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Ju Z, Brosse N, Hoppe S, Wang Z, Ziegler-Devin I, Zhang H, Shu B. Thermal and mechanical properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified lignin/polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129997. [PMID: 38340934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a method was proposed to prepare biocomposites from polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified lignin using twin-screw extrusion process. The structure of PEG-modified lignin was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) analysis. The effects of different contents of soda lignin and PEG-modified lignin on PLA composites were studied by tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and degradation analysis. The experimental results showed that the addition of PEG-modified lignin enhanced the heat resistance of PLA composite. PLA could be combined with up to 30 % PEG-modified lignin, with no significant reduction in tensile strength properties. Compared with PLA-L30, the tensile stress and elongation at break of PLA-PL30 were increased by 26.4 % and 78.9 %, respectively. This approach provided a new way to produce high-performance lignin based-PLA composites and had certain industrial application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Ju
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Université de Lorraine - INRAE - LERMAB - GP4W, F 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- Université de Lorraine - INRAE - LERMAB - GP4W, F 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Sandrine Hoppe
- Université de Lorraine - CNRS - LRGP, F 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | | | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Biqing Shu
- College of Civil Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
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2
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Wei D, Lv S, Zuo J, Zhang S, Liang S. Recent advances research and application of lignin-based fluorescent probes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Boarino A, Schreier A, Leterrier Y, Klok HA. Uniformly Dispersed Poly(lactic acid)-Grafted Lignin Nanoparticles Enhance Antioxidant Activity and UV-Barrier Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Packaging Films. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:4808-4817. [PMID: 35846781 PMCID: PMC9274615 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) represents one of the most widely used biodegradable polymers for food packaging applications. While this material provides many advantages, it is characterized by limited antioxidant and UV-barrier properties. Blending PLA with lignin is an attractive strategy to address these limitations. Lignin possesses antioxidant properties and absorbs UV-light and is a widely available low value byproduct of the paper and pulp industry. This study has explored the use of lignin nanoparticles to augment the properties of PLA-based films. A central challenge in the preparation of PLA-lignin nanoparticle blend films is to avoid nanoparticle aggregation, which could compromise optical properties as well as antioxidant activity, among others. To avoid nanoparticle aggregation in the PLA matrix, PLA-grafted lignin nanoparticles were prepared via organocatalyzed lactide ring-opening polymerization. In contrast to lignin and unmodified lignin nanoparticles, these PLA-grafted lignin nanoparticles could be uniformly dispersed in PLA for lignin contents up to 10 wt %. The addition of as little as the equivalent of 1 wt % of lignin of these nanoparticles effectively blocked transmission of 280 nm UV-light. At the same time, these blend films retained reasonable visible light transmittance. The optical properties of the PLA lignin blend films also benefited from the well-dispersed nature of the PLA-grafted nanoparticles, as evidenced by significantly higher visible light transmittance of blends of PLA and PLA-grafted nanoparticles, as compared to blends prepared from PLA with lignin or unmodified lignin nanoparticles. Finally, blending PLA with PLA-grafted lignin nanoparticles greatly augments the antioxidant activity of these films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Boarino
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aigoul Schreier
- Institut
des Matériaux, Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Station
12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Leterrier
- Institut
des Matériaux, Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Station
12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- . Phone: + 41 21 693 4866
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Park CW, Han SY, Bandi R, Dadigala R, Lee EA, Kim JK, Cindradewi AW, Kwon GJ, Lee SH. Esterification of Lignin Isolated by Deep Eutectic Solvent Using Fatty Acid Chloride, and Its Composite Film with Poly(lactic acid). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132149. [PMID: 34209918 PMCID: PMC8271993 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of lignin esterification with fatty acid chloride on the properties of lignin and lignin/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites was investigated. Lignocellulose (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) was treated using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) with choline chloride (ChCl)/lactic acid (LA). From the DES-soluble fraction, DES-lignin (DL) was isolated by a regeneration process. Lignin esterification was conducted with palmitoyl chloride (PC). As the PC loading increased for DL esterification, the Mw of esterified DL (EDL) was increased, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was decreased. In DL or EDL/PLA composite films, it was observed that EDL/PLA had cleaner and smoother morphological characteristics than DL/PLA. The addition of DL or EDL in a PLA matrix resulted in a deterioration of tensile properties as compared with neat PLA. The EDL/PLA composite film had a higher tensile strength and elastic modulus than the DL/PLA composite film. DL esterification decreased water absorption with lower water diffusion coefficients. The effect of lignin esterification on improving the compatibility of lignin and PLA was demonstrated. These results are expected to contribute to the development of high-strength lignin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Woo Park
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (C.-W.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (R.B.); (R.D.); (G.-J.K.)
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (C.-W.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (R.B.); (R.D.); (G.-J.K.)
| | - Rajkumar Bandi
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (C.-W.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (R.B.); (R.D.); (G.-J.K.)
| | - Ramakrishna Dadigala
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (C.-W.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (R.B.); (R.D.); (G.-J.K.)
| | - Eun-Ah Lee
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (E.-A.L.); (J.-K.K.); (A.W.C.)
