrated an increased radiosensitivity in human malignant glioma cells U-251MG (DMF10: 1.52, p<0.01 and 1.42, p<0.01), U-343MG (DMF10: 1.78, p<0.01 and 1.75, p<0.01) and LN-229 (DMF10: 1.41, p<0.05 and 1.68, p<0.01) under normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that IDH1(R132H) mutation causes both a less aggressive biological behavior and direct radiosensitization of human malignant glioma cells. Targeting IDH1 appears to be an attractive approach in combination with radiotherapy.
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Fink JR, Muzi M, Peck M, Krohn KA. Multimodality Brain Tumor Imaging: MR Imaging, PET, and PET/MR Imaging. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1554-61. [PMID: 26294301 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.131516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard MR imaging and CT are routinely used for anatomic diagnosis in brain tumors. Pretherapy planning and posttreatment response assessments rely heavily on gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Advanced MR imaging techniques and PET imaging offer physiologic, metabolic, or functional information about tumor biology that goes beyond the diagnostic yield of standard anatomic imaging. With the advent of combined PET/MR imaging scanners, we are entering an era wherein the relationships among different elements of tumor metabolism can be simultaneously explored through multimodality MR imaging and PET imaging. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical and clinically relevant overview of current anatomic and physiologic imaging of brain tumors as a foundation for further investigations, with a primary focus on MR imaging and PET techniques that have demonstrated utility in the current care of brain tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fink
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark Muzi
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melinda Peck
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth A Krohn
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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27
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prognostic Significance of Osteopontin and Carbonic Anhydrase 9 in Human Brain Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Wohlleben G, Scherzad A, Güttler A, Vordermark D, Kuger S, Flentje M, Polat B. Influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression in head and neck cancer and glioblastoma cell lines. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:167. [PMID: 26259597 PMCID: PMC4554368 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia is a known risk factor for reduced response to radiotherapy. The evaluation of noninvasive methods for the detection of hypoxia is therefore of interest. Osteopontin (OPN) has been discussed as an endogenous hypoxia biomarker. It is overexpressed in many cancers and is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Methods To examine the influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression we used different cell lines (head and neck cancer (Cal27 and FaDu) and glioblastoma multiforme (U251 and U87)). Cells were treated with hypoxia for 24 h and were then irradiated with doses of 2 and 8 Gy. Osteopontin expression was analyzed on mRNA level by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and on protein level by western blot. Cell culture supernatants were evaluated for secreted OPN by ELISA. Results Hypoxia caused an increase in osteopontin protein expression in all cell lines. In Cal27 a corresponding increase in OPN mRNA expression was observed. In contrast the other cell lines showed a reduced mRNA expression under hypoxic conditions. After irradiation OPN mRNA expression raised slightly in FaDu and U87 cells while it was reduced in U251 and stable in Cal27 cells under normoxia. The combined treatment (hypoxia and irradiation) led to a slight increase of OPN mRNA after 2 Gy in U251 (24 h) and in U87 (24 and 48 h) cell lines falling back to base line after 8 Gy. This effect was not seen in Cal27 or in FaDu cells. Secreted OPN was detected only in the two glioblastoma cell lines with reduced protein levels under hypoxic conditions. Again the combined treatment resulted in a minor increase in OPN secretion 48 hours after irradiation with 8 Gy. Conclusion Osteopontin expression is strongly modulated by hypoxia and only to a minor extent by irradiation. Intracellular OPN homeostasis seems to vary considerably between cell lines. This may explain the partly conflicting results concerning response prediction and prognosis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kuger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Buelent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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Agnihotri S, Zadeh G. Metabolic reprogramming in glioblastoma: the influence of cancer metabolism on epigenetics and unanswered questions. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:160-72. [PMID: 26180081 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining hallmark of glioblastoma is altered tumor metabolism. The metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis with reprogramming of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, regardless of oxygen availability, is a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. In addition to the Warburg effect, glioblastoma tumor cells also utilize the tricarboxylic acid cycle/oxidative phosphorylation in a different capacity than normal tissue. Altered metabolic enzymes and their metabolites are oncogenic and not simply a product of tumor proliferation. Here we highlight the advantages of why tumor cells, including glioblastoma cells, require metabolic reprogramming and how tumor metabolism can converge on tumor epigenetics and unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Agnihotri
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Brain Tumor Centre, Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada (S.A., G.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada (G.Z)
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Brain Tumor Centre, Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada (S.A., G.Z.); Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada (G.Z)
