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Azka MA, Sapuan SM, Abral H, Zainudin ES, Aziz FA. An examination of recent research of water absorption behavior of natural fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131845. [PMID: 38677695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have begun focusing on developing biodegradable materials, such as natural fiber/polymer composites (NFPC), since the growing of environmental concerns related to waste management. One crucial aspect that must be established in the development of these composites is their water-absorption behavior. This paper examines the water absorption (WA) behavior of NFPC, with a specific emphasis on natural fiber/polylactic acid (PLA) composites. It discusses processes and numerous aspects related to this behavior, based on recent published research. This review analyzes the influence of several factors, such as the loading of natural fiber, the combination of different natural fibers, the methods used in manufacturing, and the temperature of the water, on the WA behavior of natural fiber/PLA composites. It also explores how WA affects the properties of these composites. In addition, this review also presented techniques for improving the WA resistance of the composites. This review paper provides researchers with insights into the WA behavior of the composites, aiming to facilitate the development of a versatile and eco-friendly material that may effectively address waste disposal challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adlan Azka
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S M Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hairul Abral
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN-Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - E S Zainudin
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faieza Abdul Aziz
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Martínková L, Grulich M, Pátek M, Křístková B, Winkler M. Bio-Based Valorization of Lignin-Derived Phenolic Compounds: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050717. [PMID: 37238587 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignins are the most abundant biopolymers that consist of aromatic units. Lignins are obtained by fractionation of lignocellulose in the form of "technical lignins". The depolymerization (conversion) of lignin and the treatment of depolymerized lignin are challenging processes due to the complexity and resistance of lignins. Progress toward mild work-up of lignins has been discussed in numerous reviews. The next step in the valorization of lignin is the conversion of lignin-based monomers, which are limited in number, into a wider range of bulk and fine chemicals. These reactions may need chemicals, catalysts, solvents, or energy from fossil resources. This is counterintuitive to green, sustainable chemistry. Therefore, in this review, we focus on biocatalyzed reactions of lignin monomers, e.g., vanillin, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, guaiacols, (iso)eugenol, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and alkylphenols. For each monomer, its production from lignin or lignocellulose is summarized, and, mainly, its biotransformations that provide useful chemicals are discussed. The technological maturity of these processes is characterized based on, e.g., scale, volumetric productivities, or isolated yields. The biocatalyzed reactions are compared with their chemically catalyzed counterparts if the latter are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Grulich
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Preparation and characterization of diamine-functional bisphthalonitrile resins with self-promoted cure behavior. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Development of Hybrid Composite Utilizing Micro-Cellulose Fibers Extracted from Date Palm Rachis in the Najran Region. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214687. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental effects can be reduced by using renewable resources in various applications. The date palm fibers (DPF) used in this study were extracted from waste date ranches of the Najran region by retting and manual peeling processes. The biocomposites were developed by reinforcing the silane-treated DPF (SDPF) at different wt.% in eugenol phthalonitrile (EPN) and difunctional benzoxazine (BA-a) copolymer. The impact strength, tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical properties and thermogravimetric analysis were evaluated to understand the mechanical, thermomechanical, and thermal properties. Results confirmed that 30 wt.% SDPF-reinforced poly (EPN/BA-a) composites produced the highest mechanical and thermomechanical properties, and were considered optimized SDPF reinforcement. Furthermore, hybrid composites with 30 wt.% SDPF and 15 wt.% silane-treated glass fibers (SGF) reinforcement having different lamination sequences were also studied. The lamination sequences showed a significant impact on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties, as properties were further enhanced by adding a core layer of SGF in hybrid composites. However, the thermal properties of SDPF/SGF laminates were higher than SDPF biocomposites, but the SGF lamination sequence did not produce any impact. According to the limiting oxygen and heat resistance indexes, the developed SDPF/SGF laminates are self-extinguishing materials and can be used in temperature-tolerant applications up to 230 °C.
