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Lin Y, Craig E, Liu X, Ge Y, Brunner J, Wang X, Yang Z, Hopke PK, Miller RK, Barrett ES, Thurston SW, Murphy SK, O'Connor TG, Rich DQ, Zhang JJ. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in pregnant women in a Northeastern U.S. city: socioeconomic disparity and contributions from air pollution sources. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:407-415. [PMID: 37161057 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous constituents of air pollution, has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Yet it remains unclear whether and how socioeconomic status (SES) affects gestational PAH exposure. OBJECTIVE To examine whether there are socioeconomic disparities in PAHs exposure among pregnant women from Rochester, NY, and if so, to what extent disproportionate proximity to air pollution sources, measured by residential distance to transportation-related sources, contributed to the exposure disparity. METHODS We measured 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in 726 urine samples collected from 305 pregnant women up to three samples throughout pregnancy. Residential distances to transportation-related sources were calculated based on participants' home addresses. We used linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts of participants to examine associations between 1-hydroxypyrene, SES indicators, and distance to transportation-related sources. We used structural equation modelling to assess to what extent distance to transportation-related sources contributes to the socioeconomic disparity in 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations. RESULTS Reduced household income and maternal education level were both significant SES predictors of 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations, after the adjustment for other maternal demographic characteristics. Each interquartile range (IQR) increases in residential proximity to the airport (from 14.3 to 6.0 km), the railroad yard (from 22.3 to 6.0 km), and annual average daily traffic within 300 m (from 3796 to 99,933 vehicles/year) were associated with 15.0% (95%CI: 7.0-22.2%), 15.4% (95%CI: 6.5-23.5%), and 13.6% (95%CI: 4.7-23.3%) increases in 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations, respectively. Proximity to these sources jointly explained 10% (95%CI: 1.6-18.4%) of the 1-hydroxypyrene concentration change associated with decreases in SES as a latent variable defined by both household income and education level. IMPACT STATEMENT Our findings suggest that efforts to address disproportionate residential proximity to transportation-related sources may reduce the socioeconomic disparity in PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily Craig
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihui Ge
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Brunner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiangtian Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhenchun Yang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Dai Y, Xu X, Huo X, Faas MM. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on pregnancy, placenta, and placental trophoblasts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115314. [PMID: 37536008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, endocrine-toxic, and immunotoxic. PAHs can be found in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta during pregnancy. They may thus affect placental and fetal development. Therefore, the exposure levels and toxic effects of PAHs in the placenta deserve further study and discussion. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of PAHs and their metabolites on pregnancy and birth outcomes and on placental trophoblast cells. A growing number of epidemiological studies detected PAH-DNA adducts as well as the 16 high-priority PAHs in the human placenta and showed that placental PAH exposure is associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Trophoblasts are important cells in the placenta and are involved in placental development and function. In vitro studies have shown that exposure to either PAH mixtures, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or BaP metabolite benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) affected trophoblast cell viability, differentiation, migration, and invasion through various signaling pathways. Furthermore, similar effects of BPDE on trophoblast cells could also be observed in BaP-treated mouse models and were related to miscarriage. Although the current data show that PAHs may affect placental trophoblast cells and pregnancy outcomes, further studies (population studies, in vitro studies, and animal studies) are necessary to show the specific effects of different PAHs on placental trophoblasts and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Dai
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Iacobazzi D, Alvino VV, Caputo M, Madeddu P. Accelerated Cardiac Aging in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:892861. [PMID: 35694664 PMCID: PMC9177956 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.892861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood but develop long-term complications including heart failure (HF). Cellular senescence, classically defined as stable cell cycle arrest, is implicated in biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and aging. Senescent cells have a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), involving a range of pro-inflammatory factors with important paracrine and autocrine effects on cell and tissue biology. While senescence has been mainly considered as a cause of diseases in the adulthood, it may be also implicated in some of the poor outcomes seen in patients with complex CHD. We propose that patients with CHD suffer from multiple repeated stress from an early