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Bache M, Rot S, Keßler J, Güttler A, Wichmann H, Greither T, Wach S, Taubert H, Söling A, Bilkenroth U, Kappler M, Vordermark D. mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in human glioblastoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3155-61. [PMID: 25963717 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in the development of malignancy and tumour progression are well known. However, there are a limited number of studies analysing the impact of mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in the tissues of brain tumours and glioblastoma patients. In this study, tumour tissues from patients with glioblastoma multiforme and tumour adjacent tissues were analysed. We investigated mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and osteopontin (OPN), and stem cell-associated genes survivin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), Nanog and octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our data revealed higher mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced and stem cell-associated genes in tumour tissue than levels in the tumour adjacent tissues in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. A strong positive correlation between the mRNA expression levels of HIF-2α, CA9, VEGF, GLUT-1 and OPN suggests a specific hypoxia-associated profile of mRNA expression in glioblastoma multiforme. Additionally, the results indicate the role of stem-cell-related genes in tumour hypoxia. Kaplan-Maier analysis revealed that high mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced markers showed a trend towards shorter overall survival in glioblastoma patients (P=0.061). Our data suggest that mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-induced genes are important tumour markers in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Swetlana Rot
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Keßler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Henri Wichmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Greither
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Clinic of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ariane Söling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kappler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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31
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Irshad K, Mohapatra SK, Srivastava C, Garg H, Mishra S, Dikshit B, Sarkar C, Gupta D, Chandra PS, Chattopadhyay P, Sinha S, Chosdol K. A combined gene signature of hypoxia and notch pathway in human glioblastoma and its prognostic relevance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118201. [PMID: 25734817 PMCID: PMC4348203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). Its synergism with Notch signaling promotes progression in different cancers. However, Notch signaling exhibits pleiotropic roles and the existing literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of its perturbations under hypoxia in GBM with respect to all components of the pathway. We identified the key molecular cluster(s) characteristic of the Notch pathway response in hypoxic GBM tumors and gliomaspheres. Expression of Notch and hypoxia genes was evaluated in primary human GBM tissues by q-PCR. Clustering and statistical analyses were applied to identify the combination of hypoxia markers correlated with upregulated Notch pathway components. We found well-segregated tumor—clusters representing high and low HIF-1α/PGK1-expressors which accounted for differential expression of Notch signaling genes. In combination, a five-hypoxia marker set (HIF-1α/PGK1/VEGF/CA9/OPN) was determined as the best predictor for induction of Notch1/Dll1/Hes1/Hes6/Hey1/Hey2. Similar Notch-axis genes were activated in gliomaspheres, but not monolayer cultures, under moderate/severe hypoxia (2%/0.2% O2). Preliminary evidence suggested inverse correlation between patient survival and increased expression of constituents of the hypoxia-Notch gene signature. Together, our findings delineated the Notch-axis maximally associated with hypoxia in resected GBM, which might be prognostically relevant. Its upregulation in hypoxia-exposed gliomaspheres signify them as a better in-vitro model for studying hypoxia-Notch interactions than monolayer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Chitrangda Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhawana Dikshit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Subrata Sinha
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- * E-mail: (KC); (SS)
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (KC); (SS)
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32
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Ramchandani D, Weber GF. Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:202-22. [PMID: 25732057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For this comprehensive review, 257 publications with the keywords "osteopontin" or "OPN" and "vascular endothelial growth factor" or "VEGF" in PubMed were screened (time frame from year 1996 to year 2014). 37 articles were excluded because they were not focused on the interactions between these molecules, and papers relevant for transformation-related phenomena were selected. Osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are characterized by a convergence in function for regulating cell motility and angiogenesis, the response to hypoxia, and apoptosis. Often, they are co-expressed or one molecule induces the other, however, in some settings OPN-associated pathways and VEGF-associated pathways are distinct. Their relationships affect the pathogenesis in cancer, where they contribute to progression and angiogenesis and serve as markers for poor prognosis. The inhibition of OPN may reduce VEGF levels and suppress tumor progression. In vascular pathologies, these two cytokines mediate remodeling, but may also perpetuate inflammation and narrowing of the arteries. OPN and VEGF are elevated and contribute to vascularization in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, USA.
