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Magrì B, D'Amico AG, Maugeri G, Morello G, La Cognata V, Saccone S, Federico C, Cavallaro S, D'Agata V. Neuroprotective effect of the PACAP-ADNP axis on SOD1G93A mutant motor neuron death induced by trophic factors deprivation. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102386. [PMID: 37856900 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the central nervous system. Mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) account for approximately in 20% of familial ALS cases. The pathological mechanisms underlying the toxicity induced by mutated SOD1 are still unknown. However, it has been hypothesized that oxidative stress (OS) has a crucial role in motor neuron degeneration in ALS patients. Moreover, it has been described that SOD1 mutation interferes expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a protective key modulator against OS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. The protective effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) has been demonstrated in various neurological disorders, including ALS. Some of its effects are mediated by the stimulation of an intracellular factor known as activity-dependent protein (ADNP). The role of PACAP-ADNP axis on mutated SOD1 motor neuron degeneration has not been explored, yet. The present study aimed to investigate whether PACAP prevented apoptotic cell death induced by growth factor deprivation through ADNP activation and whether the peptidergic axis can counteract the OS insult. By using an in vitro model of ALS, we demonstrated that PACAP by binding to PAC1 receptor (PAC1R) prevented motor neuron death induced by serum deprivation through induction of the ADNP expression via PKC stimulation. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated that the PACAP/ADNP axis counteracted ROS formation by inducing translocation of the Nfr2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In conclusion, our study provides new insights regarding the protective role of PACAP-ADNP in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Magrì
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
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Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP): An Overview of Its Role in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113654. [PMID: 36362439 PMCID: PMC9658893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision is one of the dominant senses in humans and eye health is essential to ensure a good quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to identify effective therapeutic candidates to reverse the progression of different ocular pathologies. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a protein involved in the physio-pathological processes of the eye. Noteworthy, is the small peptide derived from ADNP, known as NAP, which shows protective, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. Herein, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the role of ADNP in ocular pathologies, while providing an overview of eye anatomy.
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3
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Solés-Tarrés I, Cabezas-Llobet N, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Alberch J, Vaudry D, Xifró X. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Protects Striatal Cells and Improves Motor Function in Huntington’s Disease Models: Role of PAC1 Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797541. [PMID: 35153755 PMCID: PMC8832515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expression of mutant huntingtin (mHtt). One of the main features of HD is the degeneration of the striatum that leads to motor discoordination. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that acts through three receptors named PAC1R, VPAC1R, and VPAC2R. In the present study, we first investigated the effect of PACAP on STHdhQ7/Q7 and STHdhQ111/Q111 cells that express wild-type Htt with 7 and mHtt with 111 glutamines, respectively. Then we explored the capacity of PACAP to rescue motor symptoms in the R6/1, a murine model of HD. We found that PACAP treatment (10–7 M) for 24 h protects STHdhQ111/Q111 cells from mHtt-induced apoptosis. This effect is associated with an increase in PAC1R transcription, phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, and an increase of intracellular c-fos, egr1, CBP, and BDNF protein content. Moreover, the use of pharmacological inhibitors revealed that activation of ERK and Akt mediates these antiapoptotic and neurotrophic effects of PACAP. To find out PAC1R implication, we treated STHdh cells with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which exhibits equal affinity for VPAC1R and VPAC2R, but lower affinity for PAC1R, in contrast to PACAP which has same affinity for the three receptors. VIP reduced cleaved caspase-3 protein level, without promoting the expression of c-fos, egr1, CBP, and the neurotrophin BDNF. We next measured the protein level of PACAP receptors in the striatum and cortex of R6/1 mice. We observed a specific reduction of PAC1R at the onset of motor symptoms. Importantly, the intranasal administration of PACAP to R6/1 animals restored the motor function and increased the striatal levels of PAC1R, CBP, and BDNF. In conclusion, PACAP exerts antiapoptotic and neurotrophic effects in striatal neurons mainly through PAC1R. This effect in HD striatum allows the recovery of motor function and point out PAC1R as a therapeutic target for treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Solés-Tarrés
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Cabezas-Llobet
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Xavier Xifró,
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4
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Gozes I, Shazman S. STOP Codon Mutations at Sites of Natural Caspase Cleavage Are Implicated in Autism and Alzheimer's Disease: The Case of ADNP. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:867442. [PMID: 35399934 PMCID: PMC8983810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.867442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Illana Gozes,
| | - Shula Shazman
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel
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5
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Ciranna L, Reglodi D, Chow BK, Vaudry D. Editorial: Novel Therapeutic Potential for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Related Peptides in Cognition Deficits. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:748970. [PMID: 34588958 PMCID: PMC8473805 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.748970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ciranna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Billy K Chow
- The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - David Vaudry
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, Rouen, France
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Ponomareva OY, Ressler KJ. Genomic factors underlying sex differences in trauma-related disorders. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100330. [PMID: 33997155 PMCID: PMC8102626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating illness with treatment that is effective in only approximately half of the population. This limited rate of response highlights the necessity for research into underlying individual biological mechanisms that mediate development and progression of this disease, allowing for identification of patient-specific treatments. PTSD has clear sex differences in both risk and symptom patterns. Thus, one approach is to characterize trauma-related changes between men and women who exhibit differences in treatment efficacy and response to trauma. Recent technological advances in sequencing have identified several genomic loci and transcriptional changes that are associated with post-trauma symptomatology. However, although the diagnosis of PTSD is more prevalent in women, the genetic factors underlying sex differences remain poorly understood. Here, we review recent work that highlights current understanding and limitations in the field of sex differences in PTSD and related symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y Ponomareva
