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Mangla A, Goswami P, Sharma B, Suramya S, Jindal G, Javed M, Saifi MA, Parvez S, Nag TC, Raisuddin S. Obesity aggravates neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative effects of bisphenol A in female rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:781-794. [PMID: 38699799 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2349538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a common plasticizer, is categorized as a neurotoxic compound. Its impact on individuals exhibits sex-linked variations. Several biological and environmental factors impact the degree of toxicity. Moreover, nutritional factors have profound influence on toxicity outcome. BPA has been demonstrated to be an obesogen. However, research on the potential role of obesity as a confounding factor in BPA toxicity is lacking. We studied the neurodegenerative effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese female rats after exposure to BPA (10 mg/L via drinking water for 90 days). Four groups were taken in this study - Control, HFD, HFD + BPA and BPA. Cognitive function was evaluated through novel object recognition (NOR) test. Inflammatory changes in brain, and changes in hormonal level, lipid profile, glucose tolerance, oxidative stress, and antioxidants were also determined. HFD + BPA group rats showed a significant decline in memory function in NOR test. The cerebral cortex (CC) of the brain showed increased neurodegenerative changes as measured by microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) accompanied by histopathological confirmation. The increased level of neuroinflammation was demonstrated by microglial activation (Iba-1) and protein expression of nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-КB) in the brain. Obesity also caused significant (p < 0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation accompanied by reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and decrease in reduced-glutathione (p < 0.05) when compared to non-obese rats with BPA treatment. Overall, study revealed that obesity serves as a risk factor in the toxicity of BPA which may exacerbate the progression of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mangla
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Goswami
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhaskar Sharma
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Suramya Suramya
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mehjbeen Javed
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Anas Saifi
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Zhang Y, Luo C, Huang P, Chen L, Ma Y, Ding H. Effects of chronic exposure to a high fat diet, nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) axes of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03427-6. [PMID: 38743096 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet-related factors are of great significance in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to a high fat diet (HFD), fructose or sucralose on the endocrine functions. METHODS Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received a normal chow diet, HFD, 10% fructose or 0.02% sucralose for 10 weeks. Behavioral changes were assessed by open field (OFT) and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests at week 8. H&E staining was used to observe pathological changes in adrenal cortex, testis and perirenal adipose tissue. Serum hormone concentrations were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of genes along the HPA and HPG axes were determined using real-time PCR. RESULTS All types of dietary interventions increased body weight and disturbed metabolic homeostasis, with anxiogenic phenotype in behavioral tests and damage to cell morphology of adrenal cortex and testis being observed. Along the HPA axis, significantly increased corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were observed in the HFD or 0.02% sucralose group. For HPG axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and estradiol (E2) concentrations were significantly increased in all dietary intervention groups, while decreased concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) were also detected. Moreover, transcriptional profiles of genes involved in the synthesis of hormones and corresponding hormone receptors were significantly altered. CONCLUSION Long-term consumption of HFD, fructose or sucralose manifested deleterious effects on endocrine system and resulted in the dysregulation of HPA and HPG axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Chunyun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Puxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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Velazquez C, Herrero Y, Bianchi MS, Cohen DJ, Cuasnicu P, Prost K, Marinoni R, Pascuali N, Parborell F, Abramovich D. Beneficial effects of metformin on mice female fertility after a high-fat diet intake. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 575:111995. [PMID: 37364632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Female fertility is highly dependent on energy balance. High fat diet (HFD) intake entails a risk of infertility and ovulatory disorders. Considering the increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity over the last decades, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms involved in overweight-associated infertility. In this study, we evaluated the reproductive performance of female mice fed with a HFD and the effects of metformin administration on ovarian function in these mice. We hypothesized that one of the mechanisms involved in subfertility due to a HFD intake is the alteration of ovarian blood vessel formation. We found that mice fed with HFD had altered estrous cycles and steroidogenesis, increased ovarian fibrosis, fewer pups per litter and require more time to achieve pregnancy. HFD-fed mice also presented dysregulated ovarian angiogenesis and an increase in nuclear DNA damage in ovarian cells. Ovulation rates were lower in these animals, as evidenced both in natural mating and after ovulation induction with gonadotropins. Metformin ameliorated ovarian angiogenesis, improved steroidogenesis, fibrosis, and ovulation, decreased the time to pregnancy and increased litter sizes in HFD-fed mice. We conclude that ovarian angiogenesis is one of the mechanisms detrimentally affected by HFD intake. Since metformin could improve ovarian microvasculature, it may be an interesting strategy to study in women to shed light on new targets for patients with metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela Velazquez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yamila Herrero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Silvia Bianchi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Débora Juana Cohen
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Cuasnicu
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Katherine Prost
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Pedro Fiorito, sector de Endocrinología, Av. Manuel Belgrano 827, B1870 Avellaneda, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Marinoni
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pascuali
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IByME-CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADL Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Imai T, Naruse M, Machida Y, Fujii G, Mutoh M, Ochiai M, Takahashi M, Nakagama H. Feeding a High-Fat Diet for a Limited Duration Increases Cancer Incidence in a Breast Cancer Model. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:713-725. [PMID: 36263881 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2132267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High-fat intake by young Asian women impacts the risk of breast cancer. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms may be essential for disease prevention in Asia as well as globally. We aimed to examine the effects of corn oil- and animal fat-based high-fat diets (32.9 and 31.4%, respectively, of fat energy ratio as compared to 12.3% in the standard diet) on mammary carcinogenesis and alterations in gene expression and epigenetic statuses in the mammary gland during the growth stages in a rat model. An increased incidence of carcinomas was observed after the cessation of high-fat feeding. In addition, rapid tumor growth and elevations in Celsr2 expression, which may be a result of DNA hypomethylation patterns in the 3' untranslated region of the gene were noted in the animal fat group. In the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7, a marginal decrease in cell viability was observed following the knockdown of Celsr2, suggesting that the animal fat-associated risk of cancer is partly due to the deregulation of mammary cell proliferation via non-metabolic gene functions. The present results will contribute to the development of strategies for controlling the food-associated risk of breast cancer, particularly in younger age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Imai
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Animal Experimentation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mie Naruse
