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Espuche B, Moya SE, Calderón M. Nanogels: Smart tools to enlarge the therapeutic window of gene therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123864. [PMID: 38309484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy can potentially treat a great number of diseases, from cancer to rare genetic disorders. Very recently, the development and emergency approval of nucleic acid-based COVID-19 vaccines confirmed its strength and versatility. However, gene therapy encounters limitations due to the lack of suitable carriers to vectorize therapeutic genetic material inside target cells. Nanogels are highly hydrated nano-size crosslinked polymeric networks that have been used in many biomedical applications, from drug delivery to tissue engineering and diagnostics. Due to their easy production, tunability, and swelling properties they have called the attention as promising vectors for gene delivery. In this review, nanogels are discussed as vectors for nucleic acid delivery aiming to enlarge gene therapy's therapeutic window. Recent works highlighting the optimization of inherent transfection efficiency and biocompatibility are reviewed here. The importance of the monomer choice, along with the internal structure, surface decoration, and responsive features are outlined for the different transfection modalities. The possible sources of toxicological endpoints in nanogels are analyzed, and the strategies to limit them are compared. Finally, perspectives are discussed to identify the remining challenges for the nanogels before their translation to the market as transfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Espuche
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
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2
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Leer K, Reichel LS, Wilhelmi M, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tailoring Gene Transfer Efficacy through the Arrangement of Cationic and Anionic Blocks in Triblock Copolymer Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2024:158-165. [PMID: 38230657 PMCID: PMC10883036 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The arrangement of charged segments in triblock copolymer micelles affects the gene delivery potential of polymeric micelles and can increase the level of gene expression when an anionic segment is incorporated in the outer shell. Triblock copolymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerzation with narrow molar mass distributions and assembled into micelles with a hydrophobic core from poly(n-butyl acrylate). The ionic shell contained either (i) an anionic segment followed by a cationic segment (HAC micelles) or (ii) a cationic block followed by an anionic block (HCA micelles). The pH-responsive anionic block contained 2-carboxyethyl acrylamide (CEAm), while the cationic block comprised 3-guanidinopropyl acrylamide (GPAm). Increasing the molar content of CEAm in HAC and HCA micelles from 6 to 13 mol % improved cytocompatibility and the endosomal escape property, while the HCA micelle with the highest mol % of anionic charges in the outer shell exhibited the highest gene expression. It became evident that improved membrane interaction of the best performing HCA micelle contributed to achieving high gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Leer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Liên S Reichel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mara Wilhelmi
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Recent Advances in the Application of ATRP in the Synthesis of Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051234. [PMID: 36904474 PMCID: PMC10007417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have enabled the precise design and preparation of nanostructured polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This paper briefly summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of bio-therapeutics for drug delivery based on linear and branched block copolymers and bioconjugates using ATRP, which have been tested in drug delivery systems (DDSs) over the past decade. An important trend is the rapid development of a number of smart DDSs that can release bioactive materials in response to certain external stimuli, either physical (e.g., light, ultrasound, or temperature) or chemical factors (e.g., changes in pH values and/or environmental redox potential). The use of ATRPs in the synthesis of polymeric bioconjugates containing drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as systems applied in combination therapies, has also received considerable attention.
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Grishin ID. New Approaches to Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Their Realization in the Synthesis of Functional Polymers and Hybrid Macromolecular Structures. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222700035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hydrophilic Random Cationic Copolymers as Polyplex-Formation Vectors for DNA. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072650. [PMID: 35407982 PMCID: PMC9000809 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on the improvement and fabrication of polymeric systems as non-viral gene delivery carriers is required for their implementation in gene therapy. Random copolymers have not been extensively utilized for these purposes. In this regard, double hydrophilic poly[(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-co-(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] [P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA)] random copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The copolymers were further modified by quaternization of DMAEMA tertiary amine, producing the cationic P(QDMAEMA-co-OEGMA) derivatives. Fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy revealed the efficient interaction of copolymers aggregates with linear DNAs of different lengths, forming polyplexes, with the quaternized copolymer aggregates exhibiting stronger binding affinity. Light scattering techniques evidenced the formation of polyplexes whose size, molar mass, and surface charge strongly depend on the N/P ratio (nitrogen (N) of the amine group of DMAEMA/QDMAEMA over phosphate (P) groups of DNA), DNA length, and length of the OEGMA chain. Polyplexes presented colloidal stability under physiological ionic strength as shown by dynamic light scattering. In vitro cytotoxicity of the empty nanocarriers was evaluated on HEK293 as a control cell line. P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) copolymer aggregates were further assessed for their biocompatibility on 4T1, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T47D breast cancer cell lines presenting high cell viability rates.
