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Park S, Rahaman KA, Kim YC, Jeon H, Han HS. Fostering tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to treat musculoskeletal disorders in bone and muscle. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:345-365. [PMID: 38978804 PMCID: PMC11228556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system, which is vital for movement, support, and protection, can be impaired by disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and muscular dystrophy. This review focuses on the advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, specifically aimed at alleviating these disorders. It explores the roles of cell therapy, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs), biomaterials, and biomolecules/external stimulations in fostering bone and muscle regeneration. The current research underscores the potential of MSCs and ADSCs despite the persistent challenges of cell scarcity, inconsistent outcomes, and safety concerns. Moreover, integrating exogenous materials such as scaffolds and external stimuli like electrical stimulation and growth factors shows promise in enhancing musculoskeletal regeneration. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive studies and adopting innovative techniques together to refine and advance these multi-therapeutic strategies, ultimately benefiting patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Park
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandoker Asiqur Rahaman
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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2
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Fan H, Tan Y. Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Contacts in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6878. [PMID: 38999988 PMCID: PMC11240910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The orchestration of cellular metabolism and redox balance is a complex, multifaceted process crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Lipid droplets (LDs), once considered inert storage depots for neutral lipids, are now recognized as dynamic organelles critical in lipid metabolism and energy regulation. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, play a central role in energy production, metabolic pathways, and redox signaling. The physical and functional contacts between LDs and mitochondria facilitate a direct transfer of lipids, primarily fatty acids, which are crucial for mitochondrial β-oxidation, thus influencing energy homeostasis and cellular health. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the mechanisms governing LD-mitochondria interactions and their regulation, drawing attention to proteins and pathways that mediate these contacts. We discuss the physiological relevance of these interactions, emphasizing their role in maintaining energy and redox balance within cells, and how these processes are critical in response to metabolic demands and stress conditions. Furthermore, we explore the pathological implications of dysregulated LD-mitochondria interactions, particularly in the context of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their potential links to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusively, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of LD-mitochondria interactions, underscoring their significance in cellular metabolism and suggesting future research directions that could unveil novel therapeutic targets for metabolic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Fan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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3
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Summers BS, Thomas Broome S, Pang TWR, Mundell HD, Koh Belic N, Tom NC, Ng ML, Yap M, Sen MK, Sedaghat S, Weible MW, Castorina A, Lim CK, Lovelace MD, Brew BJ. A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241248287. [PMID: 38757094 PMCID: PMC11097742 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241248287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are ubiquitously found in various tissues and organs in the body, and underpin the body's ability to repair itself following injury or disease initiation, though repair can sometimes be compromised. Understanding how stem cells are produced, and functional signaling systems between different niches is critical to understanding the potential use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this context, this review considers kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in multipotent adult progenitor cells, embryonic, haematopoietic, neural, cancer, cardiac and induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. The KP is the major enzymatic pathway for sequentially catabolising the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP), resulting in key metabolites including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid (QUIN). QUIN metabolism transitions into the adjoining de novo pathway for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production, a critical cofactor in many fundamental cellular biochemical pathways. How stem cells uptake and utilise TRP varies between different species and stem cell types, because of their expression of transporters and responses to inflammatory cytokines. Several KP metabolites are physiologically active, with either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, and evidence of this is presented relating to several stem cell types, which is important as they may exert a significant impact on surrounding differentiated cells, particularly if they metabolise or secrete metabolites differently. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mesenchymal stromal cells, for instance, highly upregulates rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), initiating TRP depletion and production of metabolites including kynurenine/kynurenic acid, known agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. AhR transcriptionally regulates an immunosuppressive phenotype, making them attractive for regenerative therapy. We also draw attention to important gaps in knowledge for future studies, which will underpin future application for stem cell-based cellular therapies or optimising drugs which can modulate the KP in innate stem cell populations, for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sebastian Summers
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomas Broome
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Hamish D Mundell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi Koh Belic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole C Tom
- Formerly of the Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mei Li Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maylin Yap
- Formerly of the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Monokesh K Sen
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Sedaghat
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael W Weible
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael D Lovelace
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Zaripova LN, Midgley A, Christmas SE, Beresford MW, Pain C, Baildam EM, Oldershaw RA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16040. [PMID: 38003230 PMCID: PMC10671211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate immune responses and maintain self-tolerance. Their trophic activities and regenerative properties make them potential immunosuppressants for treating autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. MSCs are drawn to sites of injury and inflammation where they can both reduce inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration. An increased understanding of the role of MSCs in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders has revealed that MSCs are passive targets in the inflammatory process, becoming impaired by it and exhibiting loss of immunomodulatory activity. MSCs have been considered as potential novel cell therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, which at present have only disease modifying rather than curative treatment options. MSCs are emerging as potential therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Clinical application of MSCs in rare cases of severe disease in which other existing treatment modalities have failed, have demonstrated potential use in treating multiple diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and COVID-19 pneumonia. This review explores the biological mechanisms behind the role of MSCs in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. It also covers their immunomodulatory capabilities, potential therapeutic applications, and the challenges and risks associated with MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina N. Zaripova
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, National Scientific Medical Center, 42 Abylai Khan Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Angela Midgley
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Stephen E. Christmas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, The Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK;
| | - Michael W. Beresford
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Clare Pain
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Eileen M. Baildam
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, The Alexandra Hospital, Mill Lane, Cheadle SK8 2PX, UK;
| | - Rachel A. Oldershaw
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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Sun J, Zhang W, Wei ZZ, Song X, Jian L, Jiang F, Wang S, Li H, Zhang Y, Tuo H. Mesenchymal stromal cell biotherapy for Parkinson's disease premotor symptoms. Chin Neurosurg J 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 37833807 PMCID: PMC10571301 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-023-00338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with motor deficits due to nigrostriatal dopamine depletion and with the non-motor/premotor symptoms (NMS) such as anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, depression, hyposmia, and sleep disorders. NMS is presented in at least one-fifth of the patients with PD. With the histological information being investigated, stem cells are shown to provide neurotrophic supports and cellular replacement in the damaging brain areas under PD conditions. Pathological change of progressive PD includes degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. The current stem cell beneficial effect addresses dopamine boost for the striatal neurons and gliovascular mechanisms as competing for validated PD drug targets. In addition, there are clinical interventions for improving the patient's NMS and targeting their autonomic dysfunction, dementia, mood disorders, or sleep problems. In our and many others' research using brain injury models, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells demonstrate an additional and unique ability to alleviate depressive-like behaviors, independent of an accelerated motor recovery. Intranasal delivery of the stem cells is discussed for it is extensively tested in rodent animal models of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we attempt to discuss the repairing potentials of transplanted cells into parkinsonism pathological regions of motor deficits and focus on preventive and treatment effects. From new approaches in the PD biological therapy, it is believed that it can as well benefit patients against PD-NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Sun
- Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratories of Biological Therapeutic Medical Technology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratories of Biological Therapeutic Medical Technology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zheng Zachory Wei
- Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratories of Biological Therapeutic Medical Technology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Liu Jian
- Laboratories of Biological Therapeutic Medical Technology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Casstar, Zhongguancun No.1 Global Key & Core Technology (AI) Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanglin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Airport Hospital of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Airport Hospital of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Laboratories of Biological Therapeutic Medical Technology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Houzhen Tuo
- Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Laboratories of Biological Therapeutic Medical Technology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, Beijing, China.