- Neuropsychiatry Translational Research Fellowship Program, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
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7
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Martelle SE, Cotella EM, Nawreen N, Chen C, Packard BA, Fitzgerald M, Herman JP. Prefrontal cortex PACAP signaling: organization and role in stress regulation. Stress 2021; 24:196-205. [PMID: 33726625 PMCID: PMC8025233 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1887849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an excitatory neuromodulatory peptide strongly implicated in nervous stress processing. Human polymorphism of the primary PACAP receptor (PAC1) is linked to psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prefrontal cortex PACAP signaling is associated with processing of traumatic stress and fear learning, suggesting a potential role in PTSD-related deficits. We used RNAscope to define the cellular location of PACAP and PAC1 in the infralimbic cortex (IL). Subsequent experiments used a pharmacological approach to assess the impact of IL PACAP infusion on behavioral and physiological stress response and fear memory. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally microinjected with PACAP (1 ug) or vehicle into the IL, 30 minutes prior to forced swim test (FST). Blood was sampled at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes for analysis of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. Five days after, animals were tested in a 3-day passive avoidance paradigm with subsequent testing of fear retention two weeks later. We observed that PACAP is highly expressed in putative pyramidal neurons (identified by VGlut1 expression), while PAC1 is enriched in interneurons (identified by GAD). Pretreatment with PACAP increased active coping style in the FST, despite higher levels of ACTH and corticosterone. The treatment was also sufficient to cause an increase in anxiety-like behavior in a dark/light crossover test and enhanced retention of passive avoidance. Our data suggest that IL PACAP plays a role in driving stress responses and in processing of fear memories, likely mediated by inhibition of cortical drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Martelle
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Evelin M Cotella
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nawshaba Nawreen
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carrie Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin A Packard
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maureen Fitzgerald
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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8
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Cunha-Reis D, Caulino-Rocha A, Correia-de-Sá P. VIPergic neuroprotection in epileptogenesis: challenges and opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2021; 164:105356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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D’Amico AG, Maugeri G, Musumeci G, Reglodi D, D’Agata V. PACAP and NAP: Effect of Two Functionally Related Peptides in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1525-1535. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hacohen-Kleiman G, Moaraf S, Kapitansky O, Gozes I. Sex-and Region-Dependent Expression of the Autism-Linked ADNP Correlates with Social- and Speech-Related Genes in the Canary Brain. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1671-1683. [PMID: 32926339 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) syndrome is an autistic-like disorder, instigated by mutations in ADNP. This syndrome is characterized by developmental delays, impairments in speech, motor function, abnormal hearing, and intellectual disabilities. In the Adnp-haploinsufficient mouse model, many of these impediments are evident, appearing in a sex-dependent manner. In zebra finch songbird (ZF; Taeniopygia guttata), an animal model used for song/language studies, ADNP mRNA most robust expression is observed in the cerebrum of young males, potentially corroborating with male ZF exclusive singing behavior and developed cerebral song system. Herein, we report a similar sex-dependent ADNP expression profile, with the highest expression in the cerebrum (qRT-PCR) in the brain of another songbird, the domesticated canary (Serinus canaria domestica). Additional analyses for the mRNA transcripts of the ADNP regulator, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), sister gene ADNP2, and speech-related Forkhead box protein P2 (FoxP2) revealed multiple sex and brain region-dependent positive correlations between the genes (including ADNP). Parallel transcript expression patterns for FoxP2 and VIP were observed alongside specific FoxP2 increase in males compared with females as well as VIP/ADNP2 correlations. In spatial view, a sexually independent extensive form of expression was found for ADNP in the canary cerebrum (RNA in situ hybridization). The songbird cerebral mesopallium area stood out as a potentially high-expressing ADNP tissue, further strengthening the association of ADNP with sense integration and auditory memory formation, previously implicated in mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Hacohen-Kleiman
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 43107, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Stan Moaraf
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 43107, Ra'anana, Israel
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oxana Kapitansky
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Age and Sex-Dependent ADNP Regulation of Muscle Gene Expression Is Correlated with Motor Behavior: Possible Feedback Mechanism with PACAP. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186715. [PMID: 32937737 PMCID: PMC7555576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a double-edged sword, sex-dependently regulates multiple genes and was previously associated with the control of early muscle development and aging. Here we aimed to decipher the involvement of ADNP in versatile muscle gene expression patterns in correlation with motor function throughout life. Using quantitative RT-PCR we showed that Adnp+/− heterozygous deficiency in mice resulted in aberrant gastrocnemius (GC) muscle, tongue and bladder gene expression, which was corrected by the Adnp snippet, drug candidate, NAP (CP201). A significant sexual dichotomy was discovered, coupled to muscle and age-specific gene regulation. As such, Adnp was shown to regulate myosin light chain (Myl) in the gastrocnemius (GC) muscle, the language acquisition gene forkhead box protein P2 (Foxp2) in the tongue and the pituitary-adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor PAC1 mRNA (Adcyap1r1) in the bladder, with PACAP linked to bladder function. A tight age regulation was observed, coupled to an extensive correlation to muscle function (gait analysis), placing ADNP as a muscle-regulating gene/protein.
