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Kleeschulte S, Fischinger V, Öhlke L, Bode J, Kamler M, Dobrev D, Grandoch M, Fender AC. The thrombin receptor PAR4 supports visceral adipose tissue inflammation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03097-5. [PMID: 38652276 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombin inhibition suppresses adiposity, WAT inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mice. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)1 does not account for thrombin-driven obesity, so we explored the culprit role of PAR4 in this context. Male WT and PAR-4-/- mice received a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, WT controls received standard chow. Body fat was quantified by NMR. Epididymal WAT was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR and lipase activity assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated ± thrombin, acutely stimulated ± PAR4 activating peptide (AP) and assessed by immunoblot, qPCR and U937 monocyte adhesion. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) from obese and lean patients was assessed by immunoblot. PAR4 was upregulated in mouse WAT under HFD. PAR4-/- mice developed less visceral adiposity and glucose intolerance under HFD, featuring smaller adipocytes, fewer macrophages and lower expression of adipogenic (leptin, PPARγ) and pro-inflammatory genes (CCL2, IL-1β) in WAT. HFD-modified activity and expression of lipases or perilipin were unaffected by PAR4 deletion. 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated with thrombin retained Ki67 expression, further upregulated IL-1β and CCL2 and were more adhesive for monocytes. In mature adipocytes, PAR4-AP increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 and AKT, upregulated Ki67, CCl2, IL-β and hyaluronan synthase 1 but not TNF-α mRNA, and augmented hyaluronidase-sensitive monocyte adhesion. Obese human EAT expressed more PAR4, CD68 and CD54 than lean EAT. PAR4 upregulated in obesity supports adipocyte hypertrophy, WAT expansion and thrombo-inflammation. The emerging PAR4 antagonists provide a therapeutic perspective in this context beyond their canonical antiplatelet action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kleeschulte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vivien Fischinger
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Öhlke
- Institute for Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute for Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology and CARID Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anke C Fender
- Institute for Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
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Mann C, van Alst C, Gorressen S, Nega R, Dobrev D, Grandoch M, Fender AC. Ischemia does not provoke the full immune training repertoire in human cardiac fibroblasts. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03107-6. [PMID: 38652279 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Trained immunity of monocytes, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells augments the cytokine response to secondary stimuli. Immune training is characterized by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, mTOR activation, and aerobic glycolysis. Cardiac fibroblast (CF)-myofibroblast transition upon myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) features epigenetic and metabolic adaptations reminiscent of trained immunity. We assessed the impact of I/R on characteristics of immune training in human CF and mouse myocardium. I/R was simulated in vitro with transient metabolic inhibition. CF primed with simulated I/R or control buffer were 5 days later re-stimulated with Pam3CSK for 24 h. Mice underwent transient left anterior descending artery occlusion or sham operation with reperfusion for up to 5 days. HIF-regulated metabolic targets and cytokines were assessed by qPCR, immunoblot, and ELISA and glucose consumption, lactate release, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by chromogenic assay. Simulated I/R increased HIF-1α stabilization, mTOR phosphorylation, glucose consumption, lactate production, and transcription of PFKB3 and F2RL3, a HIF-regulated target gene, in human CF. PGK1 and LDH mRNAs were suppressed. Intracellular LDH transiently increased after simulated I/R, and extracellular LDH showed sustained elevation. I/R priming increased abundance of pro-caspase-1, auto-cleaved active caspase-1, and the expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, but did not augment Pam3CSK-stimulated cytokine transcription or secretion. Myocardial I/R in vivo increased abundance of HIF-1 and the precursor and cleaved forms of caspase-1, caspase-11, and caspase-8, but not of LDH-A or phospho-mTOR. I/R partially reproduces features of immune training in human CF, specifically HIF-1α stabilization, aerobic glycolysis, mTOR phosphorylation, and PFKB3 transcription. I/R does not augment PGK1 or LDH expression or the cytokine response to Pam3CSK. Regulation of PAR4 and inflammasome caspases likely occurs independently of an immune training repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Mann
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin van Alst
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Gorressen
- Institute for Pharmacology and CARID Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rachel Nega
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology and CARID Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology and CARID Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anke C Fender
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Kleimann P, Irschfeld LM, Grandoch M, Flögel U, Temme S. Trained Innate Immunity in Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2312. [PMID: 38396989 PMCID: PMC10889825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of immunological memory is an important evolutionary strategy that evolved to protect the host from repetitive challenges from infectious agents. It was believed for a long time that memory formation exclusively occurs in the adaptive part of the immune system with the formation of highly specific memory T cells and B cells. In the past 10-15 years, it has become clear that innate immune cells, such as monocytes, natural killer cells, or neutrophil granulocytes, also have the ability to generate some kind of memory. After the exposure of innate immune cells to certain stimuli, these cells develop an enhanced secondary response with increased cytokine secretion even after an encounter with an unrelated stimulus. This phenomenon has been termed trained innate immunity (TI) and is associated with epigenetic modifications (histone methylation, acetylation) and metabolic alterations (elevated glycolysis, lactate production). TI has been observed in tissue-resident or circulating immune cells but also in bone marrow progenitors. Risk-factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are associated with low-grade inflammation, such as hyperglycemia, obesity, or high salt, can also induce TI with a profound impact on the development and progression of CVDs. In this review, we briefly describe basic mechanisms of TI and summarize animal studies which specifically focus on TI in the context of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kleimann
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Irschfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kielb J, Saffak S, Weber J, Baensch L, Shahjerdi K, Celik A, Farahat N, Riek S, Chavez-Talavera O, Grandoch M, Polzin A, Kelm M, Dannenberg L. Transformation or replacement - Effects of hormone therapy on cardiovascular risk. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108592. [PMID: 38286163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Hormone therapy (HT) is important and frequently used both regarding replacement therapy (HRT) and gender affirming therapy (GAHT). While HRT has been effective in addressing symptoms related to hormone shortage, several side effects have been described. In this context, there are some studies that show increased cardiovascular risk. However, there are also studies reporting protective aspects of HT. Nevertheless, the exact impact of HT on cardiovascular risk and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This article explores the relationship between diverse types of HT and cardiovascular risk, focusing on mechanistic insights of the underlying hormones on platelet and leukocyte function as well as on effects on endothelial and adipose tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kielb
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Süreyya Saffak
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Jessica Weber
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Leonard Baensch
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Khatereh Shahjerdi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Aylin Celik
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Nora Farahat
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Sally Riek
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Oscar Chavez-Talavera
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany
| | - Lisa Dannenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Germany.
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Nagy N, Kaber G, Sunkari VG, Marshall PL, Hargil A, Kuipers HF, Ishak HD, Bogdani M, Hull RL, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, McLaughlin TL, Wight TN, Bollyky PL. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis prevents β-cell loss in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Matrix Biol 2023; 123:34-47. [PMID: 37783236 PMCID: PMC10841470 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death are central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified a novel role for the inflammatory extracellular matrix polymer hyaluronan (HA) in this pathophysiology. Low concentrations of HA were present in healthy pancreatic islets. However, HA substantially accumulated in cadaveric islets of T2D patients and islets of the db/db mouse model of T2D in response to hyperglycemia. Treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis, or the deletion of the main HA receptor CD44, preserved glycemic control and insulin concentrations in db/db mice despite ongoing weight gain, indicating a critical role for this pathway in T2D pathogenesis. 4-MU treatment and the deletion of CD44 likewise preserved glycemic control in other settings of β-cell injury including streptozotocin treatment and islet transplantation. Mechanistically, we found that 4-MU increased the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin, a downstream transcriptional target of CD44 dependent on HA/CD44 signaling, on β-cells such that caspase 3 activation did not result in β-cell apoptosis. These data indicated a role for HA accumulation in diabetes pathogenesis and suggested that it may be a viable target to ameliorate β-cell loss in T2D. These data are particularly exciting, because 4-MU is already an approved drug (also known as hymecromone), which could accelerate translation of these findings to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vivekananda G Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Payton L Marshall
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather D Ishak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Rebecca L Hull
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tracey L McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Medicine - Endocrinology, Endocrine Clinic, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center B241A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Massold T, Ibrahim F, Niemann V, Steckel B, Becker K, Schrader J, Stegbauer J, Temme S, Grandoch M, Flögel U, Bouvain P. CD73 deficiency does not aggravate angiotensin II-induced aortic inflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17125. [PMID: 37816827 PMCID: PMC10564884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation plays a key role in the development of aortic diseases. A potential novel target for treatment might be CD73, an ecto-5'-nucleotidase that generates anti-inflammatory adenosine in the extracellular space. Here, we investigated whether a lack of CD73 results in enhanced aortic inflammation. To this end, angiotensin II was infused into wildtype and CD73-/- mice over 10 days. Before and after infusion, mice were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, flow cytometry, and histology. The impact of age and gender was investigated using female and male mice of three and six months of age, respectively. Angiotensin II infusion led to increased immune cell infiltration in both genotypes' aortae, but depletion of CD73 had no impact on immune cell recruitment. These findings were not modified by age or sex. No substantial difference in morphological or functional characteristics could be detected between wildtype and CD73-/- mice. Interestingly, the expression of CD73 on neutrophils decreased significantly in wildtype mice during treatment. In summary, we have found no evidence that CD73 deficiency affects the onset of aortic inflammation. However, as CD73 expression decreased during disease induction, an increase in CD73 by pharmaceutical intervention might result in lower vascular inflammation and less vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Massold
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fady Ibrahim
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viola Niemann
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Becker
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Sciences, Endothelial Signaling and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Pascal Bouvain
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Flocke V, Temme S, Bouvain P, Grandoch M, Flögel U. Noninvasive assessment of metabolic turnover during inflammation by in vivo deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258027. [PMID: 37841266 PMCID: PMC10568178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and metabolism exhibit a complex interplay, where inflammation influences metabolic pathways, and in turn, metabolism shapes the quality of immune responses. Here, glucose turnover is of special interest, as proinflammatory immune cells mainly utilize glycolysis to meet their energy needs. Noninvasive approaches to monitor both processes would help elucidate this interwoven relationship to identify new therapeutic targets and diagnostic opportunities. Methods For induction of defined inflammatory hotspots, LPS-doped Matrigel plugs were implanted into the neck of C57BL/6J mice. Subsequently, 1H/19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to track the recruitment of 19F-loaded immune cells to the inflammatory focus and deuterium (2H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to monitor the metabolic fate of [6,6-2H2]glucose within the affected tissue. Histology and flow cytometry were used to validate the in vivo data. Results After plug implantation and intravenous administration of the 19F-containing contrast agent, 1H/19F MRI confirmed the infiltration of 19F-labeled immune cells into LPS-doped plugs while no 19F signal was observed in PBS-containing control plugs. Identification of the inflammatory focus was followed by i.p. bolus injection of deuterated glucose and continuous 2H MRS. Inflammation-induced alterations in metabolic fluxes could be tracked with an excellent temporal resolution of 2 min up to approximately 60 min after injection and demonstrated a more anaerobic glucose utilization in the initial phase of immune cell recruitment. Conclusion 1H/2H/19F MRI/MRS was successfully employed for noninvasive monitoring of metabolic alterations in an inflammatory environment, paving the way for simultaneous in vivo registration of immunometabolic data in basic research and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Flocke
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pascal Bouvain
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- University Hospital Düsseldorf, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
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Schneckmann R, Döring M, Gerfer S, Gorressen S, Heitmeier S, Helten C, Polzin A, Jung C, Kelm M, Fender AC, Flögel U, Grandoch M. Rivaroxaban attenuates neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow niche. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:31. [PMID: 37580509 PMCID: PMC10425524 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of factor Xa by rivaroxaban has been shown to mediate cardioprotection and is frequently used in patients with, e.g., atrial fibrillation. Rivaroxaban's anti-inflammatory actions are well known, but the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. To date, no study has focused on the effects of rivaroxaban on the bone marrow (BM), despite growing evidence that the BM and its activation are of major importance in the development/progression of cardiovascular disease. Thus, we examined the impact of rivaroxaban on BM composition under homeostatic conditions and in response to a major cardiovascular event. Rivaroxaban treatment of mice for 7 days markedly diminished mature leukocytes in the BM. While apoptosis of BM-derived mature myeloid leukocytes was unaffected, lineage-negative BM cells exhibited a differentiation arrest at the level of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, specifically affecting neutrophil maturation via downregulation of the transcription factors Spi1 and Csfr1. To assess whether this persists also in situations of increased leukocyte demand, mice were subjected to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R): 7 d pretreatment with rivaroxaban led to reduced cardiac inflammation 72 h after I/R and lowered circulating leukocyte numbers. However, BM myelopoiesis showed a rescue of the leukocyte differentiation arrest, indicating that rivaroxaban's inhibitory effects are restricted to homeostatic conditions and are mainly abolished during emergency hematopoiesis. In translation, ST-elevation MI patients treated with rivaroxaban also exhibited reduced circulating leukocyte numbers. In conclusion, we demonstrate that rivaroxaban attenuates neutrophil maturation in the BM, which may offer a therapeutic option to limit overshooting of the immune response after I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schneckmann
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Döring
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Gerfer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center of the University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Gorressen
- Institute for Pharmacology Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Heitmeier
- Research & Development Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Acute Hospital Research, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - C Helten
- Department for Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Polzin
- Department for Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Jung
- Department for Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Kelm
- Department for Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A C Fender
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - U Flögel
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Grandoch
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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9
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Stumpe N, Güden-Silber T, Schneckmann R, Wolters K, Lamb H, Grandoch M, Flögel U. In Vivo Mapping of Deep Tissue pO 2 in a Murine Model of Peripheral Artery Disease by Noninvasive 19F MR Relaxometry. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:597-598. [PMID: 36756882 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stumpe
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.S., T.G.-S., U.F.)
