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Ghazi S, Song MA, El-Hellani A. A scoping review of the toxicity and health impact of IQOS. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-97. [PMID: 38832049 PMCID: PMC11145630 DOI: 10.18332/tid/188867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aims to summarize the current evidence on the toxicity and health impact of IQOS, taking into consideration the data source. On 1 June 2022, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using the terms: 'heated tobacco product', 'heat-not-burn', 'IQOS', and 'tobacco heating system'. The search was time-restricted to update a previous search conducted on 8 November 2021, on IQOS data from 2010-2021. The data source [independent, Philip Morris International (PMI), or other manufacturers] was retrieved from relevant sections of each publication. Publications were categorized into two general categories: 1) Toxicity assessments included in vitro, in vivo, and systems toxicology studies; and 2) The impact on human health included clinical studies assessing biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers of health effects. Generally, independent studies used classical in vitro and in vivo approaches, but PMI studies combined these with modeling of gene expression (i.e. systems toxicology). Toxicity assessment and health impact studies covered pulmonary, cardiovascular, and other systemic toxicity. PMI studies overall showed reduced toxicity and health risks of IQOS compared to cigarettes, but independent data did not always conform with this conclusion. This review highlights some discrepancies in IQOS risk assessment regarding methods, depth, and breadth of data collection, as well as conclusions based on the data source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ghazi
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States
| | - Min-Ae Song
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus OH, United States
| | - Ahmad El-Hellani
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus OH, United States
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2
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Liu Y, Cao J, Zhang J, Chen G, Luo C, Huang L. Research progress and prospect on the safety of heated tobacco products. Toxicology 2024; 505:153823. [PMID: 38705559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, Heated tobacco products (HTP) have gradually entered the market and become more and more popular with consumers because of their low risk (compared with traditional cigarette). With the increasing popularity and proportion of HTP in the international market, people pay more and more attention to the safety evaluation of HTP, but there is still a lack of systematic review of HTP safety research. In this review, the harmful components of HTP, multi-organ functional programming effects (including respiratory system, cardiovascular system, etc.), and mechanism of the effect generation (including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, etc.) were systematically reviewed, the safety effects of HTP and traditional cigarettes were compared in detail, and the shortcomings and future research directions in the field of HTP safety were discussed. In summary, this review conforms to the general trend of contemporary "tobacco and health", helps people to understand and evaluate HTP more systematically, and provides a strong theoretical support and literature basis for the tobacco industry to carry out HTP risk assessment and exposure improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - JiXue Cao
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Guang Chen
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - ChengHao Luo
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China.
| | - Long Huang
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430040, China.
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3
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Guo J, Ning Y, Pan D, Wu S, Gao X, Wang C, Guo L, Gu Y. Identification of potential hub genes and regulatory networks of smoking-related endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis using bioinformatics analysis. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:1781-1794. [PMID: 38073349 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction, the earliest stage of atherosclerosis, can be caused by smoking, but its molecular mechanism requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to use bioinformatics analysis to identify potential mechanisms involved in smoking-related atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction. METHODS The transcriptome data used for this bioinformatics analysis were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE137578 and GSE141136 datasets were used to identify common differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) in endothelial cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and tobacco. The co-DEGs were annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) databases. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to visualize their interactions and screen for hub genes. GSE120521 dataset was used to verify the expression of hub genes in unstable plaques. The miRNA expression profile GSE137580 and online databases (starBase 2.0, TargetScan 8.0 and DGIdb v4.2.0) were used to predict the related non-coding RNAs and drugs. RESULTS A total of 232 co-DEGs were identified, including 113 up-regulated genes and 119 down-regulated genes. These DEGs were primarily enriched in detrimental autophagy, cell death, transcription factors, and cytokines, and were implicated in ferroptosis, abnormal lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways. Ten hub genes were screened from the constructed PPI network, including up-regulated genes such as FOS, HMOX1, SQSTM1, PTGS2, ATF3, DDIT3, and down-regulated genes MCM4, KIF15, UHRF1, and CCL2. Importantly, HMOX1 was further up-regulated in unstable plaques (p= 0.034). Finally, a regulatory network involving lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-hub genes and drug-hub genes was established. CONCLUSION Atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction is associated with smoking-induced injury. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified potential mechanisms and provided potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julong Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yachan Ning