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Solés-Tarrés I, Cabezas-Llobet N, Vaudry D, Xifró X. Protective Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Against Cognitive Decline in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:221. [PMID: 32765225 PMCID: PMC7380167 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the major symptoms in most neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson (PD), and Huntington diseases (HD), affecting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is no treatment to cure or prevent the progression of those diseases. Cognitive impairment has been related to neuronal cell death and/or synaptic plasticity alteration in important brain regions, such as the cerebral cortex, substantia nigra, striatum, and hippocampus. Therefore, compounds that can act to protect the neuronal loss and/or to reestablish the synaptic activity are needed to prevent cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are two highly related multifunctional neuropeptides widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). PACAP and VIP exert their action through two common receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, while PACAP has an additional specific receptor, PAC1. In this review article, we first presented evidence showing the therapeutic potential of PACAP and VIP to fight the cognitive decline observed in models of AD, PD, and HD. We also reviewed the main transduction pathways activated by PACAP and VIP receptors to reduce cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we identified the therapeutic targets of PACAP and VIP, and finally, we evaluated different novel synthetic PACAP and VIP analogs as promising pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Solés-Tarrés
- New Therapeutic Targets Group (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Cabezas-Llobet
- New Therapeutic Targets Group (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - David Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Sragovich S, Amram N, Yeheskel A, Gozes I. VIP/PACAP-Based Drug Development: The ADNP/NAP-Derived Mirror Peptides SKIP and D-SKIP Exhibit Distinctive in vivo and in silico Effects. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:589. [PMID: 31992971 PMCID: PMC6971164 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) was discovered and first characterized in the laboratory of Prof. Illana Gozes to be regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) toward neuroprotection. Importantly, ADNP is a master regulator of >400 genes, essential for brain formation, while its haploinsufficiency causes cognitive impairments. Recently, de novo mutations in ADNP were identified as leading to the autism-like ADNP syndrome, mimicked by the Adnp-deficient mouse model. Furthermore, novel peptide derivatives of the neuroprotective ADNP-snippet NAP (NAPVSIPQ), developed in our laboratory, include SKIP and the mirroring all D-amino acid SKIP (D-SKIP). We now extended previous evidence suggesting potential antagonistic features for D-SKIP, compared with the neuroprotective peptide SKIP, as was observed by NMR analysis and social/olfactory functional testing. Here, an impact of the Adnp genotype was observed in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test measuring cognition, coupled with improvement by SKIP, opposing the inert/exacerbating effect of D-SKIP. In the elevated plus-maze and open field tests measuring anxiety-related behaviors, contrasting effects of SKIP and D-SKIP were found, with SKIP improving/preserving the normal phenotype of the mouse, and D-SKIP causing alterations. Lastly, an in silico analysis suggested that SKIP and D-SKIP bind the microtubule end binding (EB) proteins EB1 and EB3 in different conformations, thereby indicating distinctive natures for the two peptides, potentially mediating differential in vivo effects. Altogether, our findings corroborate the notion of D-SKIP acting as an antagonist, thus distinguishing it from the neuroprotective SKIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Sragovich
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noy Amram
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Rossino MG, Dal Monte M, Casini G. Relationships Between Neurodegeneration and Vascular Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1172. [PMID: 31787868 PMCID: PMC6856056 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and constitutes a major cause of vision impairment and blindness in the world. DR has long been described exclusively as a microvascular disease of the eye. However, in recent years, a growing interest has been focused on the contribution of neuroretinal degeneration to the pathogenesis of the disease, and there are observations suggesting that neuronal death in the early phases of DR may favor the development of microvascular abnormalities, followed by the full manifestation of the disease. However, the mediators that are involved in the crosslink between neurodegeneration and vascular changes have not yet been identified. According to our hypothesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could probably be the most important connecting link between the death of retinal neurons and the occurrence of microvascular lesions. Indeed, VEGF is known to play important neuroprotective actions; therefore, in the early phases of DR, it may be released in response to neuronal suffering, and it would act as a double-edged weapon inducing both neuroprotective and vasoactive effects. If this hypothesis is correct, then any retinal stress causing neuronal damage should be accompanied by VEGF upregulation and by vascular changes. Similarly, any compound with neuroprotective properties should also induce VEGF downregulation and amelioration of the vascular lesions. In this review, we searched for a correlation between neurodegeneration and vasculopathy in animal models of retinal diseases, examining the effects of different neuroprotective substances, ranging from nutraceuticals to antioxidants to neuropeptides and others and showing that reducing neuronal suffering also prevents overexpression of VEGF and vascular complications. Taken together, the reviewed evidence highlights the crucial role played by mediators such as VEGF in the relationship between retinal neuronal damage and vascular alterations and suggests that the use of neuroprotective substances could be an efficient strategy to prevent the onset or to retard the development of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Sragovich S, Ziv Y, Vaisvaser S, Shomron N, Hendler T, Gozes I. The autism-mutated ADNP plays a key role in stress response. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:235. [PMID: 31534115 PMCID: PMC6751176 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), discovered and first characterized in our laboratory (IG), is vital for mammalian brain formation and presents one of the leading genes mutated de novo causing an autistic syndrome, namely the ADNP syndrome. Furthermore, a unique mouse model of Adnp-haploinsufficiency was developed in the laboratory (IG), with mice exhibiting cognitive and social deficiencies. ADNP is regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). In this respect, PACAP was independently identified as a sexual divergent master regulator of the stress response. Here, we sought to determine the impact of the Adnp genotype and the efficacy of PACAP pre-treatment when subjecting Adnp+/- mice to stressful conditions. Significant sex differences were observed with Adnp+/- males being more susceptible to stress in the object and social recognition tests, and the females more susceptible in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Splenic Adnp expression and plasma cortisol levels in mice were correlated with cognition (male mice) and anxiety-related behavior. These findings were further translated to humans, with observed correlations between ADNP expression and stress/cortisol content in a young men cohort. Altogether, our current results may establish ADNP as a marker of stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Sragovich
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Yarden Ziv
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Sharon Vaisvaser
- 0000 0001 0518 6922grid.413449.fFunctional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- 0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- 0000 0001 0518 6922grid.413449.fFunctional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37School of Psychological Sciences, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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16
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Neuroprotective Peptides in Retinal Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081146. [PMID: 31374938 PMCID: PMC6722704 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of many disorders, neuronal death plays a key role. It is now assumed that neurodegeneration is caused by multiple and somewhat converging/overlapping death mechanisms, and that neurons are sensitive to unique death styles. In this respect, major advances in the knowledge of different types, mechanisms, and roles of neurodegeneration are crucial to restore the neuronal functions involved in neuroprotection. Several novel concepts have emerged recently, suggesting that the modulation of the neuropeptide system may provide an entirely new set of pharmacological approaches. Neuropeptides and their receptors are expressed widely in mammalian retinas, where they exert neuromodulatory functions including the processing of visual information. In multiple models of retinal diseases, different peptidergic substances play neuroprotective actions. Herein, we describe the novel advances on the protective roles of neuropeptides in the retina. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which peptides affect neuronal death/survival and the vascular lesions commonly associated with retinal neurodegenerative pathologies. The goal is to highlight the therapeutic potential of neuropeptide systems as neuroprotectants in retinal diseases.
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17
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Abstract
The organs require oxygen and other types of nutrients (amino acids, sugars, and lipids) to function, the heart consuming large amounts of fatty acids for oxidation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation.