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Li P, Zhang Y, Gong P, Liu Y, Feng W, Yang H. Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization combined with click chemistry for highly sensitive detection of tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Talanta 2021; 235:122803. [PMID: 34517661 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA (tRNA) based on click chemistry and photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) is developed for the first time. Herein, tRNA is recognized and captured by hairpin DNA immobilized on the gold electrode surface by Au-S self-assembly. Propyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (PBIB), a photoATRP initiator containing an alkyne group, is conjugated to the azide group of hairpin DNA via a Cu(I)-catalyzed azidoalkyl cyclization reaction (CuAAC). Under the irradiation of 470 nm blue light, photoATRP is activated by the photoredox catalyst (eosin Y, EY), resulting in the formation of a large number of electroactive probes (ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate, FMMA), which significantly amplifies the signal. Under the optimal experimental parameters, the strategy has a wide linear detection (0.1 pM-10 nM) (R2 = 0.995) with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 3.5 fM. In addition, the biosensor also exhibited good selectivity for mismatched bases, excellent stability and reproducibility. Moreover, satisfactory result was achieved when the biosensor was applied to the detection of tRNA from healthy rehmannia total RNA extracts, which demonstrates the great potential of the method in the practical detection of TMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gong
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Huaixia Yang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
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Cokca C, Hack FJ, Costabel D, Herwig K, Hülsmann J, Then P, Heintzmann R, Fischer D, Peneva K. PEGylation of Guanidinium and Indole Bearing Poly(methacrylamide)s - Biocompatible Terpolymers for pDNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100146. [PMID: 34310046 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the first example for shielding of a high performing terpolymer that consists of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), N-(3-guanidinopropyl)methacrylamide (GPMA), and N-(2-indolethyl)methacrylamide monomers (IEMA) by block copolymerization of a polyethylene glycol derivative - poly(nona(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (P(MEO9 MA)) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The molecular weight of P(MEO9 MA) is varied from 3 to 40 kg mol-1 while the comonomer content of HPMA, GPMA, and IEMA is kept comparable. The influence of P(MEO9 MA) block with various molecular weights is investigated over cytotoxicity, plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding, and transfection efficiency of the resulting polyplexes. Overall, the increase in molecular weight of P(MEO9 MA) block demonstrates excellent biocompatibility with higher cell viability in L-929 cells and an efficient binding to pDNA at N/P ratio of 2. The significant transfection efficiency in CHO-K1 cells at N/P ratio 20 is obtained for block copolymers with molecular weight of P(MEO9 MA) up to 10 kg mol-1 . Moreover, a fluorescently labeled analogue of P(MEO9 MA), bearing perylene monoimide methacrylamide (PMIM), is introduced as a comonomer in RAFT polymerization. Polyplexes consisting of labeled block copolymer with 20 kg mol-1 of P(MEO9 MA) and pDNA are incubated in Hela cells and investigated through structured illumination microscopy (SIM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Cokca
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Franz J Hack
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Daniel Costabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Kira Herwig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Juliana Hülsmann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Patrick Then
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Rainer Heintzmann
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, 07745, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena, 07743, Germany
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8
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de Ávila Gonçalves S, R Rodrigues P, Pioli Vieira R. Metal-Free Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100221. [PMID: 34223686 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a class of powerful techniques capable of synthesizing polymers with a well-defined structure, properties, and functionalities. Among the available RDRPs, ATRP is the most investigated. However, the necessity of a metal catalyst represents a drawback and limits its use for some applications. O-ATRP emerged as an alternative to traditional ATRP that uses organic compounds that catalyze polymerization under light irradiation instead of metal. The friendly nature and the robustness of O-ATRP allow its use in the synthesis of tailorable advanced materials with unique properties. In this review, the fundamental aspects of the reductive and oxidative quenching mechanism of O-ATRP are provided, as well as insights into each component and its role in the reaction. Besides, the breakthrough recent studies that applied O-ATRP for the synthesis of functional materials are presented, which illustrate the significant potential and impact of this technique across diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeny de Ávila Gonçalves
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Plínio R Rodrigues
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Roniérik Pioli Vieira
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
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Zhang Z, Wen Y, Song X, Zhu J, Li J. Nonviral DNA Delivery System with Supramolecular PEGylation Formed by Host-Guest Pseudo-Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5057-5070. [PMID: 35007054 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cationic supramolecular system based on host-guest pseudoblock copolymers was developed for nonviral DNA delivery. In this system, the macromolecular host was a cationic star-shaped polymer composed of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) core and multiple poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) chains grafted on the core, while the macromolecular guest was a linear adamantyl-ended poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-Ad). Pseudoblock copolymers were self-assembled from the polymeric host-guest pairs (typically, 1:1 molar ratio) in aqueous media through the inclusion of an adamantyl group at the end of guest polymer into the β-CD cavity of host polymers. Through such an approach, the resultant supramolecular system was integrated with not only a superior DNA condensing ability due to the host polymer but also an outstanding polyplex-stabilizing ability as well as biocompatibility due to the guest polymer. The cationic star-shaped host polymers alone were capable