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Huang X, Qian Y, Wu H, Xie X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Kuang W, Shen L, Li K, Su J, Shen L, Chen X. Aberrant expression of osteopontin and E-cadherin indicates radiation resistance and poor prognosis for patients with cervical carcinoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:88-98. [PMID: 25380749 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414561329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the first-line treatment for all stages of cervical cancer, whether it is used for radical or palliative therapy. However, radioresistance of cervical cancer remains a major therapeutic problem. Consequently, we explored if E-cadherin (a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and osteopontin could predict radioresistance in patients with locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (LACSCC). Patients were retrospectively reviewed and 111 patients divided into two groups (radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive groups) according to progression-free survival (PFS). In pretreated paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated E-cadherin and osteopontin expression using immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of patients with high osteopontin but low E-cadherin expression in the radiation-resistant group was significantly higher than those in the radiation-sensitive group (p<0.001). These patients also had a lower 5-year PFS rate (p<0.001). Our research suggests that high osteopontin but low E-cadherin expression can be considered as a negative, independent prognostic factor in patients with LACSCC ([Hazard ratios (95% CI) 6.766 (2.940, 15.572)], p<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Yujie Qian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Hainan Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the NCO School of the Border Control Force Yunnan Province, P.R. China (HW)
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumal Hospital & Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XX)
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Weilu Kuang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL),Xiangya of medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS)
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XC, JS)
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL),Xiangya of medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XC, JS)
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Association of osteopontin expression with the prognosis of glioma patient: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:429-36. [PMID: 25266800 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
So far, several studies on the association between osteopontin (OPN) expression and glioma have been performed, but the conclusion still was not clear. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between OPN expression and prognosis of patients with glioma. The electronic database was searched for articles on the association between OPN expression and glioma until 31 January 2014. Odds ratios (OR) and the relative risks with 95 % CI were utilized to analyze the qualitative data in retrospective studies and prospective studies, respectively. The standardized mean difference and the corresponding 95 % CI were used for analyzing the studies with quantitative data. Heterogeneity of all included studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and I (2) measurement. The publication bias was examined by the Egger test. Sixteen cohort studies (854 patients) on OPN expression and gliomas prognosis were included in the present meta-analysis. It was found that OPN expression was significantly higher in patients with high-grade glioma than in patients with low-grade glioma (χ (2) = 8.38, I (2) = 16.6 %, P = 0.300), and the expression of OPN increased with glioma grade. The combined data showed the correlation between high OPN expression and tumor reoccurrence (OR = 18.61, 95 % CI = 6.34-54.67, P = 0.405). In addition, the results of the pooled analysis indicated that OPN expression was significantly related to overall survival (HR = 1.83; 95 % CI = 1.36-2.46). In conclusion, OPN may be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of gliomas.
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35
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Vartanian A, Singh SK, Agnihotri S, Jalali S, Burrell K, Aldape KD, Zadeh G. GBM's multifaceted landscape: highlighting regional and microenvironmental heterogeneity. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1167-75. [PMID: 24642524 PMCID: PMC4136895 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that show variable proliferative potential, invasiveness, aggressiveness, histological grading, and clinical behavior. In this review, we focus on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV glioma, which is the most common and malignant of primary adult brain tumors. Research over the past several decades has revealed the existence of extensive cellular, molecular, genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic heterogeneity among tumors of the same grade and even within individual tumors. Evaluation of different tumor types has shown that tumors with advanced grade and clinical aggressiveness also display enhanced molecular, cellular, and microenvironmental heterogeneity. From a therapeutic standpoint, this heterogeneity is a major clinical hurdle for devising effective therapeutic strategies for patients and challenges personalized medicine. In this review, we will highlight key aspects of GBM heterogeneity, directing special attention to regional heterogeneity, hypoxia, genomic heterogeneity, tumor-specific metabolic reprogramming, neovascularization or angiogenesis, and stromal immune cells. We will further discuss the clinical implications of GBM heterogeneity in the context of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenoush Vartanian
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Shahrzad Jalali
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Kelly Burrell
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.V., S.K.S., S.A., S.J., K.B., G.Z.); Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (G.Z.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.D.A.)