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18
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Gozes I. ADNP Regulates Cognition: A Multitasking Protein. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:873. [PMID: 30534048 PMCID: PMC6275198 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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19
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Abstract
Truncating de novo mutations in ADNP have been identified in patients with the Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome. However correlations between the distinct mutations and their impact on the protein have not been studied before. Here we report the effect of mutations in ADNP by examining the expression and subcellular localization of GFP-tagged mutant transcripts in transfected HEK293T cells. ADNP encloses a bipartite nuclear localization signal and we found mutations therein to stall the mutant protein within the cytoplasm. Using immunocytochemistry, we could demonstrate colocalization of wild-type ADNP with heterochromatin. We found mutations presenting a pattern based on the genetic position. For certain mutant proteins enrichment at pericentromeric heterochromatin seems partially lost. Finally, N-terminal truncated ADNP mutants are routed towards cytosolic proteasomal degradation and rescued with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Our results suggest a correlation between the position of the mutations across the protein, its stability and subcellular localization.
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20
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S-allyl cysteine improves clinical and neuropathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:557-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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21
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Gozes I. Sexual divergence in activity-dependent neuroprotective protein impacting autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:652-660. [PMID: 27870441 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Discovered in our laboratory, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) interacts with key regulatory proteins, including the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, proteins associated with RNA splicing, RNA translation, microtubule dynamics, and autophagy. ADNP regulates > 400 genes during mouse embryonic development and is essential for neural tube closure. ADNP key functions extend from mice to men, with mutations causing ADNP-related ID/autism syndrome, also known as the Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome. ADNP mRNA increases in lymphocytes derived from schizophrenia patients and in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and further increases in Alzheimer's disease patients compared with controls. Serum ADNP levels correlate with IQ. NAP (davunetide), an ADNP snippet drug candidate, protects cognition in patients suffering from amnestic MCI preceding Alzheimer's disease and significantly enhances functional daily activities in schizophrenia patients toward future development. It is important to note that ADNP is sexually regulated in the brains of birds, mice, and men and in lymphocytes of patients suffering from schizophrenia. ADNP haploinsufficiency in mice results in significantly decreased axonal transport (with male-female differences) changes in gene expression in a sex-dependent manner, including key regulatory mechanisms during brain and heart development and function and behavioral outcomes. These findings pave the path for better understanding of brain function through the prism of sex differences. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors; Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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22
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D'Amico AG, Maugeri G, Rasà DM, La Cognata V, Saccone S, Federico C, Cavallaro S, D'Agata V. NAP counteracts hyperglycemia/hypoxia induced retinal pigment epithelial barrier breakdown through modulation of HIFs and VEGF expression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1120-1128. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata G. D'Amico
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of LifeSan Raffaele Open University of RomeItaly
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | - Daniela M. Rasà
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | | | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
| | | | - Velia D'Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaItaly
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23
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Medina GN, Knudsen GM, Greninger AL, Kloc A, Díaz-San Segundo F, Rieder E, Grubman MJ, DeRisi JL, de Los Santos T. Interaction between FMDV L pro and transcription factor ADNP is required for optimal viral replication. Virology 2017; 505:12-22. [PMID: 28219017 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader protease (Lpro) inhibits host translation and transcription affecting the expression of several factors involved in innate immunity. In this study, we have identified the host transcription factor ADNP (activity dependent neuroprotective protein) as an Lpro interacting protein by mass spectrometry. We show that Lpro can bind to ADNP in vitro and in cell culture. RNAi of ADNP negatively affected virus replication and higher levels of interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated gene expression were detected. Importantly, infection with FMDV wild type but not with a virus lacking Lpro (leaderless), induced recruitment of ADNP to IFN-α promoter sites early during infection. Furthermore, we found that Lpro and ADNP are in a protein complex with the ubiquitous chromatin remodeling factor Brg-1. Our results uncover a novel role of FMDV Lpro in targeting ADNP and modulation of its transcription repressive function to decrease the expression of IFN and ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisselle N Medina
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Giselle M Knudsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna Kloc
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Fayna Díaz-San Segundo
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rieder
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Marvin J Grubman
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Teresa de Los Santos
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), North Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
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24
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Gozes I, Van Dijck A, Hacohen-Kleiman G, Grigg I, Karmon G, Giladi E, Eger M, Gabet Y, Pasmanik-Chor M, Cappuyns E, Elpeleg O, Kooy RF, Bedrosian-Sermone S. Premature primary tooth eruption in cognitive/motor-delayed ADNP-mutated children. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1043. [PMID: 28221363 PMCID: PMC5438031 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major flaw in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) management is late diagnosis. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a most frequent de novo mutated ASD-related gene. Functionally, ADNP protects nerve cells against electrical blockade. In mice, complete Adnp deficiency results in dysregulation of over 400 genes and failure to form a brain. Adnp haploinsufficiency results in cognitive and social deficiencies coupled to sex- and age-dependent deficits in the key microtubule and ion channel pathways. Here, collaborating with parents/caregivers globally, we discovered premature tooth eruption as a potential early diagnostic biomarker for ADNP mutation. The parents of 44/54 ADNP-mutated children reported an almost full erupted dentition by 1 year of age, including molars and only 10 of the children had teeth within the normal developmental time range. Looking at Adnp-deficient mice, by computed tomography, showed significantly smaller dental sacs and tooth buds at 5 days of age in the deficient mice compared to littermate controls. There was only trending at 2 days, implicating age-dependent dysregulation of teething in Adnp-deficient mice. Allen Atlas analysis showed Adnp expression in the jaw area. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and gene array analysis of human ADNP-mutated lymphoblastoids, whole-mouse embryos and mouse brains identified dysregulation of bone/nervous system-controlling genes resulting from ADNP mutation/deficiency (for example, BMP1 and BMP4). AKAP6, discovered here as a major gene regulated by ADNP, also links cognition and bone maintenance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that early primary (deciduous) teething is related to the ADNP syndrome, providing for early/simple diagnosis and paving the path to early intervention/specialized treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gozes