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D’Sa K, Evans JR, Virdi GS, Vecchi G, Adam A, Bertolli O, Fleming J, Chang H, Leighton C, Horrocks MH, Athauda D, Choi ML, Gandhi S. Prediction of mechanistic subtypes of Parkinson's using patient-derived stem cell models. NAT MACH INTELL 2023; 5:933-946. [PMID: 37615030 PMCID: PMC10442231 DOI: 10.1038/s42256-023-00702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common, incurable neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically heterogeneous: it is likely that different cellular mechanisms drive the pathology in different individuals. So far it has not been possible to define the cellular mechanism underlying the neurodegenerative disease in life. We generated a machine learning-based model that can simultaneously predict the presence of disease and its primary mechanistic subtype in human neurons. We used stem cell technology to derive control or patient-derived neurons, and generated different disease subtypes through chemical induction or the presence of mutation. Multidimensional fluorescent labelling of organelles was performed in healthy control neurons and in four different disease subtypes, and both the quantitative single-cell fluorescence features and the images were used to independently train a series of classifiers to build deep neural networks. Quantitative cellular profile-based classifiers achieve an accuracy of 82%, whereas image-based deep neural networks predict control and four distinct disease subtypes with an accuracy of 95%. The machine learning-trained classifiers achieve their accuracy across all subtypes, using the organellar features of the mitochondria with the additional contribution of the lysosomes, confirming the biological importance of these pathways in Parkinson's. Altogether, we show that machine learning approaches applied to patient-derived cells are highly accurate at predicting disease subtypes, providing proof of concept that this approach may enable mechanistic stratification and precision medicine approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma D’Sa
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, King’s Cross, London, UK
| | - James R. Evans
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, King’s Cross, London, UK
| | - Gurvir S. Virdi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, King’s Cross, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - James Fleming
- The Francis Crick Institute, King’s Cross, London, UK
| | - Hojong Chang
- Institute for IT Convergence, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Craig Leighton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathew H. Horrocks
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dilan Athauda
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, King’s Cross, London, UK
| | - Minee L. Choi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, King’s Cross, London, UK
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, King’s Cross, London, UK
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Zheng XX, Chen JJ, Sun YB, Chen TQ, Wang J, Yu SC. Mitochondria in cancer stem cells: Achilles heel or hard armor. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:708-727. [PMID: 37137792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that mitochondria play core roles in not only cancer stem cell (CSC) metabolism but also the regulation of CSC stemness maintenance and differentiation, which are key regulators of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of mitochondria in CSCs is expected to provide a new target for cancer therapy. This article mainly introduces the roles played by mitochondria and related mechanisms in CSC stemness maintenance, metabolic transformation, and chemoresistance. The discussion mainly focuses on the following aspects: mitochondrial morphological structure, subcellular localization, mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitophagy. The manuscript also describes the recent clinical research progress on mitochondria-targeted drugs and discusses the basic principles of their targeted strategies. Indeed, an understanding of the application of mitochondria in the regulation of CSCs will promote the development of novel CSC-targeted strategies, thereby significantly improving the long-term survival rate of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Zheng
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi-Bo Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tian-Qing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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Cong W, Wang Y, Yuan C, Xu M, Wang H, Hu Y, Dai X, Weng Y, Timashev P, Liang XJ, Huang Y. Dietary cobalt oxide nanoparticles alleviate aging through activation of mitochondrial UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans. Theranostics 2023; 13:3276-3289. [PMID: 37351160 PMCID: PMC10283066 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is a mitochondrial proteostasis pathway, orchestrates an adaptive reprogramming for metabolism homeostasis and organismal longevity. Similar to other defense systems, compromised UPRmt is a feature of several age-related diseases. Here we report that dimercapto succinic acid (DMSA)-modified cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs), which have received wide-spread attention in biomedical fields, is a promising UPRmt activator and, more importantly, provides a gate for extending healthy lifespan. Methods: UPRmt activation by Co3O4 NPs was tested in transgenetic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) specifically expressing UPRmt reporter Phsp-6::GFP, and the underlying mechanism was further validated by mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA/nDNA, metabolism-related genes' expression, mitonuclear protein imbalance, oyxgen assumption and ATP level in C. elegans. Then therapeutic response aganist senescence was monitored by lifespan analysis, lipofusin contents, MDA contents, Fe accumulation, pharyngeal locomotion performance as well as athletic ability (head thrashes and body bends) at different developmental stages of C. elegans. RNAi towards ubl-5 or atfs-1 in UPRmt pathway was applied to clarify the role of UPRmt in Co3O4 NPs -mediated anti-aging effects. Finally, the effect of Co3O4 NPs on mitochondrial homeostasis and D-galactose-induced cell viability decline in mammalian cells were studied. Results: Co3O4 NPs was revealed as a bona fide activator of the UPRmt signaling pathway, through fine-tuning mitochondrial dynamics and inducing a stoichiometric imbalance between OXPHOS subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) at early life stage of C. elegans. Phenotypically, Co3O4 NPs treatment protect C. elegans from external stresses. More importantly, dietary low level of Co3O4 NPs effectively extend lifespan and alleviate aging-related physiological and functional decline of worms, demonstrating its potential roles in delaying aging. While the protective effect exerted by Co3O4 NPs was compromised in line with atfs-1 or ubl-5 RNAi treatment. Further studies verified the conservation of Co3O4 NPs in activating UPRmt and exerting protective effects in mammalian cells. Conclusions: The results reveal beneficial effects of Co3O4 NPs on mitochondrial metabolic control, thus presenting their potential efficacy in anti-aging care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Cong
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; School of Life Science; School of Medical Technology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China
| | - Mei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China
| | - You Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China
| | - Xuyan Dai
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Weng
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; School of Life Science; School of Medical Technology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Peter Timashev
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; School of Life Science; School of Medical Technology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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9
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Li M, Yu Y, Xue K, Li J, Son G, Wang J, Qian W, Wang S, Zheng J, Yang C, Ge J. Genistein mitigates senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via ERRα-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in ovariectomized rats. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102649. [PMID: 36871183 PMCID: PMC9995482 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) induced by chronic oxidative stress is an important factor contributes to the postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Mitochondrial quality control takes a pivotal role in regulating oxidative stress and cell senescence. Genistein is a major isoflavone in soy products, which is best known for its ability to inhibit bone loss in both postmenopausal women and ovariectomized (OVX) rodents. Here we show that OVX-BMMSCs displayed premature senescence, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondria dysfunction, while genistein rescued these phenotypes. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, we identified estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) as the potential target of genistein. Knockdown of ERRα greatly abolished the anti-senescence effect of genistein on OVX-BMMSCs. Further, the mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy induced by genistein were inhibited by ERRα knockdown in OVX-BMMSCs. In vivo, genistein inhibited trabecular bone loss and p16INK4a expression, upregulated sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator one alpha (PGC1α) expression in the trabecular bone area of proximal tibia in OVX rats. Together, this study revealed that genistein ameliorates senescence of OVX-BMMSCs through ERRα-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, which provided a molecular basis for advancement and development of therapeutic strategies against PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejia Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Pastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Geehun Son
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Qian
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Weng H, Song W, Fu K, Guan Y, Cai G, Huang E, Chen X, Zou H, Ye Q. Proteomic profiling reveals the potential mechanisms and regulatory targets of sirtuin 4 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's mouse model. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1035444. [PMID: 36760798 PMCID: PMC9905825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1035444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD), as a common neurodegenerative disease, currently has no effective therapeutic approaches to delay or stop its progression. There is an urgent need to further define its pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic targets. An increasing number of studies have shown that members of the sirtuin (SIRT) family are differentially involved in neurodegenerative diseases, indicating their potential to serve as targets in therapeutic strategies. Mitochondrial SIRT4 possesses multiple enzymatic activities, such as deacetylase, ADP ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase, and deacylase activities, and exhibits different enzymatic activities and target substrates in different tissues and cells; thus, mitochondrial SIRT4 plays an integral role in regulating metabolism. However, the role and mechanism of SIRT4 in PD are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism and possible regulatory targets of SIRT4 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice. Methods The expression of the SIRT4 protein in the MPTP-induced PD mouse mice or key familial Parkinson disease protein 7 knockout (DJ-1 KO) rat was compared against the control group by western blot assay. Afterwards, quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify altered proteins in the vitro model and reveal the possible functional role of SIRT4. The most promising molecular target of SIRT4 were screened and validated by viral transfection, western blot assay and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. Results The expression of the SIRT4 protein was found to be altered both in the MPTP-induced PD mouse mice and DJ-1KO rats. Following the viral transfection of SIRT4, a quantitative proteomics analysis identified 5,094 altered proteins in the vitro model, including 213 significantly upregulated proteins and 222 significantly downregulated proteins. The results from bioinformatics analyses indicated that SIRT4 mainly affected the ribosomal pathway, propionate metabolism pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and peroxisome pathway in cells, and we screened 25 potential molecular targets. Finally, only fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in the PPAR signaling pathway was regulated by SIRT4 among the 25 molecules. Importantly, the alterations in FABP4 and PPARγ were verified in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. Discussion Our results indicated that FABP4 in the PPAR signaling pathway is the most promising molecular target of SIRT4 in an MPTP-induced mouse model and revealed the possible functional role of SIRT4. This study provides a reference for future drug development and mechanism research with SIRT4 as a target or biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Weng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangyue Fu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunqian Guan
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - En Huang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiqiang Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Haiqiang Zou,
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qinyong Ye,
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11
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Rodríguez-Vera D, Abad-García A, Vargas-Mendoza N, Pinto-Almazán R, Farfán-García ED, Morales-González JA, Soriano-Ursúa MA. Polyphenols as potential enhancers of stem cell therapy against neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2093-2101. [PMID: 35259814 PMCID: PMC9083162 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of polyphenols for treating chronic-degenerative diseases (particularly neurodegenerative diseases) is attractive. However, the selection of the best polyphenol for each treatment, the mechanisms by which they act, and their efficacy are frequently discussed. In this review, the basics and the advances in the field, as well as suggestions for using natural and synthetic polyphenols alone or in a combinatorial strategy with stem cell assays, are compiled and discussed. Thus, stem cells exhibit several responses when polyphenols are added to their environment, which could provide us with knowledge for advancing the elucidation of the origin of neurodegeneration. But also, polyphenols are being included in the innovative strategies of novel therapies for treating neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic diseases related to neurodegeneration. In this regard, flavonoid compounds are suggested as the best natural polyphenols due to their several mechanisms for acting in ameliorative effects; but increasing reports are involving other polyphenols. Even if some facts limiting bioactivity prevent them from conventional use, some natural polyphenols and derivatives hold the promise for being improved compounds, judged by their induced effects. The current results suggest polyphenols as enhancers of stem cell therapy against the targeted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez-Vera
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Antonio Abad-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla km 34.5, State of México, México
| | - Eunice D. Farfán-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
- Correspondence to: José A. Morales-González, ;
Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa, .