- Cardiovascular Imaging, University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (N.S., H.L.)
| | - Tuba Güden-Silber
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.S., T.G.-S., U.F.)
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (R.S., K.W., M.G.)
| | - Katharina Wolters
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (R.S., K.W., M.G.)
| | - Hildo Lamb
- Cardiovascular Imaging, University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (N.S., H.L.)
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Translational Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (R.S., K.W., M.G.)
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (N.S., T.G.-S., U.F.)
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10
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Nagy N, Kaber G, Sunkari VG, Marshall PL, Hargil A, Kuipers HF, Ishak HD, Bogdani M, Hull RL, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, McLaughlin TL, Wight TN, Bollyky PL. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthesis prevents β-cell loss in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.28.530522. [PMID: 36909502 PMCID: PMC10002695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death are central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have identified a novel role for the inflammatory extracellular matrix polymer hyaluronan (HA) in this pathophysiology. Low levels of HA are present in healthy pancreatic islets. However, HA substantially accumulates in cadaveric islets of human T2D and islets of the db/db mouse model of T2D in response to hyperglycemia. Treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis, or the deletion of the major HA receptor CD44, preserve glycemic control and insulin levels in db/db mice despite ongoing weight gain, indicating a critical role for this pathway in T2D pathogenesis. 4-MU treatment and the deletion of CD44 likewise preserve glycemic control in other settings of β-cell injury including streptozotocin treatment and islet transplantation. Mechanistically, we find that 4-MU increases the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin, a downstream transcriptional target of CD44 dependent on HA/CD44 signaling, on β-cells such that caspase 3 activation does not result in β-cell apoptosis. These data indicate a role for HA accumulation in diabetes pathogenesis and suggest that it may be a viable target to ameliorate β-cell loss in T2D. These data are particularly exciting, because 4-MU is already an approved drug (also known as hymecromone), which could accelerate translation of these findings to clinical studies.
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11
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Temme S, Kleimann P, Grandoch M, Wang X, Peter K, Simon F, Schrader J, Flögel U. Aktives Targeting zur Visualisierung von thrombotischen Prozessen mittels 19F-MRT. Gefässchirurgie 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00772-022-00961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Funk F, Kronenbitter A, Isić M, Flocke V, Gorreßen S, Semmler D, Brinkmann M, Beck K, Steinhoff O, Srivastava T, Barbosa DM, Voigt K, Wang L, Bottermann K, Kötter S, Grandoch M, Flögel U, Krüger M, Schmitt JP. Diabetes disturbs functional adaptation of the remote myocardium after ischemia/reperfusion. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 173:47-60. [PMID: 36150524 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is associated with adverse clinical outcome after myocardial infarction. To better understand the underlying causes we here investigated sarcomere protein function and its calcium-dependent regulation in the non-ischemic remote myocardium (RM) of diabetic mice (db/db) after transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Before and 24 h after surgery db/db and non-diabetic db/+ underwent magnetic resonance imaging followed by histological and biochemical analyses of heart tissue. Intracellular calcium transients and sarcomere function were measured in isolated cardiomyocytes. Active and passive force generation was assessed in skinned fibers and papillary muscle preparations. Before ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), beat-to-beat calcium cycling was depressed in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Nevertheless, contractile function was preserved owing to increased myofilament calcium sensitivity and higher responsiveness of myocardial force production to β-adrenergic stimulation in db/db compared to db/+. In addition, protein kinase C activity was elevated in db/db hearts leading to strong phosphorylation of the titin PEVK region and increased titin-based tension of myofilaments. I/R impaired the function of whole hearts and RM sarcomeres in db/db to a larger extent than in non-diabetic db/+, and we identified several reasons. First, the amplitude and the kinetics of cardiomyocyte calcium transients were further reduced in the RM of db/db. Underlying causes involved altered expression of calcium regulatory proteins. Diabetes and I/R additively reduced phospholamban S16-phosphorylation by 80% (P < 000.1) leading to strong inhibition of the calcium ATPase SERCA2a. Second, titin stiffening was only observed in the RM of db/+, but not in the RM of db/db. Finally, db/db myofilament calcium sensitivity and force generation upon β-adrenergic stimulation were no longer enhanced over db/+ in the RM. The findings demonstrate that impaired cardiomyocyte calcium cycling of db/db hearts is compensated by increased myofilament calcium sensitivity and increased titin-based stiffness prior to I/R. In contrast, sarcomere function of the RM 24 h after I/R is poor because both these compensatory mechanisms fail and myocyte calcium handling is further depressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Funk
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Annette Kronenbitter
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Isić
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Flocke
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Simone Gorreßen
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dominik Semmler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Brinkmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Katharina Beck
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Oliver Steinhoff
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tanu Srivastava
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - David Monteiro Barbosa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Voigt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Luzhou Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bottermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kötter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Martina Krüger
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Duregotti E, Reumiller CM, Mayr U, Hasman M, Schmidt LE, Burnap SA, Theofilatos K, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Beran A, Grandoch M, Viviano A, Jahangiri M, Mayr M. Reduced secretion of neuronal growth regulator 1 contributes to impaired adipose-neuronal crosstalk in obesity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7269. [PMID: 36433953 PMCID: PMC9700863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While the endocrine function of white adipose tissue has been extensively explored, comparatively little is known about the secretory activity of less-investigated fat depots. Here, we use proteomics to compare the secretory profiles of male murine perivascular depots with those of canonical white and brown fat. Perivascular secretomes show enrichment for neuronal cell-adhesion molecules, reflecting a higher content of intra-parenchymal sympathetic projections compared to other adipose depots. The sympathetic innervation is reduced in the perivascular fat of obese (ob/ob) male mice, as well as in the epicardial fat of patients with obesity. Degeneration of sympathetic neurites is observed in presence of conditioned media of fat explants from ob/ob mice, that show reduced secretion of neuronal growth regulator 1. Supplementation of neuronal growth regulator 1 reverses this neurodegenerative effect, unveiling a neurotrophic role for this protein previously identified as a locus associated with human obesity. As sympathetic stimulation triggers energy-consuming processes in adipose tissue, an impaired adipose-neuronal crosstalk is likely to contribute to the disrupted metabolic homeostasis characterising obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Duregotti
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Christina M. Reumiller
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ursula Mayr
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Maria Hasman
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Lukas E. Schmidt
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Sean A. Burnap
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Arne Beran
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Translational Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Translational Pharmacology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandro Viviano
- grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, University of London, London, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Present Address: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marjan Jahangiri
- grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. George’s Hospital, University of London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
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14
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Ostendorf Y, Rolauer L, Pasch N, Schaefer H, Heitmann S, Petzsch P, Poschmann G, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Koehrer K, Fischer JW, Grandoch M. Neutrophils as major drivers of increased atherosclerosis in a murine model of chronic colitis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recent findings showed a higher risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) especially during acute flare of the chronic disease. The underlying mechanisms remain to be defined since traditional risk factors such as hypercholesterinemia are not present in these patients.
Purpose
The present study aimed to unravel the underlying pathomechanisms of enhanced atherogenesis and -progression in a murine model of colitis.
Methods
Chronic colitis was induced in male Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (Apoe−/−) using dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in drinking water for 2,3 or 5 cycles, while the control group received regular drinking water. Each cycle consisted of 6 days DSS application and two weeks of recovery. Aortic atherosclerotic plaque burden was determined by en face Oil Red O staining and immune cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry in the circulation, the bone marrow, and the aorta. Neutrophil depletion was performed via i.p injection of a Ly6G-depleting antibody or respective isotype control. Bone marrow-derived neutrophils were further analysed by transcriptome analysis.
Results
Similar to IBD patients, mice with chronic colitis exhibited an increased aortic plaque burden after 15 weeks of treatment despite the absence of classical risk factors. Over time, both circulating and aortic neutrophils showed an oscillatory detection pattern with the first significant increase after the 2nd DSS administration whereby the second increase after the 3rd DSS cycle was even stronger. Also, pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated in the plasma and specifically G-CSF showed the same oscillatory pattern with increased plasma level already after the 2nd DSS administration and an even stronger increase after the 3rd thereby pointing towards alterations in bone marrow hematopoiesis. In line, flow cytometric analyses confirmed a greater rise of hematopoietic stem and even myeloid progenitor cells compared with the 2nd DSS application in IBD mice after 3rd treatment. scRNA-Seq analysis of progenitor cells revealed changes in cell differentiation towards neutrophils and upregulation of proinflammatory genes in isolated neutrophils of DSS-treated mice. These neutrophils showed also a more adhesive phenotype revealed by increased mRNA expression of Glg1 and Selplg. Accordingly, also Sele mRNA was increased in the aorta. The reduction of circulating neutrophils by an anti-Ly6G antibody during the acute phases of colitis reduced the aortic plaque burden compared to isotype treaded mice.