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dikang Pan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sensen Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixiang Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianrui Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Lembas A, Załęski A, Peller M, Mikuła T, Wiercińska-Drapało A. Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:1-14. [PMID: 37982976 PMCID: PMC10838226 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The developments in HIV treatments have increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH), a situation that makes cardiovascular disease (CVD) in that population as relevant as ever. PLWH are at increased risk of CVD, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is continually increasing. HIV infection is associated with elevated levels of multiple proinflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-1β, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, osteopontin, sCD14, hs-CRP, and D-dimer. Other currently examined mechanisms include CD4 + lymphocyte depletion, increased intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, and altered cholesterol metabolism. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to decreases in the concentrations of the majority of proinflammatory molecules, although most remain higher than in the general population. Moreover, adverse effects of ART also play an important role in increased CVD risk, especially in the era of rapid advancement of new therapeutical options. Nevertheless, it is currently believed that HIV plays a more significant role in the development of metabolic syndromes than treatment-associated factors. PLWH being more prone to develop CVD is also due to the higher prevalence of smoking and chronic coinfections with viruses such as HCV and HBV. For these reasons, it is crucial to consider HIV a possible causal factor in CVD occurrence, especially among young patients or individuals without common CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lembas
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Załęski
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Peller
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mikuła
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Wiercińska-Drapało
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Liang F, Peng C, Luo X, Wang L, Huang Y, Yin L, Yue L, Yang J, Zhao X. A single-cell atlas of immunocytes in the spleen of a mouse model of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104783. [PMID: 37944382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a disorder characterized by rare X-linked genetic immune deficiency with mutations in the Was gene, which is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. The spleen plays a major role in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. However, to date, comprehensive analyses of the spleen in wild-type (WT) and WASp-deficient (WAS-KO) mice, especially at the transcriptome level, have not been reported. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was adopted to identify various types of immune cells and investigate the mechanisms underlying immune deficiency. We identified 30 clusters and 10 major cell subtypes among 11,269 cells; these cell types included B cells, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, stem cells and erythrocytes. Moreover, we evaluated gene expression differences among cell subtypes, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and performed enrichment analyses to identify the reasons for the dysfunction in these different cell populations in WAS. Furthermore, some key genes were identified based on a comparison of the DEGs in each cell type involved in specific and nonspecific immune responses, and further analysis showed that these key genes were previously undiscovered pathology-related genes in WAS-KO mice. In summary, we present a landscape of immune cells in the spleen of WAS-KO mice based on detailed data obtained at single-cell resolution. These unprecedented data revealed the transcriptional characteristics of specific and nonspecific immune cells, and the key genes were identified, laying a foundation for future studies of WAS, especially studies into novel and underexplored mechanisms that may improve gene therapies for WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianze Luo
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le Yin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luming Yue
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Zarcone G, Lenski M, Martinez T, Talahari S, Simonin O, Garçon G, Allorge D, Nesslany F, Lo-Guidice JM, Platel A, Anthérieu S. Impact of Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products and Conventional Cigarettes on the Generation of Oxidative Stress and Genetic and Epigenetic Lesions in Human Bronchial Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:847. [PMID: 37888697 PMCID: PMC10611330 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cig) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are often used as smoking cessation aids, while the harm reduction effects of these alternatives to cigarettes are still the subject of controversial debate, in particular regarding their carcinogenic potential. The objective of this study is to compare the effects of e-cig, HTP and conventional cigarette emissions on the generation of oxidative stress and genetic and epigenetic lesions in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Our results show that HTP were less cytotoxic than conventional cigarettes while e-cig were not substantially cytotoxic in BEAS-2B cells. E-cig had no significant effect on the Nrf2 pathway, whereas HTP and cigarettes increased the binding activity of Nrf2 to antioxidant response elements and the expression of its downstream targets HMOX1 and NQO1. Concordantly, only HTP and cigarettes induced oxidative DNA damage and significantly increased DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations. Neither histone modulations nor global DNA methylation changes were found after acute exposure, regardless of the type of emissions. In conclusion, this study reveals that HTP, unlike e-cig, elicit a biological response very similar to that of cigarettes, but only after a more intensive exposure: both tobacco products induce cytotoxicity, Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress and genetic lesions in human epithelial pulmonary cells. Therefore, the health risk of HTP should not be underestimated and animal studies are required in order to determine the tumorigenic potential of these emerging products.