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Einstein Street, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel. E-mail:
| | - A Van Dijck
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G Hacohen-Kleiman
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Grigg
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Karmon
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Giladi
- The Lily and Avraham Gildor Chair for the Investigation of Growth Factors, The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Eger
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Gabet
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Pasmanik-Chor
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,The Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Cappuyns
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - O Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R F Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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25
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are characterized by neuronal death in the brain. The mechanism of the neuronal death is too complicated to be fully understood, although in many NDDs, aging and neurotoxins are known risk factors. In the central and peripheral nervous system, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a 28-amino acid neuropeptide, is released to support neuronal survival in both physiological and pathological condition. VIP can inhibit the neurodegeneration induced by the loss of neurons. The indirect protection effect is mainly mediated by glial cells through the production of neurotrophic factor(s) and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators. By remolding the structure and improving the transfer efficiency of VIP, its nerve protective function could be further improved. Its neuroprotective action and efficacy in inhibiting a broad range of inflammatory responses make VIP or related peptides becoming a novel therapeutic method to NDDs. In this review, we aim to summarize the relationship between VIP and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiu Deng
- a National Glycoengineering Research Center , Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Lan Jin
- a National Glycoengineering Research Center , Shandong University , Jinan , China
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26
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Egri P, Fekete C, Dénes Á, Reglődi D, Hashimoto H, Fülöp BD, Gereben B. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Regulates the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) Axis via Type 2 Deiodinase in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2356-66. [PMID: 27046436 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic activation of thyroid hormones by type 2 deiodinase (D2), catalyzing the conversion of thyroxine to T3, is critical for the proper function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Regulation of D2 expression in tanycytes alters the activity of the HPT axis. However, signals that regulate D2 expression in tanycytes are poorly understood. The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) increases intracellular cAMP level, a second messenger known to stimulate the DIO2 gene; however, its importance in tanycytes is not completely characterized. Therefore, we tested whether this ubiquitously expressed neuropeptide regulates the HPT axis through stimulation of D2 in tanycytes. PACAP increased the activity of human DIO2 promoter in luciferase reporter assay that was abolished by mutation of cAMP-response element. Furthermore, PAC1R receptor immunoreactivity was identified in hypothalamic tanycytes, suggesting that these D2-expressing cells could be regulated by PACAP. Intracerebroventricular PACAP administration resulted in increased D2 activity in the mediobasal hypothalamus, suppressed Trh expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and decreased Tshb expression in the pituitary demonstrating that PACAP affects the D2-mediated control of the HPT axis. To understand the role of endogenous PACAP in the regulation of HPT axis, the effect of decreased PACAP expression was studied in heterozygous Adcyap1 (PACAP) knockout mice. These animals were hypothyroid that may be the consequence of altered hypothalamic T3 degradation during set-point formation of the HPT axis. In conclusion, PACAP is an endogenous regulator of the HPT axis by affecting T3-mediated negative feedback via cAMP-induced D2 expression of tanycytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Egri
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - C Fekete
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Á Dénes
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - D Reglődi
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - B D Fülöp
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology (P.E., C.F., B.G.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences (P.E.), Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary; Department of Medicine (C.F.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology (Á.D.), Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1083, Hungary; Department of Anatomy (D.R., B.D.F.), University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology (H.H.) and iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology (H.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, and Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development H.H.), United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Yelkenli İH, Ulupinar E, Korkmaz OT, Şener E, Kuş G, Filiz Z, Tunçel N. Modulation of Corpus Striatal Neurochemistry by Astrocytes and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in Parkinsonian Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:280-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hacohen Kleiman G, Barnea A, Gozes I. ADNP: A major autism mutated gene is differentially distributed (age and gender) in the songbird brain. Peptides 2015; 72:75-9. [PMID: 25895853 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ADNP is a protein necessary for brain development, important for brain plasticity, cognitive and social functioning, characteristics that are all impaired in autism and in the Adnp(+/-) mouse model, in a sex-dependent manner. ADNP was originally discovered as a protein that is secreted from glial cells in response to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). VIP is a major neuroprotective peptide in the CNS and PNS and was also associated with social recognition in rodents and aggression, pair-bonding and parental behaviors in birds. Comparative sequence alignment revealed high evolutionary conservation of ADNP in Chordata. Despite its importance in brain function, ADNP has never been studied in birds. Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) are highly social songbirds that have a sexually dichotomous anatomical brain structure, with males demonstrating a developed song system, presenting a model to study behavior and potential sexually dependent fundamental differences. Here, using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we discovered sexually dichotomous and age related differences in ADNP mRNA expression in three different regions of the song bird brain-cerebellum, cerebrum, and brain stem. Higher levels of ADNP mRNA were specifically found in young male compared to the female cerebrum, while aging caused a significant 2 and 3-fold decrease in the female and male cerebrum, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison between the three tested brain regions revealed unique sex-dependent ADNP mRNA distribution patterns, affected by aging. Future studies are aimed at deciphering the function of ADNP in birds, toward a better molecular understanding of sexual dichotomy in singing behavior in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Hacohen Kleiman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University, Raanana, Israel
| | - Anat Barnea
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University, Raanana, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Nanoparticles for Diagnostics and for Controlled and Targeted Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 98:145-68. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The master coordinator of daily schedules in mammals, located in the ventral hypothalamus, is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This relatively small population of neurons and glia generates circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior and synchronizes them to local time. Recent advances have begun to define the roles of specific cells and signals (e.g., peptides, amino acids, and purine derivatives) within this network that generate and synchronize daily rhythms. Here we focus on the best-studied signals between neurons and between glia in the mammalian circadian system with an emphasis on time-of-day pharmacology. Where possible, we highlight how commonly used drugs affect the circadian system.