of condensing plasmid DNA efficiently into nanoparticles (70-100 nm) with positive surface charge. They showed obviously lower cytotoxicity than PEI 25K (commercial branched polyethylenimine with a molecular weight around 25 kDa) in cell lines of L929, MB231, and Hela under high dose. In serum-free or serum-containing culture conditions, these host polymers exhibited either higher or lower in vitro DNA transfection efficiency as compared with PEI 25K in the three cell lines under study, which was dependent on the N/P ratios and PDMAEMA arm length. Upon incorporation of the PEG block through host-guest complexation with mPEG-Ad (i.e., supramolecular PEGylation), the resulting host-guest supramolecular systems exhibited even lower cytotoxicity than the host polymers alone. The polyplexes between plasmid DNA (pDNA) and the host-guest systems showed significantly improved stability in BSA-PBS buffer solution (pH 7.4) and enhanced in vitro DNA transfection efficiency in the cases of higher N/P ratios or longer PDMAEMA arms in all tested cell lines under both serum-free and serum-containing culture conditions, as compared with the corresponding polyplexes without supramolecular PEGylation. Further, through forming pseudoblock copolymer, the DNA transfection ability of the supramolecular system can be easily modulated and optimized either by changing the ratio between the guest and host or by using different hosts with varied PDMAEMA arm lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Yuting Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Xia Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Jingling Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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Lugoloobi I, Maniriho H, Jia L, Namulinda T, Shi X, Zhao Y. Cellulose nanocrystals in cancer diagnostics and treatment. J Control Release 2021; 336:207-232. [PMID: 34102221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is currently a major threat to public health, being among the principal causes of death to the global population. With carcinogenesis mechanisms, cancer invasion, and metastasis remaining blurred, cancer diagnosis and novel drug delivery approaches should be developed urgently to enable management and treatment. A dream break-through would be a non-invasive instantaneous monitoring of cancer initiation and progression to fast-track diagnosis for timely specialist treatment decisions. These innovations would enhance the established treatment protocols, unlimited by evasive biological complexities during tumorigenesis. It is therefore contingent that emerging and future scientific technologies be equally biased towards such innovations by exploiting the apparent properties of new developments and materials especially nanomaterials. CNCs as nanomaterials have undisputable physical and excellent biological properties that enhanced their interest as biomedical materials. This article therefore highlights CNCs utility in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Their extraction, properties, modification, in-vivo/in-vitro medical applications, biocompatibility, challenges and future perspectives are precisely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Lugoloobi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hillary Maniriho
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liang Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Tabbisa Namulinda
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yili Zhao
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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da Silva RVDCA, Vieira RP. An Experimental and Computational Approach on Controlled Radical Photopolymerization of Limonene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Zaborniak I, Macior A, Chmielarz P. Stimuli-Responsive Rifampicin-Based Macromolecules. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3843. [PMID: 32878162 PMCID: PMC7503961 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the modification of the antibiotic rifampicin by an anionic polyelectrolyte using a simplified electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (seATRP) technique to receive stimuli-responsive polymer materials. Initially, a supramolecular ATRP initiator was prepared by an esterification reaction of rifampicin hydroxyl groups with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BriBBr). The structure of the initiator was successfully proved by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The prepared rifampicin-based macroinitiator was electrochemically investigated among various ATRP catalytic complexes, by a series of cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, determining the rate constants of electrochemical catalytic (EC') process. Macromolecules with rifampicin core and hydrophobic poly (n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) side chains were synthesized in a controlled manner, receiving polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.29 and 1.58, respectively). "Smart" polymer materials sensitive to pH changes were provided by transformation of tBA into acrylic acid (AA) moieties in a facile route by acidic hydrolysis. The pH-dependent behavior of prepared macromolecules was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) determining a hydrodynamic radius of polymers upon pH changes, followed by a control release of quercetin as a model active substance upon pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Macior
- School of Engineering and Technical Sciences, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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13
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Zaborniak I, Chmielarz P. Miniemulsion switchable electrolysis under constant current conditions. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry Rzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
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López‐Domínguez P, Clemente‐Montes DA, Vivaldo‐Lima E. Modeling of Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers Promoted by Redox Initiation Using NHPI and Xanthone. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio López‐Domínguez
- Facultad de Química Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Diego Alberto Clemente‐Montes
- Facultad de Química Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima
- Facultad de Química Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Institute for Polymer Research Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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15
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Zaborniak I, Surmacz K, Chmielarz P. Synthesis of sugar‐based macromolecules via
sono‐ATRP
in miniemulsion. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zaborniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Karolina Surmacz
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at Rzeszów University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryRzeszow University of Technology Rzeszów Poland
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