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Wölkart G, Kollau A, Russwurm M, Koesling D, Schrammel A, Mayer B. Varied effects of tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor suggest that nicotine does not affect endothelium-dependent relaxation and nitric oxide signaling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15833. [PMID: 37739972 PMCID: PMC10517138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic smoking causes dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells, evident as a reduction of flow-mediated dilation in smokers, but the role of nicotine is still controversial. Given the increasing use of e-cigarettes and other nicotine products, it appears essential to clarify this issue. We studied extracts from cigarette smoke (CSE) and vapor from e-cigarettes (EVE) and heated tobacco (HTE) for their effects on vascular relaxation, endothelial nitric oxide signaling, and the activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase. The average nicotine concentrations of CSE, EVE, and HTE were 164, 800, and 85 µM, respectively. At a dilution of 1:3, CSE almost entirely inhibited the relaxation of rat aortas and porcine coronary arteries to acetylcholine and bradykinin, respectively, while undiluted EVE, with a 15-fold higher nicotine concentration, had no significant effect. With about 50% inhibition at 1:2 dilution, the effect of HTE was between CSE and EVE. Neither extract affected endothelium-independent relaxation to an NO donor. At the dilutions tested, CSE was not toxic to cultured endothelial cells but, in contrast to EVE, impaired NO signaling and inhibited NO stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Our results demonstrate that nicotine does not mediate the impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation caused by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Wölkart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universität Graz, Humboldtstraße 46, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kollau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universität Graz, Humboldtstraße 46, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, MA N1-39, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, MA N1-39, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universität Graz, Humboldtstraße 46, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universität Graz, Humboldtstraße 46, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Morawietz H. Smoke on the blood stream: novel insights in cigarette smoke-induced atherosclerosis and plaque erosion. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1781-1783. [PMID: 37392427 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Klein J, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Giebe S, Brunssen C, Morawietz H. Regulation of endothelial function by cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02824-w. [PMID: 37285061 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the most important avoidable cardiovascular risk factor. It causes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and increases the risk of its severe clinical complications like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Several next-generation tobacco and nicotine products have been developed to decrease some of the deleterious effects of regular tobacco smoking. This review article summarizes recent findings about the impact of cigarette smoking and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products on endothelial dysfunction. Both cigarette smoking and next-generation tobacco products lead to impaired endothelial function. Molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction like oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide availability, inflammation, increased monocyte adhesion, and cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products are highlighted. The potential impact of short- and long-term exposure to next-generation tobacco and nicotine products on the development of endothelial dysfunction and its clinical implications for cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Klein
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sindy Giebe
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Giebe S, Brux M, Hofmann A, Lowe F, Breheny D, Morawietz H, Brunssen C. Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke versus next-generation tobacco and nicotine product extracts on inflammatory biomarkers of human monocytes. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02809-9. [PMID: 37081240 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype play a key role in adhesion and development of atherosclerotic plaques. As an alternative to smoking, next-generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGP) are now widely used. However, little is known about their pro-inflammatory effects on monocytes. We investigated cell viability, anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression in THP-1 monocytes after exposure to aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) of a heated tobacco product (HTP), an electronic cigarette (e-cig), a conventional cigarette (3R4F) and pure nicotine (nic). Treatment with 3R4F reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, whereas exposure to alternative smoking products showed no difference to control. At the highest non-lethal dose of 3R4F (20%), the following notable mRNA expression changes were observed for 3R4F, HTP, and e-cig respectively, relative to control; HMOX1 (6-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold), NQO1 (3.5-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold), CCL2 (4-fold, 3.5-fold, 2.5-fold), IL1B (4-fold, 3-fold, < 2-fold), IL8 (5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold), TNF (2-fold, 2-fold, < 2-fold) and ICAM1 was below the 2-fold threshold for all products. With respect to protein expression, IL1B (3-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold) and IL8 (3.5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold) were elevated over the 2-fold threshold, whereas CCL2, TNF, and ICAM1 were below 2-fold expression for all products. At higher doses, greater inductions were observed with all extracts; however, NGP responses were typically lower than 3R4F. In conclusion, anti-oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes were activated by all products. NGPs overall showed lower responses relative to controls than THP-1 cells exposed to 3R4F AqE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Giebe
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Brux
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frazer Lowe
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Damien Breheny
- B.A.T. (Investments) Limited, Regents Park Road, Millbrook, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Ashour O, Al-Huneidy L, Noordeen H. The implications of vaping on surgical wound healing: A systematic review. Surgery 2023; 173:1452-1462. [PMID: 36997424 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cigarette use is rapidly growing, and little is known about the postoperative complications. Cigarette smoking has been well-established to be associated with delayed wound healing and increased complications in surgical patients. Due to the intricate and harmonious nature of the wound-healing process, vaping may impair tissue regeneration, posing a risk for patients undergoing surgery. This systematic review aimed to review the evidence on the implications of vaping on wound healing. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted on October 2022 per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The following keywords were used to conduct the search: vaping, vape, e-cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, wound healing, tissue regeneration, postoperative complications, wound infection, and blood flow. RESULTS Of 5,265 screened articles, only 37 were eligible for qualitative synthesis. A total of 18 articles studied the effect of e-cigarettes on human volunteers, 14 investigated e-cigarette extract on human cell lines, and 5 used animal rat models. CONCLUSION Despite limited objective data, the recommendation is that e-cigarettes be treated as tobacco cigarettes; hence, vaping should be stopped in the perioperative period to decrease the incidence of wound healing complications. Clinical trials are required to understand the health hazards of e-cigarettes further and maximize patient safety and clinical outcomes.
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12
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Effects of shear stress on vascular endothelial functions in atherosclerosis and potential therapeutic approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114198. [PMID: 36916427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Different blood flow patterns in the arteries can alter the adaptive phenotype of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), thereby affecting the functions of ECs and are directly associated with the occurrence of lesions in the early stages of atherosclerosis (AS). Atherosclerotic plaques are commonly found at curved or bifurcated arteries, where the blood flow pattern is dominated by oscillating shear stress (OSS). OSS can induce ECs to transform into pro-inflammatory phenotypes, increase cellular inflammation, oxidative stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities and endothelial permeability, thereby promoting the progression of AS. On the other hand, the straight artery has a stable laminar shear stress (LSS), which promotes the transformation of ECs into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, improves endothelial cell function, thereby inhibits atherosclerotic progression. ECs have the ability to actively sense, integrate, and convert mechanical stimuli by shear stress into biochemical signals that further induces intracellular changes (such as the opening and closing of ion channels, activation and transcription of signaling pathways). Here we not only outline the relationship between functions of vascular ECs and different forms of fluid shear stress in AS, but also aim to provide new solutions for potential atherosclerotic therapies targeting intracellular mechanical transductions.