- Department of Animal Experimentation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Fujii
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Ochiai
- Department of Animal Experimentation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Takahashi
- Central Animal Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Han XX, Zhao FY, Gu KR, Wang GP, Zhang J, Tao R, Yuan J, Gu J, Yu JQ. Development of precocious puberty in children: Surmised medicinal plant treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Gu Q, Wang X, Xie L, Yao X, Qian L, Yu Z, Shen X. Green tea catechin EGCG could prevent obesity-related precocious puberty through NKB/NK3R signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109085. [PMID: 35691596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential regulatory pathways of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in preventing obesity-related precocious puberty. A retrospective analysis on the impact of EGCG on puberty onset in obese girls was conducted on plasma samples collected from a human randomized controlled trial. In the trial, participants consumed EGCG capsules for 12 weeks. In the animal experiment, rats were divided into four groups: normal diet control (NC) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, NC+EGCG group, and HFD+EGCG group. Blood samples were collected on postnatal days 27, 33, and 36 to detect sexual development indicators. The hypothalamic expressions of kisspeptin/Kiss1R and neurokinin B (NKB)/NK3R signaling were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. The ovary NKB protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical assays. Serum NKB level in the EGCG group was lower than the placebo group by 0.599 ng/mL [β=-0.599, 95% CI: (-1.005, -0.193)], at the end of intervention and after adjusting for confounders (clinical study). In the animal experiment, EGCG intervention could significantly delay the vaginal opening (VO) time of rats fed with HFD. On day 33, EGCG intervention could significantly reduce serum NKB, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, ovarian NKB protein expression, and endometrial thickness of HFD-fed rats, while EGCG intervention could remarkably increase mRNA and protein expression of NKB/NK3R. EGCG could prevent obesity-related precocious puberty through NKB/NK3R signaling pathway, which may provide a novel insight into the role of EGCG in preventing precocious puberty in obese girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Gu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Nutrition, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Xie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Yao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxi Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiuhua Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Kendig MD, Hasebe K, McCague R, Lee F, Leigh SJ, Arnold R, Morris MJ. Adolescent exposure to a solid high-fat, high-sugar ‘cafeteria’ diet leads to more pronounced changes in metabolic measures and gut microbiome composition than liquid sugar in female rats. Appetite 2022; 172:105973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Bo T, Wen J, Gao W, Tang L, Liu M, Wang D. Influence of HFD-induced precocious puberty on neurodevelopment in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:86. [PMID: 34530850 PMCID: PMC8447761 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precocious puberty is frequently associated with obesity, which will lead to long-term effects, especially on growth and reproduction. However, the effect of precocious puberty on children's neurodevelopment is still unknown. OBJECTIVES Here we evaluated the effect of High fat diet (HFD)-induced precocious puberty on neurodevelopment and behaviors of animals. METHODS Ovaries sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) using standard techniques. Behavioral tests included elevated plus maze (EPM), open field exploration, Y-Maze, marble burying test, and novelty- suppressed feeding. The expression of genes related to puberty and neural development was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Our results showed HFD-induced precocious puberty increased the risk-taking behavior and decreased memory of mice. The content of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP) in hypothalamus were higher in HFD group than control group. Although the recovery of normal diet will gradually restore the body fat and other physiological index of mice, the anxiety increases in adult mice, and the memory is also damaged. CONCLUSIONS These findings describe the sensitivity of mice brain to HFD-induced precocious puberty and the irrecoverability of neural damage caused by precocious puberty. Therefore, avoiding HFD in childhood is important to prevent precocious puberty and neurodevelopmental impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbei Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wenting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liqiu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Liu Z, Cong J, Liu X, Zhao H, Lai S, He S, Bao H. Dyslipidemia Is Negatively Associated With the Cumulative Live-Birth Rate in Patients Without PCOS Following IVF/ICSI. Front Physiol 2021; 12:713356. [PMID: 34483966 PMCID: PMC8414789 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.713356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of dyslipidemia on the cumulative live-birth rate (cLBR) in patients without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) cycles. Methods: A total of 1,132 patients from the Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively included. The subjects were distributed into two groups based on their lipid profiles, namely, dyslipidemia group (n = 195) and control group (n = 937). The clinical and laboratory parameters of the two groups were analyzed, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the cLBR was conducted. In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out to avoid deviation according to the body mass index (BMI). Results: Patients with dyslipidemia had significantly greater BMI and longer duration of infertility, as well as lower antral follicle count and basal follicle-stimulating hormone level compared with patients without dyslipidemia. Stratified analysis showed that dyslipidemia was associated with a significantly higher total gonadotrophin dosage required for ovarian stimulation as well as lower number of oocytes retrieved, independent of obesity. The live-birth rate in fresh cycle and cLBR were higher in the control group, although the difference between the groups was not significant (54.9% vs. 47.3%, p = 0.116; 67.6% vs. 62.1%, p = 0.138). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders showed that dyslipidemia was negatively associated with cLBR (OR, 0.702, 95% CI, 0.533-0.881, p = 0.044). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate for the first time that dyslipidemia has a deleterious impact on cLBR, independent of obesity, in non-PCOS population considered to have good prognosis. Assessment of serum lipid profiles as well as the provision of nutritional counseling is essential for increasing successful outcomes in assisted reproductive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenteng Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianxiang Cong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Huishan Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shoucui Lai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shunzhi He
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongchu Bao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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Central Ceramide Signaling Mediates Obesity-Induced Precocious Puberty. Cell Metab 2020; 32:951-966.e8. [PMID: 33080217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity, especially in girls, is frequently bound to earlier puberty, which is linked to higher disease burden later in life. The mechanisms underlying this association remain elusive. Here we show that brain ceramides participate in the control of female puberty and contribute to its alteration in early-onset obesity in rats. Postnatal overweight caused earlier puberty and increased hypothalamic ceramide content, while pharmacological activation of ceramide synthesis mimicked the pubertal advancement caused by obesity, specifically in females. Conversely, central blockade of de novo ceramide synthesis delayed puberty and prevented the effects of the puberty-activating signal, kisspeptin. This phenomenon seemingly involves a circuit encompassing the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ovarian sympathetic innervation. Early-onset obesity enhanced PVN expression of SPTLC1, a key enzyme for ceramide synthesis, and advanced the maturation of the ovarian noradrenergic system. In turn, obesity-induced pubertal precocity was reversed by virogenetic suppression of SPTLC1 in the PVN. Our data unveil a pathway, linking kisspeptin, PVN ceramides, and sympathetic ovarian innervation, as key for obesity-induced pubertal precocity.
