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Coelho N, Camarinho R, Garcia P, Rodrigues AS. Histological evidence of hypothyroidism in mice chronically exposed to conventional farming. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104387. [PMID: 38364936 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, disorders of the thyroid gland are a growing concern; such can be caused by exposure to contaminants, including agrochemicals used in conventional agriculture, which act as endocrine disruptors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether or not exposure to an environment with conventional agriculture leads to thyroid disruption. Mus musculus were used as bioindicator species, captured in two sites: a farm where conventional agriculture is practiced, and a place without agriculture. Thyroid histomorphometric and morphologic data were analyzed. The impacts of the agricultural environment over the thyroid were revealed, as indications of hypothyroidism were observed in exposed mice: the area and volume of epithelial cells were much lower. Alterations in thyroid histomorphology were also observed: lower follicular sphericity, irregularly delimited epithelium and increased exfoliation into the colloid. These results highlight the need for transition from current conventional agricultural systems towards organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Coelho
- FCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Camarinho
- FCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- FCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal; cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.
| | - Armindo S Rodrigues
- FCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.
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2
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Wang MWH, Goodman JM, Allen TEH. Machine Learning in Predictive Toxicology: Recent Applications and Future Directions for Classification Models. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:217-239. [PMID: 33356168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, machine learning has become increasingly prominent in predictive toxicology as it has shifted from in vivo studies toward in silico studies. Currently, in vitro methods together with other computational methods such as quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion calculations are being used. An overview of machine learning and its applications in predictive toxicology is presented here, including support vector machines (SVMs), random forest (RF) and decision trees (DTs), neural networks, regression models, naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, and ensemble learning. The recent successes of these machine learning methods in predictive toxicology are summarized, and a comparison of some models used in predictive toxicology is presented. In predictive toxicology, SVMs, RF, and DTs are the dominant machine learning methods due to the characteristics of the data available. Lastly, this review describes the current challenges facing the use of machine learning in predictive toxicology and offers insights into the possible areas of improvement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W H Wang
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Goodman
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy E H Allen
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
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Bhuvaneswari R, Nagarajan V, Chandiramouli R. Novel ε-arsenene nanosheets for sensing toxic malathion and parathion – A first-principles approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Liu S, Huang X, Hu K, Jin Q, Zhu G. Development of a Multiresidue Method for Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides by Solid Phase Extraction and Determination by UHPLC-MS/MS from Drinking Water Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 58:195-202. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A rapid and efficient method based on solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was validated, allowing the determination of the endocrine-disrupting herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, amitrole and atrazine), fungicides (carbendazim, triadimefon, penconazole and propiconazole), and insecticides (carbaryl and carbofuran) in drinking water. Low method detection limits (0.01–0.64 ng/L) and method quantification limits (0.03–2.13 ng/L) were obtained with satisfactory recoveries and precision for the endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The method was applied for real drinking water samples collected in the area of the city of Hangzhou (Zhejiang, China); the results showed that carbendazim, atrazine and acetochlor were detected in the drinking water samples and acetochlor was the most detected analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Liu
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xihui Huang
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kejun Hu
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Quan Jin
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Mantovani A. Endocrine Disrupters and the Safety of Food Chains. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:279-288. [PMID: 26535888 DOI: 10.1159/000441496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupters (ED) are a heterogeneous group of chemicals including persistent contaminants, pesticides, as well as compounds present in consumer products and natural substances. For most ED, the food chain is a current major exposure route for the general population. ED can enter the food chain through the living environment (e.g., feeds, fertilizers) of food-producing organisms, be directly employed in food production (e.g., pesticides) or be released from food contact materials (such as bisphenol A or phthalates); in addition, the endocrine disruption potential of some natural compounds in edible plants, including the so-called phytoestrogens, should not be overlooked. An exposure assessment has to consider the specific liability of food commodities to contamination with specific ED (e.g., polychlorinated and polybrominated chemicals in lipid-rich foods). The paper discusses the main toxicological research issues in order to support the risk assessment of ED in food chains, including: the potential for additive, 'cocktail' effects (as from multiple pesticide residues); the long-term effects on target body systems (e.g., reproductive, nervous) elicited by exposure during prenatal as well as postnatal life stage windows, and toxicant/nutrient interactions (e.g., thyroid-targeting ED and iodine status). Food safety systems should exploit the available knowledge to improve prevention of long-term risks along the whole food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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6