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
- Correspondence to: José A. Morales-González, ;
Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa, .
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12
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Khan H, Kaur Grewal A, Gurjeet Singh T. Mitochondrial dynamics related neurovascular approaches in cerebral ischemic injury. Mitochondrion 2022; 66:54-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Zhu X, Sun M, Guo H, Lu G, Gu J, Zhang L, Shi L, Gao J, Zhang D, Wang W, Liu J, Wang X. Verbascoside protects from LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy via alleviating cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress and regulating mitochondrial dynamics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113327. [PMID: 35203005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbascoside (VB), as an active component of multiple medicinal plants, has been proved to exert anti-oxidative, anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. This study was designed to investigate whether VB could play a cardioprotective role in septic heart injury. METHODS Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg) to induce sepsis. The treatment group received an intraperitoneally injection of VB (20 mg/kg) before LPS challenge. Transthoracic echocardiography, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and qPCR were performed to assess the effect of VB on heart function, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Transmission electronic microscopy and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis of the septic heart. In vitro experiments were also performed to repeat above-mentioned assays. RESULTS Compared with LPS group, the VB treatment group showed improved cardiac function in sepsis. VB alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Specifically, VB could restore sepsis-induced mitochondrial alterations via regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. These results were also confirmed in in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION Verbascoside could protected from sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfeng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Sun
- Hypertension Research Institute of Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Gan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Licheng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China.
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14
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Probing Cell Redox State and Glutathione-Modulating Factors Using a Monochlorobimane-Based Microplate Assay. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020391. [PMID: 35204274 PMCID: PMC8869332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol compounds including predominantly glutathione (GSH) are key components of redox homeostasis, which are involved in the protection and regulation of mammalian cells. The assessment of cell redox status by means of in situ analysis of GSH in living cells is often preferable over established assays in cell lysates due to fluctuations of the GSH pool. For this purpose, we propose a microplate assay with monochlorobimane (MCB) as an available fluorescent probe for GSH, although poorly detected in the microplate format. In addition to the new procedure for improved MCB-assisted GSH detection in plate-grown cells and its verification with GSH modulators, this study provides a useful methodology for the evaluation of cell redox status probed through relative GSH content and responsiveness to both supplemented thiols and variation in oxygen pressure. The roles of extracellular interactions of thiols and natural variability of cellular glutathione on the assay performance were emphasized and discussed. The results are of broad interest in cell biology research and should be particularly useful for the characterization of pathological cells with decreased GSH status and increased oxidative status as well as redox-modulating factors.
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15
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Zhai Q, Chen X, Fei D, Guo X, He X, Zhao W, Shi S, Gooding JJ, Jin F, Jin Y, Li B. Nanorepairers Rescue Inflammation-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103839. [PMID: 34894103 PMCID: PMC8811813 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a critical role in cell fate and the morbidity of chronic inflammation-associated bone diseases, such as periodontitis and osteoarthritis. However, there is still no effective method to cure chronic inflammation-associated bone diseases by physiologically restoring the function of mitochondria and MSCs. Herein, it is first found that chronic inflammation leads to excess Ca2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria, which causes mitochondrial calcium overload and further damage to mitochondria. Furthermore, damaged mitochondria continuously accumulate in MSCs due to the inhibition of mitophagy by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway under chronic inflammatory conditions, impairing the differentiation of MSCs. Based on the mechanistic discovery, intracellular microenvironment (esterase and low pH)-responsive nanoparticles are fabricated to capture Ca2+ around mitochondria in MSCs to regulate MSC mitochondrial calcium flux against mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the same nanoparticles are able to deliver siRNA to MSCs to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and regulate mitophagy of the originally dysfunctional mitochondria. These precision-engineered nanoparticles, referred to as "nanorepairers," physiologically restore the function of mitochondria and MSCs, resulting in effective therapy for periodontitis and osteoarthritis. The concept can potentially be expanded to the treatment of other diseases via mitochondrial quality control intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process IntensificationInstitute of Polymer Science in Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Dongdong Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process IntensificationInstitute of Polymer Science in Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Wanmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell ResearchGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510080China
| | - John Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for Nano‐MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
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16
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Amaroli A, Pasquale C, Zekiy A, Benedicenti S, Marchegiani A, Sabbieti MG, Agas D. Steering the multipotent mesenchymal cells towards an anti-inflammatory and osteogenic bias via photobiomodulation therapy: How to kill two birds with one stone. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221110192. [PMID: 35832724 PMCID: PMC9272199 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal cells (MSCs) have captured scientific interest due to their multi-purpose features and clinical applications. The operational dimension of MSCs is not limited to the bone marrow reservoir, which exerts bone-building and niche anabolic tasks; they also meet the needs of quenching inflammation and restoring inflamed tissues. Thus, the range of MSC activities extends to conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, immune disorders and various forms of osteopenia. Steering these cells towards becoming an effective therapeutic tool has become mandatory. Many laboratories have employed distinct strategies to improve the plasticity and secretome of MSCs. We aimed to present how photobiomodulation therapy (PBM-t) can manipulate MSCs to render them an extraordinary anti-inflammatory and osteogenic instrument. Moreover, we discuss the outcomes of different PBM-t protocols on MSCs, concluding with some perplexities and complexities of PBM-t in vivo but encouraging and feasible in vitro solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Claudio Pasquale
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelina Zekiy
- Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | | | - Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
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17
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RIPK1 Coordinates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Survival by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis via p53. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5540149. [PMID: 34840579 PMCID: PMC8626202 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5540149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow is essential for bone marrow microenvironment homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. RIPK1 has emerged as a critical molecule of programmed cell death in tissue homeostasis. However, little is known about the regulation of RIPK1 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we have investigated for the first time the role of RIPK1 in bone marrow MSCs. We have found that RIPK1 knockdown suppressed proliferation, differentiation, and migration in bone marrow MSCs. Furthermore, RIPK1 knockdown resulted in the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and mtDNA damage, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, and consequently induced apoptosis and necroptosis in bone marrow MSCs. Moreover, we identified that the p53-PUMA axis pathway was involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in RIPK1-deficient bone marrow MSCs. Together, our findings highlighted that RIPK1 was indispensable for bone marrow MSC survival.