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11
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Effects of short-term exposure to high-fat diet on histology of male and female gonads in rats. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151558. [PMID: 32622421 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, which reaches an epidemic, is characterized by alterations in metabolic and hormonal profiles. Moreover, uncontrolled obesity may lead to development of diabetes type 2, which accounts for about 90% of all diabetic cases. In obesity, besides changes in metabolism, numerous co-morbidities are reported, e.g. disruptions of reproductive functions. Additionally, sex differences in development of this disease occur. We hypothesized that short-term exposure to high-fat diet (HFD; containing 50% of total energy from fat) would alter histology of testes and ovaries, and thus contribute to reproductive disruptions in male and female rats. Adult rats were fed ad libitum with HFD for 6-7 weeks and its effects on histology of testes and ovaries (n = 4/sex and treatment group) were studied using hematoxylin-eosin staining followed by microscopic analysis and compared to control (laboratory chow fed) group. We have found that in male rats fed with HFD there were: 1) decrease in diameter of seminiferous tubules due to smaller luminar diameter, and no change in epithelium height; 2) decrease in number of Sertoli cells; 3) no changes in number of spermatogonia and in percentage of semen in seminiferous tubules. In female rats exposed to HFD we have seen: 1) decrease in diameters of corpora lutea; 2) decrease in diameter of ovarian follicles types 7 and 8, but no changes in their number; 3) no changes in number of early primary follicles, primary follicles, and secondary follicles. We concluded that relatively short-term exposure to HFD in rats leads to changes in histology of both testes and ovaries, thus affecting reproductive functions.
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Graham LC, Grabowska WA, Chun Y, Risacher SL, Philip VM, Saykin AJ, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Howell GR. Exercise prevents obesity-induced cognitive decline and white matter damage in mice. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 80:154-172. [PMID: 31170535 PMCID: PMC7846054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity in the western world has reached epidemic proportions, and yet the long-term effects on brain health are not well understood. To address this, we performed transcriptional profiling of brain regions from a mouse model of western diet (WD)-induced obesity. Both the cortex and hippocampus from C57BL/6J (B6) mice fed either a WD or a control diet from 2 months of age to 12 months of age (equivalent to midlife in a human population) were profiled. Gene set enrichment analyses predicted that genes involved in myelin generation, inflammation, and cerebrovascular health were differentially expressed in brains from WD-fed compared to control diet-fed mice. White matter damage and cerebrovascular decline were evident in brains from WD-fed mice using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. At the cellular level, the WD caused an increase in the numbers of oligodendrocytes and myeloid cells suggesting that a WD is perturbing myelin turnover. Encouragingly, cerebrovascular damage and white matter damage were prevented by exercising WD-fed mice despite mice still gaining a significant amount of weight. Collectively, these data show that chronic consumption of a WD in B6 mice causes obesity, neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular and white matter damage, but these potentially damaging effects can be prevented by modifiable risk factors such as exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Graham
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weronika A Grabowska
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; College of the Atlantic, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Yoona Chun
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Gareth R Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Jaimes-Hoy L, Romero F, Charli JL, Joseph-Bravo P. Sex Dimorphic Responses of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis to Maternal Separation and Palatable Diet. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:445. [PMID: 31354623 PMCID: PMC6637657 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal stress contributes to the development of obesity and has long-lasting effects on elements of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Given the importance of thyroid hormones in metabolic regulation, we studied the effects of maternal separation and a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet (HFC), offered from puberty or adulthood, on HPT axis activity of adult male and female Wistar rats. Pups were non-handled (NH) or maternally separated (MS) 3 h/day at postnatal days (Pd) 2-21. In a first experiment, at Pd60, rats had access to chow or an HFC diet (cookies, peanuts, chow) for 1 month. Male and female NH and MS rats that consumed the HFC diet increased their caloric intake, body weight, and serum insulin levels; fat weight increased in all groups except in MS males, and serum leptin concentration increased only in females. Mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) Pomc expression increased in NH-HFC females and Npy decreased in NH-HFC males. MS males showed insulinemia and hypercortisolemia that was attenuated by the HFC diet. The HPT axis activity response to an HFC diet was sex-specific; expression of MBH thyrotropin-releasing hormone-degrading ectoenzyme (Trhde) increased in NH and MS males; serum TSH concentration decreased in NH males, and T4 increased in NH females. In a second experiment, rats were fed chow or an HFC diet from Pd30 or 60 until Pd160 and exposed to 1 h restraint before sacrifice. Regardless of neonatal stress, age of diet exposition, or sex, the HFC diet increased body and fat weight and serum leptin concentration; it induced insulinemia in males, but in females only in Pd30 rats. The HFC diet's capacity to curtail the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response to restraint was impaired in MS males. In restrained rats, expression of Trh in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, Dio2 and Trhde in MBH, and serum thyroid hormone concentration were altered differently depending on sex, age of diet exposition, and neonatal stress. In conclusion, metabolic alterations associated to an HFC-diet-induced obesity are affected by sex or time of exposition, while various parameters of the HPT axis activity are additionally altered by MS, pointing to the complex interplay that these developmental influences exert on HPT axis activity in adult rats.
