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Neurauter CG, Pannone M, Sousa MMLD, Wang W, Kuśnierczyk A, Luna L, Sætrom P, Scheffler K, Bjørås M. Enhanced glutathione levels confer resistance to apoptotic and ferroptotic programmed cell death in NEIL DNA glycosylase deficient HAP1 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:470-487. [PMID: 38301978 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The NTHL1 and NEIL1-3 DNA glycosylases are major enzymes in the removal of oxidative DNA base lesions, via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. It is expected that lack of these DNA glycosylases activities would render cells vulnerable to oxidative stress, promoting cell death. Intriguingly, we found that single, double, triple, and quadruple DNA glycosylase knockout HAP1 cells are, however, more resistant to oxidative stress caused by genotoxic agents than wild type cells. Furthermore, glutathione depletion in NEIL deficient cells further enhances resistance to cell death induced via apoptosis and ferroptosis. Finally, we observed higher basal level of glutathione and differential expression of NRF2-regulated genes associated with glutathione homeostasis in the NEIL triple KO cells. We propose that lack of NEIL DNA glycosylases causes aberrant transcription and subsequent errors in protein synthesis. This leads to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteotoxic stress. To counteract the elevated intracellular stress, an adaptive response mediated by increased glutathione basal levels, rises in these cells. This study reveals an unforeseen role of NEIL glycosylases in regulation of resistance to oxidative stress, suggesting that modulation of NEIL glycosylase activities is a potential approach to improve the efficacy of e.g. anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gran Neurauter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway.
| | - Marco Pannone
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core Facility (PROMEC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Luisa Luna
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway.
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Neurology, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, 7006, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, 0424, Norway; Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.
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Cui X, Mi T, Xiao X, Zhang H, Dong Y, Huang N, Gao P, Lee J, Guelakis M, Gu X. Topical glutathione amino acid precursors protect skin against environmental and oxidative stress. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38 Suppl 3:3-11. [PMID: 38189670 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although glutathione (GSH) has long been considered a master antioxidant, poor stability and bioavailability limit its application in skin protection. To overcome the challenges, Unilever R&D formulated a Glutathione Amino acid Precursors blend (named GAP) to boost GSH de novo synthesis. OBJECTIVE Determine whether GAP can boost GSH levels and provide skin protection against stressors. METHODS Normal human epidermal keratinocytes were treated with GAP, with or without stressors, namely, menadione, blue light or pollutants. Ascorbic acid was used as a benchmark. The levels of GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified. A placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted on 21 female subjects who received product applications and subsequent UV radiation. Tape strip samples were collected from the subjects for GSH and GSSG quantification using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The UV-protective effect of GAP was investigated using ex vivo skin. Biomarkers related to DNA damage and the skin barrier were analysed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Glutathione amino acid precursors significantly increased the GSH levels and GSH/GSSG ratio in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Menadione treatment resulted in excessive ROS production and a decline in ATP levels, which were effectively abrogated by GAP. The protective effects of GAP against menadione-induced oxidative stress were superior to those of ascorbic acid. In addition, GAP effectively protected the cells against blue light-induced ROS production and pollutant-induced ATP depletion. Topical application of the GAP formulation significantly elevated the skin GSH/GSSG ratio in a clinical study. Ex vivo skin treated with the GAP formulation displayed a reduction in DNA damage and high levels of barrier proteins after UV exposure. CONCLUSIONS Glutathione amino acid precursors effectively increases cellular GSH levels to protect the skin from oxidative and environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cui
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xue Xiao
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Nan Huang
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Lee
- Unilever R&D Trumbull, Trumbull, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Xuelan Gu
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Gianì F, Allia F, Trovato MA, Masto R, Pellegriti G, Vigneri R. Antioxidant Defense Capacity Is Reduced in Thyroid Stem/Precursor Cells Compared to Differentiated Thyrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11509. [PMID: 37511265 PMCID: PMC10380350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much evidence linking oxidative stress to thyroid cancer, and stem cells are thought to play a key role in the tumor-initiating mechanism. Their vulnerability to oxidative stress is unexplored. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the antioxidant capacity of stem/precursor thyroid cells and mature thyrocytes. Human stem/precursor cells and mature thyrocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of menadione, an oxidative-stress-producing agent, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell viability were measured. The expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes was measured via qPCR as well as the total antioxidant capacity and the content of glutathione. Menadione elevated ROS generation in stem/precursor thyroid cells more than in mature thyrocytes. The ROS increase was inversely correlated (p = 0.005) with cell viability, an effect that was partially prevented by the antioxidant curcumin. Most thyroid antioxidant defense genes, notably those encoding for the glutathione-generating system and phase I detoxification enzymes, were significantly less expressed in stem/precursor thyroid cells. As a result, the glutathione level and the total antioxidant capacity in stem/precursor thyroid cells were significantly decreased. This reduced antioxidant defense may have clinical implications, making stem/precursor thyroid cells critical targets for environmental conditions that are not detrimental for differentiated thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Gianì