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Agrawal R, Pandey P, Jha P, Dwivedi V, Sarkar C, Kulshreshtha R. Hypoxic signature of microRNAs in glioblastoma: insights from small RNA deep sequencing. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:686. [PMID: 25129238 PMCID: PMC4148931 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is a critical aspect of the glioma microenvironment and has been associated with poor prognosis and resistance to various therapies. However, the mechanisms responsible for hypoxic survival of glioma cells remain unclear. Recent studies strongly suggest that microRNAs act as critical mediators of the hypoxic response. We thus hypothesized their prominent role in hypoxia resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) and aimed to identify those. Results With this study, we present the first detailed analysis of small RNA transcriptome of cell line U87MG, a grade IV glioma cell line, and its alteration under hypoxic condition. Based on deep sequencing and microarray data, we identify a set of hypoxia regulated microRNAs, with the miR-210-3p and its isomiRs showing highest induction in GBM cell lines U87MG and U251MG. We show miR-210-3p, miR-1275, miR-376c-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-193a-3p and miR-145-5p to be up-regulated, while miR-92b-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-181a-2-3p and miR-185-5p are down-regulated by hypoxia. Interestingly, certain hypoxia-induced miRNAs are also known to be over-expressed in GBM tumors, suggesting that hypoxia may be one of the factors involved in establishing the miRNA signature of GBM. Transcription factor binding sites for Hypoxia inducible factor 1 A (HIF1A) were identified in the promoter region (5 kb upstream) of 30 hypoxia-induced miRNAs. HIF-1A over-expression and silencing studies show regulation of specific miRNAs, including miR-210-3p, to be HIF1A dependent. On the other hand, miR-210-3p leads to an increase in transcriptional activity of HIF and its target genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9). MiR-210-3p levels were found to be high in GBM patient samples and showed good correlation with the known hypoxia markers CA9 and VEGF. We show that miR-210-3p promotes hypoxic survival and chemoresistance in GBM cells and targets a negative regulator of hypoxic response, HIF3A. Additionally, a total of 139 novel miRNAs were discovered by the analysis of deep sequencing data and three of these were found to be differentially expressed under hypoxia. Conclusions Overall, our study reveals a novel miRNA signature of hypoxia in GBM and suggests miR-210-3p to be an oncogenic player and a novel potential intrinsic marker of hypoxia in glioblastoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-686) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, 110016, New Delhi, India.
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Lau J, Pan J, Zhang Z, Hundal-Jabal N, Liu Z, Bénard F, Lin KS. Synthesis and evaluation of (18)F-labeled tertiary benzenesulfonamides for imaging carbonic anhydrase IX expression in tumours with positron emission tomography. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3064-8. [PMID: 24878197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three tertiary benzenesulfonamide inhibitors 4a-c were radiolabeled with (18)F and evaluated for imaging carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression with positron emission tomography. All three inhibitors exhibit <10 nM affinity for CA IX with no measurable affinity for CA II. Despite good affinity/selectivity to CA IX and excellent stability in plasma, uptake of [(18)F]4a-c in CA IX-expressing HT-29 tumours was low without significant contrast. [(18)F]4a,b were excreted rapidly, while [(18)F]4c exhibited significant in vivo defluorination leading to high bone uptake. Due to minimal uptake in HT-29 tumours compared to normal organs/tissues, (18)F-labeled benzenesulfonamides [(18)F]4a-c are not suitable as CA IX imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Rm 4-123, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Jinhe Pan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Rm 4-123, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Rm 4-123, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Navjit Hundal-Jabal
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Rm 4-123, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Rm 4-123, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Rm 4-123, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada.