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Kim E, Chung MJ, Chung Y, Jun Y. The effect of diet control on puberty onset and immunoreactivity of kisspeptin and neurokinin B in female rats. Endocr J 2018; 65:1177-1185. [PMID: 30224608 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early onset puberty and irregular estrous cycles occur more frequently in rats which are fed a high-fat diet. Kisspeptin is an essential factor for the regulation of sexual maturation and is co-expressed with neurokinin B in neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. However, the effects of a diet change on kisspeptin neuronal signaling are not well-understood. Therefore, in this study, we examined the immunoreactivity pattern of the kisspeptin/kiss1-receptor (KISS1R) and neurokinin B/neurokinin3-receptor (R). Pups born to high-fat diet rats were exposed to a high-fat diet until the onset of puberty. From puberty, the offspring originally exposed to a high-fat diet were fed a normal diet up to 85 postnatal days (PND 85). We examined kisspeptin/Kiss1-receptor and neurokinin B/neurokinin3-receptor immunoreactivity (IR) in the arcuate nucleus of the pups. The onset of puberty in the high-fat group was significantly earlier than the control group. At the onset of puberty, the densities of kisspeptin and neurokinin B IR cells were significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than in the control group; however, the densities of KISS1 and neurokinin 3-receptor IR cells did not differ between the two groups. At PND 85, the density of kisspeptin and neurokinin B IR cells did not differ between control and high fat group. The density of densities of KISS1 and neurokinin 3-receptor IR cells also did not differ between groups at this stage. These data suggest that a high-fat diet can influence puberty onset and the immunoreactivity of kisspeptin and neurokinin B. These effects can be modified by dietary control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Kim
- Department of pediatrics, Chosun University Hospital, Gwang-ju, Korea
| | | | - Yoonyoung Chung
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Korea
| | - Yonghyun Jun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Korea
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15
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Ziarniak K, Kołodziejski PA, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Kallό I, Śliwowska JH. High-fat diet and type 2 diabetes induced disruption of the oestrous cycle and alteration of hormonal profiles, but did not affect subpopulations of KNDy neurones in female rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12651. [PMID: 30311288 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the primary metabolic symptoms of obesity and/or diabetes, there are numerous secondary problems, including disruptions of the reproductive system. The KNDy neurones, which express kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin A and are located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), are important regulators of reproduction. Their functions are highly influenced by metabolic and hormonal status. We have previously shown that, in male rats with experimentally-induced diabetes type 2 (but not with high-fat diet-induced obesity), there are alterations in the number of these cells. In the present study, we hypothesised that a high-fat diet (HFD) and/or diabetes type 2 (DM2) in female rats affect the oestrous cycle, hormonal profiles and the number of kisspeptin-immunoreactive, neurokinin B-immunoreactive and/or dynorphin A-immunoreactive neurones in the ARC. Rats were assigned to one of three groups: a control group fed a regular chow diet, a high-fat diet group (HFD) and a diabetic group (DM2), with both of the latter two groups receiving a high calorie diet (50% of energy from lard). The third group was additionally treated with streptozotocin to induce DM2. Their oestrous cycles was monitored and their metabolic and hormonal status were assessed. We found that HFD and DM2 female rats, despite having significant alterations in their metabolic and hormonal profiles, as well as disruptions of the oestrous cycle, showed no changes in the number of the kisspeptin-immunoreactive, neurokinin B-immunoreactive and/or dynorphin A-immunoreactive neurones in the ARC. However, slight differences in the rostrocaudal distribution of these neurones among groups were reported. In conclusion, the data from the present study, together with our previously published results in males, indicate sex differences in the response of KNDy neurones to DM2 but not to HFD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł A Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Imre Kallό
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joanna H Śliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Saedi S, Khoradmehr A, Mohammad Reza JS, Tamadon A. The role of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters on kisspeptin/kiss1r-signaling in female reproduction. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 92:71-82. [PMID: 30008384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive function is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonads (HPG) axis. Hypothalamic neurons synthesizing kisspeptin play a fundamental role in the central regulation of the timing of puberty onset and reproduction in mammals. Kisspeptin is a regulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In female rodent, the kisspeptin (encoded by kiss1 gene), neurokinin B (Tac3) and dynorphin neurons form the basis for the "KNDy neurons" in the arcuate nucleus and play a fundamental role in the regulation of GnRH/LH release. Furthermore, various factors including neurotransmitters and neuropeptides may cooperate with kisspeptin signaling to modulate GnRH function. Many neuropeptides including proopiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, and other neuropeptides, as well as neurotransmitters, dopamine, norepinephrine and γ-aminobutyric acid are suggested to control feeding and HPG axis, the underlying mechanisms are not well known. Nonetheless, to date, information about the neurochemical factors of kisspeptin neurons remains incomplete in rodent. This review is intended to provide an overview of KNDy neurons; major neuropeptides and neurotransmitters interfere in kisspeptin signaling to modulate GnRH function for regulation of puberty onset and reproduction, with a focus on the female rodent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Dudek M, Ziarniak K, Sliwowska JH. Kisspeptin and Metabolism: The Brain and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:145. [PMID: 29713310 PMCID: PMC5911457 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from the well-established role of kisspeptin (Kp) in the regulation of reproductive functions, recent data described its action in the control of metabolism. Of particular interest for the review is the population of Kp neurons localized in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, the site of the brain where reproductive and metabolic cross talk occurs. However, within the hypothalamus Kp does not work alone, but rather interacts with other neuropeptides, e.g., neurokinin B, dynorphin A, proopiomelanocortin, the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, agouti-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y. Beyond the brain, Kp is expressed in peripheral tissues involved in metabolic functions. In this review, we will mainly focus on the local action of this peptide in peripheral organs such as the pancreas, liver, and the adipose tissue. We will concentrate on dysregulation of the Kp system in cases of metabolic imbalance, e.g., obesity and diabetes. Importantly, these patients besides metabolic health problems often suffer from disruptions of the reproductive system, manifested by abnormalities in menstrual cycles, premature child birth, miscarriages in women, decreased testosterone levels and spermatogenesis in men, hypogonadism, and infertility. We will review the evidence from animal models and clinical data indicating that Kp could serve as a promising agent with clinical applications in regulation of reproductive problems in individuals with obesity and diabetes. Finally, emerging data indicate a role of Kp in regulation of insulin secretion, potentially leading to development of further therapeutic uses of this peptide to treat metabolic problems in patients with these lifestyle diseases.