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Harmar AJ, Fahrenkrug J, Gozes I, Laburthe M, May V, Pisegna JR, Vaudry D, Vaudry H, Waschek JA, Said SI. Pharmacology and functions of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: IUPHAR review 1. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:4-17. [PMID: 22289055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are members of a superfamily of structurally related peptide hormones that includes glucagon, glucagon-like peptides, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). VIP and PACAP exert their actions through three GPCRs - PAC(1) , VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) - belonging to class B (also referred to as class II, or secretin receptor-like GPCRs). This family comprises receptors for all peptides structurally related to VIP and PACAP, and also receptors for parathyroid hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor, calcitonin and related peptides. PAC(1) receptors are selective for PACAP, whereas VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) respond to both VIP and PACAP with high affinity. VIP and PACAP play diverse and important roles in the CNS, with functions in the control of circadian rhythms, learning and memory, anxiety and responses to stress and brain injury. Recent genetic studies also implicate the VPAC(2) receptor in susceptibility to schizophrenia and the PAC(1) receptor in post-traumatic stress disorder. In the periphery, VIP and PACAP play important roles in the control of immunity and inflammation, the control of pancreatic insulin secretion, the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and as co-transmitters in autonomic and sensory neurons. This article, written by members of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC-IUPHAR) subcommittee on receptors for VIP and PACAP, confirms the existing nomenclature for these receptors and reviews our current understanding of their structure, pharmacology and functions and their likely physiological roles in health and disease. More detailed information has been incorporated into newly revised pages in the IUPHAR database (http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/FamilyMenuForward?familyId=67).
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32
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Castorina A, Giunta S, Scuderi S, D'Agata V. Involvement of PACAP/ADNP signaling in the resistance to cell death in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:674-83. [PMID: 22454142 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are sarcomas able to grow under conditions of metabolic stress caused by insufficient nutrients or oxygen. Both pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) have glioprotective potential. However, whether PACAP/ADNP signaling is involved in the resistance to cell death in MPNST cells remains to be clarified. Here, we investigated the involvement of this signaling system in the survival response of MPNST cells against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-evoked death both in the presence of normal serum (NS) and in serum-starved (SS) cells. Results showed that ADNP levels increased time-dependently (6-48 h) in SS cells. Treatment with PACAP38 (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) dose-dependently increased ADNP levels in NS but not in SS cells. PAC(1)/VPAC receptor antagonists completely suppressed PACAP-stimulated ADNP increase and partially reduced ADNP expression in SS cells. NS-cultured cells exposed to H(2)O(2) showed significantly reduced cell viability (~50 %), increased p53 and caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation, without affecting ADNP expression. Serum starvation significantly reduced H(2)O(2)-induced detrimental effects in MPNST cells, which were not further ameliorated by PACAP38. Altogether, these finding provide evidence for the involvement of an endogenous PACAP-mediated ADNP signaling system that increases MPNST cell resistance to H(2)O(2)-induced death upon serum starvation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Culture Media, Serum-Free/pharmacology
- DNA Replication
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hydrogen Peroxide/toxicity
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/pathology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/pharmacology
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/physiology
- Rats
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/physiology
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Castorina
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Gozes I. Neuropeptide GPCRs in neuroendocrinology: the case of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:134. [PMID: 23162535 PMCID: PMC3499767 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nishimoto M, Miyakawa H, Wada K, Furuta A. Activation of the VIP/VPAC2 system induces reactive astrocytosis associated with increased expression of glutamate transporters. Brain Res 2011; 1383:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gozes I. VIP–PACAP 2010: My Own Perspective on Modulation of Cognitive and Emotional Behavior. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 42:261-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Differential regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the dentate gyrus and hippocampus via the NO-cGMP pathway following kainic acid-induced seizure in the rat. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 42:359-69. [PMID: 20369387 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that kainic acid (KA) increases nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) production in the rat dentate gyrus (DG) and hippocampus (CA3), and NOS inhibition [(by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME)] modulates the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-responsive gene, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein, and alters neuro- and astrogliogenesis (Cosgrave et al. in Neurobiol Dis 30(3):281-292 2008, J Mol Neurosci 39(1-2):9-21, 2009, 2010). In the present study, using the same model we demonstrate that VIP synthesis is differentially regulated by the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the DG and CA3 at 3 h and 3 days post-KA. At 3 h post-KA: In L-NAME+KA/7-nitroindazole (7-NI)+KA, stratum granulosum (SG) and subgranular zone (SGZ) cells were intensely stained for VIP when compared with L-NAME/7-NI/KA alone. Soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, blocks cGMP production), suppressed astrocytic activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein) but other cell types were VIP(+); however, ODQ+KA suppressed overall VIP synthesis in the DG. At 3 days post-KA: In L-NAME+KA/7-NI+KA, SGZ and SG cells continued to express VIP, while in the KA alone, only SGZ cells were VIP(+). ODQ increased VIP(+) cells in the SG, and in contrast to 3 h, VIP-containing nNOS(+) cells increased in ODQ+KA when compared to vehicle+KA. In the hippocampus, 7-NI/ODQ had no effect on VIP at 3 h/3 days, while L-NAME+KA at 3 days increased VIP(+) cells, but reduced VIP-like immunoreactivity in astrocytes. These results suggest that the NO-cGMP pathway differentially regulates VIP in the DG and hippocampus during seizure.
