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Zhan L, He J, Ding L, Storey KB, Zhang J, Yu D. Comparison of Mitochondrial Genome Expression Differences among Four Skink Species Distributed at Different Latitudes under Low-Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10637. [PMID: 39408966 PMCID: PMC11605214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Continual climate change strongly influences temperature conditions worldwide, making ectothermic animals as suitable species for studying the potential impact of climate change on global biodiversity. However, the study of how lizards distributed at different latitudes respond to climate change at the transcriptome level is still insufficient. According to the Climatic Variability Hypothesis (CVH), the range of climate fluctuations experienced by terrestrial animals throughout the year increases with latitude, so individuals at higher latitudes should exhibit greater thermal plasticity to cope with fluctuating environments. Mitochondria, as the energy center of vertebrate cells, may indicate species' plasticity through the sensitivity of gene expression. In this study, we focused on the changes in transcript levels of liver mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) in skinks from the genus Plestiodon (P. capito and P. elegans) and the genus Scincella (S. modesta and S. reevesii) under low-temperature conditions of 8 °C, compared to the control group at 25 °C. Species within the same genus of skinks exhibit different latitudinal distribution patterns. We found that the two Plestiodon species, P. elegans and P. capito, employ a metabolic depression strategy (decreased transcript levels) to cope with low temperatures. In contrast, the two Scincella species show markedly different patterns: S. modesta exhibits significant increases in the transcript levels of six genes (metabolic compensation), while in S. reevesii, only two mitochondrial genes are downregulated (metabolic depression) compared to the control group. We also found that P. capito and S. modesta, which live at mid-to-high latitudes, exhibit stronger adaptive responses and plasticity at the mitochondrial gene level compared to P. elegans and S. reevesii, which live at lower latitudes. We suggest that this enhanced adaptability corresponds to more significant changes in a greater number of genes (plasticity genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemei Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jingyi He
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Lingyi Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Jiayong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Danna Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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2
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Wang G, Zou X, Chen Q, Nong W, Miao W, Luo H, Qu S. The relationship and clinical significance of lactylation modification in digestive system tumors. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:246. [PMID: 39010066 PMCID: PMC11251390 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactylation, an emerging post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of digestive system tumors. This study presents a comprehensive review of lactylation in digestive system tumors, underscoring its critical involvement in tumor development and progression. By focusing on metabolic reprogramming, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and the molecular mechanisms regulating tumor progression, the potential of targeting lactylation as a therapeutic strategy is highlighted. The research reveals that lactylation participates in gene expression regulation and cell signaling by affecting the post-translational states of histones and non-histone proteins, thereby influencing metabolic pathways and immune evasion mechanisms in tumor cells. Furthermore, this study assesses the feasibility of lactylation as a therapeutic target, providing insights for clinical treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Future research should concentrate on elucidating the mechanisms of lactylation, developing efficient lactylation inhibitors, and validating their therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, which could transform current cancer treatment and immunotherapy approaches. In summary, this review emphasizes the crucial role of lactylation in tumorigenesis and progression through a detailed analysis of its molecular mechanisms and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaosu Zou
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenqian Nong
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiwei Miao
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Honglin Luo
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shenhong Qu
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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3