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18
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Barilani M, Lovejoy C, Piras R, Abramov AY, Lazzari L, Angelova PR. Age-related changes in the energy of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1753-1767. [PMID: 34791648 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process that leads to a higher risk for the most devastating diseases. There are a number of theories of human aging proposed, and many of them are directly or indirectly linked to mitochondria. Here, we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young and older donors to study age-related changes in mitochondrial metabolism. We have found that aging in MSCs is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower NADH levels in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA content is higher in aged MSCs, but the overall mitochondrial mass is decreased due to increased rates of mitophagy. Despite the higher level of ATP in aged cells, a higher rate of ATP consumption renders them more vulnerable to energy deprivation compared to younger cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism in aged MSCs activate the overproduction of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria which is compensated by a higher level of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione. Thus, energy metabolism and redox state are the drivers for the aging of MSCs/mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barilani
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Christopher Lovejoy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roberta Piras
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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19
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Giordano R, Canesi M, Isalberti M, Marfia G, Campanella R, Vincenti D, Cereda V, Ranghetti A, Palmisano C, Isaias IU, Benti R, Marotta G, Lazzari L, Montemurro T, Viganò M, Budelli S, Montelatici E, Lavazza C, Rivera-Ordaz A, Pezzoli G. Safety and Effectiveness of Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Take-Home Messages From a Pilot Feasibility Phase I Study of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:723227. [PMID: 34712113 PMCID: PMC8546103 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.723227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with anti-inflammatory properties. Here we tested the safety of MSCs in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01824121; Eudract No. 2011-004051-39). Seven patients were treated. To improve the safety, protocol adjustments were made during the performance of the study. The objectives of our work were: (1) to assess the safety of MSCs and (2) to identify critical issues in cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Autologous MSCs from the bone marrow of PSP patients were administered through the internal carotid arteries. 1-year survival and number of severe adverse events were considered as safety endpoints. Clinical rating scales, neuropsychological assessments, gait and posture analysis, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and brain magnetic resonance (BMR) were performed at different follow-up times. Peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured before and after cell infusion. Six of the seven treated patients were living 1 year after cell infusion. Asymptomatic spotty lesions were observed at BMR after 24 h in six of the seven treated patients. The last patient in the preliminary cohort (Case 5) exhibited transiently symptomatic BMR ischemic alterations. No severe adverse events were recorded in the last two treated patients. Interleukin-8 serum concentrations decreased in three patients (Case 2, 3, and 4). An adaptive study design, appropriate and up-to-date efficacy measures, adequate sample size estimation, and, possibly, the use of a cellular and/or allogeneic cell sources may help in performing phase II trials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Giordano
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Canesi
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Maurizio Isalberti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Vincenti
- Onco-Hematology Unit, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Cereda
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ranghetti
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Chiara Palmisano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Ugo Isaias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Benti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montemurro
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariele Viganò
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Montelatici
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Araceli Rivera-Ordaz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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20
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Oxidative Stress Enhances Autophagy-Mediated Death Of Stem Cells Through Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway - Implications For Neurotransplantations. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2347-2358. [PMID: 34487308 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are becoming increasingly popular solutions for neurological disorders. However, there is a lower survival rate of these cells after transplantation. Oxidative stress is linked to brain damage, and it may also impact transplanted stem cells. To better understand how transplanted cells respond to oxidative stress, the current study used H2O2. We briefly illustrated that exogenous H2O2 treatment exaggerated oxidative stress in the human dental pulp and mesenchymal stem cells. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA), MitoSOX confirms the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement, which was remarkably subsided by the ROS inhibitors. The findings showed that H2O2 activates autophagy by enhancing pro-autophagic proteins, Beclin1 and Atg7. Increased LC3II/I expression (which co-localized with lysosomal proteins, LAMP1 and Cathepsin B) showed that H2O2 treatment promoted autophagolysosome formation. In the results, both Beclin1 and Atg7 were observed co-localized in mitochondria, indicating their involvement in mitophagy. The evaluation of Erk1/2 in the presence and absence of Na-Pyruvate, PEG-Catalase, and PD98059 established ROS-Erk1/2 participation in autophagy regulation. Further, these findings showed a link between apoptosis and autophagy. The results conclude that H2O2 acts as a stressor, promoting autophagy and mitophagy in stem cells under oxidative stress. The current study may help understand better cell survival and death approaches for transplanted cells in various neurological diseases. The current study uses human Dental Pulp and Mesenchymal Stem cells to demonstrate the importance of H2O2-driven autophagy in deciding the fate of these cells in an oxidative microenvironment. To summarise, we discovered that exogenous H2O2 treatment causes oxidative stress. Exogenous H2O2 treatment also increased ROS production, especially intracellular H2O2. H2O2 stimulated the ErK1/2 signaling pathway and autophagy. Erk1/2 was found to cause autophagy. Further, the function of mitophagy appeared to be an important factor in the H2O2-induced regulation of these two human stem cell types. In a nutshell, by engaging in autophagy nucleation, maturation, and terminal phase proteins, we elucidated the participation of autophagy in cell dysfunction and death.
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21
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Lin W, Chen S, Wang Y, Wang M, Lee WYW, Jiang X, Li G. Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum crosstalk during stem cell homeostasis and aging. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:794. [PMID: 34400615 PMCID: PMC8368094 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy exerts profound therapeutic potential for curing a broad spectrum of diseases. Adult stem cells reside within a specified dynamic niche in vivo, which is essential for continuous tissue homeostatic maintenance through balancing self-renewal with lineage selection. Meanwhile, adult stem cells may be multipotent or unipotent, and are present in both quiescent and actively dividing states in vivo of the mammalians, which may switch to each other state in response to biophysical cues through mitochondria-mediated mechanisms, such as alterations in mitochondrial respiration and metabolism. In general, stem cells facilitate tissue repair after tissue-specific homing through various mechanisms, including immunomodulation of local microenvironment, differentiation into functional cells, cell "empowerment" via paracrine secretion, immunoregulation, and intercellular mitochondrial transfer. Interestingly, cell-source-specific features have been reported between different tissue-derived adult stem cells with distinct functional properties due to the different microenvironments in vivo, as well as differential functional properties in different tissue-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vehicles, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer capacity. Here, we summarized the current understanding on roles of mitochondrial dynamics during stem cell homeostasis and aging, and lineage-specific differentiation. Also, we proposed potential unique mitochondrial molecular signature features between different source-derived stem cells and potential associations between stem cell aging and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) communication, as well as potential novel strategies for anti-aging intervention and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shuxun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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22
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Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and NADH Redox State in Acute Brain Slices. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2276:193-202. [PMID: 34060042 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1266-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain is one of the most energy-demanding organs. Energy in the form of ATP is produced in brain cells predominantly in oxidative phosphorylation coupled to mitochondrial respiration. Any alteration of the mitochondrial metabolism or prolonged ischemic or anoxic conditions can lead to serious neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders. Assessment of mitochondrial metabolism is important for understanding physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Bioenergetics in central nervous system is dependent on multiple parameters including neuron-glia interactions and considering this, in vivo or ex vivo, the measurements of mitochondrial metabolism should also be complimenting the experiments on isolated mitochondria or cell cultures. To assess the mitochondrial function, there are several key bioenergetic parameters which indicate mitochondrial health. One of the major characteristics of mitochondria is the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) which is used as a proton motive force for ATP production and generated by activity of the electron transport chain. Major donor of electrons for the mitochondrial respiratory chain is NADH. Here we demonstrate how to measure mitochondrial NADH/NAD(P)H autofluorescence and ΔΨm in acute brain slices in a time-dependent manner and provide information for the identification of NADH redox index, mitochondrial NADH pool, and the rate of NADH production in the Krebs cycle. Additionally, non-mitochondrial NADH/NADPH autofluorescence can signify the level of activity of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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23
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RT001 in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Clinical and In-Vitro Observations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071021. [PMID: 34202031 PMCID: PMC8300819 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a progressive movement disorder associated with lipid peroxidation and intracerebral accumulation of tau. RT001 is a deuterium reinforced isotopologue of linoleic acid that prevents lipid peroxidation (LPO) through the kinetic isotope effect. The effects of RT001 pre-treatment on various oxidative and bioenergetic parameters were evaluated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from patients with PSP compared to controls. In parallel, 3 patients with PSP were treated with RT001 and followed clinically. MSCs derived from PSP patients had a significantly higher rate of LPO (161.8 ± 8.2% of control; p < 0.001). A 72-h incubation with RT001 restored the PSP MSCs to normal levels. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in PSP-MSCs significantly decreased the level of GSH compared to control MSCs (to 56% and 47% of control; p < 0.05). Incubation with RT001 significantly increased level of GSH in PSP MSCs. The level of mitochondrial DNA in the cells was significantly lower in PSP-MSCs (67.5%), compared to control MSCs. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, size, and shape were also observed. Three subjects with possible or probable PSP were treated with RT001 for a mean duration of 26 months. The slope of the PSPRS changed from the historical decline of 0.91 points/month to a mean decline of 0.16 points/month (+/−0.23 SEM). The UPDRS slope changed from an expected increase of 0.95 points/month to an average increase in score of 0.28 points/month (+/−0.41 SEM). MSCs derived from patients with PSP have elevated basal levels of LPO, ROS, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings are reversed after incubation with RT001. In PSP patients, the progression of disease may be reduced by treatment with RT001.
