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Boonpraman N, Yi SS. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1961-1966. [PMID: 38227522 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are defined by inflammation and the damage neurons undergo due to oxidative stress. A primary reactive oxygen species contributor in the central nervous system, NADPH oxidase 4, is viewed as a potential therapeutic touchstone and indicative marker for these ailments. This in-depth review brings to light distinct features of NADPH oxidase 4, responsible for generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, emphasizing its pivotal role in activating glial cells, inciting inflammation, and disturbing neuronal functions. Significantly, malfunctioning astrocytes, forming the majority in the central nervous system, play a part in advancing neurodegenerative diseases, due to their reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factor secretion. Our study reveals that aiming at NADPH oxidase 4 within astrocytes could be a viable treatment pathway to reduce oxidative damage and halt neurodegenerative processes. Adjusting NADPH oxidase 4 activity might influence the neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, including myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, offering better prospects for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review sheds light on the role of NADPH oxidase 4 in neural degeneration, emphasizing its drug target potential, and paving the path for novel treatment approaches to combat these severe conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napissara Boonpraman
- BK21 four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- BK21 four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
- iConnectome, Co., Ltd., Cheonan, South Korea
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2
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Liu X, Wang FY, Chi S, Liu T, Yang HL, Zhong RJ, Li XY, Gao J. Mitochondria-targeting peptide SS-31 attenuates ferroptosis via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. Brain Res 2024; 1836:148882. [PMID: 38521160 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) andplaysanimportantrole in epileptogenesis. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway has been confirmed to be involved in ferroptosis. The mitochondria-targeting antioxidant Elamipretide (SS-31) can reduce the generation of lipid peroxidation and the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Collectively, our present study was to decipher whether SS-31 inhibits ferroptosis via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the rat epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine (PILO).Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON group), epilepsy group (EP group), SS-31 treatment group (SS group), and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) treatment group (SB group). Our results demonstrated that the rat hippocampal neurons after epilepsy were followed by accumulated iron and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, upregulated phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein (P-p38) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels, reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) content, and depleted glutathione (GSH) activity. Morphologically, mitochondrial ultrastructural damage under electron microscopy was manifested by a partial increase in outer membrane density, disappearance of mitochondrial cristae, and mitochondrial shrinkage. SS-31 and SB203580 treatment blocked the initiation and progression of ferroptosis in the hippocampus of epileptic rats via reducing the severity of epileptic seizures, reversing the expression of Gpx4, P-p38 , decreasing the levels of iron and MDA, as well as increasing the activity of GSH and Nrf2. To summarize, our findings proved that ferroptosis was coupled with the pathology of epilepsy, and SS-31 can inhibit PILO-induced seizures by preventing ferroptosis, which may be connected to the inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, highlighting the potential therapeutic value for targeting ferroptosis process in individuals with seizure-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Fei-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hai-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ru-Jie Zhong
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Tiwari P, Mueed S, Abdulkareem AO, Hanif K. Activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hypertension. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024:103953. [PMID: 39013481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-induced brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation and neuroinflammation are hallmark neuropathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies from our lab have shown that inhibition of ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis (by AT1R blockers or ACE inhibitors) reduced neuroinflammation and accompanied neurodegeneration via up-regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Apart from this conventional axis, another axis of RAS also exists i.e., ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis, reported as an anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory. However, the role of this axis has not been explored in hypertension-induced glial activation and hippocampal neurogenesis in rat models of hypertension. Hence, in the present study, we examined the effect of ACE2 activator, Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) at 2 different doses of 10 mg/kg (non-antihypertensive) and 15 mg/kg (antihypertensive dose) in renovascular hypertensive rats to explore whether their effect on glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis is either influenced by blood-pressure. The results of our study revealed that hypertension induced significant glial activation (astrocyte and microglial), neuroinflammation, and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. However, ACE2 activation by DIZE, even at the low dose prevented these hypertension-induced changes in the brain. Mechanistically, ACE2 activation inhibited Ang II levels, TRAF6-NFκB mediated inflammatory signaling, NOX4-mediated ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR signaling. Moreover, DIZE-induced activation of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis upregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis during the hypertensive state. Therefore, our study demonstrates that ACE2 activation can effectively prevent glial activation and enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in hypertensive conditions, regardless of its blood pressure-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumbul Mueed