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Gholivand K, Hosseini M, Ebrahimi Valmoozi AA, Farshadfar K. Polymorphism, pseudo-polymorphism, and conformerism in the crystal structure of piperazine-N,N′-bis(N,O-diphenyl phosphoramidate). CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Primary Prevention of Congenital Anomalies: Special Focus on Environmental Chemicals and other Toxicants, Maternal Health and Health Services and Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1031:301-322. [PMID: 29214580 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies (CA) represent an important fraction of rare diseases, due to the critical role of non-genetic factors in their pathogenesis. CA are the main group of rare diseases in which primary prevention measures will have a beneficial impact. Indeed, since 2013 the European Union has endorsed a body of evidence-based recommendations for CA primary prevention; the recommendations aim at facilitating the inclusion of primary prevention actions the National Rare Disease Plans of EU Member States and encompass different public health fields, from environment through to maternal diseases and lifestyles.The chapter overviews and discusses the assessment of main risk factors for CA, such as environmental toxicants, maternal health and lifestyles and infections, with a special attention to issues that are emerging or need more knowledge.Overall, the availability of CA registries is important for estimating the health burden of CA, identifying possible hotspots, assessing the impact of interventions and addressing further, fit-to-purpose research.The integration of relevant public health actions that are already in place (e.g., control of noxious chemicals, vaccination programmes, public health services addressing chronic maternal conditions) can increase the affordability and sustainability of CA primary prevention. In developing countries with less primary prevention in place and limited overall resources, a first recognition phase may be pivotal in order to identify priority targets. In the meanwhile, policy makers should be made aware that primary prevention of RD supports publicly endorsed societal values like the knowledge-based promotion of health, empowerment, equity and social inclusiveness.
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Cheng Q, Teng Q, Marchitti SA, Dillingham CM, Kenneke JF. An Integrated Experimental and Computational Approach for Characterizing the Kinetics and Mechanism of Triadimefon Racemization. Chirality 2016; 28:633-41. [PMID: 27479933 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomers of chiral molecules commonly exhibit differing pharmacokinetics and toxicities, which can introduce significant uncertainty when evaluating biological and environmental fates and potential risks to humans and the environment. However, racemization (the irreversible transformation of one enantiomer into the racemic mixture) and enantiomerization (the reversible conversion of one enantiomer into the other) are poorly understood. To better understand these processes, we investigated the chiral fungicide, triadimefon, which undergoes racemization in soils, water, and organic solvents. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques were used to measure the rates of enantiomerization and racemization, deuterium isotope effects, and activation energies for triadimefon in H2 O and D2 O. From these results we were able to determine that: 1) the alpha-carbonyl carbon of triadimefon is the reaction site; 2) cleavage of the C-H (C-D) bond is the rate-determining step; 3) the reaction is base-catalyzed; and 4) the reaction likely involves a symmetrical intermediate. The B3LYP/6-311 + G** level of theory was used to compute optimized geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, nature population analysis, and intrinsic reaction coordinates for triadimefon in water and three racemization pathways were hypothesized. This work provides an initial step in developing predictive, structure-based models that are needed to identify compounds of concern that may undergo racemization. Chirality 28:633-641, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Cheng
- Student Services Authority Contractor, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Quincy Teng
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Satori A Marchitti
- ORISE Fellow, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Caleb M Dillingham
- Student Services Authority Contractor, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - John F Kenneke
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Parelho C, Bernardo F, Camarinho R, Rodrigues AS, Garcia P. Testicular damage and farming environments - An integrative ecotoxicological link. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:135-141. [PMID: 27108371 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to agrochemicals during farming activities affects the function of the reproductive system, as revealed by the increasing worldwide evidence of male infertility amongst farmers. The main objective of this study was to untangle the link between agricultural practices and male reproductive impairment due to chronic exposure to xenobiotics (such as agrochemicals) in conventional and organic farming environments. For this purpose, male wild mice (Mus musculus) populations from sites representing two distinct farming practices (conventional and organic farming systems) were used as bioindicators for observable effects of testicular damage, namely on a set of histological and cellular parameters: (i) relative volumetric density of different spermatogenic cells and interstitial space; (ii) damage in the seminiferous tubules and (iii) apoptotic cells in the germinal epithelium. Results showed that mice from the conventional farming site bioaccumulated higher Pb hepatic loads, while mice from the organic farming site tend to bioaccumulate higher Cd hepatic loads. In general, for the analyzed testicular damage related parameters, mice from the organic farming site showed a similar performance than mice from the reference site. Mice from the conventional farming site stood out not only by underperforming in most studied parameters, while displaying an association between Pb hepatic loads and the observed testicular structural and functional disruption, but also by the increased stress index (Integrated Biomarker Response value). This study highlights the potential damaging effects of conventional farming practices on testicular structure and function, under natural conditions, raising concern about ensuing fertility risks for farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Parelho
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Bernardo
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Camarinho
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CVARG, Center of Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Armindo Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CVARG, Center of Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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Xu Y, Xie Z, Zhang H, Shen F, Ma Y. Conformational polymorphism of a twisted conjugated molecule: controllable torsional motion for crystal growth selectivity. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Lasram MM, El-Golli N, Lamine AJ, Douib IB, Bouzid K, Annabi A, El Fazaa S, Abdelmoula J, Gharbi N. Changes in glucose metabolism and reversion of genes expression in the liver of insulin-resistant rats exposed to malathion. The protective effects of N-acetylcysteine. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 215:88-97. [PMID: 25449180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides are known to disturb glucose homeostasis and increase incidence of metabolic disorders and diabetes via insulin resistance. The current study investigates the influence of malathion on insulin signaling pathways and the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Malathion (200 mg/kg) and NAC (2 g/l) were administered orally to rats, during 28 consecutive days. Malathion increases plasma glucose, plasma insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels. Further, we observed an increase of insulin resistance biomarkers and a decrease of insulin sensitivity indices. The GP, GSK3β and PEPCK mRNA expressions were amplified by malathion while, the expression of glucokinase gene is down-regulated. On the basis of biochemical and molecular findings, it is concluded that malathion impairs glucose homeostasis through insulin resistance and insulin signaling pathways disruptions in a way to result in a reduced function of insulin into hepatocytes. Otherwise, when malathion-treated rats were compared to NAC supplemented rats, fasting glucose and insulin levels, as well as insulin resistance indices were reduced. Furthermore, NAC restored liver GP and PEPCK expression. N-acetylcysteine showed therapeutic effects against malathion-induced insulin signaling pathways disruption in liver. These data support the concept that antioxidant therapies attenuate insulin resistance and ameliorate insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Narjes El-Golli
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Jrad Lamine
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Bini Douib
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kahena Bouzid
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alya Annabi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua El Fazaa
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Jaouida Abdelmoula
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Frazzoli C, Bocca B, Mantovani A. The One Health Perspective in Trace Elements Biomonitoring. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2015; 18:344-370. [PMID: 26691900 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2015.1085473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Health risks in both animals and humans are associated with chronic exposures to levels of trace elements (TE) eliciting toxic and/or antinutritional effects, including excess exposures to some essential elements. Interferences with essential TE may also lead to secondary nutritional deficiencies and/or imbalances. Although research is still required, biomarkers of exposure, including bioavailability, for TE are established tools for human biomonitoring that can also be applied to animal surveillance. Biomarkers of effect as well as, where available, of susceptibility and bioavailability are necessary to understand whether an ongoing exposure may pose a current or future health concern. In the field of animal health the use of biomarkers is less developed and less widespread than in human health; however, under a One Health perspective, animal biomonitoring can provide important information on the interfaces among humans, animals, and the environment, supporting the prevention and management of health risks. Therefore, a transfer of knowledge from human biomonitoring to farm or free-ranging animals is critical in a risk assessment framework from farm to humans. Advantages and critical aspects in designing and conducting integrative biomonitoring activities in humans and animals were critically reviewed focusing on biomarkers of exposure, effect, susceptibility, and bioavailability for toxic and essential TE. Highlighted aspects include TE metabolism, bioaccessibility, and interactions. Farm or free-ranging animals may provide noninvasive matrices suitable for evaluating animal welfare, environmental stressors, food safety, and potential risks for human health, as proposed by the interdisciplinary concept of One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Frazzoli