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Zhan L, He J, Meng S, Guo Z, Chen Y, Storey KB, Zhang J, Yu D. Mitochondrial Protein-Coding Gene Expression in the Lizard Sphenomorphus incognitus (Squamata:Scincidae) Responding to Different Temperature Stresses. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1671. [PMID: 38891717 PMCID: PMC11170996 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of global warming, the frequency of severe weather occurrences, such as unexpected cold spells and heat waves, will grow, as well as the intensity of these natural disasters. Lizards, as a large group of reptiles, are ectothermic. Their body temperatures are predominantly regulated by their environment and temperature variations directly impact their behavior and physiological activities. Frequent cold periods and heat waves can affect their biochemistry and physiology, and often their ability to maintain their body temperature. Mitochondria, as the center of energy metabolism, are crucial for maintaining body temperature, regulating metabolic rate, and preventing cellular oxidative damage. Here, we used RT-qPCR technology to investigate the expression patterns and their differences for the 13 mitochondrial PCGs in Sphenomorphus incognitus (Squamata:Scincidae), also known as the brown forest skink, under extreme temperature stress at 4 °C, 8 °C, 34 °C, and 38 °C for 24 h, compared to the control group at 25 °C. In southern China, for lizards, 4 °C is close to lethal, and 8 °C induces hibernation, while 34/38 °C is considered hot and environmentally realistic. Results showed that at a low temperature of 4 °C for 24 h, transcript levels of ATP8, ND1, ND4, COI, and ND4L significantly decreased, to values of 0.52 ± 0.08, 0.65 ± 0.04, 0.68 ± 0.10, 0.28 ± 0.02, and 0.35 ± 0.02, respectively, compared with controls. By contrast, transcript levels of COIII exhibited a significant increase, with a mean value of 1.86 ± 0.21. However, exposure to 8 °C for 24 h did not lead to an increase in transcript levels. Indeed, transcript levels of ATP6, ATP8, ND1, ND3, and ND4 were significantly downregulated, to 0.48 ± 0.11, 0.68 ± 0.07, 0.41 ± 0.08, 0.54 ± 0.10, and 0.52 ± 0.07, respectively, as compared with controls. Exposure to a hot environment of 34 °C for 24 h led to an increase in transcript levels of COI, COII, COIII, ND3, ND5, CYTB, and ATP6, with values that were 3.3 ± 0.24, 2.0 ± 0.2, 2.70 ± 1.06, 1.57 ± 0,08, 1.47 ± 0.13, 1.39 ± 0.56, and 1.86 ± 0.12, respectively, over controls. By contrast, ND4L exhibited a significant decrease (to 0.31 ± 0.01) compared with controls. When exposed to 38 °C, the transcript levels of the 13 PCGs significantly increased, ranging from a 2.04 ± 0.23 increase in ND1 to a 6.30 ± 0.96 rise in ND6. Under two different levels of cold and heat stress, the expression patterns of mitochondrial genes in S. incognitus vary, possibly associated with different strategies employed by this species in response to low and high temperatures, allowing for rapid compensatory adjustments in mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins in response to temperature changes. Furthermore, this underscores once again the significant role of mitochondrial function in determining thermal plasticity in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemei Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Jingyi He
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Siqi Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Yuxin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6, Canada;
| | - Jiayong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Danna Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (L.Z.)
- Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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4
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Iverson ENK. Conservation Mitonuclear Replacement: Facilitated mitochondrial adaptation for a changing world. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13642. [PMID: 38468713 PMCID: PMC10925831 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most species will not be able to migrate fast enough to cope with climate change, nor evolve quickly enough with current levels of genetic variation. Exacerbating the problem are anthropogenic influences on adaptive potential, including the prevention of gene flow through habitat fragmentation and the erosion of genetic diversity in small, bottlenecked populations. Facilitated adaptation, or assisted evolution, offers a way to augment adaptive genetic variation via artificial selection, induced hybridization, or genetic engineering. One key source of genetic variation, particularly for climatic adaptation, are the core metabolic genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. These genes influence environmental tolerance to heat, drought, and hypoxia, but must interact intimately and co-evolve with a suite of important nuclear genes. These coadapted mitonuclear genes form some of the important reproductive barriers between species. Mitochondrial genomes can and do introgress between species in an adaptive manner, and they may co-introgress with nuclear genes important for maintaining mitonuclear compatibility. Managers should consider the relevance of mitonuclear genetic variability in conservation decision-making, including as a tool for facilitating adaptation. I propose a novel technique dubbed Conservation Mitonuclear Replacement (CmNR), which entails replacing the core metabolic machinery of a threatened species-the mitochondrial genome and key nuclear loci-with those from a closely related species or a divergent population, which may be better-adapted to climatic changes or carry a lower genetic load. The most feasible route to CmNR is to combine CRISPR-based nuclear genetic editing with mitochondrial replacement and assisted reproductive technologies. This method preserves much of an organism's phenotype and could allow populations to persist in the wild when no other suitable conservation options exist. The technique could be particularly important on mountaintops, where rising temperatures threaten an alarming number of species with almost certain extinction in the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik N. K. Iverson
- Department of Integrative BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
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5