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Venancio JC, Margatho LO, Rorato R, Rosales RRC, Debarba LK, Coletti R, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Elias CF, Elias LLK. Short-Term High-Fat Diet Increases Leptin Activation of CART Neurons and Advances Puberty in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3929-3942. [PMID: 28938405 PMCID: PMC5695829 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a permissive factor for puberty initiation, participating as a metabolic cue in the activation of the kisspeptin (Kiss1)-gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal circuitry; however, it has no direct effect on Kiss1 neurons. Leptin acts on hypothalamic cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neurons, participating in the regulation of energy homeostasis. We investigated the influence of a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) on the effect of leptin on puberty timing. Kiss1-hrGFP female mice received a HFD or regular diet (RD) after weaning at postnatal day (PN)21 and were studied at PN28 and PN32. The HFD increased body weight and plasma leptin concentrations and decreased the age at vaginal opening (HFD, 32 ± 0.53 days; RD, 38 ± 0.67 days). Similar colocalization of neurokinin B and dynorphin in Kiss1-hrGFP neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) was observed between the HFD and RD groups. The HFD increased CART expression in the ARC and Kiss1 messenger RNA expression in the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV)/anterior periventricular (Pe). The HFD also increased the number of ARC CART neurons expressing leptin-induced phosphorylated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) at PN32. Close apposition of CART fibers to Kiss1-hrGFP neurons was observed in the ARC of both RD- and HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, these data reinforce the notion that a HFD increases kisspeptin expression in the AVPV/Pe and advances puberty initiation. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the HFD-induced earlier puberty is associated with an increase in CART expression in the ARC. Therefore, these data indicate that CART neurons in the ARC can mediate the effect of leptin on Kiss1 neurons in early puberty induced by a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Cabestre Venancio
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Oliveira Margatho
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Kniess Debarba
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Coletti
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carol F. Elias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Lucila Leico K. Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
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Pitynski-Miller D, Ross M, Schmill M, Schambow R, Fuller T, Flynn FW, Skinner DC. A high salt diet inhibits obesity and delays puberty in the female rat. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1685-1692. [PMID: 28674441 PMCID: PMC5675756 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Processed foods are considered major contributors to the worldwide obesity epidemic. In addition to high sugar and fat contents, processed foods contain large amounts of salt. Owing to the correlations with rising adiposity, salt has recently been proposed to be obesogenic. This study investigated three hypotheses: (i) high salt contributes to weight gain and adiposity in juvenile female rats, (ii) puberty onset would be altered because salt is known to affect neuronal systems involved in activating the reproductive system, and (iii) enhanced adiposity will act synergistically with salt to drive early puberty onset. DESIGN Female weanling rats (post-natal day 21, n=105) were fed a low fat/low salt diet, low fat/high salt diet, high fat/low salt diet or a high salt/high fat diet for 24 days. Metabolic measures, including weight gain, food intake, fecal output, activity and temperature were recorded in subsets of animals. RESULTS Body weight, retroperitoneal and perirenal fat pad weight, and adipocyte size were all lower in animals fed high fat/high salt compared with animals fed high fat alone. Leptin levels were reduced in high fat/high salt fed animals compared with high fat/low salt-fed animals. Daily calorie intake was higher initially but declined with adjusted food intake and was not different among groups after 5 days. Osmolality and corticosterone were not different among groups. Fecal analysis showed excess fat excretion and a decreased digestive efficiency in animals fed high fat/low salt but not in animals fed high fat/high salt. Although respiratory exchange ratio was reduced by high dietary fat or salt, aerobic-resting metabolic rate was not affected by the diet. High salt delayed puberty onset, regardless of dietary fat content. CONCLUSIONS Salt delays puberty and prevents the obesogenic effect of a high fat diet. The reduced weight gain evident in high salt-fed animals is not due to differences in food intake or digestive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori Pitynski-Miller
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Micah Ross
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Margaret Schmill
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Rachel Schambow
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Teresa Fuller
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Francis W. Flynn
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Donal C. Skinner
- Neuroscience Program, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, 1000 E University Ave, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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Jing X, Peng Q, Hu R, Wang H, Yu X, Degen A, Zou H, Bao S, Zhao S, Wang Z. Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1269-1278. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Jing
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Rui Hu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Hongze Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of Negev; Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Huawei Zou
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
| | - Shanke Bao
- Haibei Demonstration Zone of Plateau Modern Ecological Husbandry Science and Technology; Haibei Qinghai China
| | - Suonan Zhao
- Haibei Demonstration Zone of Plateau Modern Ecological Husbandry Science and Technology; Haibei Qinghai China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
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Hussain MA, Abogresha NM, Hassan R, Tamany DA, Lotfy M. Effect of feeding a high-fat diet independently of caloric intake on reproductive function in diet-induced obese female rats. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:906-14. [PMID: 27478474 PMCID: PMC4947615 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, predisposing females to health hazards including compromised reproductive capacity. Our objective was to investigate the effect of ad libitum, isocalorically and hypocalorically restricted high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on reproductive function in diet-induced obese female rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty female albino Sprague Dawley rats were used; 5 rats were kept on a standard pellet animal diet to serve as a control group (A) and 15 rats were fed a HFD for 9 weeks to induce obesity. The HFD fed animals were equally divided into three groups: an ad libitum HFD group (B), an isocalorically restricted HFD group (C), and a hypocalorically restricted HFD group (D). Estrous cyclicity, hormonal levels, ovarian histopathology and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were evaluated. RESULTS The HFD-fed rats in groups B, C and D had significant irregularity in estrous cyclicity Vs group A (p = 0.001, 0.003 and 0.034 respectively). Groups C and D had significant reduction in serum progesterone level (p = 0.006 and 0.018 Vs A). Isocaloric restriction of HFD feeding significantly increased serum LH. Groups B and C had a significant increase in caspase-3 expression in the ovary (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ad libitum HFD interfered with the normal estrous cycle and enhanced apoptosis of luteal cells in obese female rats. The HFD restriction interfered with the normal estrous cycle and caused functional insufficiency of the corpus luteum in obese female rats. These results suggest that HFD feeding determinately affects female reproductive function independently of caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abogresha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ranya Hassan