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24
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Wang P, Zhou R, Thomas P, Zhao L, Zhou R, Mandal S, Jolly MK, Richard DJ, Rehm BHA, Ostrikov K(K, Dai X, Williams ED, Thompson EW. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Enhances Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Cytotoxic Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasmas in Breast and Bladder Cancer Systems. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2889. [PMID: 34207708 PMCID: PMC8226878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a highly selective anticancer agent, most recently in the form of plasma-activated medium (PAM). Since epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in resistance to various cancer therapies, we assessed whether EMT status is associated with PAM response. Mesenchymal breast cancer cell lines, as well as the mesenchymal variant in an isogenic EMT/MET human breast cancer cell system (PMC42-ET/LA), were more sensitive to PAM treatment than their epithelial counterparts, contrary to their responses to other therapies. The same trend was seen in luminal muscle-invasive bladder cancer model (TSU-Pr1/B1/B2) and the non-muscle-invasive basal 5637 bladder cancer cell line. Three-dimensional spheroid cultures of the bladder cancer cell lines were less sensitive to the PAM treatment compared to their two-dimensional counterparts; however, incrementally better responses were again seen in more mesenchymally-shifted cell lines. This study provides evidence that PAM preferentially inhibits mesenchymally-shifted carcinoma cells, which have been associated with resistance to other therapies. Thus, PAM may represent a novel treatment that can selectively inhibit triple-negative breast cancers and a subset of aggressive bladder cancers, which tend to be more mesenchymal. Our approach may potentially be utilized for other aggressive cancers exhibiting EMT and opens new opportunities for CAP and PAM as a promising new onco-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Wang
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4059, Australia; (P.W.); (P.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Renwu Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (R.Z.)
| | - Patrick Thomas
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4059, Australia; (P.W.); (P.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Liqian Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rusen Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (R.Z.)
| | - Susmita Mandal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Derek J. Richard
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4059, Australia; (P.W.); (P.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4059, Australia; (P.W.); (P.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (R.Z.)
| | - Erik W. Thompson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4059, Australia; (P.W.); (P.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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25
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Sokolovski SG, Rafailov EU, Abramov AY, Angelova PR. Singlet oxygen stimulates mitochondrial bioenergetics in brain cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:306-313. [PMID: 33359431 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen, in form of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been shown to participate in oxidative stress, one of the major triggers for pathology, but also is a main contributor to physiological processes. Recently, it was found that 1267 nm irradiation can produce singlet oxygen without photosensitizers. We used this phenomenon to study the effect of laser-generated singlet oxygen on one of the major oxygen-dependent processes, mitochondrial energy metabolism. We have found that laser-induced generation of 1O2 in neurons and astrocytes led to the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of NADH- and FADH-dependent respiration, and importantly, increased the rate of maximal respiration in isolated mitochondria. The activation of mitochondrial respiration stimulated production of ATP in these cells. Thus, we found that the singlet oxygen generated by 1267 nm laser pulse works as an activator of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edik U Rafailov
- Aston Institute of Photonics Technologies, Aston University, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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26
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Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria plays multiple roles in physiology, and excessive production of ROS leads to the development of various pathologies. ROS in the mitochondria are generated by various enzymes, mainly in the electron transporvt chain, and it is important to identify not only the trigger but also the source of free radical production. It is important to measure mitochondrial ROS in live, intact cells, because activation of ROS production could be initiated by changes in extramitochondrial processes which could be overseen when using isolated mitochondria. Here we describe the approaches, which allow to measure production of ROS in the matrix of mitochondria in live cells. We also demonstrate how to measure kinetic changes in lipid peroxidation in mitochondria of live cells. These methods could be used for understanding the mechanisms of pathology in a variety of disease models and also for testing neuro- or cardioprotective chemicals.
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27
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Suhito IR, Koo KM, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Biomolecules and Whole Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 33375330 PMCID: PMC7824644 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are considered an auspicious tool to detect biomolecules (e.g., DNA, proteins, and lipids), which are valuable sources for the early diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Advances in electrochemical sensing platforms have enabled the development of a new type of biosensor, enabling label-free, non-destructive detection of viability, function, and the genetic signature of whole cells. Numerous studies have attempted to enhance both the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors, which are the most critical parameters for assessing sensor performance. Various nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, and metal oxide nanoparticles, have been used to improve the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic properties of working electrodes, increasing sensor sensitivity. Further modifications have been implemented to advance sensor platform selectivity and biocompatibility using biomaterials such as antibodies, aptamers, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and peptide composites. This paper summarizes recent electrochemical sensors designed to detect target biomolecules and animal cells (cancer cells and stem cells). We hope that this review will inspire researchers to increase their efforts to accelerate biosensor progress-enabling a prosperous future in regenerative medicine and the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Rosalina Suhito
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
| | - Kyeong-Mo Koo
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
- Integrative Research Center for Two-Dimensional Functional Materials, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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28
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Fričová D, Korchak JA, Zubair AC. Challenges and translational considerations of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:20. [PMID: 33298940 PMCID: PMC7641157 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies, which gives rise to motor and non-motor symptoms. Unfortunately, current therapeutic strategies for PD merely treat the symptoms of the disease, only temporarily improve the patients' quality of life, and are not sufficient for completely alleviating the symptoms. Therefore, cell-based therapies have emerged as a novel promising therapeutic approach in PD treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have arisen as a leading contender for cell sources due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities, limited ethical concerns, and low risk of tumor formation. Although several studies have shown that MSCs have the potential to mitigate the neurodegenerative pathology of PD, variabilities in preclinical and clinical trials have resulted in inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we strive to highlight the sources of variability in studies using MSCs in PD therapy, including MSC sources, the use of autologous or allogenic MSCs, dose, delivery methods, patient factors, and measures of clinical outcome. Available evidence indicates that while the use of MSCs in PD has largely been promising, conditions need to be standardized so that studies can be effectively compared with one another and experimental designs can be improved upon, such that this body of science can continue to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Fričová
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jennifer A Korchak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Abba C Zubair
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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29
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Wang Y, Wei N, Li X. Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms of Baicalein for Rats and Mice With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:277. [PMID: 33101006 PMCID: PMC7546397 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a major bioactive flavone of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has neuroprotective properties in several animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the available preclinical evidence and possible mechanisms of baicalein for animal models of PD. Ultimately, 20 studies were identified by searching 7 databases from inception to December 2019. Review Manager 5.3 was applied for data analysis. Meta-analyses showed baicalein can significantly improve neurobehavioral function in animal models with PD, including spontaneous motor activity test (n = 5), pole test (n = 2), rotarod test (n = 9), apomorphine-induced rotations test (n = 4), grid test (n = 2), and tremor test (n = 2). Compared with controls, the results of the meta-analysis showed baicalein exerted a significant effect in increasing the frequency of spontaneous activity, prolongating the total time for climbing down the pole, decreasing the number of rotations, prolongating the descent latency, reducing the amplitude, and the frequency in animal models with PD. The possible mechanisms of baicalein for PD are regulating neurotransmitters, adjusting enzyme activity, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting protein aggregation, restorating mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibiting apoptosis, and autophagy. In conclusion, these findings preliminarily demonstrated that baicalein exerts potential neuroprotective effects through multiple signaling pathways in animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Na Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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30
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Stem cell plasticity and regenerative potential regulation through Ca 2+-mediated mitochondrial nuclear crosstalk. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:1-14. [PMID: 33059088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multi-lineage differentiation potential is one of the prominent mechanisms through which stem cells can repair damaged tissues. The regenerative potential of stem cells is the manifestation of several changes at the structural and molecular levels in stem cells that are regulated through intricate mitochondrial-nuclear interactions maintained by Ca2+ ion signaling. Despite the exhilarating evidences strengthening the versatile and indispensible role of Ca2+ in regulating mitochondrial-nuclear interactions, the extensive details of signaling mechanisms remains largely unexplored. In this review we have discussed the effect of Ca2+ ion mediated mitochondrial-nuclear interactions participating in stem plasticity and its regenerative potential.