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Adam Olaitan Abdulkareem
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Qiu R, Cai Y, Su Y, Fan K, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Emerging insights into Lipocalin-2: Unraveling its role in Parkinson's Disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116947. [PMID: 38901198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, marked by a complex pathogenesis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) emerges as a crucial factor during the progression of PD. Belonging to the lipocalin family, LCN2 is integral to several biological functions, including glial cell activation, iron homeostasis regulation, immune response, inflammatory reactions, and oxidative stress mitigation. Substantial research has highlighted marked increases in LCN2 expression within the substantia nigra (SN), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood of individuals with PD. This review focuses on the pathological roles of LCN2 in neuroinflammation, aging, neuronal damage, and iron dysregulation in PD. It aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of LCN2 in the disease and potential therapeutic targets that could inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yana Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangli Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Guo HQ, Xue R, Wan G. Identification of biomarkers associated with ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy based on WGCNA and machine learning. Front Genet 2024; 15:1376771. [PMID: 38863444 PMCID: PMC11165058 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1376771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic progressive eye disease that affects millions of diabetic patients worldwide, and ferroptosis may contribute to the underlying mechanisms of DR. The main objective of this work is to explore key genes associated with ferroptosis in DR and to determine their feasibility as diagnostic markers. Methods: WGCNA identify the most relevant signature modules in DR. Machine learning methods were used to de-screen the feature genes. ssGSEA calculated the scoring of immune cells in the DR versus control samples and compared the associations with the core genes by Spearman correlation. Results: We identified 2,897 differential genes in DR versus normal samples. WGCNA found tan module to have the highest correlation with DR patients. Finally, 20 intersecting genes were obtained from differential genes, tan module and iron death genes, which were screened by LASSO and SVM-RFE method, and together identified 6 genes as potential diagnostic markers. qPCR verified the expression and ROC curves confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of the 6 genes. In addition, our ssGSEA scoring identified these 6 core genes as closely associated with immune infiltrating cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, we analyzed for the first time the potential link of iron death in the pathogenesis of DR. This has important implications for future studies of iron death-mediated pro-inflammatory immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guangming Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Ko K, Choi S, Jo M, Kim C, Boonpraman N, Youm J, Yi SS. NOX4 and its association with myeloperoxidase and osteopontin in regulating endochondral ossification. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:25.e49. [PMID: 38910308 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Endochondral ossification plays an important role in skeletal development. Recent studies have suggested a link between increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and skeletal disorders. Moreover, previous studies have revealed that increasing the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and osteopontin (OPN) while inhibiting NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) can enhance bone growth. This investigation provides further evidence by showing a direct link between NOX4 and MPO, OPN in bone function. OBJECTIVE This study investigates NOX4, an enzyme producing hydrogen peroxide, in endochondral ossification and bone remodeling. NOX4's role in osteoblast formation and osteogenic signaling pathways is explored. METHODS Using NOX4-deficient (NOX4-/-) and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, we identify NOX4's potential mediators in bone maturation. RESULTS NOX4-/- mice displayed significant differences in bone mass and structure. Compared to the normal Control and OVX groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed NOX4-/- mice had the highest trabecular bone volume, while OVX had the lowest. Proteomic analysis revealed significantly elevated MPO and OPN levels in bone marrow-derived cells in NOX4-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased MPO, OPN, and collagen II (COLII) near the epiphyseal plate. Collagen and chondrogenesis analysis supported enhanced bone development in NOX4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results emphasize NOX4's significance in bone morphology, mesenchymal stem cell proteomics, immunohistochemistry, collagen levels, and chondrogenesis. NOX4 deficiency enhances bone development and endochondral ossification, potentially through increased MPO, OPN, and COLII expression. These findings suggest therapeutic implications for skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Ko
- BK21 Four Project, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Seohee Choi
- BK21 Four Project, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Miri Jo
- BK21 Four Project, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- BK21 Four Project, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Napissara Boonpraman
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jihyun Youm
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- BK21 Four Project, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- iConnectome Co., LTD, Cheonan 31168, Korea.