stage of the life, which wear out homeostatic mechanisms and cause premature cardiac aging, with this term referring to the time-related irreversible deterioration of the organ physiological functions and integrity. In this review article, we gathered evidence from the literature indicating that growing up with CHD leads to abnormal inflammatory response, loss of proteostasis, and precocious age in cardiac cells. Novel research on this topic may inspire new therapies preventing HF in adult CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Huang Y, Lin S, Wang C, Pi X, Jin L, Li Z, Wang L, Ren A. Neural Tube Defects and ZIC4 Hypomethylation in Relation to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582661. [PMID: 33304900 PMCID: PMC7701213 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic dysregulation is one of the postulated underlying mechanisms of neural tube defects (NTDs). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of environmental pollutants that are reported as a risk factor of NTDs, may cause decreased genome-wide DNA methylation. With DNA extracted from neural tissues, this study identified gene(s) whose hypomethylation was related to elevated risk for NTDs and examined whether its hypomethylation is related to PAH exposure. Results Using data profiled by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array from 10 NTD cases and eight controls, ZIC4, CASP8, RAB32, RARA, and TRAF6 were identified to be the top five genes in NTD-related hypomethylated gene families. Among all identified genes, ZIC4 had the largest number of differently methylated CpG sites (n = 13) in the promoter region and 5′ UTR. Significantly decreased methylation in the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR was verified in an independent cohort of 80 cases and 32 controls (p < 0.001) utilizing the Sequenom EpiTYPER platform. Hypomethylation of ZIC4 was associated with a higher risk of NTDs [adjusted OR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.13] in a logistic regression model. Mean methylation levels in the promoter region and 5′ UTR of ZIC4 tended to be inversely associated with levels of high-molecular-weight PAHs in fetal liver among NTD fetuses (β [95% CI]: −0.045 [−0.091, 0.001], p = 0.054). Six and three CpG sites in the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR were inversely correlated with antioxidant indicators and protein oxidation markers (ρ: −0.45 to −0.75, p < 0.05) in fetal neural tissues, respectively. In a whole-embryo cultured mouse model, hypomethylation of the Zic4 promoter region and 5′ UTR and upregulation of Zic4 were observed, coupled with increased NTD rates after BaP exposure. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine normalized the changes observed in the BaP exposure group. Conclusion Hypomethylation of the ZIC4 promoter region and 5′ UTR may increase the risk for NTDs; oxidative stress is likely to play a role in the methylation change of Zic4 in response to PAH exposure in NTD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Pi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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5
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Cao X, Tian T, Steele JW, Cabrera RM, Aguiar-Pulido V, Wadhwa S, Bhavani N, Bi P, Gargurevich NH, Hoffman EN, Cai CQ, Marini NJ, Yang W, Shaw GM, Ross ME, Finnell RH, Lei Y. Loss of RAD9B impairs early neural development and contributes to the risk for human spina bifida. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:786-799. [PMID: 31898828 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) genes orchestrating the network of DNA repair, cell cycle control, are essential for the rapid proliferation of neural progenitor cells. To date, the potential association between specific DDR genes and the risk of human neural tube defects (NTDs) has not been investigated. Using whole-genome sequencing and targeted sequencing, we identified significant enrichment of rare deleterious RAD9B variants in spina bifida cases compared to controls (8/409 vs. 0/298; p = .0241). Among the eight identified variants, the two frameshift mutants and p.Gln146Glu affected RAD9B nuclear localization. The two frameshift mutants also decreased the protein level of RAD9B. p.Ser354Gly, as well as the two frameshifts, affected the cell proliferation rate. Finally, p.Ser354Gly, p.Ser10Gly, p.Ile112Met, p.Gln146Glu, and the two frameshift variants showed a decreased ability for activating JNK phosphorylation. RAD9B knockdowns in human embryonic stem cells profoundly affected early differentiation through impairing PAX6 and OCT4 expression. RAD9B deficiency impeded in vitro formation of neural organoids, a 3D cell culture model for human neural development. Furthermore, the RNA-seq data revealed that loss of RAD9B dysregulates cell adhesion genes during organoid formation. These results represent the first demonstration of a DDR gene as an NTD risk factor in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanye Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - John W Steele