Conclusion
The current findings suggest detrimental effects of chronic colitis on atherogenesis and -progression in Apoe−/− mice via increased differentiation of myeloid cells into neutrophils and the promotion of a more adhesive and proinflammatory phenotype. These modified neutrophils may act as initiators of atherogenesis by promoting the invasion of immune cells into the aortic wall.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ostendorf
- University Hospital Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - L Rolauer
- University Hospital Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - N Pasch
- University Hospital Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - H Schaefer
- University Hospital Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - S Heitmann
- University Hospital Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - P Petzsch
- Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - G Poschmann
- Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - S Hartwig
- Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - S Lehr
- Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - K Koehrer
- Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - J W Fischer
- University Hospital Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - M Grandoch
- University Hospital Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
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15
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Mir S, Wegener K, Gorressen S, Twarock S, Haendeler J, Altschmied J, Sak A, Stuschke M, Jendrossek V, Fischer JW, Floegel U, Grandoch M. Impact of whole thorax irradiation on cardiac remodeling and outcome after ischemia/reperfusion. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Thoracic irradiation is a fundamental treatment of several malignancies and has contributed to significant rise in long-term survival of cancer patients. However, a potentially increased risk of cardiac late effects, such as accelerated atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease or myocardial fibrosis, may partially diminish the therapeutic benefit and increase the risk of cardiovascular events, e.g. ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The purpose of this project was to unravel the impact of whole thorax irradiation (WTI) on the outcome and cardiac remodeling after I/R.
Method
11-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were either exposed to WTI with a single dose (12.5 Gy) or sham-irradiation only (0 Gy) and subsequently observed over four weeks. Blood samples were taken to monitor early changes in circulating leukocytes (flow cytometry) and RNA was isolated from cardiac tissue to observe damage to mitochondria by analysis of different mitochondrial markers.
To study the impact of WTI on cardiac remodeling and outcome after I/R, mice were subjected to ischemia by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (for 45 minutes) four weeks after WTI or sham-irradiation, followed by reperfusion for up to three weeks.
During early timepoints of cardiac remodeling, circulating immune cells and the immune cell influx in the heart were analysed (flow cytometry), ischemic area and cardiac inflammation were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multiple cytokines were measured in the plasma (immunoassay).
Results
After WTI, a downregulation of leukocyte numbers was observed three days after irradiation, which recovered over four weeks. In addition, WTI resulted in a decrease in relative mRNA expression of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) and a decrease in relative ATP levels in irradiated mice, suggesting damage of cardiac mitochondria.
The combined setup of WTI and I/R led to enhanced plasma concentration of IL-12(p70), IL-13, MCP-1 or MIP-1β and an increased ischemic area one day after I/R. Further, cardiac inflammation was increased three days post I/R in irradiated mice. Flow cytometric analysis revealed, increased amounts of circulating Ly6Chigh monocytes (% of all monocytes) and cardiac myeloid cells, specifically macrophages. Survival of irradiated mice was impaired already after one week post I/R; therefore, when analysing scar size three weeks later, no changes could be observed in the surviving mice.
Conclusion
Our data show that WTI causes early damage to cardiac mitochondrial network. While WTI also led acutely to a decrease in circulating immune cells, upon I/R, the preexisting irradiation-induced cardiac damage impacts on circulating and cardiac macrophages and monocytes resulting in increased cardiac inflammation and plasma concentration of cytokines in irradiated mice. In sum, irradiation-induced cardiac damage and subsequently altered immune response are likely contributing to the impaired survival of irradiated mice after I/R.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): DFG - GRK 1739
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mir
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - K Wegener
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - S Gorressen
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - S Twarock
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - J Haendeler
- Heinrich Heine University, Core Unit Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - J Altschmied
- Heinrich Heine University, Heisenberg-Group - Environmentally-induced cardiovascular degeneration , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - A Sak
- University Hospital of Essen (Ruhr), Clinic for Radiation Therapy , Essen , Germany
| | - M Stuschke
- University Hospital of Essen (Ruhr), Clinic for Radiation Therapy , Essen , Germany
| | - V Jendrossek
- University Hospital of Essen (Ruhr), Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology , Essen , Germany
| | - J W Fischer
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - U Floegel
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Molecular Cardiology , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - M Grandoch
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Duesseldorf , Germany
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16
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Cortese-Krott MM, Suvorava T, Leo F, Heuser SK, LoBue A, Li J, Becher S, Schneckmann R, Srivrastava T, Erkens R, Wolff G, Schmitt JP, Grandoch M, Lundberg JO, Pernow J, Isakson BE, Weitzberg E, Kelm M. Red blood cell eNOS is cardioprotective in acute myocardial infarction. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102370. [PMID: 35759945 PMCID: PMC9241051 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) were shown to transport and release nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and carry an endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). However, the pathophysiological significance of RBC eNOS for cardioprotection in vivo is unknown. Here we aimed to analyze the role of RBC eNOS in the regulation of coronary blood flow, cardiac performance, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in vivo. To specifically distinguish the role of RBC eNOS from the endothelial cell (EC) eNOS, we generated RBC- and EC-specific knock-out (KO) and knock-in (KI) mice by Cre-induced inactivation or reactivation of eNOS. We found that RBC eNOS KO mice had fully preserved coronary dilatory responses and LV function. Instead, EC eNOS KO mice had a decreased coronary flow response in isolated perfused hearts and an increased LV developed pressure in response to elevated arterial pressure, while stroke volume was preserved. Interestingly, RBC eNOS KO showed a significantly increased infarct size and aggravated LV dysfunction with decreased stroke volume and cardiac output. This is consistent with reduced NO bioavailability and oxygen delivery capacity in RBC eNOS KOs. Crucially, RBC eNOS KI mice had decreased infarct size and preserved LV function after AMI. In contrast, EC eNOS KO and EC eNOS KI had no differences in infarct size or LV dysfunction after AMI, as compared to the controls. These data demonstrate that EC eNOS controls coronary vasodilator function, but does not directly affect infarct size, while RBC eNOS limits infarct size in AMI. Therefore, RBC eNOS signaling may represent a novel target for interventions in ischemia/reperfusion after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia K Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Becher
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Tanu Srivrastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Ralf Erkens
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Wolff
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Heuser SK, LoBue A, Li J, Zhuge Z, Leo F, Suvorava T, Olsson A, Schneckmann R, Guimaraes Braga DD, Srivrastava T, Montero L, Schmitz OJ, Schmitt JP, Grandoch M, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Pernow J, Kelm M, Carlström M, Cortese-Krott MM. Downregulation of eNOS and preserved endothelial function in endothelial-specific arginase 1-deficient mice. Nitric Oxide 2022; 125-126:69-77. [PMID: 35752264 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arginase 1 (Arg1) is a ubiquitous enzyme belonging to the urea cycle that catalyzes the conversion of l-arginine into l-ornithine and urea. In endothelial cells (ECs), Arg1 was proposed to limit the availability of l-arginine for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and thereby reduce nitric oxide (NO) production, thus promoting endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. The role of EC Arg1 under homeostatic conditions is in vivo less understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of EC Arg1 on the regulation of eNOS, vascular tone, and endothelial function under normal homeostatic conditions in vivo and ex vivo. By using a tamoxifen-inducible EC-specific gene-targeting approach, we generated EC Arg1 KO mice. Efficiency and specificity of the gene targeting strategy was demonstrated by DNA recombination and loss of Arg1 expression measured after tamoxifen treatment in EC only. In EC Arg1 KO mice we found a significant decrease in Arg1 expression in heart and lung ECs and in the aorta, however, vascular enzymatic activity was preserved likely due to the presence of high levels of Arg1 in smooth muscle cells. Moreover, we found a downregulation of eNOS expression in the aorta, and a fully preserved systemic l-arginine and NO bioavailability, as demonstrated by the levels of l-arginine, l-ornithine, and l-citrulline as well as nitrite, nitrate, and nitroso-species. Lung and liver tissues from EC Arg1 KO mice showed respectively increase or decrease in nitrosyl-heme species, indicating that the lack of endothelial Arg1 affects NO bioavailability in these organs. In addition, EC Arg1 KO mice showed fully preserved acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation in both conductance and resistant vessels but increased phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure and cardiac performance in EC Arg1 KO mice were not different from the wild-type littermate controls. In conclusion, under normal homeostatic conditions, lack of EC Arg1 expression is associated with a down-regulation of eNOS expression but a preserved NO bioavailability and vascular endothelial function. These results suggest that a cross-talk exists between Arg1 and eNOS to control NO production in ECs, which depends on both L-Arg availability and EC Arg1-dependent eNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia K Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Annika Olsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | | | - Tanu Srivrastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Lidia Montero
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Loroch S, Kopczynski D, Schneider AC, Schumbrutzki C, Feldmann I, Panagiotidis E, Reinders Y, Sakson R, Solari FA, Vening A, Swieringa F, Heemskerk JWM, Grandoch M, Dandekar T, Sickmann A. Toward Zero Variance in Proteomics Sample Preparation: Positive-Pressure FASP in 96-Well Format (PF96) Enables Highly Reproducible, Time- and Cost-Efficient Analysis of Sample Cohorts. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1181-1188. [PMID: 35316605 PMCID: PMC8981309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
As novel liquid chromatography–mass
spectrometry (LC-MS)
technologies for proteomics offer a substantial increase in LC-MS
runs per day, robust and reproducible sample preparation emerges as
a new bottleneck for throughput. We introduce a novel strategy for
positive-pressure 96-well filter-aided sample preparation (PF96) on
a commercial positive-pressure solid-phase extraction device. PF96
allows for a five-fold increase in throughput in conjunction with
extraordinary reproducibility with Pearson product-moment correlations
on the protein level of r = 0.9993, as demonstrated
for mouse heart tissue lysate in 40 technical replicates. The targeted
quantification of 16 peptides in the presence of stable-isotope-labeled
reference peptides confirms that PF96 variance is barely assessable
against technical variation from nanoLC-MS instrumentation. We further
demonstrate that protein loads of 36–60 μg result in
optimal peptide recovery, but lower amounts ≥3 μg can
also be processed reproducibly. In summary, the reproducibility, simplicity,
and economy of time provide PF96 a promising future in biomedical
and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Loroch
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dominik Kopczynski
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adriana C Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schumbrutzki
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ingo Feldmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Reinders
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roman Sakson
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fiorella A Solari
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alicia Vening
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Swieringa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany.,Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3FX Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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19
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Cox FF, Misiou A, Vierkant A, Ale-Agha N, Grandoch M, Haendeler J, Altschmied J. Protective Effects of Curcumin in Cardiovascular Diseases—Impact on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030342. [PMID: 35159155 PMCID: PMC8833931 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute to a large part of worldwide mortality. Similarly, two of the major risk factors for these diseases, aging and obesity, are also global problems. Aging, the gradual decline of body functions, is non-modifiable. Obesity, a modifiable risk factor for CVDs, also predisposes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, it affects not only the vasculature and the heart but also specific fat depots, which themselves have a major impact on the development and progression of CVDs. Common denominators of aging, obesity, and T2DM include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities such as altered lipid profiles and glucose metabolism, and inflammation. Several plant substances such as curcumin, the major active compound in turmeric root, have been used for a long time in traditional medicine and for the treatment of CVDs. Newer mechanistic, animal, and human studies provide evidence that curcumin has pleiotropic effects and attenuates numerous parameters which contribute to an increased risk for CVDs in aging as well as in obesity. Thus, curcumin as a nutraceutical could hold promise in the prevention of CVDs, but more standardized clinical trials are required to fully unravel its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Frederike Cox
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Angelina Misiou
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Annika Vierkant
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.A.); Tel.: +49-211-3389-291 (J.H. & J.A.); Fax: +49-211-3389-331 (J.H. & J.A.)
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.A.); Tel.: +49-211-3389-291 (J.H. & J.A.); Fax: +49-211-3389-331 (J.H. & J.A.)
