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Feng WJ, Mou J, Liao PP, Zhou J, Zhang NN, Hu T, Wang S, Zhang SY, Mao YJ. Alginate oligosaccharides exert protective effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by regulating the redox state of cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2835-2844. [PMID: 39184993 PMCID: PMC11339193 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a known independent risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Here, we evaluated potential effects and possible mechanisms through which alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) affect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. A series of AOS molecules, including oligoM, oligoG, M-5, and G-5, were investigated. AOS significantly decreased SA-β-gal and DAPI-stained positive cells, downregulated p53 and p21 (aging-related markers) expression, and eventually protected H9C2 cells from H2O2-induced senescence. AOS decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production, recovered mitochondrial function, and alleviated the oxidative stress state by regulating PGC-1α and NADPH oxidase subunit expression. Furthermore, AOS treatment restored the expression of antioxidant enzymes in senescent H9C2 cells. Thus, our results show in vitro evidence that AOS alleviate senescence in H9C2 cells by regulating the redox state; thus, AOS may be an effective therapeutic agent that could protect against cardiomyocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-jing Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021 Shandong China
| | - Jie Mou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Ping-ping Liao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Nan-nan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266073 China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Shi-yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Yong-jun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
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2
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Boonpraman N, Yi SS. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1961-1966. [PMID: 38227522 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are defined by inflammation and the damage neurons undergo due to oxidative stress. A primary reactive oxygen species contributor in the central nervous system, NADPH oxidase 4, is viewed as a potential therapeutic touchstone and indicative marker for these ailments. This in-depth review brings to light distinct features of NADPH oxidase 4, responsible for generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, emphasizing its pivotal role in activating glial cells, inciting inflammation, and disturbing neuronal functions. Significantly, malfunctioning astrocytes, forming the majority in the central nervous system, play a part in advancing neurodegenerative diseases, due to their reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factor secretion. Our study reveals that aiming at NADPH oxidase 4 within astrocytes could be a viable treatment pathway to reduce oxidative damage and halt neurodegenerative processes. Adjusting NADPH oxidase 4 activity might influence the neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, including myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, offering better prospects for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review sheds light on the role of NADPH oxidase 4 in neural degeneration, emphasizing its drug target potential, and paving the path for novel treatment approaches to combat these severe conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napissara Boonpraman
- BK21 four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- BK21 four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
- iConnectome, Co., Ltd., Cheonan, South Korea
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3
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Karaś A, Bar A, Pandian K, Jasztal A, Kuryłowicz Z, Kutryb-Zając B, Buczek E, Rocchetti S, Mohaissen T, Jędrzejewska A, Harms AC, Kaczara P, Chłopicki S. Functional deterioration of vascular mitochondrial and glycolytic capacity in the aortic rings of aged mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:3831-3844. [PMID: 38418756 PMCID: PMC11226416 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular ageing is associated with increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular mortality that might be linked to altered vascular energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to establish a Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer-based methodology for the reliable, functional assessment of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in single murine aortic rings and to validate this functional assay by characterising alterations in vascular energy metabolism in aged mice. Healthy young and old C57BL/6 mice were used for the analyses. An optimised setup consisting of the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer and Seahorse Spheroid Microplates was applied for the mitochondrial stress test and the glycolysis stress test on the isolated murine aortic rings, supplemented with analysis of NAD content in the aorta. To confirm the age-dependent stiffness of the vasculature, pulse wave velocity was measured in vivo. In addition, the activity of vascular nitric oxide synthase and vascular wall morphology were analysed ex vivo. The vascular ageing phenotype in old mice was confirmed by increased aortic stiffness, vascular wall remodelling, and nitric oxide synthase activity impairment. The rings of the aorta taken from old mice showed changes in vascular energy metabolism, including impaired spare respiratory capacity, maximal respiration, glycolysis, and glycolytic capacity, as well as a fall in the NAD pool. In conclusion, optimised Seahorse XFe96-based analysis to study energy metabolism in single aortic rings of murine aorta revealed a robust impairment of functional vascular respiratory and glycolytic capacity in old mice linked to NAD deficiency that coincided with age-related aortic wall remodelling and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Karaś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kanchana Pandian
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein Road 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kuryłowicz
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zając
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debniki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefano Rocchetti
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Jędrzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debniki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Amy C Harms
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein Road 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Stefan Chłopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
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Li C, Liu L, Li S, Liu YS. N 6-Methyladenosine in Vascular Aging and Related Diseases: Clinical Perspectives. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1447-1473. [PMID: 37815911 PMCID: PMC11272212 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to progressive deterioration of the structure and function of arteries, which eventually contributes to the development of vascular aging-related diseases. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic RNAs. This reversible m6A RNA modification is dynamically regulated by writers, erasers, and readers, playing a critical role in various physiological and pathological conditions by affecting almost all stages of the RNA life cycle. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of m6A in vascular aging and related diseases, shedding light on its potential clinical significance. In this paper, we comprehensively discuss the current understanding of m6A in vascular aging and its clinical implications. We discuss the molecular insights into m6A and its association with clinical realities, emphasizing its significance in unraveling the mechanisms underlying vascular aging. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of m6A and its regulators as clinical indicators for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction and investigate the therapeutic potential of m6A-associated anti-aging approaches. We also examine the challenges and future directions in this field and highlight the necessity of integrating m6A knowledge into patient-centered care. Finally, we emphasize the need for multidisciplinary collaboration to advance the field of m6A research and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Vendrov AE, Lozhkin A, Hayami T, Levin J, Silveira Fernandes Chamon J, Abdel-Latif A, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming induce macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype switch and atherosclerosis progression in aging. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1410832. [PMID: 38975335 PMCID: PMC11224442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1410832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging increases the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications. Macrophages are pivotal in the pathogenesis of vascular aging, driving inflammation and atherosclerosis progression. NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) expression increases with age, correlating with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that the NOX4-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes aging-associated atherosclerosis progression by causing metabolic dysfunction and inflammatory phenotype switch in macrophages. Methods We studied atherosclerotic lesion morphology and macrophage phenotype in young (5-month-old) and aged (16-month-old) Nox4 -/-/Apoe -/- and Apoe -/- mice fed Western diet. Results Young Nox4-/-/Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- mice had comparable aortic and brachiocephalic artery atherosclerotic lesion cross-sectional areas. Aged mice showed significantly increased lesion area compared with young mice. Aged Nox4-/-/Apoe-/- had significantly lower lesion areas than Apoe-/- mice. Compared with Apoe-/- mice, atherosclerotic lesions in aged Nox4-/-/Apoe-/- showed reduced cellular and mitochondrial ROS and oxidative DNA damage, lower necrotic core area, higher collagen content, and decreased inflammatory cytokine expression. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis revealed that aged Apoe-/- mice had a higher percentage of classically activated pro-inflammatory macrophages (CD38+CD80+) in the lesions. Aged Nox4-/-/Apoe-/- mice had a significantly higher proportion of alternatively activated pro-resolving macrophages (EGR2+/CD163+CD206+) in the lesions, with an increased CD38+/EGR2+ cell ratio compared with Apoe-/- mice. Mitochondrial respiration assessment revealed impaired oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolytic ATP production in macrophages from aged Apoe-/- mice. In contrast, macrophages from Nox4-/-/Apoe-/- mice were less glycolytic and more aerobic, with preserved basal and maximal respiration and mitochondrial ATP production. Macrophages from Nox4-/-/Apoe-/- mice also had lower mitochondrial ROS levels and reduced IL1β secretion; flow cytometry analysis showed fewer CD38+ cells after IFNγ+LPS treatment and more EGR2+ cells after IL4 treatment than in Apoe-/- macrophages. In aged Apoe-/- mice, inhibition of NOX4 activity using GKT137831 significantly reduced macrophage mitochondrial ROS and improved mitochondrial function, resulting in decreased CD68+CD80+ and increased CD163+CD206+ lesion macrophage proportion and attenuated atherosclerosis. Discussion Our findings suggest that increased NOX4 in aging drives macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction, glycolytic metabolic switch, and pro-inflammatory phenotype, advancing atherosclerosis. Inhibiting NOX4 or mitochondrial dysfunction could alleviate vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, preserving plaque integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr E. Vendrov
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Takayuki Hayami
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Julia Levin
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jamille Silveira Fernandes Chamon
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marschall S. Runge
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nageswara R. Madamanchi