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Shastry A, Dunham-Snary K. Metabolomics and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiometabolic disease. Life Sci 2023; 333:122137. [PMID: 37788764 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating metabolites are indicators of systemic metabolic dysfunction and can be detected through contemporary techniques in metabolomics. These metabolites are involved in numerous mitochondrial metabolic processes including glycolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid catabolism, and changes in the abundance of these metabolites is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). Epigenetic regulation and direct metabolite-protein interactions modulate metabolism, both within cells and in the circulation. Dysfunction of multiple mitochondrial components stemming from mitochondrial DNA mutations are implicated in disease pathogenesis. This review will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding: i) the interactions between metabolites found within the mitochondrial environment during CMDs, ii) various metabolites' effects on cellular and systemic function, iii) how harnessing the power of metabolomic analyses represents the next frontier of precision medicine, and iv) how these concepts integrate to expand the clinical potential for translational cardiometabolic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shastry
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberly Dunham-Snary
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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6
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Catheline SE, Kaiser E, Eliseev RA. Mitochondrial Genetics and Function as Determinants of Bone Phenotype and Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:540-551. [PMID: 37542684 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published scientific literature regarding the effects of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial genome mutations on bone phenotype and aging. RECENT FINDINGS While aging and sex steroid levels have traditionally been considered the most important risk factors for development of osteoporosis, mitochondrial function and genetics are being increasingly recognized as important determinants of bone health. Recent studies indicate that mitochondrial genome variants found in different human populations determine the risk of complex degenerative diseases. We propose that osteoporosis should be among such diseases. Studies have shown the deleterious effects of mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction on bone homeostasis. Mediators of such effects include oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition, and dysregulation of autophagy. Mitochondrial health plays an important role in bone homeostasis and aging, and understanding underlying mechanisms is critical in leveraging this relationship clinically for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Catheline
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Ethan Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, USA.
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7
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Eudailey KW, Pat B, Oh JY, Powell PC, Collawn JF, Mobley JA, Gaggar A, Lewis CT, Davies JE, Patel R, Dell'Italia LJ. Plasma Exosome Hemoglobin Released During Surgery Is Associated With Cardiac Injury in Animal Model. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:834-843. [PMID: 35398036 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with valvular heart disease require cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest. Here, we test the hypothesis that exosomal hemoglobin formed during cardiopulmonary bypass mediates acute cardiac injury in humans and in an animal model system. METHODS Plasma exosomes were collected from arterial blood at baseline and 30 minutes after aortic cross-clamp release in 20 patients with primary mitral regurgitation and 7 with aortic stenosis. These exosomes were injected into Sprague-Dawley rats and studied at multiple times up to 30 days. Tissue was examined by hematoxylin and eosin stain, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and brain natriuretic peptide. RESULTS Troponin I levels increased from 36 ± 88 ng/L to 3622 ± 3054 ng/L and correlated with exosome hemoglobin content (Spearman r = 0.7136, < .0001, n = 24). Injection of exosomes isolated 30 minutes after cross-clamp release into Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in cardiomyocyte myofibrillar loss at 3 days. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated accumulation of electron dense particles of ferritin within cardiomyocytes, in the interstitial space, and within exosomes. At 21 days after injection, there was myofibrillar and myosin breakdown, interstitial fibrosis, elevated brain natriuretic peptide, and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction measured by echocardiography/Doppler. Pericardial fluid exosomal hemoglobin content is fourfold higher than simultaneous plasma exosome hemoglobin, suggesting a cardiac source of exosomal hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS Red blood cell and cardiac-derived exosomal hemoglobin may be involved in myocardial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Eudailey
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cardiovascular Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Betty Pat
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pamela C Powell
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Clifton T Lewis
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cardiovascular Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James E Davies
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cardiovascular Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama.