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20
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Bottermann K, Kalfhues L, Nederlof R, Hemmers A, Leitner LM, Oenarto V, Nemmer J, Pfeffer M, Raje V, Deenen R, Petzsch P, Zabri H, Köhrer K, Reichert AS, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, Herebian D, Stegbauer J, Harris TE, Gödecke A. Cardiomyocyte p38 MAPKα suppresses a heart-adipose tissue-neutrophil crosstalk in heart failure development. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:48. [PMID: 36205817 PMCID: PMC9542472 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although p38 MAP Kinase α (p38 MAPKα) is generally accepted to play a central role in the cardiac stress response, to date its function in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy is still not unambiguously defined. To induce a pathological type of cardiac hypertrophy we infused angiotensin II (AngII) for 2 days via osmotic mini pumps in control and tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific p38 MAPKα KO mice (iCMp38αKO) and assessed cardiac function by echocardiography, complemented by transcriptomic, histological, and immune cell analysis. AngII treatment after inactivation of p38 MAPKα in CM results in left ventricular (LV) dilatation within 48 h (EDV: BL: 83.8 ± 22.5 µl, 48 h AngII: 109.7 ± 14.6 µl) and an ectopic lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes, reflecting a metabolic dysfunction in pressure overload (PO). This was accompanied by a concerted downregulation of transcripts for oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Cardiac inflammation involving neutrophils, macrophages, B- and T-cells was significantly enhanced. Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis by the small molecule inhibitor of adipocytetriglyceride lipase (ATGL) Atglistatin reduced cardiac lipid accumulation by 70% and neutrophil infiltration by 30% and went along with an improved cardiac function. Direct targeting of neutrophils by means of anti Ly6G-antibody administration in vivo led to a reduced LV dilation in iCMp38αKO mice and an improved systolic function (EF: 39.27 ± 14%). Thus, adipose tissue lipolysis and CM lipid accumulation augmented cardiac inflammation in iCMp38αKO mice. Neutrophils, in particular, triggered the rapid left ventricular dilatation. We provide the first evidence that p38 MAPKα acts as an essential switch in cardiac adaptation to PO by mitigating metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Moreover, we identified a heart-adipose tissue-immune cell crosstalk, which might serve as new therapeutic target in cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bottermann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Kalfhues
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rianne Nederlof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Hemmers
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucia M Leitner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vici Oenarto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Nemmer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirjam Pfeffer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rene Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heba Zabri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID-Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID-Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Gerfer S, Grandoch M, Wahlers TCW, Kuhn EW. Factor Xa Inhibitors for Patients after Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 71:189-194. [PMID: 34894638 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with a mechanical heart valve need a lifelong anticoagulation due to the increased risk of valve thrombosis and thrombo-embolism. Currently, vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are the only approved class of oral anticoagulants, but relevant interactions and side effects lead to a large number of patients not achieving the optimal therapeutic target international normalized ration (INR). Therefore, steady measurements of the INR are imperative to ensure potent anticoagulation within a distinctive range. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with newer agents could serve as a possible alternative to VKAs in this patient cohort. DOACs are approved for several indications, e.g., atrial fibrillation (AF). They only have a minor interaction potential, which is why monitoring is not needed. Thereby, DOACs improve the livability of patients in need of chronical anticoagulation compared with VKAs. In contrast to dual platelet inhibition using aspirin in combination with an ADP receptor antagonist and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, the oral factor Xa inhibitors apixaban and rivaroxaban show promising results according to current evidence. In small-scale studies, factor Xa inhibitors were able to prevent thrombosis and thrombo-embolic events in patients with mechanical heart valves. Finally, DOACs seem to represent a feasible treatment option in patients with mechanical heart valves, but further studies are needed to evaluate clinical safety. In addition to the ongoing PROACT Xa trial with apixaban in patients after aortic On-X valve implantation, studies in an all-comer collective with rivaroxaban could be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gerfer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten C W Wahlers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elmar W Kuhn
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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22
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Hoermann H, Krueger I, Maurus N, Reusswig F, Sun Y, Kohlmorgen C, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, Elvers M. The Proteoglycan Biglycan Modulates Platelet Adhesion and Thrombus Formation in a GPVI-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12168. [PMID: 34830059 PMCID: PMC8622445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular injury induces the exposure of subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) important to serve as substrate for platelets to adhere to the injured vessel wall to avoid massive blood loss. Different ECM proteins are known to initiate platelet adhesion and activation. In atherosclerotic mice, the small, leucine-rich proteoglycan biglycan is important for the regulation of thrombin activity via heparin cofactor II. However, nothing is known about the role of biglycan for hemostasis and thrombosis under nonatherosclerotic conditions. METHODS The role of biglycan for platelet adhesion and thrombus formation was investigated using a recombinant protein and biglycan knockout mice. RESULTS The present study identified biglycan as important ECM protein for the adhesion and activation of platelets, and the formation of three-dimensional thrombi under flow conditions. Platelet adhesion to immobilized biglycan induces the reorganization of the platelet cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, biglycan binds and activates the major collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP)VI, because reduced platelet adhesion to recombinant biglycan was observed when GPVI was blocked and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation in a GPVI-dependent manner was observed when platelets were stimulated with biglycan. In vivo, the deficiency of biglycan resulted in reduced platelet adhesion to the injured carotid artery and prolonged bleeding times. CONCLUSIONS Loss of biglycan in the vessel wall of mice but not in platelets led to reduced platelet adhesion at the injured carotid artery and prolonged bleeding times, suggesting a crucial role for biglycan as ECM protein that binds and activates platelets via GPVI upon vessel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Hoermann
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Irena Krueger
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Nadine Maurus
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Friedrich Reusswig
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Yi Sun
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Christina Kohlmorgen
- Institute for Pharmacology und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.K.); (M.G.); (J.W.F.)
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.K.); (M.G.); (J.W.F.)
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology und Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.K.); (M.G.); (J.W.F.)
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.H.); (I.K.); (N.M.); (F.R.)
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Ale-Agha N, Jakobs P, Goy C, Zurek M, Rosen J, Dyballa-Rukes N, Metzger S, Greulich J, von Ameln F, Eckermann O, Unfried K, Brack F, Grandoch M, Thielmann M, Kamler M, Gedik N, Kleinbongard P, Heinen A, Heusch G, Gödecke A, Altschmied J, Haendeler J. Mitochondrial Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protects from Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury by Improving Complex I Composition and Function. Circulation 2021; 144:1876-1890. [PMID: 34672678 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The catalytic subunit of telomerase, Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) has protective functions in the cardiovascular system. TERT is not only present in the nucleus, but also in mitochondria. However, it is unclear whether nuclear or mitochondrial TERT is responsible for the observed protection and appropriate tools are missing to dissect this. Methods: We generated new mouse models containing TERT exclusively in the mitochondria (mitoTERT mice) or the nucleus (nucTERT mice) to finally distinguish between the functions of nuclear and mitochondrial TERT. Outcome after ischemia/reperfusion, mitochondrial respiration in the heart as well as cellular functions of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells were determined. Results: All mice were phenotypically normal. While respiration was reduced in cardiac mitochondria from TERT-deficient and nucTERT mice, it was increased in mitoTERT animals. The latter also had smaller infarcts than wildtype mice, whereas nucTERT animals had larger infarcts. The decrease in ejection fraction after one, two and four weeks of reperfusion was attenuated in mitoTERT mice. Scar size was also reduced and vascularization increased. Mitochondrial TERT protected a cardiomyocyte cell line from apoptosis. Myofibroblast differentiation, which depends on complex I activity, was abrogated in TERT-deficient and nucTERT cardiac fibroblasts and completely restored in mitoTERT cells. In endothelial cells, mitochondrial TERT enhanced migratory capacity and activation of endothelial NO synthase. Mechanistically, mitochondrial TERT improved the ratio between complex I matrix arm and membrane subunits explaining the enhanced complex I activity. In human right atrial appendages, TERT was localized in mitochondria and there increased by remote ischemic preconditioning. The Telomerase activator, TA-65 evoked a similar effect in endothelial cells, thereby increasing their migratory capacity, and enhanced myofibroblast differentiation. Conclusions: Mitochondrial, but not nuclear TERT, is critical for mitochondrial respiration and during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial TERT improves complex I subunit composition. TERT is present in human heart mitochondria, and remote ischemic preconditioning increases its level in those organelles. TA-65 has comparable effects ex vivo and improves migratory capacity of endothelial cells and myofibroblast differentiation. We conclude that mitochondrial TERT is responsible for cardioprotection and its increase could serve as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Jakobs
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Goy
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Zurek
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Rosen
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Dyballa-Rukes
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Metzger
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Greulich
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian von Ameln
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Eckermann
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Unfried
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fedor Brack
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery West German Heart Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery West German Heart Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen Germany
| | - Nilgün Gedik
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andre Heinen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Schneckmann R, Suvorava T, Hundhausen C, Schuler D, Lorenz C, Freudenberger T, Kelm M, Fischer JW, Flögel U, Grandoch M. Endothelial Hyaluronan Synthase 3 Augments Postischemic Arteriogenesis Through CD44/eNOS Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2551-2562. [PMID: 34380333 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The dominant driver of arteriogenesis is elevated shear stress sensed by the endothelial glycocalyx thereby promoting arterial outward remodeling. Hyaluronan, a critical component of the endothelial glycocalyx, is synthesized by 3 HAS isoenzymes (hyaluronan synthases 1-3) at the plasma membrane. Considering further the importance of HAS3 for smooth muscle cell and immune cell functions we aimed to evaluate its role in collateral artery growth. Approach and Results: Male Has3-deficient (Has3-KO) mice were subjected to hindlimb ischemia. Blood perfusion was monitored by laser Doppler perfusion imaging and endothelial function was assessed by measurement of flow-mediated dilation in vivo. Collateral remodeling was monitored by high resolution magnetic resonance angiography. A neutralizing antibody against CD44 (clone KM201) was injected intraperitoneally to analyze hyaluronan signaling in vivo. After hindlimb ischemia, Has3-KO mice showed a reduced arteriogenic response with decreased collateral remodeling and impaired perfusion recovery. While postischemic leukocyte infiltration was unaffected, a diminished flow-mediated dilation pointed towards an impaired endothelial cell function. Indeed, endothelial AKT (protein kinase B)-dependent eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation at Ser1177 was substantially reduced in Has3-KO thigh muscles. Endothelial-specific Has3-KO mice mimicked the hindlimb ischemia-induced phenotype of impaired perfusion recovery as observed in global Has3-deficiency. Mechanistically, blocking selectively the hyaluronan binding site of CD44 reduced flow-mediated dilation, thereby suggesting hyaluronan signaling through CD44 as the underlying signaling pathway. Conclusions: In summary, HAS3 contributes to arteriogenesis in hindlimb ischemia by hyaluronan/CD44-mediated stimulation of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. Thus, strategies augmenting endothelial HAS3 or CD44 could be envisioned to enhance vascularization under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schneckmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Hundhausen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Schuler
- Clinic for Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (D.S., M.K.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christin Lorenz
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Freudenberger
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Clinic for Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (D.S., M.K.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.K., J.W.F.)
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.K., J.W.F.)