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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6
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Casper E, El Wakeel L, Sabri N, Khorshid R, Fahmy SF. Melatonin: A potential protective multifaceted force for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2024; 346:122611. [PMID: 38580195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition manifested by organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Lung, brain, liver, kidney, and heart are among the affected organs. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is a common cause of death among septic patients. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by an acute and reversible significant decline in biventricular both systolic and diastolic function. This is accompanied by left ventricular dilatation. The pathogenesis underlying sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is multifactorial. Hence, targeting an individual pathway may not be effective in halting the extensive dysregulated immune response. Despite major advances in sepsis management strategies, no effective pharmacological strategies have been shown to treat or even reverse sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Melatonin, namely, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is synthesized in the pineal gland of mammals and can also be produced in many cells and tissues. Melatonin has cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-tumor activity. Several literature reviews have explored the role of melatonin in preventing sepsis-induced organ failure. Melatonin was found to act on different pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Through its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, it offers a potential role in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Its antioxidant activity is through free radical scavenging against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modulating the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Melatonin anti-inflammatory activities control the overactive immune system and mitigate cytokine storm. Also, it mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction, a major mechanism involved in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and thus controls apoptosis. Therefore, this review discusses melatonin as a promising drug for the management of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Casper
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Lamia El Wakeel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ramy Khorshid
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ain Shams University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sarah F Fahmy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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7
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Fan G, Lu J, Zha J, Guo W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang L. TAK1 in Vascular Signaling: "Friend or Foe"? J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3031-3041. [PMID: 38770174 PMCID: PMC11104388 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of normal vascular function and homeostasis is largely dependent on the signaling mechanisms that occur within and between cells of the vasculature. TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a multifaceted signaling molecule, has been shown to play critical roles in various tissue types. Although the precise function of TAK1 in the vasculature remains largely unknown, emerging evidence suggests its potential involvement in both physiological and pathological processes. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies, PubMed, Web of Science, and other relevant databases were systematically searched using keywords related to TAK1, TABs and MAP3K7.In this review, we discussed the role of TAK1 in vascular signaling, with a focus on its function, activation, and related signaling pathways. Specifically, we highlight the TA1-TABs complex is a key factor, regulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) involved in the processes of inflammation, vascular proliferation and angiogenesis. This mini review aims to elucidate the evidence supporting TAK1 signaling in the vasculature, in order to better comprehend its beneficial and potential harmful effects upon TAK1 activation in vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingfen Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Zha
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Marshall AG, Neikirk K, Afolabi J, Mwesigwa N, Shao B, Kirabo A, Reddy AK, Hinton A. Update on the Use of Pulse Wave Velocity to Measure Age-Related Vascular Changes. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:131-140. [PMID: 38159167 PMCID: PMC10955453 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important and well-established measure of arterial stiffness that is strongly associated with aging. Age-related alterations in the elastic properties and integrity of arterial walls can lead to cardiovascular disease. PWV measurements play an important role in the early detection of these changes, as well as other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge of the effects of aging on arterial stiffness, as measured by PWV. RECENT FINDINGS This review highlights recent findings showing the applicability of PWV analysis for investigating heart failure, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases, as well as cerebrovascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease. It also discusses the clinical implications of utilizing PWV to monitor treatment outcomes, various challenges in implementing PWV assessment in clinical practice, and the development of new technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, which may improve the usefulness of PWV measurements in the future. Measuring arterial stiffness through PWV remains an important technique to study aging, especially as the technology continues to evolve. There is a clear need to leverage PWV to identify interventions that mitigate age-related increases in PWV, potentially improving CVD outcomes and promoting healthy vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah Afolabi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 750 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-0615, USA
| | - Naome Mwesigwa
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 750 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-0615, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 750 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-0615, USA
| | - Anilkumar K Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Santos EW, Khatoon S, Di Mise A, Zheng YM, Wang YX. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Pulmonary Hypertension. Biomedicines 2023; 12:53. [PMID: 38255160 PMCID: PMC10813473 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for energy production, calcium homeostasis, redox signaling, and other cellular responses involved in pulmonary vascular biology and disease processes. Mitochondrial homeostasis depends on a balance in mitochondrial fusion and fission (dynamics). Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by a viable circadian clock. Hypoxia and nicotine exposure can cause dysfunctions in mitochondrial dynamics, increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and calcium concentration, and decreases in ATP production. These mitochondrial changes contribute significantly to pulmonary vascular oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, contractile dysfunction, pathologic remodeling, and eventually pulmonary hypertension. In this review article, therefore, we primarily summarize recent advances in basic, translational, and clinical studies of circadian roles in mitochondrial metabolism in the pulmonary vasculature. This knowledge may not only be crucial to fully understanding the development of pulmonary hypertension, but also greatly help to create new therapeutic strategies for treating this devastating disease and other related pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Wilson Santos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Subika Khatoon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
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10
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Molnár AÁ, Pásztor DT, Tarcza Z, Merkely B. Cells in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Cellular Senescence from Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17129. [PMID: 38138958 PMCID: PMC10743093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis through different complex pathways including replicative cellular senescence and age-related clonal hematopoiesis. In addition to aging, extracellular stress factors, such as mechanical and oxidative stress, can induce cellular senescence, defined as premature cellular senescence. Senescent cells can accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques over time and contribute to plaque instability. This review summarizes the role of cellular senescence in the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and highlights the most important senotherapeutics tested in cardiovascular studies targeting senescence. Continued bench-to-bedside research in cellular senescence might allow the future implementation of new effective anti-atherosclerotic preventive and treatment strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ágnes Molnár
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (D.T.P.); (Z.T.); (B.M.)
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11
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Kim SG, Sung JY, Kang YJ, Choi HC. PPARγ activation by fisetin mitigates vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via the mTORC2-FoxO3a-autophagy signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115892. [PMID: 37890594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is caused by diverse stimuli and contributes to cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have indicated that PPARγ acts as a key mediator of lipid metabolism and shown that it has a protective effect on vascular biology. Nevertheless, the mechanism responsible for the anti-aging effects of PPARγ has not been fully elucidated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). Furthermore, although mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) is known to be involved in cellular senescence and autophagy, relatively few studies have investigated its effects as compared with mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Therefore, we focused on mTORC2 function and investigated the relationship between PPARγ and mTORC2, and the anti-aging mechanism in VSMC. We found PPARγ activation dose-dependently mitigated the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence. Treatment of fisetin induced the translocation of PPARγ from cytosol to nuclear and inhibited VSMC senescence. Moreover, activated PPARγ increased PTEN transcription, leading to inhibition of the mTORC2 signaling pathway. We determined mTORC2 activation contributed to senescence by suppressing the FoxO3a-autophagy signaling pathway, and dual knockdown of mTORC1 and mTORC2 decreased cellular senescence and increased autophagy activation more than respective single knockdown. Finally, fisetin acted as a PPARγ activator and inhibited VSMC senescence through the mTORC2-FoxO3a-autophagy signaling pathway. These results demonstrate PPARγ is associated with cellular senescence and that fisetin has an anti-aging effect via PPARγ activation and mTORC2 inhibition in VSMC. These results demonstrate that the mTORC2 signaling pathway regulates autophagy and cellular senescence, which suggests mTORC2 should be considered a significant target for preventing cellular senescence and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yang K, Velagapudi S, Akhmedov A, Kraler S, Lapikova-Bryhinska T, Schmiady MO, Wu X, Geng L, Camici GG, Xu A, Lüscher TF. Chronic SIRT1 supplementation in diabetic mice improves endothelial function by suppressing oxidative stress. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2190-2201. [PMID: 37401647 PMCID: PMC10578911 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Enhancing SIRT1 activity exerts beneficial cardiovascular effects. In diabetes, plasma SIRT1 levels are reduced. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of chronic recombinant murine SIRT1 (rmSIRT1) supplementation to alleviate endothelial and vascular dysfunction in diabetic mice (db/db). METHODS AND RESULTS Left internal mammary arteries obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with or without a diagnosis of diabetes were assayed for SIRT1 protein levels. Twelve-week-old male db/db mice and db/+ controls were treated with vehicle or rmSIRT1 intraperitoneally for 4 weeks, after which carotid artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) and energy expenditure/activity were assessed by ultrasound and metabolic cages, respectively. Aorta, carotid, and mesenteric arteries were isolated to determine endothelial and vascular function using the myograph system.Arteries obtained from diabetic patients had significantly lower levels of SIRT1 relative to non-diabetics. In line, aortic SIRT1 levels were reduced in db/db mice compared to db/+ mice, while rmSIRT1 supplementation restored SIRT1 levels. Mice receiving rmSIRT1 supplementation displayed increased physical activity and improved vascular compliance as reflected by reduced PWV and attenuated collagen deposition. Aorta of rmSIRT1-treated mice exhibited increased endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activity, while endothelium-dependent contractions of their carotid arteries were significantly decreased, with mesenteric resistance arteries showing preserved hyperpolarization. Ex vivo incubation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger Tiron and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin revealed that rmSIRT1 leads to preserved vascular function by suppressing NADPH oxidase (NOX)-related ROS synthesis. Chronic rmSIRT1 treatment resulted in reduced expression of both NOX1 and NOX4, in line with a reduction in aortic protein carbonylation and plasma nitrotyrosine levels. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic conditions, arterial SIRT1 levels are significantly reduced. Chronic rmSIRT1 supplementation improves endothelial function and vascular compliance by enhancing eNOS activity and suppressing NOX-related oxidative stress. Thus, SIRT1 supplementation may represent novel therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Yang
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Srividya Velagapudi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin O Schmiady
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road 21, Pok Fu Lam, 000000 Hong Kong, China
| | - Leiluo Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road 21, Pok Fu Lam, 000000 Hong Kong, China
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road 21, Pok Fu Lam, 000000 Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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13
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Ramos-Mondragón R, Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Runge MS, Isom LL, Madamanchi NR. NADPH Oxidases and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1833. [PMID: 37891912 PMCID: PMC10604902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and its prevalence increases with age. The irregular and rapid contraction of the atria can lead to ineffective blood pumping, local blood stasis, blood clots, ischemic stroke, and heart failure. NADPH oxidases (NOX) and mitochondria are the main sources of reactive oxygen species in the heart, and dysregulated activation of NOX and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with AF pathogenesis. NOX- and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress contribute to the onset of paroxysmal AF by inducing electrophysiological changes in atrial myocytes and structural remodeling in the atria. Because high atrial activity causes cardiac myocytes to expend extremely high energy to maintain excitation-contraction coupling during persistent AF, mitochondria, the primary energy source, undergo metabolic stress, affecting their morphology, Ca2+ handling, and ATP generation. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in activating AF-triggered activities, regulating intracellular Ca2+ handling, and functional and anatomical reentry mechanisms, all of which are associated with AF initiation, perpetuation, and progression. Changes in the extracellular matrix, inflammation, ion channel expression and function, myofibril structure, and mitochondrial function occur during the early transitional stages of AF, opening a window of opportunity to target NOX and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress using isoform-specific NOX inhibitors and mitochondrial ROS scavengers, as well as drugs that improve mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism to treat persistent AF and its transition to permanent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 2301 Medical Science Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.R.-M.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Aleksandr E. Vendrov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Marschall S. Runge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Lori L. Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 2301 Medical Science Research Building III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.R.-M.); (L.L.I.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nageswara R. Madamanchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA; (A.L.); (A.E.V.); (M.S.R.)
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14
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of peroxiredoxins in aged hearts. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111859. [PMID: 37661065 PMCID: PMC11103240 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related cardiovascular disease is influenced by multiple factors, with oxidative stress being a key contributor. Aging-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress exacerbates oxidative stress by impairing mitochondrial function. Furthermore, a decline in antioxidants, including peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), augments the oxidative stress during aging. To explore if ER stress leads to PRDX degradation during aging, young adult (3 mo.) and aged (24 mo.) male mice were studied. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was used to alleviate ER stress in young adult and aged mice. Aged hearts showed elevated oxidative stress levels compared to young hearts. However, treatment with 4-PBA to attenuate ER stress reduced oxidative stress in aged hearts, indicating that ER stress contributes to increased oxidative stress in aging. Moreover, aging resulted in reduced levels of peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) in mitochondria and peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) in myocardium. While 4-PBA treatment improved PRDX3 content in aged hearts, it did not restore PRDX4 content in aged mice. These findings suggest that ER stress not only leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant stress but also impairs a vital antioxidant defense through decreased PRDX3 content. Additionally, the results suggest that PRDX4 may contribute an upstream role in inducing ER stress during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
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15
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Liu S, Wu J, Stolarz A, Zhang H, Boerma M, Byrum SD, Rusch NJ, Ding Z. PCSK9 attenuates efferocytosis in endothelial cells and promotes vascular aging. Theranostics 2023; 13:2914-2929. [PMID: 37284459 PMCID: PMC10240829 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease that binds to low-density lipoprotein receptors. Efferocytosis is the process by which phagocytes remove apoptotic cells. Both PCSK9 and efferocytosis play important roles in regulating redox biology and inflammation, the key factors contributing to vascular aging. This study was designed to investigate the impact of PCSK9 on efferocytosis in endothelial cells (ECs) and its implications in vascular aging. Methods and Results: Studies were performed in primary human aortic ECs (HAECs) and primary mouse aortic ECs (MAECs) isolated from male wild-type (WT) and PCSK9-/- mice, and in young and aged mice treated with saline or the PCSK9 inhibitor Pep2-8. Our findings include that recombinant PCSK9 protein induces defective efferocytosis and aging marker senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) expression in ECs, while PCSK9-/- restores efferocytosis and inhibits SA-β-gal activity. Further studies in aged mice showed that endothelial deficiency of MerTK, a critical receptor for efferocytosis that allows phagocytes to detect the presence of apoptotic cells, may be an indicator of vascular dysfunction in the aortic arch. Pep2-8 treatment markedly restored efferocytosis in endothelium from the aged mice. A proteomics study in the aortic arch from aged mice revealed that Pep2-8 administration significantly downregulates expression of NOX4, MAPK subunits, NF-κB, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, all known to promote vascular aging. Immunofluorescent staining showed that Pep2-8 administration upregulates expression of eNOS and downregulates expression of pro-IL-1β, NF-κB and p22phox compared to saline treated group. Conclusions: These findings provide initial evidence for the ability of aortic ECs to accomplish efferocytosis and argue for a role of PCSK9 in attenuating EC efferocytosis, thereby leading to vascular dysfunction and acceleration in vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amanda Stolarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nancy J Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Zufeng Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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16
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Suda M, Paul KH, Minamino T, Miller JD, Lerman A, Ellison-Hughes GM, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Senescent Cells: A Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1296. [PMID: 37174697 PMCID: PMC10177324 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cell accumulation has been observed in age-associated diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Senescent cells lack proliferative capacity and secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors that may cause or worsen many cardiovascular diseases. Therapies targeting senescent cells, especially senolytic drugs that selectively induce senescent cell removal, have been shown to delay, prevent, alleviate, or treat multiple age-associated diseases in preclinical models. Some senolytic clinical trials have already been completed or are underway for a number of diseases and geriatric syndromes. Understanding how cellular senescence affects the various cell types in the cardiovascular system, such as endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, progenitor cells, and cardiomyocytes, is important to facilitate translation of senotherapeutics into clinical interventions. This review highlights: (1) the characteristics of senescent cells and their involvement in cardiovascular diseases, focusing on the aforementioned cardiovascular cell types, (2) evidence about senolytic drugs and other senotherapeutics, and (3) the future path and clinical potential of senotherapeutics for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Suda
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Karl H. Paul
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Jordan D. Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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17