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Amponsah-Offeh M, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Speier S, Morawietz H. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020281. [PMID: 36829839 PMCID: PMC9952760 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, hypertension remains a serious threat to global public health. Despite the availability of many antihypertensive medications, several hypertensive individuals are resistant to standard treatments, and are unable to control their blood pressure. Regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) controlling blood pressure, activation of the immune system triggering inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and redox-sensitive signaling, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, besides standard antihypertensive medications, which lower arterial pressure, antioxidant medications were tested to improve antihypertensive treatment. We review and discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension and the potential use of antioxidants in the management of hypertension and its associated organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amponsah-Offeh
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-4586625; Fax: +49-351-4586354
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14
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Majid S, Weisbrod RM, Fetterman JL, Keith RJ, Rizvi SHM, Zhou Y, Behrooz L, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ, Hamburg NM. Pod-based e-liquids impair human vascular endothelial cell function. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280674. [PMID: 36701344 PMCID: PMC9879485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pod-based electronic (e-) cigarettes more efficiently deliver nicotine using a protonated formulation. The cardiovascular effects associated with these devices are poorly understood. We evaluated whether pod-based e-liquids and their individual components impair endothelial cell function. We isolated endothelial cells from people who are pod users (n = 10), tobacco never users (n = 7), and combustible cigarette users (n = 6). After a structured use, pod users had lower acetylcholine-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation compared with never users and was similar to levels from combustible cigarette users (overall P = 0.008, P = 0.01 pod vs never; P = 0.96 pod vs combustible cigarette). The effects of pod-based e-cigarettes and their constituents on vascular cell function were further studied in commercially available human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) incubated with flavored JUUL e-liquids or propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerol (VG) at 30:70 ratio with or without 60 mg/mL nicotine salt for 90 min. A progressive increase in cell death with JUUL e-liquid exposure was observed across 0.0001-1% dilutions; PG:VG vehicle with and without nicotine salt induced cell death. A23187-stimulated nitric oxide production was decreased with all JUUL e-liquid flavors, PG:VG and nicotine salt exposures. Aerosols generated by JUUL e-liquid heating similarly decreased stimulated nitric oxide production. Only mint flavored e-liquids increased inflammation and menthol flavored e-liquids enhanced oxidative stress in HAECs. In conclusion, pod e-liquids and their individual components appear to impair endothelial cell function. These findings indicate the potential harm of pod-based devices on endothelial cell function and thus may be relevant to cardiovascular injury in pod type e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Majid
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Weisbrod
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Syed H. M. Rizvi
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Leili Behrooz
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
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15
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Tolkmitt J, Brendel H, Zatschler B, Brose S, Brunssen C, Kopaliani I, Deussen A, Matschke K, Morawietz H. Aprotinin does not Impair Vascular Function in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:65-74. [PMID: 36599358 DOI: 10.1055/a-1984-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding is a major complication in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Antifibrinolytic agents like serine protease inhibitor aprotinin can decrease postoperative bleeding and complications of cardiac surgery. However, the effects of aprotinin on vascular function are not completely elucidated. We compared the ex vivo vascular function of left internal mammary arteries from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with and without intraoperative application of aprotinin using a Mulvany Myograph. Human internal mammary arteries were treated with aprotinin ex vivo and tested for changes in vascular function. We analyzed the impact of aprotinin on vascular function in rat aortic rings. Finally, impact of aprotinin on expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was tested in human endothelial cells. Intraoperative application of aprotinin did not impair ex vivo vascular function of internal mammary arteries of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations were not different in patients with or without aprotinin after nitric oxide synthase blockade. A maximum vasorelaxation of 94.5%±11.4vs. 96.1%±5.5% indicated a similar vascular smooth muscle function in both patient groups (n=13 each). Long-term application of aprotinin under physiological condition preserved vascular function of the rat aorta. In vitro application of increasing concentrations of aprotinin on human endothelial cells resulted in a similar expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, intraoperative and ex vivo application of aprotinin does not impair the endothelial function in human internal mammary arteries and experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Tolkmitt
