[Lipid and glucose profiles in outpatients and their correlation with anthropometric indices]

Development and validation of a carotid atherosclerosis risk prediction model based on a Chinese population

Purpose

This study aimed to identify independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and construct and validate a CAS risk prediction model based on the Chinese population.

Methods

This retrospective study included 4,570 Chinese adults who underwent health checkups (including carotid ultrasound) at the Zhenhai Lianhua Hospital, Ningbo, China, in 2020. All the participants were randomly assigned to the training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Independent risk factors associated with CAS were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator combined with 10-fold cross-validation were screened for characteristic variables, and nomograms were plotted to demonstrate the risk prediction model. C-index and receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the risk model’s discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability.

Results

Age, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, white blood cell count, mean platelet volume, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were identified as independent risk factors for CAS. In the training, internal validation, and external validation sets, the risk model showed good discriminatory power with C-indices of 0.961 (0.953–0.969), 0.953 (0.939–0.967), and 0.930 (0.920–0.940), respectively, and excellent calibration. The results of DCA showed that the prediction model could be beneficial when the risk threshold probabilities were 1–100% in all sets. Finally, a network computer (dynamic nomogram) was developed to facilitate the physicians’ clinical operations. The website is https://nbuhgq.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/.

Conclusion

The development of risk models contributes to the early identification and prevention of CAS, which is important for preventing and reducing adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Predictors of Lipid Profile Abnormalities Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

Lipid profile abnormalities are an integral part of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and major underlying causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lipid profile abnormalities in a patient with MetS are resulted due to the presence of central obesity and insulin resistance. In Ethiopia, the burden and predictors of lipid profile abnormalities in a patient with MetS are not well known. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of lipid profile abnormalities and predictors among patients with MetS in southwest Ethiopia.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 patients with MetS from September to December 2019 with a response rate of 100%. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and behavioral factors. Waist circumference, height, weight, and blood pressures were measured. The venous blood sample was collected for glucose and lipid profile determination. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Binary logistic regression and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed. A p-value was set at a <0.05 for statistical significance.

RESULTS

In this study, about 58% of participants were at least one or more lipid profile abnormalities with the 95% CI (52.8-62.7). About 67.2%, 44.6%,18.4%, and 14.2% of study participants were low HDL, high TG, LDL, and TC, respectively. Central obesity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.89, 95% CI: 1.14-3.14), increasing age (AOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.27-3.4), higher BMI (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.23-3.4), being hypertensive (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI: 2.12-5.7) and increasing blood glucose level (AOR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.36-4.03) were independent predictors of lipid profile abnormalities (dyslipidemia).

CONCLUSION

In this study area, a high (58%) prevalence of dyslipidemia was observed in study participants, and increasing age, higher BMI, central obesity, hypertension, and high blood glucose level were identified as independent predictors of dyslipidemia among patients with MetS. Prevention and control of dyslipidemia and its predictors among patients with MetS were recommended.

High manganese exposure decreased the risk of high triglycerides in workers: a cross-sectional study

Background

Manganese (Mn) participates in lipid metabolism. However, the associations between Mn exposure and dyslipidaemia is unclear.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the 2017 the Mn-exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC). Finally, 803 occupationally Mn-exposed workers included in the study. The workers were divided into two groups. The grouping of this study was based on Mn-Time Weighted Averages (Mn-TWA). The high-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA greater than 0.15 mg/m³. The low-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA less than or equal to 0.15 mg/m³. Mn-TWA levels and dyslipidaemia were assessed.

Results

After adjustment for seniority, sex, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, high-fat diet frequency, medicine intake in the past two weeks, egg intake frequency, drinking tea, WHR, and hypertension, Mn-TWA levels was negatively correlated with high triglycerides (TG) risk in workers overall (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.73; p <  0.01). The results of males and females were consistent (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.81; p <  0.01) and (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.94; p <  0.01), respectively. By performing interactions analyses of workers overall, we observed no significant interactions among confounders. Mn-TWA levels and pack-years on high TG risk (relative excess risk for the interactions (RERI = 2.29, 95% CI: − 2.07, 6.66), (RERI) = 2.98, 95% CI: − 2.30, 8.26). Similarly, smoking status, drinking status, high-fat diet frequency, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) showed non-significant interactions with Mn-TWA levels on high TG risk.

Conclusions

This research indicates that high Mn exposure was negatively related to high TG risk in workers.

Association between self-reported sleep duration and serum lipid profile in a middle-aged and elderly population in Taiwan: a community-based, cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

The association between sleep duration and serum lipid profile in the middle-aged and the elderly is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the relationships between sleep duration and levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides in these populations.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional observational study.