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38
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Anderson JC, Duarte CW, Welaya K, Rohrbach TD, Bredel M, Yang ES, Choradia NV, Thottassery JV, Yancey Gillespie G, Bonner JA, Willey CD. Kinomic exploration of temozolomide and radiation resistance in Glioblastoma multiforme xenolines. Radiother Oncol 2014; 111:468-74. [PMID: 24813092 PMCID: PMC4119546 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most common and deadly primary brain malignancy, particularly due to temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation (RT) resistance. To better understand resistance mechanisms, we examined global kinase activity (kinomic profiling) in both treatment sensitive and resistant human GBM patient-derived xenografts (PDX or "xenolines"). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen orthotopically-implanted xenolines were examined including 8 with known RT sensitivity/resistance, while 5 TMZ resistant xenolines were generated through serial TMZ treatment in vivo. Tumors were harvested, prepared as total protein lysates, and kinomically analyzed on a PamStation®12 high-throughput microarray platform with subsequent upstream kinase prediction and network modeling. RESULTS Kinomic profiles indicated elevated tyrosine kinase activity associated with the radiation resistance phenotype, including FAK and FGFR1. Furthermore, network modeling showed VEGFR1/2 and c-Raf hubs could be involved. Analysis of acquired TMZ resistance revealed more kinomic variability among TMZ resistant tumors. Two of the five tumors displayed significantly altered kinase activity in the TMZ resistant xenolines and network modeling indicated PKC, JAK1, PI3K, CDK2, and VEGFR as potential mediators of this resistance. CONCLUSION GBM xenolines provide a phenotypic model for GBM drug response and resistance that when paired with kinomic profiling identified targetable pathways to inherent (radiation) or acquired (TMZ) resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karim Welaya
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eddy S Yang
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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39
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Yuan YJ, Xu K, Wu W, Luo Q, Yu JL. Application of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane in neurosurgery disease. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1275-81. [PMID: 25419173 PMCID: PMC4239148 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a highly vascularized extraembryonic membrane. Because of its ease of accessibility, extensive vascularization and immunodeficient environment, the CAM has been broadly used in the oncology, biology, pharmacy, and tissue regeneration research. The present review summarizes the application of the CAM in neurosurgery disease research. We focused on the use of the CAM as an assay for the research of glioma, vascular anomalies, Moyamoya Disease, and the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jin-Lu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
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EMARA MARWAN, TURNER AROBERT, ALLALUNIS-TURNER JOAN. Hypoxia differentially upregulates the expression of embryonic, fetal and adult hemoglobin in human glioblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:950-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wu Y, Han X, Guo Y, Wu H, Ren J, Li J, Ai D, Wang L, Bai D. Response of immortalized murine cementoblast cells to hypoxia in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1718-25. [PMID: 24112739 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of hypoxia on proliferation, apoptosis and mineralization of cementoblast-like cells (OCCM-30) in vitro. METHODS The effects of different periods of hypoxia (2% O2) on proliferation, apoptosis, cementoblastic potential and root cementum resorption capability of OCCM-30 were evaluated, by using MTT, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction measurement, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mineralization nodule formation assay. RESULTS OCCM-30 viability was significantly inhibited by hypoxia while the apoptosis ratio was enhanced in a time-dependent manner; hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA were induced by hypoxia in different manners; temporary hypoxia (<24 h) stimulated cementoblastic function of OCCM-30, while long-term hypoxia inhibited it, manifested by decreased mRNA level or release of ALP, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin and osteoprotegerin. In addition, hypoxia affected mineralized nodule formation of OCCM-30 in a time-dependent fashion; moreover, root cementum resorption function was also induced by hypoxia, manifested by increased receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand mRNA and protein expression. CONCLUSION Temporary exposure of OCCM-30 to hypoxia inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis and mineralization, while longer duration of hypoxia could inhibit the cementoblast function. The findings may provide theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutics to prevent root resorption during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Osteopontin and splice variant expression level in human malignant glioma: radiobiologic effects and prognosis after radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:535-40. [PMID: 23891093 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the role of the hypoxia-associated secreted glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) in the response of malignant glioma to radiotherapy by characterizing OPN and its splice variants in vitro and in patient material. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of siRNA knockdown of OPN splice variants on cellular and radiobiologic behavior was analyzed in U251MG cells using OpnS siRNA (inhibition of all OPN splice variants) and OpnAC siRNA (knockdown only of OPNa and OPNc). OPN and splice variant mRNA levels were quantified in archival material of 41 glioblastoma tumor samples. Plasma OPN was prospectively measured in 33 malignant glioma patients. RESULTS Inhibition of OPNa and OPNc (OpnAC) reduced clonogenic survival in U251MG cells but did not affect proliferation, migration or apoptosis. Knockdown of all OPN splice variants (OpnS) resulted in an even stronger inhibition of clonogenic survival, while cell proliferation and migration were reduced and rate of apoptosis was increased. Additional irradiation had additive effects with both siRNAs. Plasma OPN increased continuously in malignant glioma patients and was associated with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS OPNb is partially able to compensate the effects of OPNa and OPNc knockdown in U251MG cells. High OPN plasma levels at the end of radiotherapy are associated with poor survival.