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Wang L, Niu X. Immunoregulatory Roles of Osteopontin in Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38276550 PMCID: PMC10819284 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that plays a pivotal role in the immune system. It is involved in various biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration and survival. The study of the immunomodulatory effects of OPN is of paramount importance due to its potential therapeutic applications. A comprehensive understanding of how OPN regulates the immune response could pave the way for the development of novel treatments for a multitude of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases and cancer. Therefore, in the following paper, we provide a systematic overview of OPN and its immunoregulatory roles in various diseases, laying the foundation for the development of OPN-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebei Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
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He S, Wang Q, Chen L, He YJ, Wang X, Qu S. miR-100a-5p-enriched exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance the anti-oxidant effect in a Parkinson's disease model via regulation of Nox4/ROS/Nrf2 signaling. J Transl Med 2023; 21:747. [PMID: 37875930 PMCID: PMC10594913 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been fully elucidated, and there are no effective disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of PD. Mesenchymal stem cells have been used to treat several diseases, but are not readily available. METHODS Here, we used phenotypically uniform trophoblast stage-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) from embryonic stem cells, which are capable of stable production, and their exosomes (T-MSCs-Exo) to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in dopaminergic (DA) neuron protection in PD models using experimental assays (e.g., western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining). RESULTS We assessed the levels of DA neuron injury and oxidative stress in MPTP-induced PD mice and MPP+-induced MN9D cells after treating them with T-MSCs or T-MSCs-Exo. Furthermore, T-MSCs-Exo miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-100-5p-enriched T-MSCs-Exo directly targeted the 3' UTR of NOX4, which could protect against the loss of DA neurons, maintain nigro-striatal system function, ameliorate motor deficits, and reduce oxidative stress via the Nox4-ROS-Nrf2 axis in PD models. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that miR-100-5p-enriched T-MSCs-Exo may be a promising biological agent for the treatment of PD. Schematic summary of the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective actions of T-MSCs-Exo in PD. T-MSCs Exo may inhibit the expression level of the target gene NOX4 by delivering miR-100-5p, thereby reducing ROS production and alleviating oxidative stress via the Nox4-ROS-Nrf2 axis, thus improving DA neuron damage in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzhe He
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Liankuai Chen
- ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Zhuhai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Jason He
- ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Zhuhai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Zhuhai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Cipriano A, Viviano M, Feoli A, Milite C, Sarno G, Castellano S, Sbardella G. NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11632-11655. [PMID: 37650225 PMCID: PMC10510401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification of selective NOX inhibitors is quite challenging, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. The aim of this Perspective is to furnish an updated outlook about the small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity are discussed, as well as the main biological assays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Yang H, Yao X, Liu Y, Shen X, Li M, Luo Z. Ferroptosis Nanomedicine: Clinical Challenges and Opportunities for Modulating Tumor Metabolic and Immunological Landscape. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15328-15353. [PMID: 37573530 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has captured much attention in the field of nanomedicine since it was coined in 2012. Compared with other regulated cell death modes such as apoptosis and pyroptosis, ferroptosis has many distinct features in the molecular mechanisms and cellular morphology, representing a promising strategy for treating cancers that are resistant to conventional therapeutic modalities. Moreover, recent insights collectively reveal that ferroptosis is tightly connected to the maintenance of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), suggesting the potential application of ferroptosis therapies for evoking robust antitumor immunity. From a biochemical perspective, ferroptosis is intricately regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, redox metabolism, etc., highlighting the importance to elucidate the relationship between tumor metabolism and ferroptosis for developing antitumor therapies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the current understanding of ferroptosis-inducing mechanisms and thoroughly discuss the relationship between ferroptosis and various metabolic traits of tumors, which offer promising opportunities for direct tumor inhibition through a nanointegrated approach. Extending from the complex impact of ferroptosis on TIME, we also discussed those important considerations in the development of ferroptosis-based immunotherapy, highlighting the challenges and strategies to enhance the ferroptosis-enabled immunostimulatory effects while avoiding potential side effects. We envision that the insights in this study may facilitate the development and translation of ferroptosis-based nanomedicines for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huocheng Yang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xinkun Shen
- Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325016, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
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Elksnis A, Welsh N, Wikström P, Lau J, Carlsson PO. The selective NOX4 inhibitor GLX7013159 decreases blood glucose concentrations and human beta-cell apoptotic rates in diabetic NMRI nu/nu mice transplanted with human islets. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:460-469. [PMID: 37972305 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2284637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) inhibition has been reported to mitigate diabetes-induced beta-cell dysfunction and improve survival in vitro, as well as counteract high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance in mice. We investigated the antidiabetic effects of the selective NOX4 inhibitor GLX7013159 in vivo in athymic diabetic mice transplanted with human islets over a period of 4 weeks. The GLX7013159-treated mice achieved lower blood glucose and water consumption throughout the treatment period. Furthermore, GLX7013159 treatment resulted in improved insulin and c-peptide levels, better insulin secretion capacity, as well as in greatly reduced apoptotic rates of the insulin-positive human cells, measured as colocalization of insulin and cleaved caspase-3. We conclude that the antidiabetic effects of NOX4 inhibition by GLX7013159 are observed also during a prolonged study period in vivo and are likely to be due to an improved survival and function of the human beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Elksnis
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joey Lau
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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