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Kim SG, Sung JY, Kang YJ, Choi HC. Fisetin alleviates cellular senescence through PTEN mediated inhibition of PKCδ-NOX1 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 108:104927. [PMID: 36645971 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key risk factor of cellular senescence and age-related diseases, and protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to activate NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which generate ROS. Although PKC activation induces oxidative stress, leading to the cellular dysfunction in various cell types, the correlation between PKC and senescence has not been reported in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). Several studies have indicated cellular senescence is accompanied by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss and that an interaction exists between PTEN and PKC. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether PTEN and PKC are associated with VSMC senescence and to investigate the mechanism involved. We found hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decreased PTEN expression and increased PKCδ phosphorylation. Moreover, H2O2 upregulated the NOX1 subunits, p22phox and p47phox, and induced VSMC senescence via p53-p21 signaling pathway. We identified PKCδ activation contributed to VSMC senescence through activation of NOX1 and ROS production. However, fisetin inhibited cellular senescence induced by the PTEN-PKCδ-NOX1-ROS signaling pathway, and this anti-aging effect was attributed to reduced ROS production caused by suppressing NOX1 activation. These results suggest that the PTEN-PCKδ signaling pathway is directly related to senescence via NOX1 activation and that the downregulation of PKCδ by flavonoids provides a potential means of treating age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea; Senotherapy-based Metabolic Disease Control Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-Ro, Nam-Gu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Meng J, Geng Q, Jin S, Teng X, Xiao L, Wu Y, Tian D. Exercise protects vascular function by countering senescent cells in older adults. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1138162. [PMID: 37089434 PMCID: PMC10118010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1138162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are key conduits for the transport of blood and circulating factors. Abnormalities in blood vessels promote cardiovascular disease (CVD), which has become the most common disease as human lifespans extend. Aging itself is not pathogenic; however, the decline of physiological and biological function owing to aging has been linked to CVD. Although aging is a complex phenomenon that has not been comprehensively investigated, there is accumulating evidence that cellular senescence aggravates various pathological changes associated with aging. Emerging evidence shows that approaches that suppress or eliminate cellular senescence preserve vascular function in aging-related CVD. However, most pharmacological therapies for treating age-related CVD are inefficient. Therefore, effective approaches to treat CVD are urgently required. The benefits of exercise for the cardiovascular system have been well documented in basic research and clinical studies; however, the mechanisms and optimal frequency of exercise for promoting cardiovascular health remain unknown. Accordingly, in this review, we have discussed the changes in senescent endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that occur in the progress of CVD and the roles of physical activity in CVD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Meng
- Department of Sports, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Geng
- Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Li Y, Yang S, Jin X, Li D, Lu J, Wang X, Wu M. Mitochondria as novel mediators linking gut microbiota to atherosclerosis that is ameliorated by herbal medicine: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1082817. [PMID: 36733506 PMCID: PMC9886688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is characterized by endothelial damage, lipid deposition, and chronic inflammation. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AS by regulating host metabolism and immunity. As human mitochondria evolved from primordial bacteria have homologous characteristics, they are attacked by microbial pathogens as target organelles, thus contributing to energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondria may be a key mediator of intestinal microbiota disorders and AS aggravation. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, and bile acids, also affect mitochondrial function, including mtDNA mutation, oxidative stress, and mitophagy, promoting low-grade inflammation. This further damages cellular homeostasis and the balance of innate immunity, aggravating AS. Herbal medicines and their monomers can effectively ameliorate the intestinal flora and their metabolites, improve mitochondrial function, and inhibit atherosclerotic plaques. This review focuses on the interaction between gut microbiota and mitochondria in AS and explores a therapeutic strategy for restoring mitochondrial function and intestinal microbiota disorders using herbal medicines, aiming to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Min Wu,
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20
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Coll-Bonfill N, Mahajan U, Shashkova EV, Lin CJ, Mecham RP, Gonzalo S. Progerin induces a phenotypic switch in vascular smooth muscle cells and triggers replication stress and an aging-associated secretory signature. GeroScience 2022; 45:965-982. [PMID: 36482259 PMCID: PMC9886737 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a premature aging disease caused by LMNA gene mutation and the production of a truncated prelamin A protein "progerin" that elicits cellular and organismal toxicity. Progerin accumulates in the vasculature, being especially detrimental for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Vessel stiffening and aortic atherosclerosis in HGPS patients are accompanied by VSMC depletion in the medial layer, altered extracellular matrix (ECM), and thickening of the adventitial layer. Mechanisms whereby progerin causes massive VSMC loss and vessel alterations remain poorly understood. Mature VSMC retain phenotypic plasticity and can switch to a synthetic/proliferative phenotype. Here, we show that progerin expression in human and mouse VSMC causes a switch towards the synthetic phenotype. This switch elicits some level of replication stress in normal cells, which is exacerbated in the presence of progerin, leading to telomere fragility, genomic instability, and ultimately VSMC death. Calcitriol prevents replication stress, telomere fragility, and genomic instability, reducing VSMC death. In addition, RNA-seq analysis shows induction of a profibrotic and pro-inflammatory aging-associated secretory phenotype upon progerin expression in human primary VSMC. Our data suggest that phenotypic switch-induced replication stress might be an underlying cause of VSMC loss in progeria, which together with loss of contractile features and gain of profibrotic and pro-inflammatory signatures contribute to vascular stiffness in HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Coll-Bonfill
- grid.262962.b0000 0004 1936 9342Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Urvashi Mahajan
- grid.262962.b0000 0004 1936 9342Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Elena V. Shashkova
- grid.262962.b0000 0004 1936 9342Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Chien-Jung Lin
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Cell Biology and Physiology Department & Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108 USA ,grid.262962.b0000 0004 1936 9342Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104 USA
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Cell Biology and Physiology Department & Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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21
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Li YJ, Jin X, Li D, Lu J, Zhang XN, Yang SJ, Zhao YX, Wu M. New insights into vascular aging: Emerging role of mitochondria function. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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22
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Lozhkin A, Vendrov AE, Ramos-Mondragón R, Canugovi C, Stevenson MD, Herron TJ, Hummel SL, Figueroa CA, Bowles DE, Isom LL, Runge MS, Madamanchi NR. Mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to diastolic dysfunction through impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102474. [PMID: 36183542 PMCID: PMC9530618 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction (DD) underlies heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a clinical syndrome associated with aging that is becoming more prevalent. Despite extensive clinical studies, no effective treatment exists for HFpEF. Recent findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of DD, but molecular mechanisms underpinning redox-sensitive cardiac remodeling in DD remain obscure. Using transgenic mice with mitochondria-targeted NOX4 overexpression (Nox4TG618) as a model, we demonstrate that NOX4-dependent mitochondrial oxidative stress induces DD in mice as measured by increased E/E', isovolumic relaxation time, Tau Glantz and reduced dP/dtmin while EF is preserved. In Nox4TG618 mice, fragmentation of cardiomyocyte mitochondria, increased DRP1 phosphorylation, decreased expression of MFN2, and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in the myocardium are associated with lower ATP-driven and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, a decrease in respiratory reserve, and a decrease in citrate synthase and Complex I activities. Transgenic mice have an increased concentration of TGFβ and osteopontin in LV lysates, as well as MCP-1 in plasma, which correlates with a higher percentage of LV myocardial periostin- and ACTA2-positive cells compared with wild-type mice. Accordingly, the levels of ECM as measured by Picrosirius Red staining as well as interstitial deposition of collagen I are elevated in the myocardium of Nox4TG618 mice. The LV tissue of Nox4TG618 mice also exhibited increased ICaL current, calpain 2 expression, and altered/disrupted Z-disc structure. As it pertains to human pathology, similar changes were found in samples of LV from patients with DD. Finally, treatment with GKT137831, a specific NOX1 and NOX4 inhibitor, or overexpression of mCAT attenuated myocardial fibrosis and prevented DD in the Nox4TG618 mice. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to DD by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, activation of fibroblasts, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix, which leads to interstitial fibrosis and passive stiffness of the myocardium. Further, mitochondrial oxidative stress increases cardiomyocyte Ca2+ influx, which worsens CM relaxation and raises the LV filling pressure in conjunction with structural proteolytic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Lozhkin
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Aleksandr E Vendrov
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - R Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chandrika Canugovi
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Mark D Stevenson
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Todd J Herron
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Scott L Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Alberto Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dawn E Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lori L Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marschall S Runge
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA
| | - Nageswara R Madamanchi
- 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 7200 Medical Science Research Building III, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48019, USA.
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23
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Liu YZ, Li ZX, Zhang LL, Wang D, Liu YP. Phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification: Role of mitochondria. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972836. [PMID: 36312244 PMCID: PMC9597684 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an important hallmark of cardiovascular disease, the osteo-/chondrocyte phenotype differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main cause of vascular calcification. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction may ultimately be more detrimental in the VSMCs calcification. Mitochondrial participate in essential cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox homeostasis regulation, intracellular calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Mitochondrial dysfunction under pathological conditions results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and metabolic disorders, which further lead to abnormal phenotypic differentiation of VSMCs. In this review, we summarize existing studies targeting mitochondria as a treatment for VC, and focus on VSMCs, highlighting recent progress in determining the roles of mitochondrial processes in regulating the phenotype transition of VSMCs, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and mitochondria/ER interactions. Along these lines, the impact of mitochondrial homeostasis on VC is discussed.