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31
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Valentino RR, Tamvaka N, Heckman MG, Johnson PW, Soto-Beasley AI, Walton RL, Koga S, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Ross OA. Associations of mitochondrial genomic variation with corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and neuropathological tau measures. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:162. [PMID: 32943110 PMCID: PMC7495714 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial health is important in ageing and dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) accelerates ageing and influences neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codes for vital OXPHOS subunits and mtDNA background has been associated with neurodegeneration; however, no study has characterised mtDNA variation in Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) risk or pathogenesis. In this case-control study, 910 (42.6% male) neurologically-healthy controls, 1042 (54.1% male) pathologically-confirmed PSP cases, and 171 (52.0% male) pathologically-confirmed CBD cases were assessed to determine how stable mtDNA polymorphisms, in the form of mtDNA haplogroups, were associated with risk of PSP, risk of CBD, age of PSP onset, PSP disease duration, and neuropathological tau pathology measures for neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), neuropil threads (NT), tufted astrocytes (TA), astrocytic plaques (AP), and oligodendroglial coiled bodies (CB). 764 PSP cases and 150 CBD cases had quantitative tau pathology scores. mtDNA was genotyped for 39 unique SNPs using Agena Bioscience iPlex technologies and mitochondrial haplogroups were defined to mitochondrial phylogeny. After adjustment for multiple testing, we observed an association with risk of CBD for mtDNA sub-haplogroup H4 (OR = 4.51, P = 0.001) and the HV/HV0a haplogroup was associated with a decreased severity of NT tau pathology in PSP cases (P = 0.0023). Our study reports that mitochondrial genomic background may be associated with risk of CBD and may be influencing tau pathology measures in PSP. Replication of these findings will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikoleta Tamvaka
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- SURF Program Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Patrick W Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Track, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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32
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Zhang W, Hou W, Chen M, Chen E, Xue D, Ye C, Li W, Pan Z. Upregulation of Parkin Accelerates Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration by Enhancing Autophagy and β-Catenin Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576104. [PMID: 33043010 PMCID: PMC7523089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a key role in bone formation. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, related to Parkinson’s disease and aging. Previous studies have indicated that Parkinson’s disease have a higher risk of osteoporotic fracture. To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of Parkin in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, osteogenic differentiation was analyzed following upregulation or downregulation of Parkin. We found that Parkin was increased during differentiation. Parkin overexpression enhanced osteo-specific markers, and downregulation of Parkin mitigated osteo-specific markers. Moreover, upregulation of Parkin promoted β-catenin expression and autophagy and vice versa. The upregulation of β-catenin enhanced autophagy, and the activation of autophagy also increased the expression of β-catenin in Parkin-downregulated BMSCs. Parkin-overexpressed cell sheets accelerated bone healing in a tibial fracture model. Based on these results, we concluded that Parkin meditates osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs via β-catenin and autophagy signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiduo Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erman Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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33
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Angelova PR, Esteras N, Abramov AY. Mitochondria and lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of neurodegeneration: Finding ways for prevention. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:770-784. [PMID: 32656815 DOI: 10.1002/med.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The world's population aging progression renders age-related neurodegenerative diseases to be one of the biggest unsolved problems of modern society. Despite the progress in studying the development of pathology, finding ways for modifying neurodegenerative disorders remains a high priority. One common feature of neurodegenerative diseases is mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress. Although lipid peroxidation is one of the markers for oxidative stress, it also plays an important role in cell physiology, including activation of phospholipases and stimulation of signaling cascades. Excessive lipid peroxidation is a hallmark for most neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and many other neurological conditions. The products of lipid peroxidation have been shown to be the trigger for necrotic, apoptotic, and more specifically for oxidative stress-related, that is, ferroptosis and neuronal cell death. Here we discuss the involvement of lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of neuronal loss and some novel therapeutic directions to oppose it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Noemi Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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34
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer and the Therapeutic Potential in Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8838046. [PMID: 32724315 PMCID: PMC7364205 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be derived from various tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have been extensively researched and tested for treatment of different diseases/indications. One mechanism that MSCs exert functions is through the transfer of mitochondria, a key player involved in many biological processes in health and disease. Mitochondria transfer is bidirectional and has an impact on both donor and recipient cells. In this review, we discussed how MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer may affect cellular metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation; how this process influences inflammatory processes; and what is the molecular machinery that mediates mitochondrial transfer. In the end, we summarized recent advances in preclinical research and clinical trials for the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injury, through application of MSCs and/or MSC-derived mitochondria.
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35
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Interaction of Oxidative Stress and Misfolded Proteins in the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10070101. [PMID: 32629809 PMCID: PMC7400128 DOI: 10.3390/life10070101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the misfolded proteins β-amyloid, tau, huntingtin, and α-synuclein is one of the most important steps in the pathology underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including the two most common ones—Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Activity and toxicity of these proteins depends on the stage and form of aggregates. Excessive production of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species which lead to oxidative stress, is proven to be involved in the mechanism of pathology in most of neurodegenerative disorders. Both reactive oxygen species and misfolded proteins play a physiological role in the brain, and only deregulation in redox state and aggregation of the proteins leads to pathology. Here, we review the role of misfolded proteins in the activation of ROS production from various sources in neurons and glia. We discuss if free radicals can influence structural changes of the key toxic intermediates and describe the putative mechanisms by which oxidative stress and oligomers may cause neuronal death.