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Cardiology (U.F.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty (R.S., T.S., C.H., C.L., T.F., J.W.F., M.G.), University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Hundhausen C, Schneckmann R, Ostendorf Y, Rimpler J, von Glinski A, Kohlmorgen C, Pasch N, Rolauer L, von Ameln F, Eckermann O, Altschmied J, Ale-Agha N, Haendeler J, Flögel U, Fischer JW, Grandoch M. Endothelial hyaluronan synthase 3 aggravates acute colitis in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. Matrix Biol 2021; 102:20-36. [PMID: 34464693 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between hyaluronan (HA) accumulation and increased inflammation in the colon suggests that HA is a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, whether patients with IBD would benefit from interference with HA synthesis is unknown. Here, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches to investigate the impact of systemic and partial blockade of HA synthesis in the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. To systemically inhibit HA production, we used 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU), whereas genetic approaches included the generation of mice with global or inducible cell-type specific deficiency in the Hyaluronan synthase 3 (Has3). We found that 4-MU treatment did not ameliorate but exacerbated disease severity characterized by increased body weight loss and enhanced colon tissue destruction compared to control mice without colitis. In contrast, global Has3 deficiency had a profound protective effect as reflected by a low colitis score and reduced infiltration of immune cells into the colon. To get further mechanistic insight into the proinflammatory role of HAS3, we deleted Has3 in a cell-type specific manner. Interestingly, while lack of Has3 expression in intestinal epithelial and smooth muscle cells had no effect or was rather proinflammatory, mice with Has3 deficiency in the endothelium were strongly protected against acute colitis. We conclude that endothelium-derived HAS3 plays a critical role in driving experimental colitis, warranting future studies on cell type-specific therapeutic interference with HA production in human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hundhausen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yanina Ostendorf
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Rimpler
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anette von Glinski
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Kohlmorgen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Pasch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luca Rolauer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian von Ameln
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Eckermann
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Clinics and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute for Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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26
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Kohlmorgen C, Gerfer S, Feldmann K, Twarock S, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Klier M, Krüger I, Helten C, Keul P, Kahl S, Polzin A, Elvers M, Flögel U, Kelm M, Levkau B, Roden M, Fischer JW, Grandoch M. Dapagliflozin reduces thrombin generation and platelet activation: implications for cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1834-1849. [PMID: 34131781 PMCID: PMC8245397 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS People with diabetes have an increased cardiovascular risk with an accelerated development of atherosclerosis and an elevated mortality rate after myocardial infarction. Therefore, cardioprotective effects of glucose-lowering therapies are of major importance for the pharmacotherapy of individuals with type 2 diabetes. For sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), in addition to a reduction in blood glucose, beneficial effects on atherosclerosis, obesity, renal function and blood pressure have been observed. Recent results showed a reduced risk of worsening heart failure and cardiovascular deaths under dapagliflozin treatment irrespective of the diabetic state. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet unknown. Platelets are known drivers of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis and disturbed platelet activation has also been suggested to occur in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of the SGLT2i dapagliflozin on the interplay between platelets and inflammation in atherogenesis. METHODS Male, 8-week-old LDL-receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice received a high-fat, high-sucrose diabetogenic diet supplemented without (control) or with dapagliflozin (5 mg/kg body weight per day) for two time periods: 8 and 25 weeks. In a first translational approach, eight healthy volunteers received 10 mg dapagliflozin/day for 4 weeks. RESULTS Dapagliflozin treatment ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion development, reduced circulating platelet-leucocyte aggregates (glycoprotein [GP]Ib+CD45+: 29.40 ± 5.94 vs 17.00 ± 5.69 cells, p < 0.01; GPIb+lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G+ (Ly6G): 8.00 ± 2.45 vs 4.33 ± 1.75 cells, p < 0.05) and decreased aortic macrophage infiltration (1.31 ± 0.62 vs 0.70 ± 0.58 ×103 cells/aorta, p < 0.01). Deeper analysis revealed that dapagliflozin decreased activated CD62P-positive platelets in Ldlr-/- mice fed a diabetogenic diet (3.78 ± 1.20% vs 2.83 ± 1.06%, p < 0.01) without affecting bleeding time (85.29 ± 37.27 vs 89.25 ± 16.26 s, p = 0.78). While blood glucose was only moderately affected, dapagliflozin further reduced endogenous thrombin generation (581.4 ± 194.6 nmol/l × min) × 10-9 thrombin vs 254.1 ± 106.4 (nmol/l × min) × 10-9 thrombin), thereby decreasing one of the most important platelet activators. We observed a direct inhibitory effect of dapagliflozin on isolated platelets. In addition, dapagliflozin increased HDL-cholesterol levels. Importantly, higher HDL-cholesterol levels (1.70 ± 0.58 vs 3.15 ± 1.67 mmol/l, p < 0.01) likely contribute to dapagliflozin-mediated inhibition of platelet activation and thrombin generation. Accordingly, in line with the results in mice, treatment with dapagliflozin lowered CD62P-positive platelet counts in humans after stimulation by collagen-related peptide (CRP; 88.13 ± 5.37% of platelets vs 77.59 ± 10.70%, p < 0.05) or thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 (TRAP-6; 44.23 ± 15.54% vs 28.96 ± 11.41%, p < 0.01) without affecting haemostasis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that dapagliflozin-mediated atheroprotection in mice is driven by elevated HDL-cholesterol and ameliorated thrombin-platelet-mediated inflammation without interfering with haemostasis. This glucose-independent mechanism likely contributes to dapagliflozin's beneficial cardiovascular risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kohlmorgen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Gerfer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Feldmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sören Twarock
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Meike Klier
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Krüger
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Helten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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27
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Leo F, Suvorava T, Heuser SK, Li J, LoBue A, Barbarino F, Piragine E, Schneckmann R, Hutzler B, Good ME, Fernandez BO, Vornholz L, Rogers S, Doctor A, Grandoch M, Stegbauer J, Weitzberg E, Feelisch M, Lundberg JO, Isakson BE, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM. Red Blood Cell and Endothelial eNOS Independently Regulate Circulating Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Blood Pressure. Circulation 2021; 144:870-889. [PMID: 34229449 PMCID: PMC8529898 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.049606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Current paradigms suggest that nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells (ECs) via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the vessel wall is the primary regulator of blood flow and blood pressure. However, red blood cells (RBCs) also carry a catalytically active eNOS, but its role is controversial and remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate the functional significance of red cell eNOS compared to EC eNOS for vascular hemodynamics and NO metabolism. Methods: We generated tissue-specific "loss-" and "gain-of-function" models for eNOS by using cell-specific Cre-induced gene inactivation or reactivation. We created two founder lines carrying a floxed eNOS (eNOSflox/flox) for Cre-inducible knock out (KO), as well as gene construct with an inactivated floxed/inverted exon (eNOSinv/inv) for a Cre-inducible knock in (KI), which respectively allow targeted deletion or reactivation of eNOS in erythroid cells (RBC eNOS KO or RBC eNOS KI mice) or endothelial cells (EC eNOS KO or EC eNOS KI mice). Vascular function, hemodynamics, and NO metabolism were compared ex vivo and in vivo. Results: The EC eNOS KOs exhibited significantly impaired aortic dilatory responses to acetylcholine, loss of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RBC eNOS KO mice showed no alterations in acetylcholine-mediated dilation or FMD but were hypertensive. Treatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NAME further increased blood pressure in RBC eNOS KOs, demonstrating that eNOS in both ECs and RBCs contributes to blood pressure regulation. While both EC eNOS KOs and RBC eNOS KOs had lower plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations, the levels of bound NO in RBCs were lower in RBC eNOS KOs as compared to EC eNOS KOs. Crucially, reactivation of eNOS in ECs or RBCs rescues the hypertensive phenotype of the eNOSinv/inv mice, while the levels of bound NO were restored only in RBC eNOS KI mice. Conclusions:These data reveal that eNOS in ECs and RBCs contribute independently to blood pressure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophia K Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Barbarino
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Hutzler
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Vornholz
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MD
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Hesse J, Owenier C, Lautwein T, Zalfen R, Weber JF, Ding Z, Alter C, Lang A, Grandoch M, Gerdes N, Fischer JW, Klau GW, Dieterich C, Köhrer K, Schrader J. Single-cell transcriptomics defines heterogeneity of epicardial cells and fibroblasts within the infarcted murine heart. eLife 2021; 10:e65921. [PMID: 34152268 PMCID: PMC8216715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult heart, the epicardium becomes activated after injury, contributing to cardiac healing by secretion of paracrine factors. Here, we analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing combined with RNA in situ hybridization and lineage tracing of Wilms tumor protein 1-positive (WT1+) cells, the cellular composition, location, and hierarchy of epicardial stromal cells (EpiSC) in comparison to activated myocardial fibroblasts/stromal cells in infarcted mouse hearts. We identified 11 transcriptionally distinct EpiSC populations, which can be classified into three groups, each containing a cluster of proliferating cells. Two groups expressed cardiac specification markers and sarcomeric proteins suggestive of cardiomyogenic potential. Transcripts of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-responsive genes were enriched in EpiSC consistent with an epicardial hypoxic niche. Expression of paracrine factors was not limited to WT1+ cells but was a general feature of activated cardiac stromal cells. Our findings provide the cellular framework by which myocardial ischemia may trigger in EpiSC the formation of cardioprotective/regenerative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hesse
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christoph Owenier
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tobias Lautwein
- Biologisch-Medizinisches-Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Ria Zalfen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jonas F Weber
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christina Alter
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Gunnar W Klau
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biologisch-Medizinisches-Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
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29
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Hackert K, Homann S, Mir S, Beran A, Gorreßen S, Funk F, Fischer JW, Grandoch M, Schmitt JP. 4-Methylumbelliferone Attenuates Macrophage Invasion and Myocardial Remodeling in Pressure-Overloaded Mouse Hearts. Hypertension 2021; 77:1918-1927. [PMID: 33745300 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Homann
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shakila Mir
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arne Beran
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Gorreßen
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Funk
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- From the Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany
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30
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Misiou A, Garmey JC, Hensien JM, Harmon DB, Osinski V, McSkimming C, Marshall MA, Fischer JW, Grandoch M, McNamara CA. Helix-Loop-Helix Factor Id3 (Inhibitor of Differentiation 3): A Novel Regulator of Hyaluronan-Mediated Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:796-807. [PMID: 33380173 PMCID: PMC8105274 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to unravel mechanisms whereby deficiency of the transcription factor Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) leads to metabolic dysfunction in visceral obesity. We investigated the impact of loss of Id3 on hyaluronic acid (HA) production by the 3 HAS isoenzymes (HA synthases; -1, -2, and -3) and on obesity-induced adipose tissue (AT) accumulation of proinflammatory B cells. Approach and Results: Male Id3-/- mice and respective wild-type littermate controls were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 4 weeks. An increase in inflammatory B2 cells was detected in Id3-/- epididymal AT. HA accumulated in epididymal AT of high-fat diet-fed Id3-/- mice and circulating levels of HA were elevated. Has2 mRNA expression was increased in epididymal AT of Id3-/- mice. Luciferase promoter assays showed that Id3 suppressed Has2 promoter activity, while loss of Id3 stimulated Has2 promoter activity. Functionally, HA strongly promoted B2 cell adhesion in the AT and on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of Id3-/- mice, an effect sensitive to hyaluronidase. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that loss of Id3 increases Has2 expression in the epididymal AT, thereby promoting HA accumulation. In turn, elevated HA content promotes HA-dependent binding of B2 cells and an increase in the B2 cells in the AT, which contributes to AT inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/immunology