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Hypoxia induced CA9 inhibitory targeting by two different sulfonamide derivatives including acetazolamide in human glioblastoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3949-57. [PMID: 23706268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
HIF-1α regulated genes are mainly responsible for tumour resistance to radiation- and chemo-therapy. Among these genes, carbonic anhydrase isoform IX (CA9) is highly over expressed in many types of cancer especially in high grade brain cancer like Glioblastoma (GBM). Inhibition of the enzymatic activity by application of specific chemical CA9 inhibitor sulphonamides (CAI) like Acetazolamide (Aza.), the new sulfonamide derivative carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (SU.D2) or indirect inhibitors like the HIF-1α inhibitor Chetomin or molecular inhibitors like CA9-siRNA are leading to an inhibition of the functional role of CA9 during tumorigenesis. Human GBM cells were treated with in vitro hypoxia (1, 6, or 24 h at 0.1%, O2). Aza. application was at a range between 250 and 8000 nM and the HIF-1α inhibitor Chetomin at a concentration range of 150-500 nM. Cell culture plates were incubated for 24 h under hypoxia (0.1% O2). Further, CA9-siRNA constructs were transiently transfected into GBM cells exposed to extreme hypoxic aeration conditions. CA9 protein expression level was detectable in a cell-type specific manner under normoxic conditions. Whereas U87-MG exhibited a strong aerobic expression, U251 and U373 displayed moderate and GaMG very weak normoxic CA9 protein bands. Aza. as well as SU.D2 displayed inhibitory characteristics to hypoxia induced CA9 expression in the four GBM cell lines for 24 h of hypoxia (0.1% O2) at concentrations between 3500 and 8000 nM, on both the protein and mRNA level. Parallel experiments using CA9-siRNA confirmed these results. Application of 150-500 nM of the glycolysis inhibitor Chetomin under similar oxygenation conditions led to a sharply reduced expression of both CA IX protein and CA9 mRNA levels, indicating a clear glucose availability involvement for the hypoxic HIF-1α and CA9 expression in GBM cells. Hypoxia significantly influences the behaviour of human tumour cells by activation of genes involved in the adaptation to hypoxic stress. The main objective in malignant GBM therapy is either to eradicate the tumour or to convert it into a controlled, quiescent chronic disease. Aza., SU.D2, Chetomin or CA9-siRNA possesses functional CA9 inhibitory characteristics when applied against human cancers with hypoxic regions like GBM. They may be used as alternative or in conjunction with other direct inhibitors possessing similar functionality, thereby rendering them as potential optimal tools for the development of an optimized therapy in human brain cancer treatment.