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Brendel
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Zatschler
- Institute of Physiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Brose
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irakli Kopaliani
- Institute of Physiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Institute of Physiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Matschke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Klapproth E, Witt A, Klose P, Wiedemann J, Vavilthota N, Künzel SR, Kämmerer S, Günscht M, Sprott D, Lesche M, Rost F, Dahl A, Rauch E, Kattner L, Weber S, Mirtschink P, Kopaliani I, Guan K, Lorenz K, Saftig P, Wagner M, El-Armouche A. Targeting cardiomyocyte ADAM10 ectodomain shedding promotes survival early after myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7648. [PMID: 36496449 PMCID: PMC9741599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction the innate immune response is pivotal in clearing of tissue debris as well as scar formation, but exaggerated cytokine and chemokine secretion with subsequent leukocyte infiltration also leads to further tissue damage. Here, we address the value of targeting a previously unknown a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10)/CX3CL1 axis in the regulation of neutrophil recruitment early after MI. We show that myocardial ADAM10 is distinctly upregulated in myocardial biopsies from patients with ischemia-driven cardiomyopathy. Intriguingly, upon MI in mice, pharmacological ADAM10 inhibition as well as genetic cardiomycyte-specific ADAM10 deletion improves survival with markedly enhanced heart function and reduced scar size. Mechanistically, abolished ADAM10-mediated CX3CL1 ectodomain shedding leads to diminished IL-1β-dependent inflammation, reduced neutrophil bone marrow egress as well as myocardial tissue infiltration. Thus, our data shows a conceptual insight into how acute MI induces chemotactic signaling via ectodomain shedding in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Klapproth
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Witt
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Klose
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wiedemann
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikitha Vavilthota
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan R. Künzel
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Günscht
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Sprott
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Silvio Weber
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irakli Kopaliani
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.419243.90000 0004 0492 9407Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Rhythmology, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Qian Y, Wang W, Chen D, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wang X. Cigarette smoking induces the activation of RIP2/caspase-12/NF- κB axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14330. [PMID: 36353608 PMCID: PMC9639427 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for the occurrence and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) has been involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis via a positive regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor activity. Caspase-12 can bind to RIP2 and dampen mucosal immunity. However, the roles of RIP2/NF-κB and caspase-12 in OSCC induced by cigarette smoking remain unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on the RIP2/NF-κB and caspase-12 in human OSCC tissues and OSCC cell lines (HSC-3). We first observed that RIP2 mediated NF-κB activation and caspase-12 upregulation in OSCC patients with cigarette smoking and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated HSC-3 cells, respectively. Moreover, we confirmed that the downregulation of RIP2 by siRNA resulted in the reduction of caspase-12 expression and NF-κB activity in the presence of CSE treatment in vitro. In summary, our results indicated that cigarette smoking induced the activation of the RIP2/caspase-12/NF-κB axis and it played an important role in the development of OSCC. The RIP2/caspase-12/NF-κB axis could be a target for OSCC prevention and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Qian
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenmei Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Evans PC, Davidson SM, Wojta J, Bäck M, Bollini S, Brittan M, Catapano AL, Chaudhry B, Cluitmans M, Gnecchi M, Guzik TJ, Hoefer I, Madonna R, Monteiro JP, Morawietz H, Osto E, Padró T, Sluimer JC, Tocchetti CG, Van der Heiden K, Vilahur G, Waltenberger J, Weber C. From novel discovery tools and biomarkers to precision medicine-basic cardiovascular science highlights of 2021/22. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2754-2767. [PMID: 35899362 PMCID: PMC9384606 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the highlights of cardiovascular basic science published in 2021 and early 2022 on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology Council for Basic Cardiovascular Science. We begin with non-coding RNAs which have emerged as central regulators cardiovascular biology, and then discuss how technological developments in single-cell 'omics are providing new insights into cardiovascular development, inflammation, and disease. We also review recent discoveries on the biology of extracellular vesicles in driving either protective or pathogenic responses. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 recognized the importance of the molecular basis of mechanosensing and here we review breakthroughs in cardiovascular sensing of mechanical force. We also summarize discoveries in the field of atherosclerosis including the role of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, and new mechanisms of crosstalk between hyperglycaemia, lipid mediators, and inflammation. The past 12 months also witnessed major advances in the field of cardiac arrhythmia including new mechanisms of fibrillation. We also focus on inducible pluripotent stem cell technology which has demonstrated disease causality for several genetic polymorphisms in long-QT syndrome and aortic valve disease, paving the way for personalized medicine approaches. Finally, the cardiovascular community has continued to better understand COVID-19 with significant advancement in our knowledge of cardiovascular tropism, molecular markers, the mechanism of vaccine-induced thrombotic complications and new anti-viral therapies that protect the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Bill Chaudhry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthijs Cluitmans
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia Division of Cardiology, Unit of Translational Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Imo Hoefer
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Care Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124 Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João P Monteiro
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital & University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, and CIBERCV-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherland
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology (CISI), Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, and CIBERCV-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Abstract
Klinisches Problem Rauchen beeinflusst das kardiovaskuläre System des Körpers. Primär führt es entweder zu atheromatösen Plaques mit potenzieller Gefäßstenosierung oder zu aneurysmatischen Gefäßveränderungen mit potenzieller Rupturgefahr. Radiologische Standardverfahren Je nach Lokalisation ermöglicht die Sonographie eine initiale Einschätzung der Veränderungen. Eine Angiographie in Kombination mit Computertomographie (CT) oder Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ermöglicht die weiterführende Beurteilung und ggf. Therapieplanung. Ohne klinische Symptomatik wird bei Rauchern ohne sonstige Risikofaktoren oder Komorbiditäten keine bildgebende Diagnostik lediglich aufgrund des Rauchens empfohlen. Methodische Innovationen Aktuelle Leitlinien der entsprechenden Pathologien erkennen das Rauchen einstimmig als modifizierbaren Risikofaktor für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen an, weshalb stets eine Raucherentwöhnung als erster Schritt zur Prävention sekundärer Akutereignisse empfohlen wird. Bei Verdacht auf ein chronisches Koronarsyndrom erhöht das Rauchen die klinische Wahrscheinlichkeit, wodurch eher eine bildgebende Diagnostik indiziert werden sollte. Leistungsfähigkeit Obwohl das Rauchen weitreichende Folgen am gesamten kardiovaskulären System zeigt, bleibt zu klären, ob Raucher durch eine Modifikation aktueller Leitlinien zur Vorsorge und Diagnose hinsichtlich harter klinischer Endpunkte profitieren würden. Empfehlung für die Praxis Raucher sollten aufgrund des deutlich erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risikos zu einer Raucherentwöhnung beraten werden. Hinsichtlich konkreter Krankheitsbilder bedingt das Rauchen keine prinzipielle Modifikation der bildgebenden Abklärung, bei intermediärem Risiko kann aber tendenziell früher zur Bildgebung geraten werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pamminger
- Universitätsklinik für Radiologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Agnes Mayr
- Universitätsklinik für Radiologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
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20
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An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00193-X. [PMID: 35998874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of chronic disease and premature death, especially cardiovascular disease. As an emerging tobacco product, e-cigarettes have been advocated as alternatives to canonical cigarettes, and thus may be an aid to promote smoking cessation. However, recent studies indicated that e-cigarettes should not be completely harmless to the cardiovascular system. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to build up an integral perspective of cigarettes and e-cigarettes-related cardiovascular toxicity. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review adopted the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework as a pivotal tool and aimed to elucidate the association between the molecular initiating events (MIEs) induced by cigarette and e-cigarette exposure to the cardiovascular adverse outcome. Since the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been widely approved to play a critical role in cigarette smoke-related CVD and may also be involved in e-cigarette-induced toxic effects, the ROS overproduction and subsequent oxidative stress are regarded as essential parts of this framework. As far as we know, this should be the first AOP framework focusing on cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity, and we hope our work to be a guide in exploring the biomarkers and novel therapies for cardiovascular injury.