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Allia
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Masto
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pellegriti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
- Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, 95122 Catania, Italy
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Nikitchenko YV, Klochkov VK, Kavok NS, Karpenko NA, Yefimova SL, Semynozhenko VP, Nikitchenko IV, Bozhkov AI. CeO2 nanoparticles improve prooxidant/antioxidant balance, life quality and survival of old male rats. Biogerontology 2023; 24:47-66. [PMID: 36030453 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique redox chemistry, nanoceria is considered as potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant. However, their protective capacity in aging organisms remains controversial. To detect the anti-aging effects associated with the redox activity of 2 and 10 nm nano-CeO2, different test systems were used, including in vitro analysis, in situ assay of mitochondria function and in vivo studies of suitable nano-CeO2 on aging of male Wistar rats from 22 months-old to the end of life. The 2 nm nanoparticles exhibited not only antioxidant (·OH scavenging; chemiluminescence assay; decomposition of H2O2, phosphatidylcholine autooxidation) but also prooxidant properties (reduced glutathione and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidation) as well as affected mitochondria whereas in most test systems 10 nm nano-CeO2 showed less activity or was inert. Prolonged use of the more redox active 2 nm nano-CeO2 (0.25-0.3 mg/kg/day) in vivo with drinking water resulted in improvement in physiological parameters and normalization of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in liver and blood of aging animals. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curve and Gehan tests with Yates' correction showed that by the time the prooxidant-antioxidant balance was assessed (32 months), survival rates exceeded the control values most considerably. The apparent median survival for the control rats was 900 days, and for the experimental rats-960 days. In general, the data obtained indicate the ability of extra-small 2 nm nano-CeO2 to improve quality of life and increase the survival rate of an aging organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Nikitchenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir K Klochkov
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya S Kavok
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine.
| | - Nina A Karpenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana L Yefimova
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir P Semynozhenko
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystal", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Irina V Nikitchenko
- Research Institute of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq, 4, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Anatoly I Bozhkov
- Research Institute of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq, 4, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
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Xi Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Chen X, Liu X, Grune T, Shi L, Hou M, Liu Z. Effects of methionine intake on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment patients and APP/PS1 Alzheimer's Disease model mice: Role of the cystathionine-β-synthase/H 2S pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102595. [PMID: 36608589 PMCID: PMC9813720 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a dietary intervention, methionine restriction (MR) has been reported to increase longevity and improve metabolism disorders. However, the effects of MR on alleviating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are largely unexplored. Here we sought to investigate the neuroprotective effects of low methionine intake in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and APP/PS1 AD model mice, and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. In a cohort composed of 45 individuals diagnosed with MCI and 61 healthy controls without cognitive impairment, methionine intake was found to be positively associated with the increased risk of MCI, where no sex differences were observed. We further conducted a 16-week MR intervention (0.17% methionine, w/w) on APP/PS1 AD model mice. Although MR reduced Aβ accumulation in the brain of both male and female APP/PS1 mice, MR improved cognitive function only in male mice, as assessed by the Morris water maze test. Consistently, MR restored synapse ultrastructure and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain of male APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, MR effectively balanced the redox status and activated cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/H2S pathway in the brain of male APP/PS1 mice. Together, our study indicated that lower dietary methionine intake is associated with improved cognitive function, in which CBS/H2S pathway plays an essential role. MR could be a promising nutritional intervention for preventing AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Min Hou
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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6