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8
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Sokolova IM. Ectotherm mitochondrial economy and responses to global warming. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13950. [PMID: 36790303 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a key abiotic factor affecting ecology, biogeography, and evolution of species. Alterations of energy metabolism play an important role in adaptations and plastic responses to temperature shifts on different time scales. Mitochondrial metabolism affects cellular bioenergetics and redox balance making these organelles an important determinant of organismal performances such as growth, locomotion, or development. Here I analyze the impacts of environmental temperature on the mitochondrial functions (including oxidative phosphorylation, proton leak, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), and ATP synthesis) of ectotherms and discuss the mechanisms underlying negative shifts in the mitochondrial energy economy caused by supraoptimal temperatures. Owing to the differences in the thermal sensitivity of different mitochondrial processes, elevated temperatures (beyond the species- and population-specific optimal range) cause reallocation of the electron flux and the protonmotive force (Δp) in a way that decreases ATP synthesis efficiency, elevates the relative cost of the mitochondrial maintenance, causes excessive production of ROS and raises energy cost for antioxidant defense. These shifts in the mitochondrial energy economy might have negative consequences for the organismal fitness traits such as the thermal tolerance or growth. Correlation between the thermal sensitivity indices of the mitochondria and the whole organism indicate that these traits experience similar selective pressures but further investigations are needed to establish whether there is a cause-effect relationship between the mitochondrial failure and loss of organismal performance during temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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9
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Cheng YT, Nakagawa-Goto K, Lee KH, Shyur LF. MicroRNA-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Involved in the Anti-triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Activity of Phytosesquiterpene Lactones. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:198-214. [PMID: 35850524 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Emerging evidence suggests that modulating redox homeostasis through targeting mitochondrial functions may be a useful strategy for suppressing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) activities. However, whether there are specific microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in regulating oxidative stress-associated mitochondrial functions that can act as therapeutic targets to suppress TNBC activities remains unclear. Here, we aimed to identify the role of redox-associated miRNAs in TNBC and investigated their potential as therapeutic targets. Results: We identified oxidative stress-responsive differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) regulated by phytosesquiterpene lactone deoxyelephantopin (DET) and its novel derivative DETD-35, which are known to inhibit TNBC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, using comparative miRNA microarray analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging approaches. Mitochondrial dysfunction was identified as a major biological function regulated by a few specific DEMs. In particular, miR-4284 was identified to play a role in DET- and DETD-35-mediated ROS production, mitochondrial basal proton leak, and antiproliferation activity in TNBC cells. Moreover, DET- and DETD-35-induced mitochondrial DNA damage was observed in TNBC cells and xenograft tumors. miR-4284 was also identified to play a role in oxidative DNA damage in TNBC tumors. Innovation: We identified a novel role for miR-4284 in regulating mitochondrial basal proton leak in TNBC cells, and highlighted its significance in TNBC tumor oxidative DNA damage, and its direct correlation with TNBC patient survival. Conclusion: We used DET and DETD-35 as proof of concept to demonstrate that activities of anticancer agents can involve regulation of multiple miRNAs playing different roles in cancer progression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 198-214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto
- College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Welch DR, Foster C, Rigoutsos I. Roles of mitochondrial genetics in cancer metastasis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:1002-1018. [PMID: 35915015 PMCID: PMC9884503 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of mitochondria to cancer have been recognized for decades. However, the focus on the metabolic role of mitochondria and the diminutive size of the mitochondrial genome compared to the nuclear genome have hindered discovery of the roles of mitochondrial genetics in cancer. This review summarizes recent data demonstrating the contributions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy-number variants (CNVs), somatic mutations, and germline polymorphisms to cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. The goal is to summarize accumulating data to establish a framework for exploring the contributions of mtDNA to neoplasia and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Pathology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Christian Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Suite M81, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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11
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Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction Is Associated with Increased Levels of Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Lung Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144142. [PMID: 35887906 PMCID: PMC9322792 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD) is a life-threatening complication that limits the long-term survival of lung transplantation patients. Early diagnosis remains the basis of efficient management of CLAD, making the need for distinctive biomarkers critical. This explorative study aimed to investigate the predictive power of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) to detect CLAD. The study included 106 lung transplant recipients and analyzed 286 BAL samples for cell count, cell differentiation, and inflammatory and mitochondrial biomarkers, including mtDNA. A receiver operating curve analysis of mtDNA levels was used to assess its ability to detect CLAD. The results revealed a discriminatory pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in the BAL fluid of CLAD patients. The concentration of mtDNA increased in step with each CLAD stage, reaching its highest concentration in stage 4, and correlated significantly with decreasing FEV1. The receiver operating curve analysis of mtDNA in BAL revealed a moderate prediction of CLAD when all stages were grouped together (AUROC 0.75, p-value < 0.0001). This study has found the concentration mtDNA in BAL to be a potential predictor for the early detection of CLAD and the differentiation of different CLAD stages, independent of the underlying pathology.