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24
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Li M, Yun W, Wang G, Li A, Gao J, He Q. Roles and mechanisms of garlic and its extracts on atherosclerosis: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:954938. [PMID: 36263122 PMCID: PMC9574545 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have achieved initial results, but the number of CVDs patients will increase rapidly in the next 10 years. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a significant risk factor for CVDs. The impact of lifestyle and daily diet varies considerably between different countries and continents and has been shown to affect the development of various diseases such as diabetes and CVDs. Primary and secondary prevention using alternative supplements and methods to avoid or reduce the use of traditional pharmacological drugs have also become popular. One of the reasons for this is that pharmacological drugs with lipid-lowering, and blood pressure-lowering effects cause many side effects that may negatively impact the quality of life. Patients are now emphasizing reliance on lifestyle changes to reduce cardiovascular risks. Garlic is a medicinal and edible plant that has been used for a long time. In order to reveal garlic application in the prevention and treatment of AS, reviewing the latest domestic and international studies through searching databases. The result shows that the antiatherogenic role of garlic is eximious. And the mechanisms are mainly related to hypolipidemic, antioxidant, antithrombotic, inhibiting angiogenesis, protecting endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, inhibiting vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and regulating gut microbiota. The main signaling pathways involve AMPK/TLRs, Keap1/Nrf2, PI3K/AKT, PPARγ/LXRα, GEF-H1/RhoA/Rac, etc. The antiatherogenic actions and molecular mechanism of garlic were reviewed in this study to obtain a robust evidence basis for the clinical application and mechanistic study and provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wingyan Yun
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyong He,
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25
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Liu L, Yang X, Liao Y, Wang C, Wang Y. Resveratrol alleviates Ang II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell senescence by upregulating E2F1/SOD2 axis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:831-840. [PMID: 36337239 PMCID: PMC9618109 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) senescence is a crucial factor relevant to accelerate cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol (RES) has been reported that could obstruct vascular senescence. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of RES in VSMCs senescence are still indistinct and deserve further investigations. Methods and Results In this study, VSMCs were treated with 100 nM angiotensin II (Ang II) for 3 days and then followed with a range of different concentrations of RES (0.5, 5, 15, 25, 35, 50 μM), and 25 μM of RES was chose for following experiments. We found that the E2F1 and SOD2 expressions were reduced in Ang II-induced VSMCs. RES treatment impeded Ang II-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction through elevating E2F1 and SOD2 expression, thereby alleviating VSMCs senescence. Additionally, E2F1 knockdown reversed the protective effects of RES on VSMCs senescence caused by Ang II administration. Ch-IP assay and dual luciferase reporter gene assay validated that E2F1 could bind to the promoter region of SOD2. Furthermore, E2F1 or SOD2 overexpression blocked Ang II-induced on VSMCs senescence. Conclusion In conclusion, RES mitigated Ang II-induced VSMCs senescence by suppressing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction through activating E2F1/SOD2 axis. Our study disclosed that RES might be a potential drug and the axis of its regulatory mechanism might be therapeutic targets for postponing vascular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Economic & Trade Senior Technical School, Xiangtan, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Economic & Trade Senior Technical School, Xiangtan, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yiyang Liao
- Hunan Economic & Trade Senior Technical School, Xiangtan, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Chuanhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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26
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Teuber JP, Essandoh K, Hummel SL, Madamanchi NR, Brody MJ. NADPH Oxidases in Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1822. [PMID: 36139898 PMCID: PMC9495396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases regulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative damage to cellular components but also regulate redox signaling in many cell types with essential functions in the cardiovascular system. Research over the past couple of decades has uncovered mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes regulate oxidative stress and compartmentalize intracellular signaling in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and other cell types. NOX2 and NOX4, for example, regulate distinct redox signaling mechanisms in cardiac myocytes pertinent to the onset and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which accounts for at least half of all heart failure cases and has few effective treatments to date, is classically associated with ventricular diastolic dysfunction, i.e., defects in ventricular relaxation and/or filling. However, HFpEF afflicts multiple organ systems and is associated with systemic pathologies including inflammation, oxidative stress, arterial stiffening, cardiac fibrosis, and renal, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Basic science studies and clinical data suggest a role for systemic and myocardial oxidative stress in HFpEF, and evidence from animal models demonstrates the critical functions of NOX enzymes in diastolic function and several HFpEF-associated comorbidities. Here, we discuss the roles of NOX enzymes in cardiovascular cells that are pertinent to the development and progression of diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF and outline potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Teuber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott L. Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | - Matthew J. Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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27
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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Gosav EM, Floria M, Costea CF, Dima N, Tudorancea I, Maranduca MA, Serban IL. Contribution of Oxidative Stress (OS) in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD): From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172663. [PMID: 36078071 PMCID: PMC9454630 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, with increased prevalence and incidence. The underlying mechanisms behind CAVD are complex, and are mainly illustrated by inflammation, mechanical stress (which induces prolonged aortic valve endothelial dysfunction), increased oxidative stress (OS) (which trigger fibrosis), and calcification of valve leaflets. To date, besides aortic valve replacement, there are no specific pharmacological treatments for CAVD. In this review, we describe the mechanisms behind aortic valvular disease, the involvement of OS as a fundamental element in disease progression with predilection in AS, and its two most frequent etiologies (calcific aortic valve disease and bicuspid aortic valve); moreover, we highlight the potential of OS as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Dima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionut Tudorancea
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Cardiology Clinic St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Internal Medicine Clinic, St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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28
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El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Sosa P, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158713. [PMID: 35955849 PMCID: PMC9369066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in compromised functional status in aging. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in older subjects constitute the background for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system alterations. Aged skeletal muscle mass and strength impairment is related to anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and inflammation as well as a reduced antioxidant response and myokine profile. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function stand out as the main cardiovascular alterations related to aging, where increased systemic and vascular oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role. Physical activity and exercise training arise as modifiable determinants of functional outcomes in older persons. Exercise enhances antioxidant response, decreases age-related oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signals, and promotes the activation of anabolic and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle. Additionally, exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness by reducing inflammatory and oxidative damage signaling in vascular tissue together with an increase in antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide availability, globally promoting functional performance and healthy aging. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in aged musculoskeletal and vascular systems and how physical activity/exercise influences functional status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-683-93-60 (ext. 6411)
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29
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Xu H, Li S, Liu YS. Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular aging and related diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:231. [PMID: 35817770 PMCID: PMC9272665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced alternations of vasculature structures, phenotypes, and functions are key in the occurrence and development of vascular aging-related diseases. Multiple molecular and cellular events, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations are highly associated with vascular aging physiopathology. Advances in nanoparticles and nanotechnology, which can realize sensitive diagnostic modalities, efficient medical treatment, and better prognosis as well as less adverse effects on non-target tissues, provide an amazing window in the field of vascular aging and related diseases. Throughout this review, we presented current knowledge on classification of nanoparticles and the relationship between vascular aging and related diseases. Importantly, we comprehensively summarized the potential of nanoparticles-based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in vascular aging and related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, as well as chronic kidney diseases, and discussed the advantages and limitations of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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30