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36
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Mui D, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial scenario: roles of mitochondrial dynamics in acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:1-5. [PMID: 32583708 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1784938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main therapeutic strategy currently used for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is to open occluded coronary arteries, a process defined as blood reperfusion. However, blood reperfusion will increase cardiac mortality, tissue damage and cardiac dysfunction in patients with AMI, which is mechanically defined as "ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury". It is currently believed that mitochondrial dynamics plays a key role in myocardial I/R, especially excessive mitochondrial fission, which is the main cause of cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, in the process of I/R injury, effective drug intervention and correct treatment strategies can be used to regulate mitochondrial dynamic balance to combat ischemia-reperfusion injury, which can play a huge role in improving the prognosis of patients. This review summarized the effects of mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial fusion balance on myocardial and mitochondrial functional changes during myocardial I/R injury. Finally, combined with the previous injury mechanisms, this review also briefly described some drug intervention that may be beneficial to clinical practice to improve the postoperative quality of life of patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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37
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Zhu H, Zhao M, Chen Y, Li D. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 overexpression attenuates catecholamine-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:946-957. [PMID: 32583430 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 associated athanogene 5 (Bag5) is a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulator. However, its role in catecholamine-induced endothelial cells damage has not been fully understood. In our study, catecholamine was used to mimic hypertension-related endothelial cell damage. Then, western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and pathway analysis were conducted to analyze the role of Bag5 in endothelial cell damage in response to catecholamine. Our results indicated that the endothelial cell viability was impaired by catecholamine. Interestingly, Bag5 overexpression significantly reversed endothelial cell viability. Mechanistically, Bag5 overexpression inhibited ER stress, attenuated oxidative stress and repressed inflammation in catecholamine-treated endothelial cells. These beneficial effects finally contributed to endothelial cell survival under catecholamine treatment. Pathway analysis demonstrated that Bag5 was under the control of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Reactivation of the MAPK-ERK pathway could upregulate Bag5 expression and thus promote endothelial cell survival through inhibiting oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation. Altogether, our results illustrate that Bag5 overexpression sustains endothelial cell survival in response to catecholamine treatment. This finding identifies Bag5 downregulation and the inactivated MAPK-ERK pathway as potential mechanisms underlying catecholamine-induced endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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38
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Abdelwahab S, Elsebay SAG, Fouli Gaber M, Abdel-Hafez SMN. Comparative study between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and their conditioned medium in the treatment of rat model of Parkinsonism. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:440-457. [PMID: 32557610 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is one of the most common aging neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effect of stem cell versus its conditioned medium in the Parkinsonism model. Parkinsonism was induced by daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg/kg of rotenone dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide for 28 days. Fifty rats were divided randomly into five groups: control, dimethyl sulfoxide, Parkinsonism, stem cell-treated, and conditioned medium-treated groups. Midbrain specimens were obtained for histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. Lewy bodies were observed in the Parkinsonism group in the dopaminergic neuron and neuropil as well. Almost all of the pathological changes were clearly ameliorated in both stem cell- and conditioned medium-treated groups as confirmed by biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical (anti-nestin, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, and anti-α synuclein) studies. However, the conditioned medium showed more superior therapeutic effect establishing nearly the normal histological architecture of substantia nigra. These results may pave the future for using stem cell-conditioned medium as a more convenient and effective adjuvant therapy in Parkinsonism and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Abdelwahab
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Gawad Elsebay
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar Fouli Gaber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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39
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Esteras N, Kundel F, Amodeo GF, Pavlov EV, Klenerman D, Abramov AY. Insoluble tau aggregates induce neuronal death through modification of membrane ion conductance, activation of voltage-gated calcium channels and NADPH oxidase. FEBS J 2020; 288:127-141. [PMID: 32338825 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative disorders are associated with aggregation and accumulation of misfolded proteins. One of these proteins, tau, is involved in a number of pathologies including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Aggregation and phosphorylation of tau have been shown to be a trigger for abnormal signal transduction and disruption of cellular homeostasis. Here, we have studied the effect of extracellular tau at different stages of aggregation in cortical co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes, to understand how this process affects tau pathogenicity. We found that the species formed after prolonged in vitro aggregation of tau (longer than 1 day) are able to stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the activation of NADPH oxidase without decreasing the level of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione. The same late insoluble aggregates of tau induced calcium signals in neurons and a gradual increase in the ionic current of artificial membranes. Both tau-induced calcium signals and ROS production in NADPH oxidase were reduced in the presence of the inhibitor of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) nifedipine. This suggests that insoluble aggregates of tau incorporate into the membrane and modify ionic currents, changing plasma membrane potential and activating VGCCs, which induces a calcium influx that triggers ROS production in NADPH oxidase. The combination of all these effects likely leads to toxicity, as only the same insoluble tau aggregates which demonstrated membrane-active properties produced neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Giuseppe F Amodeo
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, USA
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, USA
| | | | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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40
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Li P, Wang J, Zhao X, Ru J, Tian T, An Y, Tang L, Bai Y. PTEN inhibition attenuates endothelial cell apoptosis in coronary heart disease via modulating the AMPK-CREB-Mfn2-mitophagy signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:4878-4889. [PMID: 31654396 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major pathogenic factor in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a primary role in the occurrence and development of AS. In our study, we attempted to evaluate the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in endothelial cell apoptosis under oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation and identify the associated mechanisms. The results of our study demonstrated that ox-LDL induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) death via mitochondrial apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial potential, increased mitochondria permeability transition pore opening, cellular calcium overload, and caspase-9/-3 activation. In addition, ox-LDL also suppressed cellular energy production via downregulating the mitochondrial respiratory complex. Moreover, ox-LDL impaired HUVECs migration. Western blot analysis showed that PTEN expression was upregulated after exposure to ox-LDL and knockdown of PTEN could attenuate ox-LDL-mediated endothelial cell damage. Furthermore, we found that ox-LDL impaired mitophagy activity, whereas PTEN deletion could improve mitophagic flux and this effect relied on the activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-Mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) axis. When the AMPK-CREB-Mfn2 pathway was inhibited, PTEN deletion-associated HUVECs protection was significantly reduced, suggesting that the AMPK-CREB-Mfn2-mitophagy axis is required for PTEN deletion-mediated endothelial cell survival under ox-LDL. Taken together, our results indicate that ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell damage is associated with PTEN overexpression, and inhibition of PTEN could promote endothelial survival via activating the AMPK-CREB-Mfn2-mitophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ru
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun An
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Bai
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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41
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Hu C, Lu K, Liu W. Exendin-4 attenuates inflammation-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis in varicose veins through inhibiting the MAPK-JNK signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:464-470. [PMID: 32338116 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1756326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Inflammation response has been found to be associated with endothelial cell death in the progression of varicose veins. Exendin-4 is able to reduce inflammation and thus attenuate cell apoptosis.Aim: The aim of our study is to explore the influence of Exendin-4 on LPS-treated endothelial cells.Methods: Cells were treated with LPS. Exendin-4 was added into the medium of cells. Western blots, qPCR, and ELISA were used to analyze the role of Exendin-4 in LPS-mediated cell death.Results: We found that LPS treatment caused significantly cell death. Whereas this trend could be attenuated by Exendin-4. After treatment with Exendin-4, inflammation factors upregulation and oxidative stress activation were significantly repressed, an effect that was followed by a drop in the levels of glucose production and lactic acid generation. At the molecular levels, Exendin-4 treatment inhibited the activity of MAPK-JNK signaling pathway in the presence of LPS treatment.Conclusions: LPS causes cell apoptosis through inducing inflammation response, oxidative stress and energy stress. Exendin-4 treatment enhances cell survival, reduces inflammation, and improves energy stress through inhibiting the MAPK-JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Hu
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
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42
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Wang J, Toan S, Li R, Zhou H. Melatonin fine-tunes intracellular calcium signals and eliminates myocardial damage through the IP3R/MCU pathways in cardiorenal syndrome type 3. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113832. [PMID: 32006470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type-3 (CRS-3) is characterized by acute cardiac injury induced by acute kidney injury. Here, we investigated the causes of CRS-3 by analyzing cardiac function after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) using echocardiography and evaluation of pro-inflammatory markers, calcium balance, mitochondrial function, and cardiomyocyte death. Our results show that renal IRI reduces cardiac diastolic function associated with cardiomyocyte death and inflammatory responses. Renal IRI also disrupts cardiomyocyte energy metabolism, induces calcium overload, and impairs mitochondrial function, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial fission. Further, renal IRI induces phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and expression of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), resulting in cytoplasmic calcium overload and mitochondrial calcium accumulation. Pretreatment with melatonin attenuates renal IRI-mediated cardiac damage by maintaining myocardial diastolic function and reducing cardiomyocyte death. Melatonin also inhibits IP3R phosphorylation and MCU expression, thereby alleviating cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium overload. Blockade of IP3R has similar cardioprotective effects, whereas MCU activation abrogates the melatonin-mediated cardioprotection. These results show that the negative effects of renal IRI on myocardial viability and cardiac function are caused by induced IP3R phosphorylation, MCU upregulation, and calcium overload. Melatonin protects cardiac function against CRS-3 by suppressing IP3R-MCU signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Ruibing Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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43
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Cellular mechanisms of complex I-associated pathology. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1963-1969. [PMID: 31769488 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control vitally important functions in cells, including energy production, cell signalling and regulation of cell death. Considering this, any alteration in mitochondrial metabolism would lead to cellular dysfunction and the development of a disease. A large proportion of disorders associated with mitochondria are induced by mutations or chemical inhibition of the mitochondrial complex I - the entry point to the electron transport chain. Subunits of the enzyme NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, are encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and mutations in these genes lead to cardio and muscular pathologies and diseases of the central nervous system. Despite such a clear involvement of complex I deficiency in numerous disorders, the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of pathology are not very clear. In this review, we summarise how lack of activity of complex I could differentially change mitochondrial and cellular functions and how these changes could lead to a pathology, following discrete routes.