SETTING

Community-based investigation in Guishan Township of northern Taiwan.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 400 community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals were enrolled. All participants underwent a baseline assessment in 2014, which included anthropometrics, blood samples and self-administered questionnaires. Participants were classified into three groups based on their sleep duration.

OUTCOME MEASURES

Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain ORs and 95% CIs to assess the relationship between sleep duration and lipid profiles.

RESULTS

Participant mean age was 64.5 years and 35.3% were men. Subjects with longer (>7 hours) and shorter (<6 hours) nightly sleep duration had a higher prevalence of low HDL-C levels (HDL <40 mg/dL) than those with moderate sleep duration (6-7 hours). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that, compared with individuals with sleep duration of 6-7 hours, the ORs of having low HDL-C were 3.68 (95% CI 1.59 to 8.49) greater for individuals with sleep duration of <6 hours and 2.89 (95% CI 1.10 to 7.61) greater for individuals with sleep duration of >7 hours.

CONCLUSIONS

There was a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and HDL-C levels. Sleep duration >7 hours or <6 hours increased the risk of low serum HDL-C levels.

Anthropometric and metabolic indices in assessment of type and severity of dyslipidemia

Background

It has been shown that obesity is associated with increased rates of dyslipidemia. The present work revisits the association between plasma lipid levels and classical indicators of obesity including body mass index (BMI). The significance of various anthropometric/metabolic variables in clinical assessment of type and severity of dyslipidemia was also determined. Recently described body indices, a body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI), were also assessed in this context.

Methods

For the present cross-sectional analytical study, the participants (n = 275) were recruited from the patients visiting different health camps. Participants were anthropometrically measured and interviewed, and their fasting intravenous blood was collected. Plasma lipid levels were accordingly determined.

Results

The values for different anthropometric parameters are significantly different between dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic participants. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses revealed that all the tested variables gave the highest area under the curve (AUC) values for predicting hypertriglyceridemia in comparison to other plasma lipid abnormalities. BRI gave slightly higher AUC values in predicting different forms of dyslipidemia in comparison to BMI, whereas ABSI gave very low values.

Conclusions

Several anthropometric/metabolic indices display increased predictive capabilities for detecting hypertriglyceridemia in comparison to any other form of plasma lipid disorders. The capacity of BRI to predict dyslipidemia was comparable but not superior to the classical indicators of obesity, whereas ABSI could not detect dyslipidemia.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40101-017-0134-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Correlation between anthropometry and lipid profile in healthy subjects of Eastern India

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular diseases constitute one class of common contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevalence of overweight and obesity has dramatically increased in developing countries and is related to cardiovascular risk factors. Anthropometric parameters have the advantages in daily clinical practice of being a simple to measure tool with good reproducibility, especially in a developing country like India. Aim of this study is to correlate some anthropometric variables with lipid parameters in healthy subjects and to assess the anthropometric variable which best reflects the altered lipid profile.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted after the Institutional Ethical Committee Clearance. Included participants (1187) were subjected to anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference using standard procedures on the same morning of the day, as the blood sample was collected after overnight fast and estimated for fasting blood sugar and lipid profile.

RESULTS

There is a weak correlation between body mass index (BMI) and lipid parameters. Among all the anthropometric variables studied, WC is best correlated to lipid parameters. The mean values of lipid parameters were not significantly different in BMI <25 and BMI ≥25 groups.

CONCLUSIONS

WC remains one of the simple and reliable variables which best reflects the lipid profile. In a developing country like India, where measurement of cardiovascular risk factors such as body fat saturation and lipid profile remains difficult in the rural population, WC may be used as an effective tool, without being used as a substitute.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia according to the nutritional status in a representative sample of São Paulo

BACKGROUND

Overweight is one of the major public health problems in Brazil; it is associated with dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the lipid profile of residents of the municipality of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, according to the nutritional status.

METHODS

Data from the population-based cross-sectional study ISA-Capital 2008 on a sample of residents of São Paulo were used. Participants were categorized into groups according to body mass index and age range. The levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol were measured. The association between lipid profile, nutricional status, and waist circumference was investigated. The data were processed using the survey mode of the Stata 11.0 software.

RESULTS

The prevalence of any type of dyslipidemia in the population was 59.74%, with low HDL-cholesterol dyslipidemia being the most common type. Not overweight individuals had higher mean levels of HDL-cholesterol and lower levels of LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol when compared with the overweight group. The rate of inadequacy of these variables was higher in the overweight individuals, regardless of the age group, to the exception of LDL-cholesterol in the adults and elderly. A higher prevalence of isolated hypertriglyceridemia was observed in individuals with higher waist circumference among the adults and the total population.

CONCLUSION

The results indicate an association between dyslipidemia and overweight in the population of the city of São Paulo. The most prevalent dyslipidemia in this population was low HDL-cholesterol.