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12
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Butts B, Brown JA, Denney TS, Ballinger S, Lloyd SG, Oparil S, Sanders P, Merriman TR, Gaffo A, Singh J, Kelley EE, Calhoun DA, Dell'Italia LJ. Racial Differences in XO (Xanthine Oxidase) and Mitochondrial DNA Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Resistant Hypertension. Hypertension 2022; 79:775-784. [PMID: 35164526 PMCID: PMC10652275 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported increased plasma XO (xanthine oxidase) activity in patients with resistant hypertension. Increased XO can cause mitochondrial DNA damage and promote release of fragments called mitochondrial DNA damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDNA DAMPs). Here, we report racial differences in XO activity and mtDNA DAMPs in Black and White adults with resistant hypertension. METHODS This retrospective study includes 91 resistant hypertension patients (44% Black, 47% female) with blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg on ≥4 medications and 37 normotensive controls (30% Black, 54% female) with plasma XO activity, mtDNA DAMPs, and magnetic resonance imaging of left ventricular morphology and function. RESULTS Black-resistant hypertension patients were younger (mean age 52±10 versus 59±10 years; P=0.001), with higher XO activity and left ventricular wall thickness, and worse diastolic dysfunction than White resistant hypertension patients. Urinary sodium excretion (mg/24 hour per kg) was positively related to left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r=0.527, P=0.001) and left ventricular mass (r=0.394, P=0.02) among Black but not White resistant hypertension patients. Patients with resistant hypertension had increased mtDNA DAMPs versus controls (P<0.001), with Black mtDNA DAMPS greater than Whites (P<0.001). Transmission electron microscopy of skeletal muscle biopsies in resistant hypertension patients demonstrates mitochondria cristae lysis, myofibrillar loss, large lipid droplets, and glycogen accumulation. CONCLUSIONS These data warrant a large study to examine the role of XO and mitochondrial mtDNA DAMPs in cardiac remodeling and heart failure in Black adults with resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Butts
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine (SOM) (B.B., S.G.L., S.O., P.S., D.A.C., L.J.D.)
| | - Jamelle A Brown
- Center for Free Radical Biology and Department of Pathology, UAB SOM (J.A.B., S.B.)
| | - Thomas S Denney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University (T.S.D.)
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Center for Free Radical Biology and Department of Pathology, UAB SOM (J.A.B., S.B.)
| | - Steven G Lloyd
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine (SOM) (B.B., S.G.L., S.O., P.S., D.A.C., L.J.D.)
- Birmingham Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (S.G.L., P.S., A.G., J.S., L.J.D.)
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine (SOM) (B.B., S.G.L., S.O., P.S., D.A.C., L.J.D.)
| | - Paul Sanders
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine (SOM) (B.B., S.G.L., S.O., P.S., D.A.C., L.J.D.)
- Nephrology Research and Training Center and Division of Nephrology UAB SOM (P.S.)
- Birmingham Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (S.G.L., P.S., A.G., J.S., L.J.D.)
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, UAB SOM (T.R.M., A.G., J.S.)
| | - Angelo Gaffo
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, UAB SOM (T.R.M., A.G., J.S.)
- Birmingham Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (S.G.L., P.S., A.G., J.S., L.J.D.)
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, UAB SOM (T.R.M., A.G., J.S.)
- Birmingham Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (S.G.L., P.S., A.G., J.S., L.J.D.)
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University (E.E.K.)
| | - David A Calhoun
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine (SOM) (B.B., S.G.L., S.O., P.S., D.A.C., L.J.D.)
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine (SOM) (B.B., S.G.L., S.O., P.S., D.A.C., L.J.D.)
- Birmingham Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (S.G.L., P.S., A.G., J.S., L.J.D.)