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Wu M, Yang K, Li Y, Rong J, Jia D, Jia Z, Naito K, Yu X, Zhang Q. A Pyridazine-Containing Phthalonitrile Resin for Heat-Resistant and Flame-Retardant Polymer Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194144. [PMID: 36236092 PMCID: PMC9572764 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel phthalonitrile monomer containing a pyridazine ring, 3,6-bis[3-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenoxy]pyridazine (BCPD) with a low melting point (74 °C) and wide processing window (178 °C), was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The molecular structure of the BCPD monomer was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Poly(BCPD) resins were derived from the formulations by curing at 350 and 370 °C. The thermoset that was post-cured at 370 °C demonstrated outstanding high heat-resistant (glass transition temperature (Tg) > 400 °C, 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) = 501 °C, Yc at 900 °C > 74%) and was flame-retardant (limiting oxygen index (LOI) = 48)). Further, the poly(BCPD) resin simultaneously exhibited a superior storage modulus, which could reach up to 3.8 Gpa at room temperature. Excellent processability and heat resistance were found for phthalonitrile thermosets containing the pyridazine ring, indicating poly(BCPD) resin could be potentially applied as high-temperature structural composite matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Kaixiong Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jianxin Rong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Dianqiu Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhiyi Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composite Mat Grp, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Q.Z.)
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Development of chopped glass fiber composites with difunctional benzoxazine and bio‐based phthalonitrile copolymer: A study of mechanical and thermomechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pu Y, Xie H, He X, Lv J, Zhu Z, Hong J, Zeng K, Hu J, Yang G. The curing reaction of phthalonitrile promoted by sulfhydryl groups with high curing activity. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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8
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He X, Qi J, Chen M, Lv J, Xiao H, Hu J, Zeng K, Yang G. Preparation of novel bio-based imine-containing phthalonitrile resin through the nucleophilic reaction in green solvent. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Synthesis, curing and thermal properties of the low melting point phthalonitrile resins containing glycidyl groups. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang T, Dayo AQ, Wang ZL, Lu HM, Shi CY, Pan ZC, Wang J, Zhou H, Liu WB. Novel self-promoted phthalonitrile monomer with siloxane segments: synthesis, curing kinetics, and thermal properties. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05656e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the study, we synthesize a novel auto-catalytic phthalonitrile monomer containing siloxane segments and secondary amino groups. The phthalonitrile monomer has good processability. And the new polymer shows a higher Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Dayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Zi-long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hui-min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Cheng-yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhong-cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wen-bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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11
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Zhang H, Li M, Wang C, Huang G, Liu M, Sun J, Fang Q. A highly heat-resistant phthalocyanine resin based on a bio-based anethole. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Derradji M, Mehelli O, Liu W, Fantuzzi N. Sustainable and Ecofriendly Chemical Design of High Performance Bio-Based Thermosets for Advanced Applications. Front Chem 2021; 9:691117. [PMID: 34124010 PMCID: PMC8193924 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High performance thermosetting resins are targeted in many exigent applications, such as aerospace and marine fields, for the development of lightweight structural composites. Till now, these industries only rely on petroleum-based materials for their supposedly better performances. However, the latest developments in the field suggest otherwise. In fact, many reports confirmed that sustainable and ecofriendly thermosetting polymers can display similar or even better performances. Additionally, exploring alternative renewable feedstock's to meet the ever increasing demands of these industries is an essential step towards sustainable development. Aiming to unravel the potential of these materials, the present review summarizes the most relevant chemical routes allowing the preparation of fully or partially bio-based thermosetting resins. Meanwhile, the overall performances of these exceptional materials are also compared with their petroleum-based counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Derradji
- UER Procédés Energétiques, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Oussama Mehelli
- UER Procédés Energétiques, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Composite Materials, Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
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Wang C, Shi M, Fang L, Dai M, Huang G, Sun J, Fang Q. The bio-based phthalocyanine resins with high Tg and high char yield derived from vanillin. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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He X, Chen M, Wu H, Liao S, Luo Y, Hu J, Zeng K, Yang G. A novel, facile and straightforward approach to achieve high-performance and efficient utilization of sustainable tyrosine cyclic peptide. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Chen M, He X, Guo Y, Hu J, Liang B, Zeng K, Yang G. A new molecular design platform for high-performance polymers from versatile bio-based tyramine: a case study of tyramine-derived phthalonitrile resin. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01322f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tyramine was first introduced into high-performance polymers as a promising monomer platform; the derived phthalonitrile resin exhibits excellent thermal stability and a high Tg value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Xian He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Jianghuai Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Zeng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
