1
|
Das J, Roy Sarkar S, Das A, Barui A, Mitra Mazumder P. Assessment of efficacy of chrysin in diabetes-associated cardiac complications in chick embryo and murine model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:1225-1235. [PMID: 38989974 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with type 2 diabetes or prolonged diabetic condition are webbed into cardiac complications. This study aimed to ascertain the utility of chick embryo as an alternative to the mammalian model for type 2 diabetes-induced cardiac complications and chrysin as a protective agent. METHODS Diabetes was activated in ovo model (chick embryo) using glucose along with β-hydroxybutyric acid. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Alamar, and Kenacid blue assay were used to compare with chrysin-administered group. Blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein were considered as endpoints. Diabetes was induced in Wistar albino rats by administering a high-fat diet and a subdued dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, b.w). Percentage of glycated hemoglobin, creatinine kinase-MB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein were evaluated and compared with chrysin administered group. KEY FINDINGS Chrysin treatment improved elevated blood glucose levels and dyslipidemia in a diabetic group of whole embryos. Condensed cellular growth and protein content as well as enhanced cytotoxicity in ovo were shielded by chrysin. Chrysin reduced cardiac and inflammatory markers in diabetic rats and provided cellular protection to damage the heart of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The protective action of chrysin in ovo model induced a secondary complication associated with diabetes, evidenced that the ovo model is an effective alternative in curtailing higher animal use in scientific research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyani Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Suparna Roy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Centre for Health Care Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Health Care Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur 711103, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ajiboye TO, Ajala-Lawal RA, Adeyiga AB. Caffeic acid abrogates 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-induced hepatotoxicity by upregulating nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 and downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1092-1101. [PMID: 31142131 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119851257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is a food-borne contaminant reported to cause liver injury. In this study, we evaluated the protective influence of caffeic acid on 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats were randomized into five groups (A-E). Rats received distilled water or caffeic acid (10 or 20 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. In addition, rats were challenged with 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol on day 7. Caffeic acid prevented 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-mediated alterations in alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, albumin and total bilirubin in the serum of rats. Furthermore, caffeic acid lowered superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome P2E1 while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase in the liver of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-treated rats. Caffeic acid raised the levels of nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), protein kinase A and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Caffeic acid pretreatment annulled 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-mediated alterations in the oxidative stress biomarkers; caspase-3, glutathione, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and fragmented DNA, in the liver of rats. Contrastingly, caffeic acid lowered 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-mediated increase in the levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6. In addition, caffeic acid preserved the morphological features of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-treated rats. Results from this study revealed that caffeic acid protects against 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing the cytoprotective enzymes through Nrf-2 while lowering inflammation through NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R A Ajala-Lawal
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria
| | - A B Adeyiga
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohammed OJ, Pratten MK. Micromass Methods for the Evaluation of Developmental Toxicants. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1965:49-72. [PMID: 31069668 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9182-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chick embryonic heart has recently been utilized as a model to create a micromass (MM) culturing system. The aim was to overcome the ethical barriers arising from testing the embryotoxicity of chemicals using human embryonic cells. The system represents a valuable tool to study the ability of chemicals to interfere with various embryonic developmental processes such as cellular communication, differentiation, cellular activity, and proliferation, where the disturbance any of them could result in maldevelopment. The system can also be utilized to investigate ROS production and expression of several transmembrane proteins to study their roles in chemical-induced teratogenicity or embryotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar J Mohammed
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Margaret K Pratten
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical School, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Assessment of developmental cardiotoxic effects of some commonly used phytochemicals in mouse embryonic D3 stem cell differentiation and chick embryonic cardiomyocyte micromass culture models. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 64:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
5
|