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dalia A. Tamany
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mariam Lotfy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Castellano JM, Tena-Sempere M. Metabolic control of female puberty: potential therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:1181-93. [PMID: 27409160 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1212015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The onset of puberty in females is highly sensitive to the nutritional status and the amount of energy reserves of the organism. This metabolic information is sensed and transmitted to hypothalamic GnRH neurons, considered to be ultimately responsible for triggering puberty through the coordinated action of different peripheral hormones, central neurotransmitters, and molecular mediators. AREAS COVERED This article will review and discuss (i) the relevant actions of the adipose hormone leptin, as a stimulatory/permissive signal, and the gut hormone ghrelin, as an inhibitory factor, in the metabolic control of female puberty; (ii) the crucial role of the hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons, recently emerged as essential gatekeepers of puberty, in transmitting this metabolic information to GnRH neurons; and (iii) the potential involvement of key cellular energy sensors, such as mTOR, as molecular mediators in this setting. EXPERT OPINION The thorough characterization of the physiological roles of the above elements in the metabolic control of female puberty, along with the discovery of novel factors, pathways, and mechanisms involved, will promote our understanding of the complex networks connecting metabolism and puberty and, ultimately, will aid in the design of target-specific treatments for female pubertal disorders linked to conditions of metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Castellano
- a Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology , University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain.,b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba , Spain.,c Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia , Córdoba , Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- a Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology , University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain.,b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba , Spain.,c Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia , Córdoba , Spain.,d FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Skaznik-Wikiel ME, Swindle DC, Allshouse AA, Polotsky AJ, McManaman JL. High-Fat Diet Causes Subfertility and Compromised Ovarian Function Independent of Obesity in Mice. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:108. [PMID: 27030045 PMCID: PMC4939738 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess calorie consumption, particularly of a diet high in fat, is a risk factor for both obesity and reproductive disorders. Animal model studies indicate that elevated dietary fat can influence some reproductive functions independent of obesity. In the current study we sought to determine whether a high-fat diet (HFD) impacts ovarian function, long-term fertility, and local and systemic markers of inflammation independent of obesity. Five-week-old mice were fed either low-fat diet (control group-LF-Ln) or HFD for 10 wk and were divided based on body weight into high-fat obese (HF-Ob: >25 g) and high-fat lean (HF-Ln: <22 g). Ovaries were collected to assess ovarian follicles and to determine the degree of local inflammation. Serum proinflammatory cytokines were also measured. A group of animals was followed for breeding trials for 5 mo while being exposed to LFD or HFD. We found that both 10-wk and 32-wk exposure to HFD resulted in depleted primordial follicles regardless of obesity phenotype. Macrophage counts revealed increased tissue inflammation in the ovary independent of obesity. In addition, serum proinflammatory cytokines were increased in HF-Ln and HF-Ob in comparison to LF-Ln mice. Moreover, HFD had a sustained effect on litter production rate and number of pups per litter regardless of obese phenotype. This study describes for the first time that exposure to HFD causes significant reduction in primordial follicles, compromised fertility, produced higher proinflammatory cytokine levels, and increased ovarian macrophage infiltration, independent of obesity. The negative effects of HFD on primordial follicles may be mediated by increased tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Delaney C Swindle
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amanda A Allshouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health at the University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James L McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Relationships between leptin, KiSS-1/GPR54 expression and TSH secretion from pituitary cells of pubertal ewes in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:180-7. [PMID: 27033929 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin and leptin play a crucial role in the puberty of sheep as they initiate the activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Also hormones of thyrotropic axis are probably involved in this process. The aim of study was to analyze the impact of leptin on kisspeptin-10 secretion as well as kisspeptin-1 and G protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) mRNA expression in pituitary cells of pubertal ewes in vitro. The influence of kisspeptin on TSH secretion was also examined. Cells were cultured in McCoy's 5A medium without hormones; with 10(-10)-10(-5)M of leptin; with 10(-11)-10(-5)M of kisspeptin-10; with peptide 234 (10(-7)M, antagonist of GPR54) or 10(-11)-10(-5)M of kisspeptin-10 and peptide 234. Then, kisspeptin-10 and TSH secretion as well as KiSS-1 and GPR54 expression were analyzed. We found that leptin directly affected kisspeptin-10 secretion and kisspeptin-1/GPR54 expression in pituitary cells of pubertal ewes. Kisspeptin-10 did not change TSH secretion, except exerting a short-term influence after 2h.
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Parent AS, Franssen D, Fudvoye J, Gérard A, Bourguignon JP. Developmental variations in environmental influences including endocrine disruptors on pubertal timing and neuroendocrine control: Revision of human observations and mechanistic insight from rodents. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 38:12-36. [PMID: 25592640 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Puberty presents remarkable individual differences in timing reaching over 5 years in humans. We put emphasis on the two edges of the age distribution of pubertal signs in humans and point to an extended distribution towards earliness for initial pubertal stages and towards lateness for final pubertal stages. Such distortion of distribution is a recent phenomenon. This suggests changing environmental influences including the possible role of nutrition, stress and endocrine disruptors. Our ability to assess neuroendocrine effects and mechanisms is very limited in humans. Using the rodent as a model, we examine the impact of environmental factors on the individual variations in pubertal timing and the possible underlying mechanisms. The capacity of environmental factors to shape functioning of the neuroendocrine system is thought to be maximal during fetal and early postnatal life and possibly less important when approaching the time of onset of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Simone Parent
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Fudvoye
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Arlette Gérard
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium.