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Zhang S, Wu X, Wang J, Shi Y, Hu Q, Cui W, Bai H, Zhou J, Du Y, Han L, Li L, Feng D, Ge S, Qu Y. Adiponectin/AdiopR1 signaling prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative injury after traumatic brain injury in a SIRT3 dependent manner. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102390. [PMID: 35793583 PMCID: PMC9287731 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative injury, which contribute to worsening of neurological deficits and poor clinical outcomes, are hallmarks of secondary brain injury after TBI. Adiponectin (APN), beyond its well-established regulatory effects on metabolism, is also essential for maintaining normal brain functions by binding APN receptors that are ubiquitously expressed in the brain. Currently, the significance of the APN/APN receptor (AdipoR) signaling pathway in secondary injury after TBI and the specific mechanisms have not been conclusively determined. In this study, we found that APN knockout aggravated brain functional deficits, increased brain edema and lesion volume, and exacerbated oxidative stress as well as apoptosis after TBI. These effects were significantly alleviated after APN receptor agonist (AdipoRon) treatment. Moreover, we found that AdipoR1, rather than AdipoR2, mediated the protective effects of APN/AdipoR signaling against oxidative stress and brain injury after TBI. In neuron-specific AdipoR1 knockout mice, mitochondrial damage was more severe after TBI, indicating a potential association between APN/AdipoR1 signaling inactivation and mitochondrial damage. Mechanistically, neuron-specific knockout of SIRT3, the most important deacetylase in the mitochondria, reversed the neuroprotective effects of AdipoRon after TBI. Then, PRDX3, a critical antioxidant enzyme in the mitochondria, was identified as a vital downstream target of the APN/SIRT3 axis to alleviate oxidative injury after TBI. Finally, we revealed that APN/AdipoR1 signaling promotes SIRT3 transcription by activating the AMPK-PGC pathway. In conclusion, APN/AdipoR1 signaling plays a protective role in post-TBI oxidative damage by restoring the SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis and antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yingwu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wenxing Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Leiyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Shunnan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Zha Y, Zhuang W, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Li H, Liang J. Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:910580. [PMID: 35722104 PMCID: PMC9198250 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.910580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the primary cell type involved in the atherosclerosis process; senescent VSMCs are observed in both aged vessels and atherosclerotic plaques. Factors associated with the atherosclerotic process, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and calcium-regulating factors, are closely linked to senescence in VSMCs. A number of experimental studies using traditional cellular aging markers have suggested that anti-aging biochemical agents could be used to treat atherosclerosis. However, doubt has recently been cast on such potential due to the increasingly apparent complexity of VSMCs status and an incomplete understanding of the role that these cells play in the atherosclerosis process, as well as a lack of specific or spectrum-limited cellular aging markers. The utility of anti-aging drugs in atherosclerosis treatment should be reevaluated. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle, exploring in depth the characteristics of each cell type associated with atherosclerosis, including VSMCs, and development of targeted drug delivery systems will ensure efficacy whilst evaluation of the safety and tolerability of drug use should be key aims of future anti-atherosclerosis research. This review summarizes the characteristics of VSMC senescence during the atherosclerosis process, the factors regulating this process, as well as an overview of progress toward the development and application of anti-aging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zha
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Zhuang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongliang Li,
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jingyan Liang,
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Wang A, Lin Y, Liang B, Zhao X, Qiu M, Huang H, Li C, Wang W, Kong Y. Statins attenuate cholesterol-induced ROS via inhibiting NOX2/NOX4 and mitochondrial pathway in collecting ducts of the kidney. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:184. [PMID: 35562673 PMCID: PMC9102638 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Statins therapy has been primarily recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Statins has also been proved some benefits in lipid-induced kidney diseases. The current study aims to investigate the protection and underlying mechanisms of statins on renal tubular injuries induced by cholesterol overloaded. Methods We used tubular suspensions of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells from rat kidneys and mouse collecting duct cell line mpkCCD cells to investigate the effect of statins on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by cholesterol. Protein and mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) /NOX4 was examined by Western blot and RT-PCR in vitro studies and in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy and high-fat diet. Mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential was observed by Mito-tracker and JC-1. Results Statins treatment was associated with decreased NOX2 and NOX4 protein expression and mRNA levels in 5/6Nx rats with high-fat diet. Statins treatment markedly reduced the ROS production in IMCD suspensions and mpkCCD cells. Also, statins reduced NOX2 and NOX4 protein expression and mRNA levels in cholesterol overload mpkCCD cells and improved mitochondrial morphology and function. Conclusion Statins prevented ROS production induced by cholesterol in the kidney, likely through inhibiting NOXs protein expression and improving mitochondrial function. Statins may be a therapeutic option in treating obesity-associated kidney diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02815-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, The 5thAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospitial, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Baien Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miaojuan Qiu
- Research Center, The 7th Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The 8th Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yonglun Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Dai C, Li M, Sun T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shen Z, Velkov T, Tang S, Shen J. Colistin-induced pulmonary toxicity involves the activation of NOX4/TGF-β/mtROS pathway and the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112966. [PMID: 35378205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colistin therapy can cause pulmonary toxicity, however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism remains incomplete. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of colistin-induced pulmonary toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that intraperitoneal colistin treatment significantly increased the expression of TGF-β and NOX4 protein and mRNA, then triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the lung tissue of mice and A549 cells. Moreover, colistin treatment significantly increased levels of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and autophagy flux in A549 cells. Inhibition of NOX4 protected A549 cells against colistin-induced mtROS and apoptosis. Colistin treatment also down-regulated the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR proteins (all P < 0.05 or 0.01) in lung tissues of mice or A549 cells. Inhibition of autophagy or Akt pathways by chloroquine (CQ), 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) or LY294002 promoted colistin-induced mitochondrial damage, and caspase-dependent cellular apoptosis. Whereas, activation of autophagy by rapamycin pretreatment of A549 cells partly abolished colistin-induced cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. This is first study to show that colistin-induced pulmonary toxicity involves the activation of TGF-β/NOX4/mtROS pathway and the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway in lung tissues of mice and highlights the key protective role of autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Meng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Tun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Shusheng Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Oxidative Injury in Ischemic Stroke: A Focus on NADPH Oxidase 4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1148874. [PMID: 35154560 PMCID: PMC8831073 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1148874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Thus, it is urgent to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms and find new therapeutic strategies for its successful treatment. The relationship between oxidative stress and ischemic stroke is increasingly appreciated and attracting considerable attention. ROS serves as a source of oxidative stress. It is a byproduct of mitochondrial metabolism but primarily a functional product of NADPH oxidases (NOX) family members. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is most closely related to the formation of ROS during ischemic stroke. Its expression is significantly upregulated after cerebral ischemia, making it a promising target for treating ischemic stroke. Several drugs targeting NOX4, such as SCM-198, Iso, G-Rb1, betulinic acid, and electroacupuncture, have shown efficacy as treatments of ischemic stroke. MTfp-NOX4 POC provides a novel insight for the treatment of stroke. Combinations of these therapies also provide new approaches for the therapy of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the subcellular location, expression, and pathophysiological mechanisms of NOX4 in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies and related regulatory mechanisms for treating ischemic stroke. We further comment on the shortcomings of current NOX4-targeted therapy studies and the direction for improvement.
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Liang S, Yegambaram M, Wang T, Wang J, Black SM, Tang H. Mitochondrial Metabolism, Redox, and Calcium Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020341. [PMID: 35203550 PMCID: PMC8961787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, secondary to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling. Work over the last decade has led to the identification of a critical role for metabolic reprogramming in the PAH pathogenesis. It is becoming clear that in addition to its role in ATP generation, the mitochondrion is an important organelle that regulates complex and integrative metabolic- and signal transduction pathways. This review focuses on mitochondrial metabolism alterations that occur in deranged pulmonary vessels and the right ventricle, including abnormalities in glycolysis and glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, glutaminolysis, redox homeostasis, as well as iron and calcium metabolism. Further understanding of these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms could provide viable therapeutic approaches for PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (H.T.)
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PGF2α-FP Receptor Ameliorates Senescence of VSMCs in Vascular Remodeling by Src/PAI-1 Signal Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2908261. [PMID: 35126810 PMCID: PMC8813271 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2908261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is involved in vascular remodeling of aged mice. ProstaglandinF2α- (PGF2α-) FP receptor plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), hypertension, and cardiac fibrosis. However, its role in senescence-induced arteriosclerosis is yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that FP receptor expression increased in aged mouse aortas and senescence VSMCs. FP receptor gene silencing can ameliorate vascular aging and inhibit oxidative stress, thereby reducing the expression of PAI-1, inhibiting the activation of MMPs, and ultimately improving the excessive deposition of ECM and delaying the process of vascular fibrosis. FP receptor could promote VSMC senescence by upregulated Src/PAI-1 signal pathway, and inhibited FP receptor/Src/PAI-1 pathway could ameliorate VSMCs aging in vitro, evidenced by the decrease of senescence-related proteins P16, P21, P53, and GLB1 expressions. These results suggested that FP receptor is a promoter of vascular aging, by inducing cellular aging, oxidative stress, and vascular remodeling via Src and PAI-1 upregulation.
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Cox FF, Misiou A, Vierkant A, Ale-Agha N, Grandoch M, Haendeler J, Altschmied J. Protective Effects of Curcumin in Cardiovascular Diseases—Impact on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030342. [PMID: 35159155 PMCID: PMC8833931 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute to a large part of worldwide mortality. Similarly, two of the major risk factors for these diseases, aging and obesity, are also global problems. Aging, the gradual decline of body functions, is non-modifiable. Obesity, a modifiable risk factor for CVDs, also predisposes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, it affects not only the vasculature and the heart but also specific fat depots, which themselves have a major impact on the development and progression of CVDs. Common denominators of aging, obesity, and T2DM include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities such as altered lipid profiles and glucose metabolism, and inflammation. Several plant substances such as curcumin, the major active compound in turmeric root, have been used for a long time in traditional medicine and for the treatment of CVDs. Newer mechanistic, animal, and human studies provide evidence that curcumin has pleiotropic effects and attenuates numerous parameters which contribute to an increased risk for CVDs in aging as well as in obesity. Thus, curcumin as a nutraceutical could hold promise in the prevention of CVDs, but more standardized clinical trials are required to fully unravel its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Frederike Cox
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Angelina Misiou
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Annika Vierkant
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.A.); Tel.: +49-211-3389-291 (J.H. & J.A.); Fax: +49-211-3389-331 (J.H. & J.A.)
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.A.); Tel.: +49-211-3389-291 (J.H. & J.A.); Fax: +49-211-3389-331 (J.H. & J.A.)