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (E.-A.L.); (J.-K.K.); (A.W.C.)
| | - Azelia Wulan Cindradewi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (E.-A.L.); (J.-K.K.); (A.W.C.)
| | - Gu-Joong Kwon
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (C.-W.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (R.B.); (R.D.); (G.-J.K.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (C.-W.P.); (S.-Y.H.); (R.B.); (R.D.); (G.-J.K.)
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (E.-A.L.); (J.-K.K.); (A.W.C.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8329
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Penín L, López M, Santos V, Alonso JL, Parajó JC. Technologies for Eucalyptus wood processing in the scope of biorefineries: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123528. [PMID: 32444114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus is the most widely planted type of hardwoods, and represents an important biomass source for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. Its industrial benefit can be achieved by processes following the biorefinery concept, which is based on the selective separation ("fractionation") of the major components (hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin), and on the generation of added-value from the resulting fractions. This article provides a in-depth assessment on the composition of Eucalyptus wood and a critical evaluation of selected technologies allowing its overall exploitation. These latter include treatments with organosolvents and with emerging fractionation agents (ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents). The comparative evaluation of the diverse processing technologies is carried out in terms of degree of fractionation, yields and selectivities. The weak and strong points, challenges, and opportunities of the diverse fractionation methods are identified, focusing on the integral utilization of the feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Penín
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mar López
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Valentín Santos
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - José Luis Alonso
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Parajó
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Ourense Campus), Polytechnical Building. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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6
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Poly( l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173776. [PMID: 32859082 PMCID: PMC7503300 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based composites made of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and pine wood were prepared by melt extrusion. The composites were compatibilized by impregnation of wood with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APE). Comparison with non-compatibilized formulation revealed that APE is an efficient compatibilizer for PLLA/wood composites. Pine wood particles dispersed within PLLA act as nucleating agents able to start the growth of PLLA crystals, resulting in a faster crystallization rate and increased crystal fraction. Moreover, the composites have a slightly lower thermal stability compared to PLLA, proportional to filler content, due to the lower thermal stability of wood. Molecular dynamics was investigated using the solid-state 1H NMR technique, which revealed restrictions in the mobility of polymer chains upon the addition of wood, as well as enhanced interfacial adhesion between the filler and matrix in the composites compatibilized with APE. The enhanced interfacial adhesion in silane-treated composites was also proved by scanning electron microscopy and resulted in slightly improved deformability and impact resistance of the composites.
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7
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Gama N, Barros‐Timmons A, Ferreira A, Evtuguin D. Surface treatment of eucalyptus wood for improved HDPE composites properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Gama
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro—Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ana Barros‐Timmons
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro—Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Artur Ferreira
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Águeda Rua Comandante Pinho e Freitas, n° 28, 3750–127 Águeda Portugal
| | - Dmitry Evtuguin
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro—Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
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8
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Yurchenko A, Golub N, Zhu Y. Lignin as the Basis for Obtaining Bioplastics. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2019.3.3.173421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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9
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Yang J, Ching YC, Chuah CH. Applications of Lignocellulosic Fibers and Lignin in Bioplastics: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E751. [PMID: 31035331 PMCID: PMC6572173 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic fibers and lignin are two of the most important natural bioresources in the world. They show tremendous potential to decrease energy utilization/pollution and improve biodegradability by replacing synthetic fibers in bioplastics. The compatibility between the fiber-matrix plays an important part in the properties of the bioplastics. The improvement of lignocellulosic fiber properties by most surface treatments generally removes lignin. Due to the environmental pollution and high cost of cellulose modification, focus has been directed toward the use of lignocellulosic fibers in bioplastics. In addition, lignin-reinforced bioplastics are fabricated with varying success. These applications confirm there is no need to remove lignin from lignocellulosic fibers when preparing the bioplastics from a technical point of view. In this review, characterizations of lignocellulosic fibers and lignin related to their applications in bioplastics are covered. Then, we generalize the developments and problems of lignin-reinforced bioplastics and modification of lignin to improve the interaction of lignin-matrix. As for lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced bioplastics, we place importance on the low compatibility of the lignocellulosic fiber-matrix. The applications of lignin-containing cellulose and lignocellulosic fibers without delignification in the bioplastics are reviewed. A comparison between lignocellulosic fibers and lignin in the bioplastics is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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10
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Lagerquist L, Pranovich A, Sumerskii I, von Schoultz S, Vähäsalo L, Willför S, Eklund P. Structural and Thermal Analysis of Softwood Lignins from a Pressurized Hot Water Extraction Biorefinery Process and Modified Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:E335. [PMID: 30669257 PMCID: PMC6359013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have analyzed the pine and spruce softwood lignin fraction recovered from a novel pressurized hot water extraction pilot process. The lignin structure was characterized using multiple NMR techniques and the thermal properties were analyzed using thermal gravimetric analysis. Acetylated and selectively methylated derivatives were prepared, and their structure and properties were analyzed and compared to the unmodified lignin. The lignin had relatively high molar weight and low PDI values and even less polydisperse fractions could be obtained by fractionation based on solubility in i-PrOH. Condensation, especially at the 5-position, was detected in this sulphur-free technical lignin, which had been enriched with carbon compared to the milled wood lignin (MWL) sample of the same wood chips. An increase in phenolic and carboxylic groups was also detected, which makes the lignin accessible to chemical modification. The lignin was determined to be thermally stable up to (273⁻302 °C) based on its Tdst 95% value. Due to the thermal stability, low polydispersity, and possibility to tailor its chemical properties by modification of its hydroxyl groups, possible application areas for the lignin could be in polymeric blends, composites or in resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lagerquist
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland.
| | - Andrey Pranovich
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland.