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Li K, Yin H, Yang K, Dai P, Han L, Xu R. Synthesis and properties of phthalonitrile-based resins containing spirocycle acetal. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320977594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Designing novel low-melting, high-rigidity phthalonitrile resin is of great significance in the current context of development. In this study, rigid spirocycle acetal structure was introduced into phthalonitrile to reduce the melting point and maintain their thermal stability. The chemical structure of resins was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The curing behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal stability and mechanical properties of the cured resins were investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The processability was studied by rheological analysis. The results indicated the three monomers had a low melting temperature, wide processing windows and low viscosities. These polymers did not exhibit Tg from room temperature to 400°C, exhibited superb dynamic mechanical property and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yin
- Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radiation Advanced Materials, Beijing Research Center for Radiation Application, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Han
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Riwei Xu
- Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Study on the phthalonitrile cured via bio-tyrosine cyclic peptide: Achieving good thermal properties under low post-curing temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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He X, Wang T, Pan Z, Dayo AQ, Wang J, Liu W. Curing characteristics, kinetics, and thermal properties of multifunctional fluorene benzoxazines containing hydroxyl groups. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan‐Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
- Xi'an Aerospace Composites Research Institute China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Zhong‐Cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Dayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta Pakistan
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Wen‐Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
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Yang R, Wang Y, Hao B, Zhang K. Synthesis of ortho-methyltetrahydrophthalimide functional benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile group: Thermally activated polymerization behaviors and properties of its polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320954519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel benzoxazine monomers, oHMTI-a and oHMTI-pn, have been obtained via the modified Mannich condensation from ortho-4-methyltetrahydrophalimide functional phenol, paraformaldehyde, and aniline/4-aminophthalonitrile, respectively. The chemical structures of both benzoxazine monomers have been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Their polymerization processes are investigated using in-situ FT-IR and different scanning calorimetry (DSC). Specifically, the phthalonitrile group in oHMTI-pn can react at a relatively lower temperature without adding any catalysts, which suggests the presence of the thermal synergistic polymerization effect in this benzoxazine monomer. In addition, the thermal and fire related properties of the resulting polybenzoxazines are evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC). The polybenzoxazine derived from oHMTI-pn shows both high thermal stability and outstanding flame retardancy, with a T g of 350°C, a T d10 value of 417°C, a high char yield value of 65%, and a very low heat release capacity value of 35.2 J/(g·K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Boran Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Zu Y, Zhang F, Chen D, Zong L, Wang J, Jian X. Wave-transparent composites based on phthalonitrile resins with commendable thermal properties and dielectric performance. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Zhang H, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhou H. Novolac/Phenol-Containing Phthalonitrile Blends: Curing Characteristics and Composite Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010126. [PMID: 31948093 PMCID: PMC7023153 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenol-containing phthalonitrile resin is a kind of self-curing phthalonitrile resin with high-temperature resistance and excellent properties. However, the onefold phthalonitrile resin is unattainable to cured completely, and the brittleness of the cured product is non-negligible. This paper focuses on solving the above problems by blending novolac resin into phenol-containing phthalonitrile. Under the action of abundant hydroxyl group, the initial curing temperature and gelation time at 170 °C decrease by 88 °C and 2820 s, respectively, monitored by DSC and rheological analysis. FT-IR spectra of copolymers showed that the addition of novolac increased the conversion rate of nitrile. When the novolac mass fraction is 10%, the peak of nitrile group disappears, which means the complete reaction. The mechanical test of blends composites shows that the maximum fracture strain of 10 wt% novolac addition is 122% higher than those of neat phthalonitrile composites on account of the introduction of flexible novolac chain segments. The mechanical properties are sensitive to elevated post-cured temperature; this is consistent with the result of morphological investigation using SEM. Finally, the dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature heightened with the increase of novolac content and post-curing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-0451-8640-2376 (B.W.); +86-010-6256-2750 (H.Z.)