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21
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Fan Chiang Y, Lee Y, Lam F, Liao C, Chang C, Lin C. Smoking increases the risk of postoperative wound complications: A propensity score-matched cohort study. Int Wound J 2022; 20:391-402. [PMID: 35808947 PMCID: PMC9885463 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with surgical complications, including wound healing and surgical site infection. However, the association between smoking status and postoperative wound complications is not completely understood. Our objective was to investigate the effect of smoking on postoperative wound complications for major surgeries. Data were collected from the 2013 to 2018 participant use files of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. A propensity score matching procedure was used to create the balanced smoker and nonsmoker groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for postoperative wound complications, pulmonary complications, and in-hospital mortality associated with smokers. A total of 1 156 002 patients (578 001 smokers and 578 001 nonsmokers) were included in the propensity score matching analysis. Smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of postoperative wound disruption (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.56-1.75), surgical site infection (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.28-1.34), reintubation (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.40-1.54), and in-hospital mortality (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.19) compared with nonsmoking. The length of hospital stay was significantly increased in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Our analysis indicates that smoking is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection, wound disruption, and postoperative pulmonary complications. The results may drive the clinicians to encourage patients to quit smoking before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan‐Wen Lee
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Fai Lam
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Chang Liao
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chuen‐Chau Chang
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Shun Lin
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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22
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Hu W, Huang C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Jiang Y. A nomogram for predicting post-operative wound complications after open reduction and internal fixation for calcaneal fractures. Int Wound J 2022; 19:2163-2173. [PMID: 35438244 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine the risk factors for post-operative wound complications (PWCs) after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for calcaneal fracture and establish a nomogram prediction model. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of patients who suffered from calcaneal fractures and had been surgically treated for ORIF in our institution between January 2010 and January 2020. Perioperative information was obtained through the electronic medical record system, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors of PWCs, and a nomogram model was constructed to predict the risk of PWCs. The predictive performance and consistency of the model were evaluated by the Hosmer -Lemeshow (H-L) test and the calibration curve. In total, 444 patients were enrolled in our study. Multivariate analysis results showed that smoking, limb swelling, angle of incision, and CRP were independent risk factors for skin necrosis. The AUC value for skin necrosis risk was 0.982 (95%CI 0.97-0.99). The H-L test revealed that the normogram prediction model had good calibration ability (P = .957). Finally, we found a correlation between PWCs and smoking, limb swelling, angle of incision, and CRP after ORIF for calcaneal fracture patients. Our nomogram prediction model might be helpful for clinicians to identify high-risk patients, as interventions could be taken early to reduce the incidence of PWCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengbin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanshu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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23
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Zazueta C, Jimenez-Uribe AP, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Buelna-Chontal M. Genetic Variations on Redox Control in Cardiometabolic Diseases: The Role of Nrf2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030507. [PMID: 35326157 PMCID: PMC8944632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of multiple cytoprotective genes that maintain redox homeostasis and exert anti-inflammatory functions. The Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway is a paramount target of many cardioprotective strategies, because redox homeostasis is essential in cardiovascular health. Nrf2 gene variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are correlated with cardiometabolic diseases and drug responses. SNPs of Nrf2, KEAP1, and other related genes can impair the transcriptional activation or the activity of the resulting protein, exerting differential susceptibility to cardiometabolic disease progression and prevalence. Further understanding of the implications of Nrf2 polymorphisms on basic cellular processes involved in cardiometabolic diseases progression and prevalence will be helpful to establish more accurate protective strategies. This review provides insight into the association between the polymorphisms of Nrf2-related genes with cardiometabolic diseases. We also briefly describe that SNPs of Nrf2-related genes are potential modifiers of the pharmacokinetics that contribute to the inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zazueta
- Departmento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, I.Ch., Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Alexis Paulina Jimenez-Uribe
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.P.J.-U.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.P.J.-U.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Departmento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, I.Ch., Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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