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Nikitchenko YV, Klochkov VK, Kavok NS, Averchenko KA, Karpenko NA, Nikitchenko IV, Yefimova SL, Bozhkov AI. Anti-aging Effects of Antioxidant Rare-Earth Orthovanadate Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4183-4192. [PMID: 33409911 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical application of rare-earth-based nanoparticles attracts much attention due to their unique optical and redox properties and quite low toxicity. Earlier, we found age-related beneficial effects of rare-earth-based orthovanadate nanoparticles (OV NPs) on the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in liver and blood of Wistar rats, as reported by Nikitchenko et al. (Biol Trace Elem Res (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02196-7 ). However, the question remained unclear whether OV NPs' redox activity directly defines the protection ability. In the present work, antiradical, antioxidant, and membrane-protective properties of GdYVO4/Eu3+ NPs (1-2 nm), GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs (8 × 25 nm), LaVO4/Eu3+ (57 × 8 nm) were assayed in a comparative manner in various model systems. All OV NPs demonstrated the protective properties, but extra-small GdYVO4/Eu3+ NPs revealed the weakest antioxidant efficacy. In isolated mitochondria, OV NPs lowered (most evidently-extra-small NPs) respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as ATP concentration. We conclude that not only the direct antioxidant effect but also slight suppression of bioenergetic processes by the OV NPs as well as the triggering of GSH-dependent antioxidant system may represent the principal mechanisms of their beneficial influences in an aged organism. This statement is consistent with improvement of the oxidative balance of 33-month-old rats due to prolonged administration of GdVO4 /Eu3+ NPs (for 11 months) accompanied by retention of the GSH signaling of the old rats at the level of 12 months mature animals. Consequently, an increase of antioxidant defense upon prolonged usage of OV NPs will lead to oxidative balance stabilization increasing the health span and survival of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Nikitchenko
- Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir K Klochkov
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya S Kavok
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine.
| | - Kateryna A Averchenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Nina A Karpenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | | | - Svetlana L Yefimova
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Anatoly I Bozhkov
- Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
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Ramnarine TJS, Grath S, Parsch J. Natural variation in the transcriptional response of Drosophila melanogaster to oxidative stress. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 12:6409858. [PMID: 34747443 PMCID: PMC8727983 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Broadly distributed species must cope with diverse and changing environmental conditions, including various forms of stress. Cosmopolitan populations of Drosophila melanogaster are more tolerant to oxidative stress than those from the species’ ancestral range in sub-Saharan Africa, and the degree of tolerance is associated with an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of the Metallothionein A (MtnA) gene that varies clinally in frequency. We examined oxidative stress tolerance and the transcriptional response to oxidative stress in cosmopolitan and sub-Saharan African populations of D. melanogaster, including paired samples with allelic differences at the MtnA locus. We found that the effect of the MtnA polymorphism on oxidative stress tolerance was dependent on the genomic background, with the deletion allele increasing tolerance only in a northern, temperate population. Genes that were differentially expressed under oxidative stress included MtnA and other metallothioneins, as well as those involved in glutathione metabolism and other genes known to be part of the oxidative stress response or the general stress response. A gene coexpression analysis revealed further genes and pathways that respond to oxidative stress including those involved in additional metabolic processes, autophagy, and apoptosis. There was a significant overlap among the genes induced by oxidative and cold stress, which suggests a shared response pathway to these two stresses. Interestingly, the MtnA deletion was associated with consistent changes in the expression of many genes across all genomic backgrounds, regardless of the expression level of the MtnA gene itself. We hypothesize that this is an indirect effect driven by the loss of microRNA binding sites within the MtnA 3′ untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J S Ramnarine
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Sonja Grath
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - John Parsch
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
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8
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Magesh P, Thankachan S, Venkatesh T, Suresh PS. Breast cancer fibroblasts and cross-talk. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:158-169. [PMID: 34270953 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The breast tumor microenvironment is one of the crucial elements supporting breast cancer tumor progression and metastasis. The fibroblasts are the chief cellular component of the stromal microenvironment and are pathologically activated and differentiated into breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The catabolic phenotype of breast CAFs arises due to metabolic reprogramming of these fibroblasts under pseudo-hypoxic conditions. The metabolic intermediates and ATP produced by the breast CAFs are exploited by the neighboring cancer cells for energy generation. The growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines secreted by the CAFs help fuel tumor growth, invasion, and dissemination. Moreover, the interplay between breast CAFs and cancer cells, mediated by the growth factors, ROS, metabolic intermediates, exosomes, and catabolite transporters, aids in building a favorable microenvironment that promotes cancer cell proliferation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Therefore, identifying effective means to target the reprogrammed metabolism of the breast CAFs and the cross-communication between CAFs and cancer cells serve as promising strategies to develop anti-cancer therapeutics. Henceforth, the scope of the present review ranges from discussing the underlying characteristics of breast CAFs, mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in breast CAFs, and the nature of interactions between breast CAFs and cancer cells to studying the intricacies of reprogrammed metabolism targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanila Magesh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Sanu Thankachan
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, India
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.