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Bi Y, Lei X, Chai N, Linghu E. NOX4: a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer and its mechanism. J Transl Med 2021; 19:515. [PMID: 34930338 PMCID: PMC8686284 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4) is one of the seven isoforms of NOX family, which is upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell, mouse model of pancreatic cancer and human pancreatic cancer tissue. NOX4 is a constitutively active enzyme that primarily produces hydrogen peroxide, which exhibits completely different properties from other subtypes of NOX family. More importantly, recent studies illuminate that NOX4 promotes pancreatic cancer occurrence and development in different ways. This review summarizes the potential roles and its mechanism of NOX4 in pancreatic cancer and explores NOX4 as the potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100859, China
| | - Ningli Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Gopcevic KR, Gkaliagkousi E, Nemcsik J, Acet Ö, Bernal-Lopez MR, Bruno RM, Climie RE, Fountoulakis N, Fraenkel E, Lazaridis A, Navickas P, Rochfort KD, Šatrauskienė A, Zupkauskienė J, Terentes-Printzios D. Pathophysiology of Circulating Biomarkers and Relationship With Vascular Aging: A Review of the Literature From VascAgeNet Group on Circulating Biomarkers, European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action 18216. Front Physiol 2021; 12:789690. [PMID: 34970157 PMCID: PMC8712891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.789690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the arteries is a product of sustained exposure to various deleterious factors and progresses with time; a phenomenon inherent to vascular aging. Oxidative stress, inflammation, the accumulation of harmful agents in high cardiovascular risk conditions, changes to the extracellular matrix, and/or alterations of the epigenetic modification of molecules, are all vital pathophysiological processes proven to contribute to vascular aging, and also lead to changes in levels of associated circulating molecules. Many of these molecules are consequently recognized as markers of vascular impairment and accelerated vascular aging in clinical and research settings, however, for these molecules to be classified as biomarkers of vascular aging, further criteria must be met. In this paper, we conducted a scoping literature review identifying thirty of the most important, and eight less important, biomarkers of vascular aging. Herein, we overview a selection of the most important molecules connected with the above-mentioned pathological conditions and study their usefulness as circulating biomarkers of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R. Gopcevic
- Laboratory for Analytics of Biomolecules, Department of Chemistry in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Health Service of ZUGLO, Department of Family Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ömür Acet
- Vocational School of Health Science, Pharmacy Services Program, Tarsus University, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-Lopez
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, University of Malaga, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Bruno
- Unversite de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Rachel E. Climie
- Unversite de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikolaos Fountoulakis
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London - Waterloo Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emil Fraenkel
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petras Navickas
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Keith D. Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agnė Šatrauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Zupkauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Liu C, Ma N, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yang F, Su X, Zhang G, Xiong X, Xing Y. Relevance of mitochondrial oxidative stress to arrhythmias: Innovative concepts to target treatments. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106027. [PMID: 34890774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia occurs frequently worldwide, and in severe cases can be fatal. Mitochondria are the power plants of cardiomyocytes. In recent studies, mitochondria under certain stimuli produced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which affect the normal function of cardiomyocytes through ion channels and related proteins. Mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS) plays a key role in diseases with multifactorial etiopathogenesis, such as arrhythmia; MOS can lead to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. This review discusses the mechanisms of arrhythmias caused by MOS, particularly of ROS produced by mitochondria. MOS can cause arrhythmias by affecting the activities of Ca2+-related proteins, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore protein, connexin 43, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4, and ion channels. Based on these mechanisms, we discuss possible new treatments for arrhythmia. Targeted treatments focusing on mitochondria may reduce the progression of arrhythmias, as well as the occurrence of severe arrhythmias, and may be effective for personalized disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Dezhou Second People's Hospital, Dezhou 253000, China
| | - Ziru Guo
- Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xin Su
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Single-cell analysis of salt-induced hypertensive mouse aortae reveals cellular heterogeneity and state changes. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1866-1876. [PMID: 34862465 PMCID: PMC8741768 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure caused by excessive salt intake is common and associated with cardiovascular diseases in most countries. However, the composition and responses of vascular cells in the progression of hypertension have not been systematically described. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the aortic arch from C57BL/6J mice fed a chow/high-salt diet. We identified 19 distinct cell populations representing 12 lineages, including smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, endothelial cells (ECs), B cells, and T cells. During the progression of hypertension, the proportion of three SMC subpopulations, two EC subpopulations, and T cells increased. In two EC clusters, the expression of reactive oxygen species-related enzymes, collagen and contractility genes was upregulated. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that three SMC subsets underwent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We also constructed intercellular networks and found more frequent cell communication among aortic cells in hypertension and that some signaling pathways were activated during hypertension. Finally, joint public genome-wide association study data and our single-cell RNA-sequencing data showed the expression of hypertension susceptibility genes in ECs, SMCs, and fibroblasts and revealed 21 genes involved in the initiation and development of high-salt-induced hypertension. In conclusion, our data illustrate the transcriptional landscape of vascular cells in the aorta associated with hypertension and reveal dramatic changes in cell composition and intercellular communication during the progression of hypertension.
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Sun J, Chen W, Li S, Yang S, Zhang Y, Hu X, Qiu H, Wu J, Xu S, Chu T. Nox4 Promotes RANKL-Induced Autophagy and Osteoclastogenesis via Activating ROS/PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751845. [PMID: 34650437 PMCID: PMC8505706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) has been found to induce osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Via conducting a series of biochemical experiments with in vitro cell lines, this study investigated the role and mechanism of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in RANKL-induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis. In the current study, we found that RANKL dramatically induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis, inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine (CQ) markedly attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, we found that the protein level of Nox4 was remarkably upregulated by RANKL treatment. Inhibition of Nox4 by 5-O-methyl quercetin or knockdown of Nox4 with specific shRNA markedly attenuated RANKL-induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, we found that Nox4 stimulated the production of nonmitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating the critical unfolded protein response (UPR)-related signaling pathway PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4, leading to RANKL-induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis. Blocking the activation of PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4 signaling pathway either by Nox4 shRNA, ROS scavenger (NAC) or PERK inhibitor (GSK2606414) significantly inhibited autophagy during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, this study reveals that Nox4 promotes RANKL-induced autophagy and osteoclastogenesis via activating ROS/PERK/eIF-2α/ATF4 pathway, suggesting that the pathway may be a novel potential therapeutic target for osteoclastogenesis-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wugui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sizhen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jigong Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- The Center of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Tongwei Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Modulation of SOD3 Levels Is Detrimental to Retinal Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101595. [PMID: 34679728 PMCID: PMC8533566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal oxidative stress is a common secondary feature of many retinal diseases. Though it may not be the initial insult, it is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of highly prevalent retinal dystrophic diseases like macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. We explored the role of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) in retinal homeostasis since SOD3 protects the extracellular matrix (ECM) from oxidative injury. We show that SOD3 is mainly extracellularly localized and is upregulated as a result of environmental and pathogenic stress. Ablation of SOD3 resulted in reduced functional electroretinographic responses and number of photoreceptors, which is exacerbated with age. By contrast, overexpression showed increased electroretinographic responses and increased number of photoreceptors at young ages, but appears deleterious as the animal ages, as determined from the associated functional decline. Our exploration shows that SOD3 is vital to retinal homeostasis but its levels are tightly regulated. This suggests that SOD3 augmentation to combat oxidative stress during retinal degenerative changes may only be effective in the short-term.