| | - Yanna Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Heng Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Material, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-0451-8640-2376 (B.W.); +86-010-6256-2750 (H.Z.)
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Liu C, Sun M, Zhang B, Zhang X, Xue G, Zhang X. Curing kinetics, thermal and adhesive properties of phthalonitrile/aromatic diamine systems. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Lyu Y, Ishida H. Natural-sourced benzoxazine resins, homopolymers, blends and composites: A review of their synthesis, manufacturing and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Liu Y, Liu ZZ, Peng WF, Lu Z, Hu JH, Zeng K, Yang G. Inspiration from a new lignin-derived phthalonitrile resin: Unique curing behavior, and thermal properties. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Liu C, Sun M, Zhang B, Zhang X, Xue G, Zhang X. Diamine-functional bisphthalonitrile: Synthesis, characterization and its application in curing epoxy resin. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Synthesis of novel multi-functional fluorene-based benzoxazine resins: Polymerization behaviour, curing kinetics, and thermal properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Chen YP, He XY, Dayo AQ, Wang JY, Liu WB, Wang J, Tang T. Synthesis and characterization of cardanol containing tetra-functional fluorene-based benzoxazine resin having two different oxazine ring structures. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Dayo AQ, Zhang L, Wang J, Liu W, Kiran S, Zegaoui A, Ghouti HA, Arse YB. Study of gamma‐ray radiation effects on series of bisphthalonitrile resins: Thermomechanical, mechanical, and thermal properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer Dayo
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical EngineeringBalochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta 87300 Pakistan
| | - Li‐li Zhang
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐bin Liu
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Sadia Kiran
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Abdeldjalil Zegaoui
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Hamid Abdelhafid Ghouti
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yitagesu Bereket Arse
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
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Zu Y, Zong L, Wang J, Jian X. Enhanced thermal property via tunable bisphenol moieties in branched phthalonitrile thermoset. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Chen YP, Dayo AQ, Zhang HY, Wang AR, Wang J, Liu WB, Yang Y, Qin QR, Yang YG. Synthesis of cardanol-based phthalonitrile monomer and its copolymerization with phenol-aniline-based benzoxazine. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Chen
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Dayo
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences; Quetta 87300 Pakistan
| | - Hui-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - An-ran Wang
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-bin Liu
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Rui Qin
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Gang Yang
- Institute of Composite Materials, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
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31
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Copolymerization of mono and difunctional benzoxazine monomers with bio-based phthalonitrile monomer: Curing behaviour, thermal, and mechanical properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Ji P, Yu X, Naito K, Zhang Q. Synthesis and properties of a novel high-temperature vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318801911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile monomer, 2,6-bis[3-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)styryl]pyridine (BDSP), was resoundingly produced by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,6-bis(3-hydroxystyryl)pyridine with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate. The chemical structure of the synthesized BDSP was confirmed by proton (1H) and carbon (12C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The curing behavior of BDSP was investigated by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The resin showed a low complex viscosity in the wide processing window between the monomer melting temperature and the curing temperature of the polymer, as discovered by rheological analysis. In addition, the properties of the polymer were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Based on the test results, the BDSP polymer demonstrated superior processing performance, excellent thermal stability, outstanding mechanical properties, and low water uptake, and these advanced performance characteristics are critical to many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Puguang Ji
- Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- Hybrid Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-scale Boron Nitride Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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