Ahir BK, Pratten MK. The impact of caffeine on connexin expression in the embryonic chick cardiomyocyte micromass culture system. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:903-13. [PMID: 26304238 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are electrically coupled by gap junctions, defined as clusters of low-resistance multisubunit transmembrane channels composed of connexins (Cxs). The expression of Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45, which are present in cardiomyocytes, is known to be developmentally regulated. This study investigates the premise that alterations in gap junction proteins are one of the mechanisms by which teratogens may act. Specifically, those molecules known to be teratogenic in humans could cause their effects via disruption of cell-to-cell communication pathways, resulting in an inability to co-ordinate tissue development. Caffeine significantly inhibited contractile activity at concentrations above and including 1500 μm (P < 0.05), while not affecting cell viability and total protein, in the embryonic chick cardiomyocyte micromass culture system. The effects of caffeine on key cardiac gap junction protein (Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45) expression were analysed using immunocytochemistry and in-cell Western blotting. The results indicated that caffeine altered the expression pattern of Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 at non-cytotoxic concentrations (≥2000 μm), i.e., at concentrations that did not affect total cell protein and cell viability. In addition the effects of caffeine on cardiomyocyte formation and function (contractile activity score) were correlated with modulation of Cxs (Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45) expression, at above and including 2000 μm caffeine concentrations (P < 0.05). These experiments provide evidence that embryonic chick cardiomyocyte micromass culture may be a useful in vitro method for mechanistic studies of perturbation of embryonic heart development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh K Ahir
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (B205-01), US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Margaret K Pratten
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohammed OJ, Latif ML, Pratten MK. Evaluation of embryotoxicity for major components of herbal extracts using the chick embryonic heart micromass and mouse D3 embryonic stem cell systems. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 59:117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Carbamazepine toxic effects in chick cardiomyocyte micromass culture and embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocyte systems – Possible protective role of antioxidants. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Mohammed OJ, Pratten MK. Evaluation of embryotoxicity for herb extracts using chick embryonic heart micromass system. Reprod Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Ahir BK, Pratten MK. Developmental cardiotoxicity effects of four commonly used antiepileptic drugs in embryonic chick heart micromass culture and embryonic stem cell culture systems. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:948-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Toxicology, occurrence and risk characterisation of the chloropropanols in food: 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:467-78. [PMID: 23712097 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Great attention has been paid to chloropropanols like 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol and the related substance glycidol due to their presence in food and concerns about their toxic potential as carcinogens. The other chloropropanols 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol have been found in certain foods, but occurrence data are generally limited for these compounds. 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol has the most toxicological relevance showing clear carcinogenic effects in rats possibly via a genotoxic mechanism. The dietary exposure to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is quite low. Calculated "Margins of Exposure" values are above 10,000. It is concluded that the 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol exposure is of low concern for human health. The toxicology of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol has not been adequately investigated. Its toxicological potential regarding hepatotoxic effects seems to be lower than that of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol. Limited data show that 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol occurs only in trace amounts in food, indicating that exposure to 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol seems to be also of low concern for human health. The dietary 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol burden appears to be lower than that of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol. An adequate risk assessment for 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol cannot be performed due to limited data on the toxicology and occurrence in food. This article reviews the relevant information about the toxicology, occurrence and dietary exposure to the chloropropanols 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol.
Collapse
|
11
|
Teratogenic effects of diabetic conditions in chick heart in ovo and in micromass culture may be prevented by addition of vitamin C and folic acid. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 35:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Pratten M, Ahir BK, Smith-Hurst H, Memon S, Mutch P, Cumberland P. Primary cell and micromass culture in assessing developmental toxicity. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 889:115-146. [PMID: 22669663 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-867-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Under the European Commission's New Chemical Policy both currently used and new chemicals should be tested for their toxicities in several areas, one of which was reproductive/developmental toxicity. Thousands of chemicals will need testing which will require a large number of laboratory animals. In vitro systems (as pre-screens or as validated alternatives) appear to be useful tools to reduce the number of whole animals used or refine procedures and hence decrease the cost for the chemical industry. Validated in vitro systems exist for developmental toxicity/embryotoxicity testing. Indeed, three assays have recently been validated: the whole embryo culture (WEC), the rat limb bud micromass (MM), and the embryonic stem cell test (EST). In this article, the use of primary embryonic cell culture, and in particular micromass culture, including a relatively novel chick heart micromass (MM) culture system has been described and compared to the validated D3 mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pratten
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahir BK, Pratten MK. Association of anxiolytic drugs diazepam and lorazepam, and the antiepileptic valproate, with heart defects—Effects on cardiomyocytes in micromass (MM) and embryonic stem cell culture. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|