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Hypoxia-related molecules HIF-1α, CA9, and osteopontin. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 189:147-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Influence of osteopontin silencing on survival and migration of lung cancer cells. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 189:62-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Lu DY, Yeh WL, Huang SM, Tang CH, Lin HY, Chou SJ. Osteopontin increases heme oxygenase-1 expression and subsequently induces cell migration and invasion in glioma cells. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:1367-78. [PMID: 23074199 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are associated with high morbidity and mortality because they are highly invasive into surrounding brain tissue, making complete surgical resection impossible. Osteopontin is abundantly expressed in the brain and is involved in cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of glioma cell migration. Migration and invasion activity were determined by transwell and wound-healing assays. Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, real time-PCR, and Western blotting. Nrf2-DNA binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Establishment of migration-prone sublines were performed to select highly migratory glioma. An intracranial xenograft mouse model was used for the in vivo study. Application of recombinant human osteopontin enhanced the migration of glioma cells. Expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA and protein also increased in response to osteopontin stimulation. Osteopontin-induced increase in cell migration was antagonized by HO-1 inhibitor or HO-1 small interfering (si)RNA. Osteopontin-mediated HO-1 expression was reduced by treatment with MEK/ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt inhibitors, as well as siRNA against Nrf2. Furthermore, osteopontin stimulated Nrf2 accumulation in the nucleus and increased Nrf2-DNA binding activity. In migration-prone sublines, cells with greater migration ability had higher osteopontin and HO-1 expression, and zinc protoporphyrin IX treatment could effectively reduce the enhanced migration ability. In an intracranial xenograft mouse model, transplantation of migration-prone subline cells exhibited higher cell migration than parental tumor cells. These results indicate that osteopontin activates Nrf2 signaling, resulting in enhanced HO-1 expression and cell migration in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Yuu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Hypoxia plays a central role in tumour development, angiogenesis, growth and resistance to treatment. Owing to constant developments in medical imaging technology, significant advances have been made towards in vitro and in vivo imaging of hypoxia in a variety of tumours, including gliomas of the central nervous system. The aim of this article is to review the literature on imaging approaches currently available for measuring hypoxia in human gliomas and provide an insight into recent advances and future directions in this field. After a brief overview of hypoxia and its importance in gliomas, several methods of measuring hypoxia will be presented. These range from invasive monitoring by Eppendorf polarographic O(2) microelectrodes, positron electron tomography (PET) tracers based on 2-nitroimidazole compounds [(18)F-labelled fluoro-misonidazole ((18)F-MISO) or 1-(2-[((18))F]fluoro-1-[hydroxymethyl]ethoxy)methyl-2-nitroimidazole (FRP-170)], (64)Cu-ATSM Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (Cu-ATSM) or (99m)Tc- and (68)Ga-labelled metronidazole (MN) agents to advanced MRI methods, such as blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI, oxygen-enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mendichovszky
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, UK
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Said HM, Polat B, Stein S, Guckenberger M, Hagemann C, Staab A, Katzer A, Anacker J, Flentje M, Vordermark D. Inhibition of N-Myc down regulated gene 1 in in vitro cultured human glioblastoma cells. World J Clin Oncol 2012; 3:104-10. [PMID: 22787578 PMCID: PMC3394081 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v3.i7.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study short dsRNA oligonucleotides (siRNA) as a potent tool for artificially modulating gene expression of N-Myc down regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) gene induced under different physiological conditions (Normoxia and hypoxia) modulating NDRG1 transcription, mRNA stability and translation.
METHODS: A cell line established from a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Plasmid DNA for transfections was prepared with the Endofree Plasmid Maxi kit. From plates containing 5 × 107 cells, nuclear extracts were prepared according to previous protocols. The pSUPER-NDRG1 vectors were designed, two sequences were selected from the human NDRG1 cDNA (5’-GCATTATTGGCATGGGAAC-3’ and 5’-ATGCAGAGTAACGTGGAAG-3’. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers designed using published information on β-actin and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α mRNA sequences in GenBank. NDRG1 mRNA and protein level expression results under different conditions of hypoxia or reoxygenation were compared to aerobic control conditions using the Mann-Whitney U test. Reoxygenation values were also compared to the NDRG1 levels after 24 h of hypoxia (P < 0.05 was considered significant).