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Robert M Cabrera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Shruti Wadhwa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nikitha Bhavani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Bi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nick H Gargurevich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ethan N Hoffman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chun-Quan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nicholas J Marini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Margaret E Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yunping Lei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Choi G, Stingone JA, Desrosiers TA, Olshan AF, Nembhard WN, Shaw GM, Pruitt S, Romitti PA, Yazdy MM, Browne ML, Langlois PH, Botto L, Luben TJ. Maternal exposure to outdoor air pollution and congenital limb deficiencies in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108716. [PMID: 31546130 PMCID: PMC6842662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital limb deficiencies (CLDs) are a relatively common group of birth defects whose etiology is mostly unknown. Recent studies suggest maternal air pollution exposure as a potential risk factor. AIM To investigate the relationship between ambient air pollution exposure during early pregnancy and offspring CLDs. METHODS The study population was identified from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based multi-center case-control study, and consisted of 615 CLD cases and 5,701 controls with due dates during 1997 through 2006. Daily averages and/or maxima of six criteria air pollutants (particulate matter <2.5 μm [PM2.5], particulate matter <10 μm [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], sulfur dioxide [SO2], carbon monoxide [CO], and ozone [O3]) were averaged over gestational weeks 2-8, as well as for individual weeks during this period, using data from EPA air monitors nearest to the maternal address. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, and study center. We estimated aORs for any CLD and CLD subtypes (i.e., transverse, longitudinal, and preaxial). Potential confounding by co-pollutant was assessed by adjusting for one additional air pollutant. Using the single pollutant model, we further investigated effect measure modification by body mass index, cigarette smoking, and folic acid use. Sensitivity analyses were conducted restricting to those with a residence closer to an air monitor. RESULTS We observed near-null aORs for CLDs per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10, PM2.5, and O3. However, weekly averages of the daily average NO2 and SO2, and daily max NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations were associated with increased odds of CLDs. The crude ORs ranged from 1.03 to 1.12 per IQR increase in these air pollution concentrations, and consistently elevated aORs were observed for CO. Stronger associations were observed for SO2 and O3 in subtype analysis (preaxial). In co-pollutant adjusted models, associations with CO remained elevated (aORs: 1.02-1.30); but aORs for SO2 and NO2 became near-null. The aORs for CO remained elevated among mothers who lived within 20 km of an air monitor. The aORs varied by maternal BMI, smoking status, and folic acid use. CONCLUSION We observed modest associations between CLDs and air pollution exposures during pregnancy, including CO, SO2, and NO2, though replication through further epidemiologic research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giehae Choi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tania A Desrosiers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shannon Pruitt
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mahsa M Yazdy
- Massachusetts Department of Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Peter H Langlois
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas J Luben
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, United States
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Huang Y, Lin S, Jin L, Wang L, Ren A. Decreased global DNA hydroxymethylation in neural tube defects: Association with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1019-1029. [PMID: 31179819 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1629233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a distinct epigenetic marker that plays a role in DNA active demethylation, has been reported to be important for embryonic development and may respond to environmental exposure. No studies have evaluated the association between DNA hydroxymethylation and the risk for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs), with consideration of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a risk factor for NTDs. We measured the global levels of 5hmC% in neural tissue from 92 terminated NTD cases and 33 terminated non-malformed fetuses. A lower level of 5hmC% was found in the NTD cases (median [interquartile range]: 0.25 [0.12-0.39]) compared to the controls (0.45 [0.19-1.00]). After adjusting for periconceptional folate supplementation, risk for NTDs increased with decreasing tertiles of 5hmC% (odds ratio: 7.89, 95% confidence interval: 2.32, 26.86, for the lowest tertile relative to the top tertile; pfor trend = 0.002). Linear regression revealed that concentrations of high-molecular-weight PAHs (H_PAHs) in fetal liver tissue were negatively associated with log2-transformed 5hmC%. Superoxide dismutase activity and 5hmC% were positively correlated in fetal neural tissue (rs = 0.64; p < 0.05). A mouse whole-embryo culture model was used for further validation. Decreased levels of 5hmC% and increased levels of reactive oxygen species were found in mouse embryos treated with BaP, a well-studied PAH. Taken together, levels of 5hmC% in fetal neural tissue were inversely associated with the risk for NTDs, and this association may be related to oxidative stress induced by exposure to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,b Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center , Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou , China
| | - Lei Jin
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Linlin Wang
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- a Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
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8