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13
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Austad SN, Ballinger S, Buford TW, Carter CS, Smith DL, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Targeting whole body metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the drug development for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:511-531. [PMID: 35256932 PMCID: PMC8897048 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is by far the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and both aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. As developing effective therapeutic interventions to treat AD is clearly in urgent need, the impact of modulating whole-body and intracellular metabolism in preclinical models and in human patients, on disease pathogenesis, have been explored. There is also an increasing awareness of differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex, microbiome, and circadian regulation. As a major part of intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been considered for AD therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes and highlights these efforts.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ADRD, AD-related dementias
- Aβ, amyloid β
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Circadian regulation
- DAMPs
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- Diabetes
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FCCP, trifluoromethoxy carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone
- FPR-1, formyl peptide receptor 1
- GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- HBP, hexoamine biosynthesis pathway
- HTRA, high temperature requirement A
- Hexokinase biosynthesis pathway
- I3A, indole-3-carboxaldehyde
- IRF-3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- LC3, microtubule associated protein light chain 3
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine-rich repeat
- MAVS, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Mdivi-1, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1
- Microbiome
- Mitochondrial DNA
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain
- Mitochondrial quality control
- NLRP3, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (NLR)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NeuN, neuronal nuclear protein
- PET, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography
- PKA, protein kinase A
- POLβ, the base-excision repair enzyme DNA polymerase β
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive species
- SAMP8, senescence-accelerated mice
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SIRT3, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-3
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- STZ, streptozotocin
- SkQ1, plastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic acid
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- TP, tricyclic pyrone
- TRF, time-restricted feeding
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS, cyclic GMP/AMP synthase
- hAPP, human amyloid precursor protein
- hPREP, human presequence protease
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- αkG, alpha-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N. Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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14
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Zhang J, Shang J, Wang F, Huo X, Sun R, Ren Z, Wang W, Yang M, Li G, Gao D, Liu R, Bai P, Wang S, Wang Y, Yan X. Decreased mitochondrial D-loop region methylation mediates an increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number in CADASIL. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:2. [PMID: 34983647 PMCID: PMC8725280 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a typical neurodegenerative disease associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Methylation of the D-loop region and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) play a critical role in the maintenance of mitochondrial function. However, the association between D-loop region methylation, mtDNAcn and CADASIL remains unclear. Methods Overall, 162 individuals were recruited, including 66 CADASIL patients and 96 age- and sex-matched controls. After extracting genomic DNA from the peripheral white blood cells, levels of D-loop methylation and mtDNAcn were assessed using MethylTarget sequencing and real-time PCR, respectively. Results We observed increased mtDNAcn and decreased D-loop methylation levels in CADASIL patients compared to the control group, regardless of gender stratification. Besides, we found a negative correlation between D-loop methylation levels and mtDNAcn. Mediation effect analysis shows that the proportion of the association between mtDNAcn and CADASIL that is mediated by D-loop methylation is 11.6% (95% CI 5.6, 22.6). After gender stratification, the proportions of such associations that are mediated by D-loop methylation in males and females were 7.2% (95% CI 2.4, 19.8) and 22.0% (95% CI 7.4, 50.1), respectively. Conclusion Decreased methylation of the D-loop region mediates increased mtDNAcn in CADASIL, which may be caused by a compensatory mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with CADASIL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01225-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Junkui Shang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xuejing Huo
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ruihua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhixia Ren
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Gai Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Pingping Bai
- Department of Health Management, Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of General Practice, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yanliang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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15
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Brain Energy Deficit as a Source of Oxidative Stress in Migraine: A Molecular Basis for Migraine Susceptibility. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1913-1932. [PMID: 33939061 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
People with migraine are prone to a brain energy deficit between attacks, through increased energy demand (hyperexcitable brain) or decreased supply (mitochondrial impairment). However, it is uncertain how this precipitates an acute attack. Here, the central role of oxidative stress is adduced. Specifically, neurons' antioxidant defenses rest ultimately on internally generated NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), whose levels are tightly coupled to energy production. Mitochondrial NADPH is produced primarily by enzymes involved in energy generation, including isocitrate dehydrogenase of the Krebs (tricarboxylic acid) cycle; and an enzyme, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT), that depends on the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to function, and that works in reverse, consuming antioxidants, when energy generation fails. In migraine aura, cortical spreading depression (CSD) causes an initial severe drop in level of NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), causing NNT to impair antioxidant defense. This is followed by functional hypoxia and a rebound in NADH, in which the electron transport chain overproduces oxidants. In migraine without aura, a similar biphasic fluctuation in NADH very likely generates oxidants in cortical regions farthest from capillaries and penetrating arterioles. Thus, the perturbations in brain energy demand and/or production seen in migraine are likely sufficient to cause oxidative stress, triggering an attack through oxidant-sensing nociceptive ion channels. Implications are discussed for the development of new classes of migraine preventives, for the current use of C57BL/6J mice (which lack NNT) in preclinical studies of migraine, for how a microembolism initiates CSD, and for how CSD can trigger a migraine.