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ivan Sumerskii
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | | | - Lari Vähäsalo
- CH-Bioforce Oy, Ahventie 4 A 21-22, FIN-02170 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Stefan Willför
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland.
| | - Patrik Eklund
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland.
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11
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Li X, Hegyesi N, Zhang Y, Mao Z, Feng X, Wang B, Pukánszky B, Sui X. Poly(lactic acid)/lignin blends prepared with the Pickering emulsion template method. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Tolesa LD, Gupta BS, Lee MJ. Treatment of Coffee Husk with Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids: Lignin Extraction, Degradation, and Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10866-10876. [PMID: 30320254 PMCID: PMC6173516 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Four ammonium-based ionic liquids were synthesized for the selective extraction and degradation of lignin from coffee husk. The extracted lignin samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, UV-vis, 1H and 13C NMR, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. The analyzed results confirmed that these ionic liquids are able to effectively extract and decompose the lignin to smaller molecules from the biomass. Experimental results show that a significantly high yield, 71.2% of the original lignin, has been achieved. This processing method is an efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly green route for producing high-added-value lignin from wasted coffee husk.
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13
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Cortés-Triviño E, Valencia C, Delgado MA, Franco JM. Modification of Alkali Lignin with Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Diglycidyl Ether to Be Used as a Thickener in Bio-Lubricant Formulations. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E670. [PMID: 30966704 PMCID: PMC6404134 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable efforts are currently being made by the academic community and industry, aiming to develop environmentally friendly lubricants with suitable technical features for their performance. In this context, lignin could be considered a promising candidate to be used as a bio-sourced thickening agent to formulate eco-friendly lubricating greases. In this work, alkali lignin (AL) was chemically modified with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE). Afterwards, the epoxidized lignin was properly dispersed in castor oil (CO) in order to obtain an oleogel for lubricant applications. The epoxidized lignins were characterized by means of epoxy index determination, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The epoxide-functionalized lignin-based oleogels were analyzed from both rheological and tribological points of view. It was found that the viscosity, consistency and viscoelastic functions of these oleogels clearly increased with the epoxy index of the epoxide-modified lignin compound. Thermo-rheological characterization of these oleogels revealed a slight thermal dependence of the viscoelastic moduli below 100 °C, but a significant softening above that critical temperature. In general, these oleogels showed low values of the friction coefficient under the mixed lubrication regime as compared to the neat castor oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Cortés-Triviño
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Product and Process Technology Centre, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Concepción Valencia
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Product and Process Technology Centre, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Delgado
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Product and Process Technology Centre, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - José M Franco
- Pro2TecS-Chemical Product and Process Technology Centre, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
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14
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Organosolv Fractionation of Softwood Biomass for Biofuel and Biorefinery Applications. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Softwoods represent a significant fraction of the available lignocellulosic biomass for conversion into a variety of bio-based products. Its inherent recalcitrance, however, makes its successful utilization an ongoing challenge. In the current work the research efforts for the fractionation and utilization of softwood biomass with the organosolv process are reviewed. A short introduction into the specific challenges of softwood utilization, the development of the biorefinery concept, as well as the initial efforts for the development of organosolv as a pulping method is also provided for better understanding of the related research framework. The effect of organosolv pretreatment at various conditions, in the fractionation efficiency of wood components, enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production yields is then discussed. Specific attention is given in the effect of the pretreated biomass properties such as residual lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the valorization of organosolv lignin via the production of biofuels, chemicals, and materials is also described.
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15
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Analytical characterization of purified mimosa ( Acacia mearnsii ) industrial tannin extract: Single and sequential fractionation. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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de Oliveira DR, Nogueira IDM, Maia FJN, Rosa MF, Mazzetto SE, Lomonaco D. Ecofriendly modification of acetosolv lignin from oil palm biomass for improvement of PMMA thermo-oxidative properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davi Rabelo de Oliveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Federal University of Ceara; 60440-900 Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Izabel de Menezes Nogueira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Federal University of Ceara; 60440-900 Fortaleza CE Brazil
- Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry; Rua Dra Sara Mesquita 2270, Planalto do Pici 60511-110 Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | | | - Morsyleide Freitas Rosa
- Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry; Rua Dra Sara Mesquita 2270, Planalto do Pici 60511-110 Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Selma Elaine Mazzetto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Federal University of Ceara; 60440-900 Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Diego Lomonaco
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Federal University of Ceara; 60440-900 Fortaleza CE Brazil
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