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Iwasa T, Matsuzaki T, Munkhzaya M, Tungalagsuvd A, Yamasaki M, Kuwahara A, Yasui T, Irahara M. The effects of prenatal undernutrition and postnatal high‐fat diet on hypothalamic
Kiss1
mRNA and serum leptin levels. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 42:76-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolInstitute of Health Biosciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Toshiya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolInstitute of Health Biosciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolInstitute of Health Biosciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolInstitute of Health Biosciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Mikio Yamasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolInstitute of Health Biosciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolInstitute of Health Biosciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yasui
- Department of Reproductive TechnologyInstitute of Health BiosciencesThe University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolJapan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Tokushima Graduate SchoolInstitute of Health Biosciences3‐18‐15 Kuramoto‐ChoTokushima770‐8503Japan
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Rafique N, Latif R. Serum kisspeptin levels in normal and overweight Saudi females and its relation with anthropometric indices. Ann Saudi Med 2015; 35:157-60. [PMID: 26336023 PMCID: PMC6074126 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2015.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Animal studies suggest that undernutrition and low body weight are associated with low kisspeptin expression and vice versa. This led us to hypothesize that obese and overweight individuals might have significant differences in kisspeptin levels compared with normal-weight individuals. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A prospective cohort study of 1-year duration involving young Saudi female students in the University of Dammam. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Young Saudi females studying in a Saudi university were divided into 2 groups: normal weight with a body mass index (BMI)=18.5-24.99 and overweight/obese with a BMI >=25. Serum kisspeptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in early follicular, pre-ovulatory, and luteal phases, and anthropometric parameters were recorded. RESULTS Mean serum kisspeptin levels in the overweight/obese group (follicular phase: 266.88 [45.53], pre.ovulatory phase: 477.12 [21.18], and luteal phase: 735.13 [52.59]) did not differ significantly compared with the normal-weight group (follicular phase: 259.82 [20.50], pre-ovulatory phase: 448.36 [24.58], and luteal phase 708.18 [49.47]) in any of the menstrual phase. In any of the menstrual phase, kisspeptin levels were not found to be correlated with any of the anthropometric variable in any group. CONCLUSION Serum kisspeptin levels in overweight and obese young females may not differ significantly compared with normal-weight females, and there may not be any correlation between serum kisspeptin and anthropometric indices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Latif
- Dr. Rabia Latif,, RAKA, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia, T:+966 596 212 648,
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Abstract
There is now considerable epidemiological and experimental evidence indicating that early-life environmental conditions, including nutrition, affect subsequent development in later life. These conditions induce highly integrated responses in endocrine-related homeostasis, resulting in persistent changes in the developmental trajectory producing an altered adult phenotype. Early-life events trigger processes that prepare the individual for particular circumstances that are anticipated in the postnatal environment. However, where the intrauterine and postnatal environments differ markedly, such modifications to the developmental trajectory may prove maladaptive in later life. Reproductive maturation and function are similarly influenced by early-life events. This should not be surprising, because the primordial follicle pool is established early in life and is thus vulnerable to early-life events. Results of clinical and experimental studies have indicated that early-life adversity is associated with a decline in ovarian follicular reserve, changes in ovulation rates, and altered age at onset of puberty. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating the relationship between the early-life developmental environment and postnatal reproductive development and function are unclear. This review examines the evidence linking early-life nutrition and effects on the female reproductive system, bringing together clinical observations in humans and experimental data from targeted animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Chan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - M W Tsoulis
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - D M Sloboda
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1 Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesPediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster University, 1280 Main Street West HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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Zhou Q, Chen H, Yang S, Li Y, Wang B, Chen Y, Wu X. High-fat diet decreases the expression of Kiss1 mRNA and kisspeptin in the ovary, and increases ovulatory dysfunction in postpubertal female rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:127. [PMID: 25542298 PMCID: PMC4292805 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female reproductive health is noticeably compromised by obesity. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence indicates that the expression level of ovarian Kiss1 peaks in the afternoon during prooestrus, suggesting local regulatory roles for Kiss1 in the ovulatory process. We used a diet-induced model of obesity to evaluate whether the ovarian Kiss1 system is affected by obesity, and, to investigate the association of the Kiss1 system with ovulatory disorders in female rats. METHODS Post-weaning, female, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal chow diet (NCD) until they reached postnatal day 30 (PND 30), PND 42, or PND 70. The timing of vaginal opening was recorded, and oestrous cyclicity was monitored for 2 consecutive weeks immediately post puberty and again at 8-9 weeks of age. Tissues from the left ovary were collected for determination of the levels of Kiss1 and G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) mRNA, and tissues from the right ovary were collected for assessment of the immunoreactivity (IR) of the corresponding protein products, kisspeptin and GPR54. RESULTS The high-fat diet resulted in a significantly higher body weight and an earlier puberty onset. Oestrous cyclicity was disrupted by the HFD with significant reductions in the expression of ovulation-related genes. A marked suppression of ovarian Kiss1 mRNA levels was observed during prooestrus and oestrus at PND 42, and, during prooestrus, oestrus, and metoestrus at PND 70 in the HFD rats compared with the NCD controls. In the HFD group, the immunoreactivity of kisspeptin was significantly lower in theca cells from antral follicles during prooestrus and oestrus at PND 42, and, during prooestrus, oestrus at PND 70. At the prooestrus stage, in the HFD group the immunoreactivity of kisspeptin was also lower in the theca cells of preovulatory follicles at both PND 42 and PND 70. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of female rats to an post-weaning, high-fat diet has long-term deleterious effects on ovulation, that may involve down-regulation of ovarian Kiss1 mRNA and kisspeptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Simeng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Binqiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