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9
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Kwon Y. Possible Beneficial Effects of N-Acetylcysteine for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:169. [PMID: 33498875 PMCID: PMC7911701 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a widely used antioxidant with therapeutic potential. However, the cancer-promoting effect of NAC observed in some preclinical studies has raised concerns regarding its clinical use. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can mediate signaling that results in both cancer-promoting and cancer-suppressing effects. The beneficial effect of NAC may depend on whether the type of cancer relies on ROS signaling for its survival and metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has aggressive phenotypes and is currently treated with standard chemotherapy as the main systemic treatment option. Particularly, basal-like TNBC cells characterized by inactivated BRCA1 and mutated TP53 produce high ROS levels and rely on ROS signaling for their survival and malignant progression. In addition, the high ROS levels in TNBC cells can mediate the interplay between cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment (TME) to trigger the recruitment and conversion of stromal cells and induce hypoxic responses, thus leading to the creation of cancer-supportive TMEs and increased cancer aggressiveness. However, NAC treatment effectively reduces the ROS production and ROS-mediated signaling that contribute to cell survival, metastasis, and drug resistance in TNBC cells. Therefore, the inclusion of NAC in standard chemotherapy could probably provide additional benefits for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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10
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Hunsberger HC, Greenwood BP, Tolstikov V, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Denny CA. Divergence in the metabolome between natural aging and Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12171. [PMID: 32699218 PMCID: PMC7376199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder and one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Although amyloid plaques and fibrillary tangles are hallmarks of AD, research suggests that pathology associated with AD often begins 20 or more years before symptoms appear. Therefore, it is essential to identify early-stage biomarkers in those at risk for AD and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) in order to develop preventative treatments. Here, we used an untargeted metabolomics analysis to define system-level alterations following cognitive decline in aged and APP/PS1 (AD) mice. At 6, 12, and 24 months of age, both control (Ctrl) and AD mice were tested in a 3-shock contextual fear conditioning (CFC) paradigm to assess memory decline. AD mice exhibited memory deficits across age and these memory deficits were also seen in naturally aged mice. Prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HPC), and spleen were then collected and analyzed for metabolomic alterations. A number of significant pathways were altered between Ctrl and AD mice and naturally aged mice. By identifying systems-level alterations following ARCD and AD, these data could provide insights into disease mechanisms and advance the development of biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Hunsberger
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), NYSPI Kolb Research Annex, Room 777, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 87, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christine Ann Denny
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), NYSPI Kolb Research Annex, Room 777, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 87, New York, NY, USA.
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Thomas NO, Shay KP, Hagen TM. Age-related loss of mitochondrial glutathione exacerbates menadione-induced inhibition of Complex I. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101155. [PMID: 30851669 PMCID: PMC6406584 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) in the enhanced age-related susceptibility to xenobiotic toxicity is not well defined. We determined mGSH status and indices of mitochondrial bioenergetics in hepatocytes from young and old F344 rats treated with 300 μM menadione, a concentration that causes 50% cell death in old. At this concentration, mGSH was significantly lost only in hepatocytes from old rats, and with near total depletion due to lower basal mGSH in aged cells. In old hepatocytes, menadione caused mitochondrial membrane potential to collapse, as well as significant deficits in maximal O2 consumption and respiratory reserve capacity, indicators of cellular bioenergetic resiliency. Further examination revealed that the menadione-mediated loss of respiratory reserve capacity in aged hepatocytes was from significant inhibition of Complex I activity and increased proton leak, for which an increase in Complex II activity was not able to compensate. These data demonstrate an age-related increase in mitochondrial susceptibility to a redox-cycling challenge, particularly in regards to Complex I activity, and provide a plausible mechanism to link this vulnerability to mGSH perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O Thomas
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-6512, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-7305, USA
| | - Kate P Shay
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-6512, USA
| | - Tory M Hagen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-6512, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-7305, USA.