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hyaluronan Synthases/genetics
- Hyaluronan Synthases/metabolism
- Hyaluronic Acid/biosynthesis
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Panniculitis/genetics
- Panniculitis/immunology
- Panniculitis/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Misiou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James C. Garmey
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jack M. Hensien
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Harmon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Melissa A. Marshall
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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31
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Helten C, Mourikis P, Dannenberg L, M'Pembele R, Trojovsky K, Ayhan A, Kohlmorgen C, Grandoch M, Levkau B, Veulemans V, Petzold T, Hohlfeld T, Kelm M, Zeus T, Polzin A. A novel mechanism of ACE inhibition-associated enhanced platelet reactivity: disproof of the ARB-MI paradox? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:1245-1251. [PMID: 32500252 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are important drugs in cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about which of these drug class is to be preferred. First analyses show that the blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) influences platelet reactivity. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ACEI and ARB on platelet reactivity and thrombin generation. METHODS We conducted a time series analysis in 34 patients. We performed light transmission aggregometry (LTA) to evaluate platelet reactivity. Results are given as maximum of aggregation (MoA). Thrombin generation was measured as endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) via calibrated automated thrombogram. Flow cytometry was used to analyze protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 expression. RESULTS ACEI treatment significantly increased platelet reactivity already 4 h after initiation of treatment (prior vs. 4 h post ACEI: MoA 41.9 ± 16.2% vs. 55.2 ± 16.7%; p = 0.003). After switching from ACEI to ARB treatment, platelet reactivity decreased significantly (3 months after switching: MoA 34.7 ± 20.9%; p = 0.03). ACEI reduced endogenous thrombin potential significantly from before to 3 months after ACEI (ETP 1527 ± 437 nM × min vs. 1088 ± 631 nM × min; p = 0.025). Platelet thrombin receptor (PAR1) expression increased from 37.38 ± 10.97% before to 49.53 ± 6.04% after ACEI treatment (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION ACEI enhanced platelet reactivity. This can be reversed by changing to ARB. The mechanism behind RAAS influencing platelet function seems to be associated with PAR-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Helten
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Mourikis
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Dannenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René M'Pembele
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kajetan Trojovsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aysel Ayhan
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Kohlmorgen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Veulemans
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hohlfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Zeus
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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32
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Petz A, Grandoch M, Gorski DJ, Abrams M, Piroth M, Schneckmann R, Homann S, Müller J, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Yamaguchi Y, Wight TN, Gorressen S, Ding Z, Kötter S, Krüger M, Heinen A, Kelm M, Gödecke A, Flögel U, Fischer JW. Cardiac Hyaluronan Synthesis Is Critically Involved in the Cardiac Macrophage Response and Promotes Healing After Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Circ Res 2020; 124:1433-1447. [PMID: 30916618 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Immediate changes in the ECM (extracellular matrix) microenvironment occur after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to unravel the role of the early hyaluronan (HA)-rich ECM after I/R. METHODS AND RESULTS Genetic deletion of Has2 and Has1 was used in a murine model of cardiac I/R. Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging was adapted to image cardiac ECM post-I/R. Of note, the cardiac chemical exchange saturation transfer signal was severely suppressed by Has2 deletion and pharmacological inhibition of HA synthesis 24 hours after I/R. Has2 KO ( Has2 deficient) mice showed impaired hemodynamic function suggesting a protective role for endogenous HA synthesis. In contrast to Has2 deficiency, Has1-deficient mice developed no specific phenotype compared with control post-I/R. Importantly, in Has2 KO mice, cardiac macrophages were diminished after I/R as detected by 19F MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of perfluorcarbon-labeled immune cells, Mac-2/Galectin-3 immunostaining, and FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) analysis (CD45+CD11b+Ly6G-CD64+F4/80+cells). In contrast to macrophages, cardiac Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow monocytes were unaffected post-I/R compared with control mice. Mechanistically, inhibition of HA synthesis led to increased macrophage apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In addition, α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin)-positive cells were reduced in the infarcted myocardium and in the border zone. In vitro, the myofibroblast response as measured by Acta2 mRNA expression was reduced by inhibition of HA synthesis and of CD44 signaling. Furthermore, Has2 KO fibroblasts were less able to contract collagen gels in vitro. The effects of HA/CD44 on fibroblasts and macrophages post-I/R might also affect intercellular cross talk because cardiac fibroblasts were activated by monocyte/macrophages and, in turn, protected macrophages from apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Increased HA synthesis contributes to postinfarct healing by supporting macrophage survival and by promoting the myofibroblast response. Additionally, imaging of cardiac HA by chemical exchange saturation transfer post-I/R might have translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Petz
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel J Gorski
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Abrams
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Piroth
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Homann
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Müller
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Germany (S.H., S.L.).,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany (S.H., S.L.)
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Germany (S.H., S.L.).,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany (S.H., S.L.)
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (Y.Y.)
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA (T.N.W.)
| | - Simone Gorressen
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- Institut für Molekulare Kardiologie (Z.D., U.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kötter
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie (S.K., M. Krüger, A.H., A.G.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Krüger
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie (S.K., M. Krüger, A.H., A.G.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andre Heinen
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie (S.K., M. Krüger, A.H., A.G.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie (M. Kelm, U.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie (S.K., M. Krüger, A.H., A.G.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institut für Molekulare Kardiologie (Z.D., U.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie (M. Kelm, U.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (A.P., M.G., D.J.G., M.A., M.P., R.S., S.H., J.M., S.G., M. Kelm, A.G., U.F., J.W.F.), University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Bartolomaeus H, Balogh A, Yakoub M, Homann S, Markó L, Höges S, Tsvetkov D, Krannich A, Wundersitz S, Avery EG, Haase N, Kräker K, Hering L, Maase M, Kusche-Vihrog K, Grandoch M, Fielitz J, Kempa S, Gollasch M, Zhumadilov Z, Kozhakhmetov S, Kushugulova A, Eckardt KU, Dechend R, Rump LC, Forslund SK, Müller DN, Stegbauer J, Wilck N. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Propionate Protects From Hypertensive Cardiovascular Damage. Circulation 2019; 139:1407-1421. [PMID: 30586752 PMCID: PMC6416008 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Arterial hypertension and its organ sequelae show characteristics of T cell–mediated inflammatory diseases. Experimental anti-inflammatory therapies have been shown to ameliorate hypertensive end-organ damage. Recently, the CANTOS study (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) targeting interleukin-1β demonstrated that anti-inflammatory therapy reduces cardiovascular risk. The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and cardiovascular health. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced from dietary fiber by gut bacteria and affect host immune homeostasis. Here, we investigated effects of the SCFA propionate in 2 different mouse models of hypertensive cardiovascular damage. Methods: To investigate the effect of SCFAs on hypertensive cardiac damage and atherosclerosis, wild-type NMRI or apolipoprotein E knockout–deficient mice received propionate (200 mmol/L) or control in the drinking water. To induce hypertension, wild-type NMRI mice were infused with angiotensin II (1.44 mg·kg–1·d–1 subcutaneous) for 14 days. To accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E knockout mice were infused with angiotensin II (0.72 mg·kg–1·d–1 subcutaneous) for 28 days. Cardiac damage and atherosclerosis were assessed using histology, echocardiography, in vivo electrophysiology, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Blood pressure was measured by radiotelemetry. Regulatory T cell depletion using PC61 antibody was used to examine the mode of action of propionate. Results: Propionate significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, vascular dysfunction, and hypertension in both models. Susceptibility to cardiac ventricular arrhythmias was significantly reduced in propionate-treated angiotensin II–infused wild-type NMRI mice. Aortic atherosclerotic lesion area was significantly decreased in propionate-treated apolipoprotein E knockout–deficient mice. Systemic inflammation was mitigated by propionate treatment, quantified as a reduction in splenic effector memory T cell frequencies and splenic T helper 17 cells in both models, and a decrease in local cardiac immune cell infiltration in wild-type NMRI mice. Cardioprotective effects of propionate were abrogated in regulatory T cell–depleted angiotensin II–infused mice, suggesting the effect is regulatory T cell–dependent. Conclusions: Our data emphasize an immune-modulatory role of SCFAs and their importance for cardiovascular health. The data suggest that lifestyle modifications leading to augmented SCFA production could be a beneficial nonpharmacological preventive strategy for patients with hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - András Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - Mina Yakoub
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.Y., S. Höges, L.H., L.C.R., J.S.)
| | - Susanne Homann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Universitätsrat, Düsseldorf, Germany (S. Homann, M.G.)
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - Sascha Höges
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.Y., S. Höges, L.H., L.C.R., J.S.)
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Tübingen, Germany (D.T.)
| | - Alexander Krannich
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - Sebastian Wundersitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - Ellen G Avery
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - Nadine Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - Kristin Kräker
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - Lydia Hering
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.Y., S. Höges, L.H., L.C.R., J.S.)
| | - Martina Maase
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Germany (M.M., K.K.-V.)
| | | | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Universitätsrat, Düsseldorf, Germany (S. Homann, M.G.)
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald (J.F.)
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Germany (S. Kempa)
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G., K.-U.E., N.W.)
| | - Zhaxybay Zhumadilov
- National Laboratory Astana Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan (Z.Z., S. Kozhakhmetov, A. Kushugalova)
| | - Samat Kozhakhmetov
- National Laboratory Astana Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan (Z.Z., S. Kozhakhmetov, A. Kushugalova)
| | - Almagul Kushugulova
- National Laboratory Astana Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan (Z.Z., S. Kozhakhmetov, A. Kushugalova)
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G., K.-U.E., N.W.)
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Lars Christian Rump
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.Y., S. Höges, L.H., L.C.R., J.S.)
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.F.)
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.)
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany (M.Y., S. Höges, L.H., L.C.R., J.S.)
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., M.G., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., D.T., S.W., E.G.A., J.B., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., A. Krannich, E.G.A., N.H., K.K., S. Kempa, R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin (H.B., A.B., L.M., S.W., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., J.F., R.D., D.N.M., N.W.).,Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (H.B., A.B., L.M., E.G.A., N.H., K.K., R.D., S.K.F., D.N.M., N.W.).,Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G., K.-U.E., N.W.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grandoch
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany and CARID (Cardiovascular Research Center Düsseldorf), Germany (M.G., J.W.F.)
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (P.L.B.)
| | - Jens W Fischer
- From the Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany and CARID (Cardiovascular Research Center Düsseldorf), Germany (M.G., J.W.F.)