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37
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Braitch M, Kawabe K, Nyirenda M, Gilles LJ, Robins RA, Gran B, Murphy S, Showe L, Constantinescu CS. Expression of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein in the immune system: possible functions and relevance to multiple sclerosis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2010; 17:120-5. [PMID: 19923857 PMCID: PMC3701887 DOI: 10.1159/000258695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activity-dependent neuroprotector (ADNP) is a neuroprotective molecule containing an 8-amino acid peptide, NAPVSIPQ (NAP), that is sufficient for its neuroprotective effects. OBJECTIVE To assess the expression of ADNP in the human immune system in normal subjects and multiple sclerosis patients. MaterialsandMethods: ADNP expression was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using staining with anti-ADNP (NAP) antibodies and markers for T cells, B cells, monocytes and natural killer cells. ADNP mRNA was determined in peripheral blood from MS patients (n = 24) and matched controls (n = 21). Expression of activation markers CD69 and CD154 and of IFN-gamma was assessed by flow cytometry in stimulated PBMCs. Effects of NAP on immune cell proliferation was assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation. RESULTS Monocytes, B cells and T cells, but not regulatory (CD4+CD25+) T cells expressed ADNP. NAP peptide decreased the expression of CD69, CD154 and IFN-gamma in PBMC and caused suppressed anti-CD3-/anti-CD28-stimulated PBMC proliferation. ADNP mRNA was reduced in MS compared to control peripheral blood. CONCLUSION ADNP is expressed in many immune system cells. ADNP mRNA is reduced in PBMCs in MS. The peptide NAP, which plays an important role in neuroprotection, has potential immunomodulatory properties.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoprotection/genetics
- Cytoprotection/immunology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immune System/immunology
- Immune System/metabolism
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neuroimmunomodulation/physiology
- Oligopeptides/genetics
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjit Braitch
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Clinical Sciences, UK
| | - Kiyokazu Kawabe
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Clinical Sciences, UK
| | | | | | - R. Adrian Robins
- Division of Immunology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruno Gran
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Clinical Sciences, UK
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - Louise Showe
- SystemsBiology Division, Genomics Core, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
| | - Cris S. Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Clinical Sciences, UK
- *Prof. Cris S. Constantinescu, Division of Clinical Neurology, Medical School, B Floor, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2UH (UK), Tel. +44 115 875 4597, Fax +44 115 970 9738, E-Mail
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38
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Vaudry D, Falluel-Morel A, Bourgault S, Basille M, Burel D, Wurtz O, Fournier A, Chow BKC, Hashimoto H, Galas L, Vaudry H. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery. Pharmacol Rev 2009; 61:283-357. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 829] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Koshimizu H, Senatorov V, Loh YP, Gozes I. Neuroprotective protein and carboxypeptidase E. J Mol Neurosci 2009; 39:1-8. [PMID: 19165633 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the neuroprotective activities and structural specificities of two distinct proteins, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein, a protein assigned transcription factor/chromatin remodeling activity, and carboxypeptidase E, a classic exopeptidase. Future studies will elucidate how these two versatile proteins converge onto a similar endpoint: neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatsugu Koshimizu
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Program on Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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40
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VIP, from gene to behavior and back: summarizing my 25 years of research. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 36:115-24. [PMID: 18607776 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an interesting example of a 28-amino acid neuropeptide that is abundantly expressed in discrete brain regions/neurons and hence may contribute to brain function. This short review summarizes my own point of view and encompasses 25 years of work and over 100 publications targeting the understanding of VIP production and biological activity. The review starts with our original cloning of the VIP gene, it then continues to discoveries of regulation of VIP synthesis and the establishment of the first VIP transgenic mice. The review ends with the identification of novel VIP analogs that helped decipher VIP's important role during development, in regulation of the biological clock(s) and diurnal rhythms, sexual activity, learning and memory as well as social behavior, and cancer. This review cites only articles that I have coauthored and gives my own perspective of this exciting ever-growing field.
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Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that was first isolated from an ovine hypothalamus in 1989. Since its discovery, more than 2,000 papers have reported on the tissue and cellular distribution and functional significance of PACAP. A number of papers have reported that PACAP but not the vasoactive intestinal peptide suppressed neuronal cell death or decreased infarct volume after global and focal ischemia in rodents, even if PACAP was administered several hours after ischemia induction. In addition, recent studies using PACAP gene-deficient mice demonstrated that endogenous PACAP also contributes greatly to neuroprotection similarly to exogenously administered PACAP. The studies suggest that neuroprotection by PACAP might extend the therapeutic time window for treatment of ischemia-related conditions, such as stroke. This review summarizes the effects of PACAP on ischemic neuronal cell death, and the mechanism clarified in vivo ischemic studies. In addition, the prospective mechanism of PACAP on ischemic neuroprotection from in vitro neuronal and neuronal-like cell cultures with injured stress model is reviewed. Finally, the development of PACAP and/or receptor agonists for human therapy is discussed.
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42
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Mandel S, Spivak-Pohis I, Gozes I. ADNP differential nucleus/cytoplasm localization in neurons suggests multiple roles in neuronal differentiation and maintenance. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 35:127-41. [PMID: 18286385 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-007-9013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Complete deficiency in activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) results in neural tube closure defects and death at gestation day 9 in mice. ADNP-deficient embryos exhibit dramatic increases in gene transcripts associated with lipid metabolism coupled to reduction in organogenesis/neurogenesis-related transcripts. In the pluripotent teratocarcinoma cell line P19, ADNP was shown to interact with specific chromatin regions in the neurodifferentiated state, which was associated with binding to the heterochromatin protein 1 alpha. In this study, using P19 cells as a differentiation model, we showed that ADNP expression and cytoplasm/nucleus distribution is unique in neuronal-differentiated cells compared to cardiovascular and nondifferentiated pluripotent cells. ADNP-like immunohistochemical localization to the neuronal cytoplasm and neurites was shown in this study not only in the cellular model but also in the brain cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb. Small hairpin RNA ADNP downregulation was used to further investigate ADNP involvement in p19 neurodifferentiation. An approximately 80% robust reduction in ADNP led to a substantial reduction in embryoid body formation and a significant reduction (approximately 50%) in neurite numbers. These results position ADNP in direct association with neuronal cell differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Mandel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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43