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KANG SEUNGROK, LEE YOUNGCHOON, HONG CHULUN, YU CHANGHO, KWON TAEKYU. THE EFFECT OF MUSCLE STRENGTH AND AEROBIC FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY ACCORDING TO EXERCISE LOAD PATTERN USING INDOOR SMALL CYCLING SYSTEM. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519418400407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We were investigating the muscle strength and aerobic function effect on the aged according to active and passive load using compact cycle system. We recruited twenty old participants and they performed shoulder rotating, upper cycling and lower cycling exercise. We measured the muscular activity, respiratory gas analysis and body heat. The result of muscular activity showed that the passive load could cause muscular activity at 15.4–65.9% compared to active load. We thought that the passive exercise could provide the prevention of spasticity and maintain effect of remaining muscle function in the elderly by caused muscular activity over 50%. The result of oxygen consumption showed that it is the active exercise that used the bigger oxygen consumption at 42.4% during lower cycling. We thought that the active exercise used the big muscles of lower limbs including trunk muscles during lower cycling. The result of body temperature showed that it rises with increase in oxygen consumption and heart rate, and it increased the bigger for lower cycling. The foundation of this study could apply to fundamental research for developing exercise load of indoor rehabilitation exercise system with convenience and easy use to the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- SEUNG-ROK KANG
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju Baekje-Daero 567, South Korea
| | - YOUNG-CHOON LEE
- Reginal Industry Promotion Office, Chonbuk Technopark, Jeonju 110-5, Banryong-ro, South Korea
| | - CHUL-UN HONG
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju Baekje-Daero 567, South Korea
| | - CHANG HO YU
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju Baekje-Daero 567, South Korea
| | - TAE-KYU KWON
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju Baekje-Daero 567, South Korea
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Myers AL, Harris CM, Choe KM, Brennan CA. Inflammatory production of reactive oxygen species by Drosophila hemocytes activates cellular immune defenses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:726-732. [PMID: 30292413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a prominent response to infection among innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. To better understand the relationship between antimicrobial and regulatory functions of blood cell ROS, we have characterized the ROS response to infection in Drosophila hemocytes. Using fluorescent probes, we find a biphasic hemocyte ROS response to bacterial infection. In the first hour, virtually all hemocytes generate a transient ROS signal, with nonphagocytic cells including prohemocytes and crystal cells displaying exceptionally strong responses. A distinct, and more delayed ROS response starting at 90 min is primarily within cells that have engulfed bacteria, and is sustained for several hours. The early response has a clear regulatory function, as dampening or intensifying the intracellular ROS level has profound effects on plasmatocyte activation. In addition, ROS are necessary and sufficient to activate JNK signalling in crystal cells, and to promote JNK-dependent crystal cell rupture. These findings indicate that Drosophila will be a promising model in which to dissect the mechanisms of ROS stimulation of immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Myers
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Caitlin M Harris
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Kwang-Min Choe
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Catherine A Brennan
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA.
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Oxidative Stress and Effect of Treatment on the Oxidation Product Decomposition Processes in IBD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7918261. [PMID: 30057685 PMCID: PMC6051053 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7918261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in IBD because chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress, which has been implicated in IBD. Many lines of evidence suggest that IBD is associated with an imbalance between ROS and antioxidant activity which generates oxidative stress as the result of either ROS overproduction or a decrease in antioxidant activity. Our study was to evaluate the influence of oxidative stress and antioxidants on the course of the disease and treatment of IBD patients. Our results show that an increase of LOOH levels positively correlates with an increase in MDA levels; therefore, MDA may be a marker indicating lipid peroxidation. Also, being the decomposition product of oxidation processes, MDA may be applied as a useful biomarker for identifying the effect of endogenous oxidative stress in Crohn's disease patients. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of AZA drugs may be the result of a reduction of the amount of lipid peroxides in the intestinal mucosa cells in CD patients and facilitate mucosal healing.
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