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44
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Azoramide protects iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons with PLA2G6 D331Y mutation through restoring ER function and CREB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:130. [PMID: 32071291 PMCID: PMC7028918 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-induced cascade events are implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The discovery of drug candidates to protect dopaminergic (DA) neurons from ER-stress-induced oxidative damage is important to resolve the pathological aspects of PD and modify its progress. In this study, we found that a recently identified unfolded protein response (UPR) modulator, azoramide, showed protective effects on patient induced pluripotent stem cells-derived midbrain DA neurons with the homozygous phospholipase A2 group 6 (PLA2G6) D331Y mutant. A series of PD-related cascade events such as ER stress, abnormal calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, increase of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis were observed in PLA2G6 D331Y mutant DA neurons, whereas azoramide significantly protected PLA2G6 D331Y mutant DA neurons against these events. The beneficial effects of azoramide were abolished by treatment with a cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitor. Our results suggest that azoramide is a potential neuroprotectant against DA neuron damage via restoring ER function and the CREB signaling.
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Zhou D, Zhang M, Min L, Jiang K, Jiang Y. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by macrophage-stimulating 1 through the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7067-7080. [PMID: 32017081 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with mitochondrial damage. Macrophage-stimulating 1 (MST1) reportedly stimulates mitochondrial apoptosis by suppressing BCL-2. We investigated whether MST1 promotes the progression of cerebral IR injury by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and mitochondrial function assays were conducted in cells from wild-type and Mst1-knockout mice subjected to cerebral IR injury. MST1 expression in wild-type glial cells increased following cerebral IR injury. Cerebral IR injury reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial metabolism in glial cells, while it enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial calcium levels in these cells. The deletion of Mst1 attenuated cerebral IR injury by improving mitochondrial function and reducing mitochondrial damage. The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway was suppressed in wild-type glial cell upon cerebral IR injury but was reactivated in Mst1-knockout glial cell. Accordingly, blocking the MAPK/ERK pathway abolished the beneficial effects of Mst1 deletion during cerebral IR injury by inducing mitochondrial damage in glial cells. Our results suggest that cerebral IR injury is associated with MST1 upregulation in the brain, while the genetic ablation of Mst1 can attenuate mitochondrial damage and sustain brain function following cerebral IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhou Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Min
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kaiyuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xing J, Wang Z, Xu H, Liu C, Wei Z, Zhao L, Ren L. Pak2 inhibition promotes resveratrol-mediated glioblastoma A172 cell apoptosis via modulating the AMPK-YAP signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6563-6573. [PMID: 32017068 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As a polyphenolic compound, resveratrol (Res) is widely present in a variety of plants. Previous studies have shown that Res can inhibit various tumors. However, its role in c remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we first demonstrated that Res inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of glioblastoma A172 cell. Further experiments showed that Res induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated the activity of caspase-9. Functional studies have found that Res treatment is associated with an increase in the expression of Pak2. Interestingly, inhibition of Pak2 could further augment the proapoptotic effect of Res. Mechanistically, Pak2 inhibition induced reactive oxygen species overproduction, mitochondria-JNK pathway activation, and AMPK-YAP axis suppression. However, overexpression of YAP could abolish the anticancer effects of Res and Pak2 inhibition, suggesting a necessary role played by the AMPK-YAP pathway in regulating cancer-suppressive actions of Res and Pak2 inhibition. Altogether, our results indicated that Res in combination with Pak2 inhibition could further enhance the anticancer property of Res and this effect is mediated via the AMPK-YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaobo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ma G, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wen Z, Li X, Zhai H, Miao L, Luo J. Liraglutide reduces hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte death through activating glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and targeting AMPK pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:133-140. [PMID: 32013667 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1719517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Hyperglycemia-mediated cardiomyocyte damage is associated with inflammation and AMPK inactivation.Aim: The aim of our study is to explore the protective effects exerted by liraglutide on AMPK pathway and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Cardiomyocytes were treated with high-glucose stress and cardiomyocyte viability was determined via (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Besides, LDH release, immunofluorescence, and qPCR were used to verify the influence of liraglutide on hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes.Results: Hyperglycemia treatment caused inflammation response and oxidative stress were significantly elevated in cardiomyocytes. This alteration could be reversed by liraglutide. Besides, cell viability was reduced whereas apoptosis was increased after exposure to high glucose treatment. However, liraglutide treatment could attenuate apoptosis and reverse cell viability in cardiomyocyte. Further, we found that AMPK pathway was also activated and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression was increased in response to liraglutide treatment.Conclusions: Liraglutide could attenuate hyperglycemia-mediated cardiomyocyte damage through reversing AMPK pathway and upregulating glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingwu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhinan Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Hu Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieying Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases.,Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
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Li P, Hu F, Cao X, Luo L, Tu Q. Melatonin receptor protects cardiomyocyte against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:117-125. [PMID: 31986953 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1719151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyun Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Tu
- Department of Gerontology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
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Ouyang H, Li Q, Zhong J, Xia F, Zheng S, Lu J, Deng Y, Hu Y. Combination of melatonin and irisin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction through suppressing the Mst1-JNK pathways. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6647-6659. [PMID: 31976559 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in therapies in past decades, the mortality rate of septic cardiomyopathy remains high. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic effects of combined treatment using melatonin and irisin in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated septic cardiomyopathy. Our data found that melatonin and irisin could further attenuate LPS-induced myocardial depression. Molecular investigation illustrated that melatonin and irisin cotreatment sustained cardiomyocyte viability and improved mitochondrial function under LPS stress. Pathway analysis demonstrated that macrophage-stimulating 1 (Mst1), which was significantly activated by LPS, was drastically inhibited by melatonin/irisin cotreatment. Mechanically, Mst1 activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and the latter induced oxidative stress, adenosine triphosphate metabolism disorder, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and cardiomyocyte death activation. Melatonin and irisin cotreatment effectively inhibited the Mst1-JNK pathway and, thus, promoted cardiomyocyte survival and mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, Mst1 overexpression abolished the beneficial effects of melatonin and irisin in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our results confirmed that melatonin and irisin combination treatment could protect heart against sepsis-induced myocardial depression via modulating the Mst1-JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichun Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankai Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengfan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Sulin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Gao J, Wang H, Li Y, Li W. Resveratrol attenuates cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury via modulating mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis and activating AMPK-Mfn1 pathway. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:337-349. [PMID: 31867811 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) has not been fully described. Accordingly, there is little effective drug available for the treatment of cerebral IRI. The aim of our study was to explore the exact role played by Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial protection in cerebral IRI and evaluate the beneficial action of resveratrol on reperfused brain. Our study demonstrated that hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury caused N2a cell apoptosis and this process was highly affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and an activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were noted in HR-treated N2a cells. Interestingly, resveratrol treatment could attenuate N2a cell apoptosis via sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Further, we found that resveratrol modulated mitochondrial performance via activating the Mfn1-related mitochondrial protective system. Knockdown of Mfn1 could abolish the beneficial effects of resveratrol on HR-treated N2a cells. Besides, we also report that resveratrol regulated Mfn1 expression via the AMPK pathway; inhibition of AMPK pathway also neutralized the anti-apoptotic effect of resveratrol on N2a cells in the setting of cerebral IRI. Taken together our results show that mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the progression of cerebral IRI. In addition we also demonstrate the protective action played by resveratrol on reperfused brain and show that this effect is achieved via activating the AMPK-Mfn1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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