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16
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Kalyakulina A, Iannuzzi V, Sazzini M, Garagnani P, Jalan S, Franceschi C, Ivanchenko M, Giuliani C. Investigating Mitonuclear Genetic Interactions Through Machine Learning: A Case Study on Cold Adaptation Genes in Human Populations From Different European Climate Regions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:575968. [PMID: 33262703 PMCID: PMC7686538 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.575968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold climates represent one of the major environmental challenges that anatomically modern humans faced during their dispersal out of Africa. The related adaptive traits have been achieved by modulation of thermogenesis and thermoregulation processes where nuclear (nuc) and mitochondrial (mt) genes play a major role. In human populations, mitonuclear genetic interactions are the result of both the peculiar genetic history of each human group and the different environments they have long occupied. This study aims to investigate mitonuclear genetic interactions by considering all the mitochondrial genes and 28 nuclear genes involved in brown adipose tissue metabolism, which have been previously hypothesized to be crucial for cold adaptation. For this purpose, we focused on three human populations (i.e., Finnish, British, and Central Italian people) of European ancestry from different biogeographical and climatic areas, and we used a machine learning approach to identify relevant nucDNA–mtDNA interactions that characterized each population. The obtained results are twofold: (i) at the methodological level, we demonstrated that a machine learning approach is able to detect patterns of genetic structure among human groups from different latitudes both at single genes and by considering combinations of mtDNA and nucDNA loci; (ii) at the biological level, the analysis identified population-specific nuclear genes and variants that likely play a relevant biological role in association with a mitochondrial gene (such as the “obesity gene” FTO in Finnish people). Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the evolutionary dynamics (e.g., migration, admixture, and/or local adaptation) that shaped these nucDNA–mtDNA interactions and their functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kalyakulina
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vincenzo Iannuzzi
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sazzini
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarika Jalan
- Complex Systems Laboratory, Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.,Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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The Origin of Mitochondria and their Role in the Evolution of Life and Human Health. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2020. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Reyes-Castellanos G, Masoud R, Carrier A. Mitochondrial Metabolism in PDAC: From Better Knowledge to New Targeting Strategies. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080270. [PMID: 32756381 PMCID: PMC7460249 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet bioenergetics and biosynthetic demands. The first observation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells was made a century ago (“Warburg effect” or aerobic glycolysis), leading to the classical view that cancer metabolism relies on a glycolytic phenotype. There is now accumulating evidence that most cancers also rely on mitochondria to satisfy their metabolic needs. Indeed, the current view of cancer metabolism places mitochondria as key actors in all facets of cancer progression. Importantly, mitochondrial metabolism has become a very promising target in cancer therapy, including for refractory cancers such as Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC). In particular, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an important target in cancer therapy. Other therapeutic strategies include the targeting of glutamine and fatty acids metabolism, as well as the inhibition of the TriCarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. A better knowledge of how pancreatic cancer cells regulate mitochondrial metabolism will allow the identification of metabolic vulnerabilities and thus novel and more efficient therapeutic options for the benefit of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Carrier
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-491828829; Fax: +33-491826083
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19
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Blood Levels of Free-Circulating Mitochondrial DNA in Septic Shock and Postsurgical Systemic Inflammation and Its Influence on Coagulation: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072056. [PMID: 32629885 PMCID: PMC7408641 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major surgery is regularly associated with clinical signs of systemic inflammation, which potentially affects the rapid identification of sepsis. Therefore, this secondary analysis of an observational study aims to determine whether NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be used as a potential biomarker for the discrimination between septic shock and postsurgical systemic inflammation. Overall, 80 patients were included (septic shock (n = 20), cardiac artery bypass grafting (CABG, n = 20), major abdominal surgery (MAS, n = 20), and matched controls (CTRL, n = 20)). Quantitative PCR was performed to measure ND1 mtDNA. Thromboelastography was used to analyze the coagulatory system. Free-circulating ND1 mtDNA levels were significantly higher in septic shock patients compared to patients suffering from post-surgical inflammation ({copies/µL}: CTRL: 1208 (668-2685); septic shock: 3823 (2170-7318); CABG: 1272 (417-2720); and MAS: 1356 (694-2845); CTRL vs. septic shock: p < 0.001; septic shock vs. CABG: p < 0.001; septic shock vs. MAS: p = 0.006; CABG vs. MAS: p = 0.01). ND1 mtDNA levels in CABG patients showed a strong positive correlation with fibrinogen (correlation coefficient [r]= 0.57, p < 0.001) and fibrinogen-dependent thromboelastographic assays (maximum clot firmness, EXTEM: r = 0.35, p = 0.01; INTEM: r = 0.31, p = 0.02; FIBTEM: r = 0.46, p < 0.001). In conclusion, plasma levels of free-circulating ND1 mtDNA were increased in septic shock patients and were discriminative between sepsis and surgery-induced inflammation. Furthermore, this study showed an association between ND1 mtDNA and a fibrinogen-dependent pro-coagulatory shift in cardiac surgical patients.
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