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Twarock S, Reichert C, Bach K, Reiners O, Kretschmer I, Gorski DJ, Gorges K, Grandoch M, Fischer JW. Inhibition of the hyaluronan matrix enhances metabolic anticancer therapy by dichloroacetate in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4474-4490. [PMID: 31351004 PMCID: PMC6932941 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Aerobic glycolysis is a unique feature of tumour cells that entails several advantages for cancer progression such as resistance to apoptosis. The low MW compound, dichloroacetate, is a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, which restores oxidative phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer entities. However, its therapeutic effectiveness is limited by resistance mechanisms. This study aimed to examine the role of the anti‐apoptotic hyaluronan (HA) matrix in this context and to identify a potential add‐on treatment option to overcome this limitation. Experimental Approach The metabolic connection between dichloroacetate treatment and HA matrix augmentation was analysed in vitro by quantitative PCR and affinity cytochemistry. Metabolic pathways were analysed using Seahorse, HPLC, fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, colourimetry, immunoblots, and immunochemistry. The effects of combining dichloroacetate with the HA synthesis inhibitor 4‐methylumbelliferone was evaluated in 2D and 3D cell cultures and in a nude mouse tumour xenograft regression model by immunoblot, immunochemistry, and FACS analysis. Key Results Mitochondrial reactivation induced by dichloroacetate metabolically activated HA synthesis by augmenting precursors as well as O‐GlcNAcylation. This process was blocked by 4‐methylumbelliferone, resulting in enhanced anti‐tumour efficacy in 2D and 3D cell culture and in a nude mouse tumour xenograft regression model. Conclusions and Implications The HA rich tumour micro‐environment represents a metabolic factor contributing to chemotherapy resistance. HA synthesis inhibition exhibited pronounced synergistic actions with dichloroacetate treatment on oesophageal tumour cell proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo suggesting the combination of these two strategies is an effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Twarock
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Reichert
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Bach
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiners
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Kretschmer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel J Gorski
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Gorges
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Grandoch M, Flögel U, Virtue S, Maier JK, Jelenik T, Kohlmorgen C, Feldmann K, Ostendorf Y, Castañeda TR, Zhou Z, Yamaguchi Y, Nascimento EB, Sunkari VG, Goy C, Kinzig M, Sörgel F, Bollyky PL, Schrauwen P, Al-Hasani H, Roden M, Keipert S, Vidal-Puig A, Jastroch M, Haendeler J, Fischer JW. 4-Methylumbelliferone improves the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue. Nat Metab 2019; 1:546-559. [PMID: 31602424 PMCID: PMC6786893 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic increase of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is of great interest as BAT activation counteracts obesity and insulin resistance. Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan, found in the extracellular matrix, which is synthesized by HA synthases (Has1/Has2/Has3) from sugar precursors and accumulates in diabetic conditions. Its synthesis can be inhibited by the small molecule 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). Here, we show that the inhibition of HA-synthesis by 4-MU or genetic deletion of Has2/Has3 improves BAT`s thermogenic capacity, reduces body weight gain, and improves glucose homeostasis independently from adrenergic stimulation in mice on diabetogenic diet, as shown by a magnetic resonance T2 mapping approach. Inhibition of HA synthesis increases glycolysis, BAT respiration and uncoupling protein 1 expression. In addition, we show that 4-MU increases BAT capacity without inducing chronic stimulation and propose that 4-MU, a clinically approved prescription-free drug, could be repurposed to treat obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- corresponding author: Dr. Maria Grandoch, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sam Virtue
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia K. Maier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Kohlmorgen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Feldmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yanina Ostendorf
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tamara R. Castañeda
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhou Zhou
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emmani B.M. Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, The Netherlands
| | - Vivekananda G. Sunkari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christine Goy
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Kinzig
- Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Sörgel
- Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, Germany
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, The Netherlands
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Keipert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Jastroch
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Heisenberg Group - Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Nagy N, Gurevich I, Kuipers HF, Ruppert SM, Marshall PL, Xie BJ, Sun W, Malkovskiy AV, Rajadas J, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, Frymoyer AR, Kaber G, Bollyky PL. 4-Methylumbelliferyl glucuronide contributes to hyaluronan synthesis inhibition. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7864-7877. [PMID: 30914479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) inhibits hyaluronan (HA) synthesis and is an approved drug used for managing biliary spasm. However, rapid and efficient glucuronidation is thought to limit its utility for systemically inhibiting HA synthesis. In particular, 4-MU in mice has a short half-life, causing most of the drug to be present as the metabolite 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (4-MUG), which makes it remarkable that 4-MU is effective at all. We report here that 4-MUG contributes to HA synthesis inhibition. We observed that oral administration of 4-MUG to mice inhibits HA synthesis, promotes FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell expansion, and prevents autoimmune diabetes. Mice fed either 4-MUG or 4-MU had equivalent 4-MU:4-MUG ratios in serum, liver, and pancreas, indicating that 4-MU and 4-MUG reach an equilibrium in these tissues. LC-tandem MS experiments revealed that 4-MUG is hydrolyzed to 4-MU in serum, thereby greatly increasing the effective bioavailability of 4-MU. Moreover, using intravital 2-photon microscopy, we found that 4-MUG (a nonfluorescent molecule) undergoes conversion into 4-MU (a fluorescent molecule) and that 4-MU is extensively tissue bound in the liver, fat, muscle, and pancreas of treated mice. 4-MUG also suppressed HA synthesis independently of its conversion into 4-MU and without depletion of the HA precursor UDP-glucuronic acid (GlcUA). Together, these results indicate that 4-MUG both directly and indirectly inhibits HA synthesis and that the effective bioavailability of 4-MU is higher than previously thought. These findings greatly alter the experimental and therapeutic possibilities for HA synthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nagy
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305,
| | - Irina Gurevich
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Shannon M Ruppert
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Payton L Marshall
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Bryan J Xie
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery (BioADD) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany, and
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany, and
| | - Adam R Frymoyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Gernot Kaber
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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38
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Knoop B, Naguib D, Dannenberg L, Helten C, Zako S, Jung C, Levkau B, Grandoch M, Kelm M, Zeus T, Polzin A. Cardioprotection by very mild hypothermia in mice. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2019; 9:64-67. [PMID: 30881880 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2018.08.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Target temperature management is recommended in post-resuscitation care. Additionally, hypothermia is a promising option in adjunctive therapy of acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, first in men data are contradicting. There are still many open questions to identify the optimal regimen and target temperature. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of very mild hypothermia on infarct size (IS) in mice. Mice underwent cardiac ischemia by temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery under conditions of very mild hypothermia (34-36 °C). Hypothermia was reached within the first 5 minutes of ischemia (temperature: 34.6±0.5 vs. 36.8±1.1 °C, P=0.035). Very mild hypothermia reduced IS in mice undergoing 30 minutes ischemia [IS/area at risk (AAR): 45±12% vs. 22±4%, P=0.018] as well as mice undergoing 60 minutes ischemia [IS/AAR: 67±7% vs. 28±2%, P=0.0003]. Very mild hypothermia reduces IS. This new approach in adjunctive therapy of patients with acute MI should be investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Knoop
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Naguib
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Dannenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Helten
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saif Zako
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Zeus
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
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39
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Gorski DJ, Petz A, Reichert C, Twarock S, Grandoch M, Fischer JW. Cardiac fibroblast activation and hyaluronan synthesis in response to hyperglycemia and diet-induced insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1827. [PMID: 30755628 PMCID: PMC6372628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are at a greater risk of heart failure due to diabetic cardiomyopathy and worsened outcome post-myocardial infarction. While the molecular mechanisms remain unclear, fibrosis and chronic inflammation are common characteristics of both conditions. Diabetes mellitus (types I and II) results in excessive hyaluronan (HA) deposition in vivo, and hyperglycemia stimulates HA synthesis for several cell types in vitro. HA-rich extracellular matrix contributes to fibrotic, hyperplastic and inflammatory disease progression. We hypothesized that excessive hyperglycemia-driven HA accumulation may contribute to pathological fibroblast activation and fibrotic remodelling in diabetic patients. Therefore, we analysed the impact of both hyperglycemia and diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance on HA matrix formation and cardiac fibroblast activation. Here we report that cardiac fibroblasts isolated from mice on a diabetogenic diet acquire pro-fibrotic gene expression without a concomitant increase in HA matrix deposition. Additionally, hyperglycemia alone does not stimulate HA synthesis or cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro, suggesting that the direct effect of hyperglycemia on fibroblasts is not the primary driver of fibrotic remodelling in cardiac diabetic maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gorski
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Petz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Reichert
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sören Twarock
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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40
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Heinen A, Nederlof R, Panjwani P, Spychala A, Tschaidse T, Reffelt H, Boy J, Raupach A, Gödecke S, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Grandoch M, Petz A, Fischer JW, Alter C, Vasilevska J, Lang P, Gödecke A. IGF1 Treatment Improves Cardiac Remodeling after Infarction by Targeting Myeloid Cells. Mol Ther 2018; 27:46-58. [PMID: 30528085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is an anabolic hormone that controls the growth and metabolism of many cell types. However, IGF1 also mediates cardio-protective effects after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the underlying mechanisms and cellular targets are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that short-term IGF1 treatment for 3 days after AMI improved cardiac function after 1 and 4 weeks. Regional wall motion was improved in ischemic segments, scar size was reduced, and capillary density increased in the infarcted area and the border zone. Unexpectedly, inducible inactivation of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) in cardiomyocytes did not attenuate the protective effect of IGF1. Sequential cardiac transcriptomic analysis indicated an altered myeloid cell response in the acute phase after AMI, and, notably, myeloid-cell Igf1r-/- mice lost the protective IGF1 function after I/R. In addition, IGF1 induced an M2-like anti-inflammatory phenotype in bone marrow-derived macrophages and enhanced the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages in heart tissue on day 3 after AMI in vivo. In summary, modulation of the acute inflammatory phase after AMI by IGF1 represents an effective mechanism to preserve cardiac function after I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Heinen
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rianne Nederlof
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Priyadarshini Panjwani
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - André Spychala
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tengis Tschaidse
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiko Reffelt
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Boy
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gödecke
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Labor, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Labor, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Petz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alter
- Institut für Molekulare Kardiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jelena Vasilevska
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin II, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Lang
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin II, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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41
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Dannenberg L, Petzold T, Achilles A, Naguib D, Zako S, Helten C, M'Pembele R, Mourikis P, Podsvyadek Y, Grandoch M, Levkau B, Zeus T, Kelm M, Hohlfeld T, Polzin A. Dose reduction, oral application, and order of intake to preserve aspirin antiplatelet effects in dipyrone co-medicated chronic artery disease patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 75:13-20. [PMID: 30251061 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-2560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipyrone comedication in aspirin-treated patients is associated with impaired pharmacodynamic response to aspirin (high on-treatment platelet reactivity [HTPR]). Additionally, in small observational studies, an association with impaired outcome has been described. In this uncontrolled, hypothesis-generating study, we aimed to investigate strategies to prevent this drug-drug interaction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We analyzed pharmacodynamic response to aspirin in 80 dipyrone co-medicated CAD patients. Aspirin antiplatelet effects were measured using arachidonic acid (AA)-induced light-transmission aggregometry (LTA). Platelet reactivity was associated with daily dose, administration form, and frequency. Additionally, we conducted a time-series analysis in patients with HTPR to aspirin with re-evaluation of pharmacodynamic response to aspirin after 5 days. RESULTS Patients' mean age was 75.5 ± 9.8 years. Forty-three (54%) were male, 22 (27.5%) obese, and 38 (47.5%) diabetics. Baseline characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, comedication, or laboratory parameters did not differ between patients with or without HTPR. HTPR to aspirin occurred in 34 out of 80 patients (42.5%). The incidence of HTPR was associated with dipyrone daily dose (< 1 g/day: HTPR 20% vs. > 3 g/day: HTPR 50%, p > 0.0001) and form of administration (i.v. 87.5% vs. oral 37.5%; p < 0.0001). A strict order of intake (aspirin 30 min prior to dipyrone) restored aspirin antiplatelet effects in all patients (HTPR before 100% vs. HTPR after 0%, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION This study shows that dipyrone should be used with caution in aspirin-treated patients. If dipyrone seems indispensable, the lowest effective dose and a strict order of intake seem favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dannenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tobias Petzold
- Department of Cardiology, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Achilles
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Naguib
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saif Zako
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Helten
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René M'Pembele
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Mourikis
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yanina Podsvyadek
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Pathophysiology, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Zeus
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hohlfeld
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wilck N, Bartolomaeus H, Balogh A, Yakoub M, Homann S, Markó L, Höges S, Tsvetkov D, Wundersitz S, Haase N, Hering L, Maase M, Kusche-Vihrog K, Grandoch M, Fielitz J, Kempa S, Forslund SK, Kushugulova A, Dechend R, Eckardt KU, Rump LC, Müller DN, Stegbauer J. Abstract 131: Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Propionate Protects From Hypertensive Cardiovascular Damage. Hypertension 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.72.suppl_1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Inflammation drives cardiovascular disease, anti-inflammatory approaches may be beneficial. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are bacterial metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties affecting host immune homeostasis including regulatory T cells (Treg). We investigated effects of the SCFA propionate (administered in drinking water, NaCl as control) in two mouse models, namely hypertensive heart disease (wild-type NMRI (WT), angiotensin (Ang)II infusion 1.44 mg/kg/d s.c. for 14 days) and atherosclerosis (Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE), AngII infusion 0.72 mg/kg/d s.c. for 28 days), respectively.