- a External Relations Office , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- b Bioelements and Health Unit, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- c Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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Maranghi F, De Angelis S, Tassinari R, Chiarotti F, Lorenzetti S, Moracci G, Marcoccia D, Gilardi E, Di Virgilio A, Eusepi A, Mantovani A, Olivieri A. Reproductive toxicity and thyroid effects in Sprague Dawley rats exposed to low doses of ethylenethiourea. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:261-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Caserta D, Ciardo F, Bordi G, Guerranti C, Fanello E, Perra G, Borghini F, La Rocca C, Tait S, Bergamasco B, Stecca L, Marci R, Lo Monte G, Soave I, Focardi S, Mantovani A, Moscarini M. Correlation of endocrine disrupting chemicals serum levels and white blood cells gene expression of nuclear receptors in a population of infertile women. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:510703. [PMID: 23710174 PMCID: PMC3654366 DOI: 10.1155/2013/510703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant evidence supports that many endocrine disrupting chemicals could affect female reproductive health. Aim of this study was to compare the internal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in serum samples of 111 infertile women and 44 fertile women. Levels of gene expression of nuclear receptors (ER α , ER β , AR, AhR, PXR, and PPAR γ ) were also analyzed as biomarkers of effective dose. The percentage of women with BPA concentrations above the limit of detection was significantly higher in infertile women than in controls. No statistically significant difference was found with regard to PFOS, PFOA, MEHP and DEHP. Infertile patients showed gene expression levels of ER α , ER β , AR, and PXR significantly higher than controls. In infertile women, a positive association was found between BPA and MEHP levels and ER α , ER β , AR, AhR, and PXR expression. PFOS concentration positively correlated with AR and PXR expression. PFOA levels negatively correlated with AhR expression. No correlation was found between DEHP levels and all evaluated nuclear receptors. This study underlines the need to provide special attention to substances that are still widely present in the environment and to integrate exposure measurements with relevant indicators of biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Caserta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Sciences and Urological Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman Health and Territory's Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
- *Donatella Caserta:
| | - Francesca Ciardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Sciences and Urological Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bordi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Sciences and Urological Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Guerranti
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fanello
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Perra
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Borghini
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cinzia La Rocca
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Bergamasco
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stecca
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Marci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Monte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Soave
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ferrara, Corso Giovecca 203, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvano Focardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Moscarini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Sciences and Urological Sciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, S. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Cecchi A, Rovedatti MG, Sabino G, Magnarelli GG. Environmental exposure to organophosphate pesticides: assessment of endocrine disruption and hepatotoxicity in pregnant women. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:280-287. [PMID: 22494479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In utero exposure is the first point of contact with environmental xenobiotics that may affect the maternal-placental-fetal balance. Considering that maternal pathophysiological changes affect intrauterine development, this pilot study was conducted to address how environmental exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) during pregnancy may contribute to maternal endocrine disruption and disturbed hepatic function. A prospective study was carried out with pregnant women (n=97) living in a rural area of the Rio Negro province where OPs are intensively applied throughout 6 months of the year. Blood samples were obtained and biomarkers of OPs exposure (cholinesterases and β-glucuronidase), cortisol (CT) and progesterone (PG) levels, as well as glycemia, were determined. Parameters of liver injury were assayed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT); liver function was assayed by measuring albumin. Biomonitoring carried out during the pre-spraying period (PreS) and spraying period (SP) showed that the population studied was exposed to OPs, proven by the fact that plasma (PCh) and erythrocyte cholinesterase (AChE) decreased very significantly (p<0.01) during SP. CT values increased very significantly (p<0.01) in the first trimester of pregnancy during SP with respect to PreS. Individual values above the upper limit of the CT and PG reference range were found both in PreS and SP. This finding could be associated with changes in hormone metabolism pathways produced by OPs exposure. During the second trimester of pregnancy there were increases in ALT values and the AST/ALT ratio in SP, suggesting subclinical hepatotoxicity. In SP, glycemia was unchanged while albuminemia increased. Although anthropometric newborn parameters and pregnancy alterations were within normal values for the general population, the increase in CT in the maternal compartment may lead to impaired newborn health later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cecchi
- Hospital Dr. Ernesto Accame, Ing Quesnel S/N°, Allen (8328), Río Negro, Argentina.