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Chen JY, Wu YP, Li CY, Jheng HF, Kao LZ, Yang CC, Leu SY, Lien IC, Weng WT, Tai HC, Chiou YW, Tang MJ, Tsai PJ, Tsai YS. PPARγ activation improves the microenvironment of perivascular adipose tissue and attenuates aortic stiffening in obesity. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:22. [PMID: 33781257 PMCID: PMC8008548 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-related cardiovascular risk, end points, and mortality are strongly related to arterial stiffening. Current therapeutic approaches for arterial stiffening are not focused on direct targeting within the vessel. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding the artery has been shown to modulate vascular function and inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation significantly decreases arterial stiffness and inflammation in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Thus, we hypothesized that PPARγ activation alters the PVAT microenvironment, thereby creating a favorable environment for the attenuation of arterial stiffening in obesity. Methods Obese ob/ob mice were used to investigate the effect of PPARγ activation on the attenuation of arterial stiffening. Various cell types, including macrophages, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells, were used to test the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on the expression of elastolytic enzymes. Results PPARγ activation by pioglitazone effectively attenuated arterial stiffening in ob/ob mice. This beneficial effect was not associated with the repartitioning of fat from or changes in the browning of the PVAT depot but was strongly related to improvement of the PVAT microenvironment, as evidenced by reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative factors. Pioglitazone treatment attenuated obesity-induced elastin fiber fragmentation and elastolytic activity and ameliorated the obesity-induced upregulation of cathepsin S and metalloproteinase 12, predominantly in the PVAT. In vitro, pioglitazone downregulated Ctss and Mmp12 in macrophages, fibroblasts, and adipocytes—cell types residing within the adventitia and PVAT. Ultimately, several PPARγ binding sites were found in Ctss and Mmp12 in Raw 264.7 and 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting a direct regulatory mechanism by which PPARγ activation repressed the expression of Ctss and Mmp-12 in macrophages and fibroblasts. Conclusions PPARγ activation attenuated obesity-induced arterial stiffening and reduced the inflammatory and oxidative status of PVAT. The improvement of the PVAT microenvironment further contributed to the amelioration of elastin fiber fragmentation, elastolytic activity, and upregulated expression of Ctss and Mmp12. Our data highlight the PVAT microenvironment as an important target against arterial stiffening in obesity and provide a novel strategy for the potential clinical use of PPARγ agonists as a therapeutic against arterial stiffness through modulation of PVAT function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00720-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yi Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Pin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yi Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Research and Development Division, National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ling-Zhen Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Chun Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sy-Ying Leu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chia Lien
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Tsan Weng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Haw-Chih Tai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Wei Chiou
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC. .,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC. .,Center of Clinical Medicine Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Bastian P, Dulski J, Roszmann A, Jacewicz D, Kuban-Jankowska A, Slawek J, Wozniak M, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease-Is 2-Methoxyestradiol a Missing Piece? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:248. [PMID: 33562035 PMCID: PMC7915370 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, as "power house of the cell", are crucial players in cell pathophysiology. Beyond adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, they take part in a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulation of cell signaling and cell death. Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics may lead to cancers and neurodegeneration; however, the fusion/fission cycle allows mitochondria to adapt to metabolic needs of the cell. There are multiple data suggesting that disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis can lead to Parkinson's disease (PD) development. 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2) and potential anticancer agent, was demonstrated to inhibit cell growth of hippocampal HT22 cells by means of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) production and oxidative stress at both pharmacologically and also physiologically relevant concentrations. Moreover, 2-ME was suggested to inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis and to be a dynamic regulator. This review is a comprehensive discussion, from both scientific and clinical point of view, about the influence of 2-ME on mitochondria and its plausible role as a modulator of neuron survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Bastian
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (A.K.-J.); (M.W.)
| | - Jaroslaw Dulski
- Department of Neurological-Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.D.); (A.R.); (J.S.)
- Neurology & Stroke Dpt. St. Adalbert Hospital, “Copernicus” Ltd., 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Roszmann
- Department of Neurological-Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.D.); (A.R.); (J.S.)
- Neurology & Stroke Dpt. St. Adalbert Hospital, “Copernicus” Ltd., 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (A.K.-J.); (M.W.)
| | - Jaroslaw Slawek
- Department of Neurological-Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (J.D.); (A.R.); (J.S.)
- Neurology & Stroke Dpt. St. Adalbert Hospital, “Copernicus” Ltd., 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (A.K.-J.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.B.); (A.K.-J.); (M.W.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
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Konno T, Melo EP, Chambers JE, Avezov E. Intracellular Sources of ROS/H 2O 2 in Health and Neurodegeneration: Spotlight on Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells 2021; 10:233. [PMID: 33504070 PMCID: PMC7912550 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced continuously throughout the cell as products of various redox reactions. Yet these products function as important signal messengers, acting through oxidation of specific target factors. Whilst excess ROS production has the potential to induce oxidative stress, physiological roles of ROS are supported by a spatiotemporal equilibrium between ROS producers and scavengers such as antioxidative enzymes. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical ROS, is produced through the process of oxidative folding. Utilisation and dysregulation of H2O2, in particular that generated in the ER, affects not only cellular homeostasis but also the longevity of organisms. ROS dysregulation has been implicated in various pathologies including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases, sanctioning a field of research that strives to better understand cell-intrinsic ROS production. Here we review the organelle-specific ROS-generating and consuming pathways, providing evidence that the ER is a major contributing source of potentially pathologic ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Konno
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Eduardo Pinho Melo
- CCMAR—Centro de Ciências do Mar, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Joseph E. Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK;
| | - Edward Avezov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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Huang FM, Chang YC, Su CH, Wu SW, Lee SS, Lee MW, Yeh KL, Chiang CY, Tu DG, Lu YC, Kuan YH. Rutin-protected BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis in macrophages through the reduction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and induction of antioxidant enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:45-54. [PMID: 32830914 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is a resin monomer frequently used in dentin restorative treatments. The leakage of BisGMA monomer from BisGMA-based polymeric resins can lead to cytotoxicity in macrophages. Rutin has various beneficial bioeffects, including antioxidation and antiinflammation. In this study, we found that pretreatment of RAW264.7 macrophages with rutin-inhibited cytotoxicity induced by BisGMA in a concentration-dependent manner. BisGMA-induced apoptosis, which was detected by levels of phosphatidylserine from the internal to the external membrane and formation of sub-G1, and genotoxicity, which was detected by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus and single-cell gel electrophoresis assays, were inhibited by rutin in a concentration-dependent manner. Rutin suppressed the BisGMA-induced activation of caspase-3 and -9 rather than caspase-8. Rutin inhibited the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, including cytochrome C release and mitochondria disruption, after macrophages were treated with BisGMA. Finally, BisGMA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) deactivation could be reversed by rutin. Parallel trends were observed in the elevation of AOE activation and inhibition of ROS generation, caspase-3 activity, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation, and genotoxicity. These results suggested that rutin suppressed BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity through genotoxicity, the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and relatively upstream factors, including reduction of ROS generation and induction of AOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Lee
- A Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dom-Gene Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Che Lu
- Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Gao N, Zhang Y, Li L, Lei L, Cao P, Zhao X, Lin L, Xu R. Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Oxidative Stress Aggravates Renal Damage in Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:1127-1135. [PMID: 32484231 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) plays a synergistic role with hypertension in vascular injury; however, the relationship between HHcy and hypertension in renal injury remains unclear. Here, we sought to evaluate the relationship between HHcy and hypertension in the context of renal injury and to elucidate the mechanism of action underlying this relationship. METHODS Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomized into WKY, WKY + HHcy, SHR, and SHR + HHcy groups. Blood pressure, plasma homocysteine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. Renal histopathology and expression levels of NOX2, NOX4, and nephrin in the kidneys were examined. RESULTS The WKY + HHcy and SHR groups exhibited lower serum SOD and GFR levels, relative to the WKY group, along with higher levels of both serum MDA and UACR. Higher mRNA and protein expression levels of NOX2 and NOX4, along with lower expression levels of nephrin, were observed in the kidneys of WKY + HHcy and SHR rats, relative to WKY controls, respectively. Similar effects were observed in the SHR + HHcy group, relative to the SHR group and WKY + HHcy group, respectively. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed an increase in the glomerular extracellular matrix in the WKY + HHcy and SHR + HHcy groups compared with their respective controls. CONCLUSIONS HHcy appears to synergistically increase hypertensive renal damage by enhancing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People’s Hospital of Dongying, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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50
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Veith C, Hristova M, Danyal K, Habibovic A, Dustin CM, McDonough JE, Vanaudenaerde BM, Kreuter M, Schneider MA, Kahn N, van Schooten FJ, Boots AW, van der Vliet A. Profibrotic epithelial TGF-β1 signaling involves NOX4-mitochondria cross talk and redox-mediated activation of the tyrosine kinase FYN. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L356-L367. [PMID: 33325804 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00444.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a disturbed redox balance and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is believed to contribute to epithelial injury and fibrotic lung scarring. The main pulmonary sources of ROS include mitochondria and NADPH oxidases (NOXs), of which the NOX4 isoform has been implicated in IPF. Non-receptor SRC tyrosine kinases (SFK) are important for cellular homeostasis and are often dysregulated in lung diseases. SFK activation by the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is thought to contribute to pulmonary fibrosis, but the relevant SFK isoform and its relationship to NOX4 and/or mitochondrial ROS in the context of profibrotic TGF-β signaling is not known. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 can rapidly activate the SRC kinase FYN in human bronchial epithelial cells, which subsequently induces mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production, genetic damage shown by the DNA damage marker γH2AX, and increased expression of profibrotic genes. Moreover, TGF-β1-induced activation of FYN involves initial activation of NOX4 and direct cysteine oxidation of FYN, and both FYN and mtROS contribute to TGF-β-induced induction of NOX4. NOX4 expression in lung tissues of IPF patients is positively correlated with disease severity, although FYN expression is down-regulated in IPF and does not correlate with disease severity. Collectively, our findings highlight a critical role for FYN in TGF-β1-induced mtROS production, DNA damage response, and induction of profibrotic genes in bronchial epithelial cells, and suggest that altered expression and activation of NOX4 and FYN may contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Veith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Aida Habibovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - John E McDonough
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kahn
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes W Boots
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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