Results:
Propionate attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in both models significantly. Susceptibility to cardiac ventricular arrhythmias was significantly reduced in propionate-treated WT mice. Aortic atherosclerotic lesion area was significantly reduced in propionate-treated ApoE (27.6±8 vs. 7.9±2.4%). Treatment reduced splenic effector memory (CD4+ CD44+ CD62L-) T cell frequencies (WT: 30.5±4.6 vs. 19.1±1.6; ApoE: 41.1±3.1 vs. 32.7±1.4%) and splenic Th17 cells (WT: 1.0±0.2 vs. 0.6±0.1; ApoE: 1.3±0.1 vs. 0.9±0.1%) in both models, indicating beneficial effects on systemic inflammation. Similarly, propionate reduced cardiac immune cell infiltration (CD4+, CD8+, F4/80+) in WT mice. Propionate improved vascular dysfunction and moderately reduced blood pressure in both models. Organ-protective actions of propionate (cardiac inflammation and fibrosis) were abrogated in Treg-depleted (antiCD25-treated) AngII-infused WT mice, suggesting a central role for Treg. To verify our findings in a human cohort, we re-analyzed clinical and metagenomic data from a recent randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of a 90-day synbiotic intervention in 84 subjects with metabolic syndrome including healthy controls. Interestingly, in synbiotic-treated subjects an increased capacity for SFCA production was significantly correlated to blood pressure reduction.
Conclusion:
Data underscore the importance of SCFA for cardiovascular health and suggest that lifestyle modifications leading to augmented SCFA production could be a beneficial non-pharmacological add-on strategy for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mina Yakoub
- Dept of Nephrology, Univ Hosp Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Univ Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Homann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Univ Hosp Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Univ Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Höges
- Dept of Nephrology, Univ Hosp Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Univ Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lydia Hering
- Dept of Nephrology, Univ Hosp Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Univ Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Maase
- Institute of Physiology II, Univ of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Univ Hosp Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Univ Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Charité Univ Medicine, Div of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars C Rump
- Dept of Nephrology, Univ Hosp Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Univ Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Dept of Nephrology, Univ Hosp Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Univ Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ale-Agha N, Goy C, Jakobs P, Spyridopoulos I, Gonnissen S, Dyballa-Rukes N, Aufenvenne K, von Ameln F, Zurek M, Spannbrucker T, Eckermann O, Jakob S, Gorressen S, Abrams M, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, Köhrer K, Deenen R, Unfried K, Altschmied J, Haendeler J. CDKN1B/p27 is localized in mitochondria and improves respiration-dependent processes in the cardiovascular system-New mode of action for caffeine. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004408. [PMID: 29927970 PMCID: PMC6013014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B)/p27, previously known as a cell cycle inhibitor, is also localized within mitochondria. The migratory capacity of endothelial cells, which need intact mitochondria, is completely dependent on mitochondrial p27. Mitochondrial p27 improves mitochondrial membrane potential, increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and is required for the promigratory effect of caffeine. Domain mapping of p27 revealed that the N-terminus and C-terminus are required for those improvements. Further analysis of those regions revealed that the translocation of p27 into the mitochondria and its promigratory activity depend on serine 10 and threonine 187. In addition, mitochondrial p27 protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis. Moreover, mitochondrial p27 is necessary and sufficient for cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. In addition, p27 deficiency and aging decrease respiration in heart mitochondria. Caffeine does not increase respiration in p27-deficient animals, whereas aged mice display improvement after 10 days of caffeine in drinking water. Moreover, caffeine induces transcriptome changes in a p27-dependent manner, affecting mostly genes relevant for mitochondrial processes. Caffeine also reduces infarct size after myocardial infarction in prediabetic mice and increases mitochondrial p27. Our data characterize mitochondrial p27 as a common denominator that improves mitochondria-dependent processes and define an increase in mitochondrial p27 as a new mode of action of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Goy
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Jakobs
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Gonnissen
- Core Unit Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Dyballa-Rukes
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Aufenvenne
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian von Ameln
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Core Unit Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Zurek
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Spannbrucker
- Environmentally-induced Skin and Lung Aging, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Eckermann
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Jakob
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Gorressen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Abrams
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), HHU, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - René Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), HHU, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Unfried
- Environmentally-induced Skin and Lung Aging, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Core Unit Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Heisenberg-group—Environmentally-induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Medical Faculty, HHU Duesseldorf and IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
SummaryIt has been proposed that alternatively-spliced human tissue factor (asHTF) is pro-coagulant. We have evaluated the function of asHTF in a mammalian expression system. Full-length human tissue factor (HTF) and asHTF were cloned from smooth muscle cells and over-expressed in HEK293 cells. As expected, a marked pro-coagulant activity (FX activation, thrombin generation) was observed on the surface, in lysates, and on microparticles from HTF transfected cells. In contrast, no pro-coagulant activity of as HTF was observed.
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Homann S, Grandoch M, Kiene LS, Podsvyadek Y, Feldmann K, Rabausch B, Nagy N, Lehr S, Kretschmer I, Oberhuber A, Bollyky P, Fischer JW. Hyaluronan synthase 3 promotes plaque inflammation and atheroprogression. Matrix Biol 2017; 66:67-80. [PMID: 28987865 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyaluronan (HA) is a prominent component of the provisional extracellular matrix (ECM) present in the neointima of atherosclerotic plaques. Here the role of HA synthase 3 (HAS3) in atheroprogression was studied. APPROACH AND RESULTS It is demonstrated here that HAS isoenzymes 1, -2 and -3 are expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid artery. In Apolipoprotein E (Apoe)-deficient mice Has3 expression is increased early during lesion formation when macrophages enter atherosclerotic plaques. Importantly, HAS3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was found to be regulated by interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) in an NFkB dependent manner and blocking antibodies to IL-1β abrogate Has3 expression in VSMC by activated macrophages. Has3/Apoe double deficient mice developed less atherosclerosis characterized by decreased Th1-cell responses, decreased IL-12 release, and decreased macrophage-driven inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of HAS3-dependent synthesis of HA dampens systemic Th1 cell polarization and reduces plaque inflammation. These data suggest that HAS3 might be a promising therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Moreover, because HAS3 is regulated by IL-1β, our results suggest that therapeutic anti-IL-1β antibodies, recently tested in human clinical trials (CANTOS), may exert their beneficial effects on inflammation in post-myocardial infarction patients in part via effects on HAS3. TOC categorybasic study TOC subcategoryarteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Homann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena S Kiene
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yanina Podsvyadek
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Feldmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Berit Rabausch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Immunology, Stanford, USA
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Kretschmer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Oberhuber
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Immunology, Stanford, USA
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Piayda K, Mohring A, Dannenberg L, Achilles A, Grandoch M, Hohlfeld T, Fischer J, Levkau B, Kelm M, Zeus T, Polzin A. P5364Dabigatran enhances platelet reactivity and platelet thrombin receptor expression in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Feldmann K, Grandoch M, Kohlmorgen C, Valentin B, Gerfer S, Nagy N, Fender AC, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Fischer JW. Reduced pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in visceral adipose tissue and atherosclerotic lesions of LDL receptor deficient mice treated with the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Atherosclerosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Achilles A, Mohring A, Dannenberg L, Grandoch M, Hohlfeld T, Fischer JW, Levkau B, Kelm M, Zeus T, Polzin A. Dabigatran enhances platelet reactivity and platelet thrombin receptor expression in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:473-476. [PMID: 27992120 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Whether or not dabigatran enhances the risk of myocardial infarction is under discussion. We measured platelet reactivity and thrombin receptor expression in dabigatran patients. Platelet reactivity and thrombin receptor expression is enhanced during dabigatran treatment. This should be considered when choosing the optimal direct oral anticoagulant for individuals. SUMMARY Background The direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Its landmark trial, the RE-LY study, observed a trend towards a higher incidence of myocardial infarctions (MIs) in dabigatran-treated patients. Since then, there have been discussions on whether dabigatran increases the risk of MI. Objective In this study, we aimed to assess platelet reactivity and platelet thrombin receptor expression in dabigatran-treated patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 13 hospitalized patients with planned initiation of dabigatran medication. Platelet reactivity was measured by light-transmission aggregometry and platelet thrombin receptor expression was measured by flow cytometry analysis. Results Platelet reactivity was higher after initiation of dabigatran medication as compared with baseline (baseline 44 ± 24% vs. dabigatran 70 ± 25%). Accordingly, the density of both platelet thrombin receptors (protease activated receptor [PAR]-1 and PAR-4) on platelets increased during dabigatran treatment (PAR1, baseline 63 ± 11% vs. dabigatran 70 ± 10%; PAR4, baseline 1.1 ± 0.5% vs. dabigatran 1.6 ± 0.9%). Conclusions Dabigatran increases platelet reactivity by enhancing the thrombin receptor density on platelets. This finding should be considered while choosing the optimal DOAC in individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Achilles
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - A Mohring
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - L Dannenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - M Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - T Hohlfeld
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - J W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - B Levkau
- Institute of Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - T Zeus
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - A Polzin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Kötter S, Kazmierowska M, Andresen C, Bottermann K, Grandoch M, Gorressen S, Heinen A, Moll JM, Scheller J, Gödecke A, Fischer JW, Schmitt JP, Krüger M. Adaptive Ventricular Remodelling after Myocardial Infarction Involves Titin-Based Cardiomyocyte Stiffening and Elevated Titin Turnover. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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50
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Kötter S, Kazmierowska M, Andresen C, Bottermann K, Grandoch M, Gorressen S, Heinen A, Moll JM, Scheller J, Gödecke A, Fischer JW, Schmitt JP, Krüger M. Titin-Based Cardiac Myocyte Stiffening Contributes to Early Adaptive Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2016; 119:1017-1029. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
Myocardial infarction (MI) increases the wall stress in the viable myocardium and initiates early adaptive remodeling in the left ventricle to maintain cardiac output. Later remodeling processes include fibrotic reorganization that eventually leads to cardiac failure. Understanding the mechanisms that support cardiac function in the early phase post MI and identifying the processes that initiate transition to maladaptive remodeling are of major clinical interest.
Objective:
To characterize MI-induced changes in titin-based cardiac myocyte stiffness and to elucidate the role of titin in ventricular remodeling of remote myocardium in the early phase after MI.
Methods and Results:
Titin properties were analyzed in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts after 20-minute ischemia/60-minute reperfusion (I/R), and mouse hearts that underwent ligature of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 3 or 10 days. Cardiac myocyte passive tension was significantly increased 1 hour after ischemia/reperfusion and 3 and 10 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligature. The increased passive tension was caused by hypophosphorylation of the titin N2-B unique sequence and hyperphosphorylation of the PEVK (titin domain rich in proline, glutamate, valine, and lysine) region of titin. Blocking of interleukine-6 before left anterior descending coronary artery ligature restored titin-based myocyte tension after MI, suggesting that MI-induced titin stiffening is mediated by elevated levels of the cytokine interleukine-6. We further demonstrate that the early remodeling processes 3 days after MI involve accelerated titin turnover by the ubiquitin–proteasome system.
Conclusions:
We conclude that titin-based cardiac myocyte stiffening acutely after MI is partly mediated by interleukine-6 and is an important mechanism of remote myocardium to adapt to the increased mechanical demands after myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kötter
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Kazmierowska
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Andresen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Bottermann
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Gorressen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andre Heinen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens M. Moll
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim P. Schmitt
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Krüger
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology (S.K., M.K., C.A., K.B., A.H., A.G., M.K.), Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology (M.G., S.G., J.W.F., J.P.S.), and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II (J.M.M., J.S.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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