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Li XF, Hu MH, Li SY, Geach C, Hikima A, Rose S, Greenwood MP, Greenwood M, Murphy D, Poston L, Lightman SL, O'Byrne KT. Overexpression of corticotropin releasing factor in the central nucleus of the amygdala advances puberty and disrupts reproductive cycles in female rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3934-44. [PMID: 25051447 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to environmental stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and generally disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Because CRF expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a key modulator in adaptation to chronic stress, and central administration of CRF inhibits the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator, we tested the hypothesis that overexpression of CRF in the CeA of female rats alters anxiety behavior, dysregulates the HPA axis response to stress, changes pubertal timing, and disrupts reproduction. We used a lentiviral vector to increase CRF expression site specifically in the CeA of preweaning (postnatal day 12) female rats. Overexpression of CRF in the CeA increased anxiety-like behavior in peripubertal rats shown by a reduction in time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and a decrease in social interaction. Paradoxically, puberty onset was advanced but followed by irregular estrous cyclicity and an absence of spontaneous preovulatory LH surges associated with proestrous vaginal cytology in rats overexpressing CRF. Despite the absence of change in basal corticosterone secretion or induced by stress (lipopolysaccharide or restraint), overexpression of CRF in the CeA significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide, but not restraint, stress-induced suppression of pulsatile LH secretion in postpubertal ovariectomized rats, indicating a differential stress responsivity of the GnRH pulse generator to immunological stress and a potential adaptation of the HPA axis to chronic activation of amygdaloid CRF. These data suggest that the expression profile of this key limbic brain CRF system might contribute to the complex neural mechanisms underlying the increasing incidence of early onset of puberty on the one hand and infertility on the other attributed to chronic stress in modern human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Li
- Division of Women's Health (X.F.L., M.H.H., S.Y.L., C.G., L.P., K.T.O.) and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group (A.H., S.R.), School of Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (M.P.G., M.G., D.M., S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
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Guan S, Guo L, Zhang T, Zhu B, Wang X, Zhang C. Effects of gonadotropin on Fas and/or FasL expression and proliferation in rat ovary. Theriogenology 2014; 83:21-9. [PMID: 25294749 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although gonadotropin is a dominant hormone involved in promoting ovarian follicle development in females, the mechanism by which gonadotropin regulates follicular development is still unknown. To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of the gonadotropin on apoptosis and proliferation of ovarian cells in vivo, rats were injected subcutaneously with eCG and/or anti-eCG antiserum. Equine chorionic gonadotropin treatment increased ovarian cell proliferation and expression of FSH receptors (FSHR) as revealed by increased immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and FSHR in rat ovary. These effects did not occur in a follicular stage-dependent manner. Moreover, these actions were abolished by anti-eCG antiserum. However, granulosa cells exhibited more intense Fas- and FasL-positive immunostaining during all follicular stages in the anti-eCG antiserum group. We used Western blot analysis to confirm these results; Fas and FasL protein contents in rat ovaries were decreased by eCG. Meanwhile, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and FSHR expression were upregulated by eCG. However, all these eCG-induced regulations were reversed by anti-eCG antiserum treatment. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the anti-eCG antiserum and control groups. These results indicate that eCG promotes follicular development via downregulation of death-inducer Fas/FasL expression and promotion of ovarian cell proliferation, which is partially mediated by FSHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuluan Guan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Ningxia Agricultural School, Yinchuan, Ningxia, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Baochang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Bellisario V, Berry A, Capoccia S, Raggi C, Panetta P, Branchi I, Piccaro G, Giorgio M, Pelicci PG, Cirulli F. Gender-dependent resiliency to stressful and metabolic challenges following prenatal exposure to high-fat diet in the p66(Shc-/-) mouse. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:285. [PMID: 25202246 PMCID: PMC4141279 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stressful challenges during susceptible time windows, such as fetal life, can have important implications for health throughout life. Deletion of the p66Shc gene in mice leads to reduced oxidative stress (OS), resulting in a healthy and lean phenotype characterized by increased metabolic rate, resistance to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and reduced emotionality at adulthood. Here we hypothesize that p66Shc−/− (KO) adult offspring might be protected from the detrimental effects induced by maternal HFD administered before and during pregnancy. To test such hypothesis, we fed p66Shc+/+ (WT) and KO females with HFD for 13 weeks starting on 5 weeks of age until delivery and tested adult male and female offspring for their metabolic, neuroendocrine, and emotional profile. Prenatal diet affected stress responses and metabolic features in a gender-dependent fashion. In particular, prenatal HFD increased plasma leptin levels and decreased anxiety-like behavior in females, while increasing body weight, particularly in KO subjects. KO mice were overall characterized by metabolic resiliency, showing a blunted change in glycemia levels in response to glucose or insulin challenges. However, in p66Shc−/− mice, prenatal HFD affected glucose tolerance response in an opposite manner in the two genders, overriding the resilience in males and exacerbating it in females. Finally, KO females were protected from the disrupting effect of prenatal HFD on neuroendocrine response. These findings indicate that prenatal HFD alters the emotional profile and metabolic functionality of the adult individual in a gender-dependent fashion and suggest that exposure to high-caloric food during fetal life is a stressful condition interfering with the developmental programming of the adult phenotype. Deletion of the p66Shc gene attenuates such effects, acting as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bellisario
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Capoccia
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Raggi
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Panetta
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Branchi
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccaro
- Section of Bacterial, Respiratory and Systemic Diseases, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology Milan, Italy
| | - Pier G Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
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Mogford JT, Jayasena CN, Dhillo WS. Evaluating the potential utility of kisspeptin to treat reproductive disorders. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2014; 9:251-261. [PMID: 30736164 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2014.890888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The kisspeptins, encoded by the KISS1 gene, are a group of newly discovered peptides, which have been found to play an important regulatory role in human reproduction. Loss of function mutations of kisspeptin or the kisspeptin receptor have been shown to cause pubertal failure; whereas activating mutations cause precocious puberty. Central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin to mammals stimulates gonadotrophin secretion via gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation. Similar observations have been reported in human studies as well as an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility. Kisspeptin is now known to be associated with brain sexual differentiation, sexual dimorphism, pubertal initiation and sex steroids feedback loops, which will be discussed in this review. Metabolic state, stress, and other neuropeptides such as neurokinin B (NKB) are associated with changes in kisspeptin's stimulatory action. The conclusions from kisspeptin studies so far have led to the consideration of potential therapeutic applications, which will be discussed. Increasing our understanding of kisspeptin may aid our knowledge and management of infertility, contraception and hormone sensitive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne T Mogford
- a Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- a Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, 6th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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