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Collodoro M, Lemaire P, Eppe G, Bertrand V, Dobson R, Mazzucchelli G, Widart J, De Pauw E, De Pauw-Gillet MC. Identification and quantification of concentration-dependent biomarkers in MCF-7/BOS cells exposed to 17β-estradiol by 2-D DIGE and label-free proteomics. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4555-69. [PMID: 22580036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the identification of biomarkers resulting from the exposure of MCF-7/BOS cells to 17β-estradiol (E(2)). The biomarkers were identified using 2 independent and complementary techniques, 2-D DIGE/MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprint, and 2-D UPLC-ESI MS/MS. They were identified from the cytosolic fractions of cells treated for 24h with mitogenic concentrations of 1, 30 and 500 pM of 17β-estradiol. Five biomarkers were up-regulated proteins, namely HSP 74, EF2, FKBP4, EF1 and GDIB and one was a down-regulated protein, namely K2C8. Three of these proteins, EF2, FKBP4 and K2C8 are implicated in a network centered on the estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 as well as on AKT1. After the discovery phase, three biomarkers were selected to test the presence of estrogens using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). They were monitored using SRM after incubation of MCF-7/BOS in the presence of E(2) for confirmation or selected xenoestrogens. Daidzein, coumestrol and enterolactone induced an up-regulation of EF2 and FKPB4 proteins, while tamoxifen and resveratrol induced a down-regulation. The exposure of all phytoestrogens induced the down-regulation of K2C8. These markers form a preliminary molecular signature that can be used when testing the estrogenic activity of xenobiotics, either pure or in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Collodoro
- Laboratory of Histology-Cytology, GIGA-R and CART, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, Sart-Tilman, B 4000 Liège, Belgium
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La Rocca C, Alessi E, Bergamasco B, Caserta D, Ciardo F, Fanello E, Focardi S, Guerranti C, Stecca L, Moscarini M, Perra G, Tait S, Zaghi C, Mantovani A. Exposure and effective dose biomarkers for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in infertile subjects: preliminary results of the PREVIENI project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 215:206-11. [PMID: 22197512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been used as surfactants in various industry and consumer products. PFOS/PFOA are very persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate in humans. They are potential reproductive and developmental toxicants and are considered to be emerging endocrine disrupters (EDs). The Italian project PREVIENI, funded by the Italian Environment Ministry, aims to link environment and human health through the investigation of selected endocrine disrupters (EDs) exposure and associated biomarkers related to human infertility conditions. In the early PREVIENI phase, PFOS and PFOA were determined in 53 couples affected by an infertility status, enrolled in a metropolitan area, according to established inclusion criteria and informed consensus. Nuclear receptors related to chemical compounds interactions were selected as biomarkers of effect and their gene expression modulations were analyzed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Among couples, subjects not presenting infertility factors (IF--) were separated from affected subjects (IF++). Most IF-- serum samples showed PFOS and PFOA concentrations overlapping the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 ng/g wet weight (ww). A substantial percentage of IF++ serum samples showed PFOS concentrations >20-fold the LOD, i.e. from 3 to 50 ng/g ww. In male (50%, n=26) and from 3 to 144 ng/g ww in female (37%, n=30) samples. PFOA values were below the LOD levels in 90% of the total samples. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) showed a low level of expression in PBMC of both IF++ and IF-- groups. Whereas alpha and beta estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), androgen receptor (AR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were all upregulated in IF++ of both sexes with respect to IF-- group. Our preliminary results related to the metropolitan area indicate that subjects affected by infertility factors tend to have both higher PFOS levels and higher gene expression of specific nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia La Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Mnif W, Hassine AIH, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, Roig B. Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:2265-303. [PMID: 21776230 PMCID: PMC3138025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8062265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of both wildlife and humans. A huge number of chemicals have been identified as endocrine disruptors, among them several pesticides. Pesticides are used to kill unwanted organisms in crops, public areas, homes and gardens, and parasites in medicine. Human are exposed to pesticides due to their occupations or through dietary and environmental exposure (water, soil, air). For several years, there have been enquiries about the impact of environmental factors on the occurrence of human pathologies. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the potential impacts of endocrine disruptor pesticides on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissem Mnif
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Unité de Recherche 02/UR/09-01, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, de Monastir, BP 74, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; E-Mails: (W.M.); (A.I.H.H); (A.B.)
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, Pole Technologie Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Aziza Ibn Hadj Hassine
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Unité de Recherche 02/UR/09-01, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, de Monastir, BP 74, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; E-Mails: (W.M.); (A.I.H.H); (A.B.)
| | - Aicha Bouaziz
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Unité de Recherche 02/UR/09-01, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, de Monastir, BP 74, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; E-Mails: (W.M.); (A.I.H.H); (A.B.)
| | - Aghleb Bartegi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 1759, 31982, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
| | - Olivier Thomas
- Environment and Health Research laboratory (LERES), Advanced School of Public Health (EHESP), Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; E-Mail: (O.T.)
| | - Benoit Roig
- Environment and Health Research laboratory (LERES), Advanced School of Public Health (EHESP), Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard - CS 74312, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; E-Mail: (O.T.)
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Caserta D, Mantovani A, Marci R, Fazi A, Ciardo F, La Rocca C, Maranghi F, Moscarini M. Environment and women's reproductive health. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:418-33. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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