RESULTS: siRNA- and iodoacetate (IAA)-mediated downregulation of NDRG1 mRNA and protein expression in vitro in human glioblastoma cell lines showed a nearly complete inhibition of NDRG1 expression when compared to the results obtained due to the inhibitory role of glycolysis inhibitor IAA. Hypoxia responsive elements bound by nuclear HIF-1 in human glioblastoma cells in vitro under different oxygenation conditions and the clearly enhanced binding of nuclear extracts from glioblastoma cell samples exposed to extreme hypoxic conditions confirmed the HIF-1 Western blotting results.
CONCLUSION: NDRG1 represents an additional diagnostic marker for brain tumor detection, due to the role of hypoxia in regulating this gene, and it can represent a potential target for tumor treatment in human glioblastoma. The siRNA method can represent an elegant alternative to modulate the expression of the hypoxia induced NDRG1 gene and can help to monitor the development of the cancer disease treatment outcome through monitoring the expression of this gene in the patients undergoing the different therapeutic treatment alternatives available nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun M Said
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Kockar F, Yildrim H, Sagkan RI, Hagemann C, Soysal Y, Anacker J, Hamza AA, Vordermark D, Flentje M, Said HM. Hypoxia and cytokines regulate carbonic anhydrase 9 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. World J Clin Oncol 2012; 3:82-91. [PMID: 22724087 PMCID: PMC3380102 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v3.i6.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) 9 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
METHODS: We studied CA9 protein, CA9 mRNA and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein levels in Hep3B cells exposed in different parallel approaches. In one of these approaches, HCC cells were exposed to extreme in vitro hypoxia (24 h 0.1% O2) without or with interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) stimulation for the same hypoxic exposure time or exposed to normoxic oxygenation conditions without or with cytokine stimulation.
RESULTS: The tumour cell line analysed showed a strong hypoxic CA9 mRNA expression pattern in response to prolonged severe hypoxia with cell-line specific patterns and a marked induction of CA9 protein in response to severe hypoxia. These results were paralleled by the results for HIF-1α protein under identical oxygenation conditions with a similar expression tendency to that displayed during the CA9 protein expression experimental series. Continuous stimulation with the cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β, under normoxic conditions significantly increased the carbonic anhydrase 9 expression level at both the protein and mRNA level, almost doubling the CA9 mRNA and CA9 and HIF-1α protein expression levels found under hypoxia. The findings from these experiments indicated that hypoxia is a positive regulator of CA9 expression in HCC, and the four signal transduction pathways, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β, positively influence CA9 expression under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
CONCLUSION: These findings may potentially be considered in the design of anti- cancer therapeutic approaches involving hypoxia-induced or cytokine stimulatory effects on expression. In addition, they provide evidence of the stimulatory role of the examined cytokine families resulting in an increase in CA9 expression under different oxygenation conditions in human cancer, especially HCC, and on the role of the CA9 gene as a positive disease regulator in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feray Kockar
- Feray Kockar, Hatice Yildrim, Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University, 10145 Balikesir, Turkey
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Hong KS, Kim HS, Kim SH, Lim DJ, Park JY, Kim SD. Hypoxia induces Wee1 expression and attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial damage in MS1 cells. Exp Mol Med 2012; 43:653-9. [PMID: 21918363 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In an oxygen-depleted environment, endothelial cells initiate an adaptive pattern of synthesis, which may enable them to survive hypoxic crises. Using high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectroscopy, we obtained a 24 differential display of proteins in the pancreatic endothelial cell line, MS-1, at four time points following induction of hypoxia. The induction of Wee1 under hypoxia was confirmed both at the mRNA and protein levels. The phosphorylation of cell division cycle 2, which is downstream of Wee1, was also increased after hypoxic exposure. In addition, pre-exposure to hypoxia attenuated a decrease in hydrogen peroxide-induced cell number. The induction of bax (a pro-apoptotic protein) and reduction of bcl (an anti-apoptotic protein) after hypoxia stimulus were also attenuated by hypoxic pre-exposure. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide-induced morphologic damage did not appear in the wild-type Wee1-expressing cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Wee1 may have important role in hypoxia- induced pathophysiological situations in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Sun Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery Korea University Ansan Hospital Korea University College of Medicine Ansan 425-707, Korea
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