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Hill JM, Hauser JM, Sheppard LM, Abebe D, Spivak-Pohis I, Kushnir M, Deitch I, Gozes I. Blockage of VIP during mouse embryogenesis modifies adult behavior and results in permanent changes in brain chemistry. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 31:183-200. [PMID: 17726225 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:31:03:185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) regulates growth and development during the early postimplantation period of mouse embryogenesis. Blockage of VIP with a VIP antagonist during this period results in growth restriction, microcephaly, and developmental delays. Similar treatment of neonatal rodents also causes developmental delays and impaired diurnal rhythms, and the adult brains of these animals exhibit neuronal dystrophy and increased VIP binding. These data suggest that blockage of VIP during the development of the nervous system can result in permanent changes to the brain. In the current study, pregnant mice were treated with a VIP antagonist during embryonic days 8 through 10. The adult male offspring were examined in tests of novelty, paired activity, and social recognition. Brain tissue was examined for several measures of chemistry and gene expression of VIP and related compounds. Glial cells from the cortex of treated newborn mice were plated with neurons and examined for VIP binding and their ability to enhance neuronal survival. Treated adult male mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior and deficits in social behavior. Brain tissue exhibited regionally specific changes in VIP chemistry and a trend toward increased gene expression of VIP and related compounds that reached statistical significance in the VIP receptor, VPAC-1, in the female cortex. When compared to control astrocytes, astrocytes from treated cerebral cortex produced further increases in neuronal survival with excess synaptic connections and reduced VIP binding. In conclusion, impaired VIP activity during mouse embryogenesis resulted in permanent changes to both adult brain chemistry/cell biology and behavior with aspects of autism-like social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Hill
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 21029, USA
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Nakamachi T, Ohtaki H, Yofu S, Dohi K, Watanabe J, Hayashi D, Matsuno R, Nonaka N, Itabashi K, Shioda S. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 receptor (PAC1R) co-localizes with activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) in the mouse brains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 145:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Regulates Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP) Expression In Vivo. J Mol Neurosci 2007; 33:278-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-007-9003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Masmoudi-Kouki O, Gandolfo P, Castel H, Leprince J, Fournier A, Dejda A, Vaudry H, Tonon MC. Role of PACAP and VIP in astroglial functions. Peptides 2007; 28:1753-60. [PMID: 17655978 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes represent at least 50% of the volume of the human brain. Besides their roles in various supportive functions, astrocytes are involved in the regulation of stem cell proliferation, synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. Astrocytes also influence neuronal physiology by responding to neurotransmitters and neuropeptides and by releasing regulatory factors termed gliotransmitters. In particular, astrocytes express the PACAP-specific receptor PAC1-R and the PACAP/VIP mutual receptors VPAC1-R and VPAC2-R during development and/or in the adult. There is now clear evidence that PACAP and VIP modulate a number of astrocyte activities such as proliferation, plasticity, glycogen production, and biosynthesis of neurotrophic factors and gliotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- INSERM U413, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, France
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Pascual M, Guerri C. The peptide NAP promotes neuronal growth and differentiation through extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and Akt pathways, and protects neurons co-cultured with astrocytes damaged by ethanol. J Neurochem 2007; 103:557-68. [PMID: 17623041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that glial cells are a target of ethanol toxicity during brain ontogeny, since ethanol affects glial development and impairs the release of neurotrophic factors which are important for neuronal outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a glial factor with anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective actions. We proposed that some ethanol effects on brain development and synaptic formation are, in part, mediated by the ethanol-induced impairment of the synthesis and release of ADNP by astroglial cells. We show a reduction in the ADNP mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex and astrocytes from prenatal ethanol exposed (PEE) foetuses. Furthermore, co-cultures of PEE astrocytes with control neurons cause a marked decrease in neuronal growth, differentiation and synaptic connections relative to the co-cultures with control astrocytes, effects that were reverted by the addition of NAP, the active peptide of ADNP. We further show that one mechanism by which NAP could exert its actions is the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K)/Akt pathways and the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein. These results indicate that the protective actions of NAP are mediated by triggering signalling pathways which are important in neuronal growth and differentiation contributing to the restoration of PEE-associated neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pascual
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Sahir N, Brenneman DE, Hill JM. Neonatal mice of the Down syndrome model, Ts65Dn, exhibit upregulated VIP measures and reduced responsiveness of cortical astrocytes to VIP stimulation. J Mol Neurosci 2007; 30:329-40. [PMID: 17401158 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:30:3:329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ts65Dn segmental mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) possesses a triplication of the section of chromosome 16 that is most homologous to the human chromosome 21 that is trisomic in DS. This model exhibits many of the characteristics of DS including small size, developmental delays, and a decline of cholinergic systems and cognitive function with age. Recent studies have shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) systems are upregulated in aged Ts65Dn mice and that VIP dysregulation during embryogenesis is followed by the hypotonia and developmental delays as seen in both DS and in Ts65Dn mice. Additionally, astrocytes from aged Ts65Dn brains do not respond to VIP stimulation to release survival-promoting substances. To determine if VIP dysregulation is age-related in Ts65Dn mice, the current study examined VIP and VIP receptors (VPAC-1 and VPAC-2) in postnatal day 8 Ts65Dn mice. VIP and VPAC-1 expression was significantly increased in the brains of trisomic mice compared with wild-type mice. VIP-binding sites were also significantly increased in several brain areas of young Ts65Dn mice, especially in the cortex, caudate/putamen, and hippocampus. Further, in vitro treatment of normal neurons with conditioned medium from VIP-stimulated Ts65Dn astrocytes from neonatal mice did not enhance neuronal survival. This study indicates that VIP anomalies are present in neonatal Ts65Dn mice, a defect occurs in the signal transduction mechanism of the VPAC-1 VIP receptor, cortical astrocytes from neonatal brains are dysfunctional, and further, that VIP dysregulation may play a significant role in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sahir
- Section on Developmental and Molecular Pharmacology, NICHD/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gozes I. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein: from gene to drug candidate. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 114:146-54. [PMID: 17363064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is essential for brain formation. The gene encoding ADNP is highly conserved and abundantly expressed in the brain. ADNP contains a homeobox profile and a peptide motif providing neuroprotection against a variety of cytotoxic insults. ADNP mRNA and protein expression responds to brain injury and oscillates as a function of the estrus cycle. The plastic nature of ADNP expression is correlated with brain protection and an association between neuroendocrine regulation and neuroprotection is put forth with ADNP as a focal point. Further understanding of neuroprotective molecules should pave the path to better diagnostics and therapies. In this respect, structure-activity studies have identified a short 8 amino acid peptide in ADNP/NAPVSIPQ (NAP) that provides potent neuroprotection. NAP is currently in clinical development for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- The Adams Super-Center for Brain Studies & Levi-Edersheim-Gitter fMRI Institute, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Chiba T, Nishimoto I, Aiso S, Matsuoka M. Neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02700624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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