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Huang Y, Ren A, Wang L, Jin L, Lin S, Li Z, McDonald JA. Casp8 hypomethylation and neural tube defects in association with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:72. [PMID: 31064411 PMCID: PMC6505285 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have found that prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). Aberrant DNA methylation, excessive apoptosis, and oxidative stress have been implied as the mechanism underlying the association between PAH exposure and NTDs, respectively. However, the role of DNA methylation aberration of apoptotic initiator CASP8 (caspase-8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase) in the formation of NTDs in association with PAH exposure is not known. By combining a case–control study and mouse model, we aimed to explore the full spectrum of the links from PAH exposure, oxidative stress, CASP8 methylation change, caspase-8 activation, apoptosis, to NTD formation. Results Hypomethylation of CASP8 promoter was noticed in the microarray profiled by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip using neural tissues from 10 terminated NTD fetuses and 8 terminated non-malformed fetuses (14 CpG sites, with β difference ranging between 8.8 and 26.3%), and was validated in a larger case–control sample performed with neural tissues from 80 NTD cases and 32 non-malformed fetuses, using the Sequenom MassARRAY system (7 CpG sites). Hypomethylation of CASP8 was a risk factor for NTDs (aOR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05–1.17) based on the logistic regression model. According to Pearson’s correlation, methylation levels of CASP8 were inversely correlated with PAH concentrations in maternal serum and with oxidative stress markers in fetal neural tissues (p < 0.05). In the animal study, increased NTD rates (13.5% frequency), Casp8 hypomethylation, caspase-8 upregulation, increased caspase-8 cleavage, and excessive apoptosis were found in mouse embryos cultured with benz(a)pyrene (BaP) in vitro. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and BaP co-treatment attenuated the changes found in BaP treatment group. Conclusions Hypomethylation of Casp8 promoter is associated with the formation of NTDs, and Casp8 hypomethylation may be induced by oxidative stress that resulted from exposure to PAHs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0673-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Zhang HN, Guo Y, Ma W, Xue J, Wang WL, Yuan ZW. MGMT is down-regulated independently of promoter DNA methylation in rats with all-trans retinoic acid-induced spina bifida aperta. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:361-368. [PMID: 30531021 PMCID: PMC6301176 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day (E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia Xue
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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10
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Dodd-Butera T, Quintana PJE, Ramirez-Zetina M, Batista-Castro AC, Sierra MM, Shaputnic C, Garcia-Castillo M, Ingmanson S, Hull S. Placental biomarkers of PAH exposure and glutathione-S-transferase biotransformation enzymes in an obstetric population from Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:360-368. [PMID: 27567517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures along the US-Mexico border have the potential to adversely affect the maternal-fetal environment. The purpose of this study was to assess placental biomarkers of environmental exposures in an obstetric population at the California-Baja California border in relation to detoxifying enzymes in the placenta and nutritional status. This study was conducted on consenting, full-term, obstetric patients (n=54), delivering in a hospital in Tijuana, Baja California (BC), Mexico. Placental polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts were measured in addition to placental glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and genotype, maternal serum folate, and maternal and umbilical cord blood lead and cadmium levels. A questionnaire was administered to the mothers to determine maternal occupation in a maquiladora, other exposures, and obstetric indicators. In univariate analysis, maternal serum folate levels were inversely correlated with total PAH-DNA adducts (rho=-0.375, p=0.007); adduct #1 (rho=-0.388, p=0.005); and adduct #3 (rho =-0.430, p=0.002). Maternal lead levels were significantly positively correlated with cord blood lead levels (rho=0.512, p<0.001). Cadmium levels were generally very low but significantly higher in mothers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (either at work or at home, n=10). In multivariate analysis, only maternal serum folate levels remained as a significant negative predictor of total DNA-PAH adducts levels in placenta. These findings affirm that placental tissue is a valuable and readily available source of human tissue for biomonitoring; and indicate that further study of the role of nutrition in detoxification and mitigation of environmental exposures in pregnant women is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Dodd-Butera
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Nursing, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA; San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA; Union Institute & University, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | | | - Ana C Batista-Castro
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Tijuana, BC, Mexico; Hospital General de Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico.
| | - Maria M Sierra
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Carolyn Shaputnic
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego, Western FASD Practice and Implementation Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology-Teratology, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Maura Garcia-Castillo
- Xochicalco Universidad Escuela de Medicina, BC, Mexico; Institute for Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Sonja Ingmanson
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Stacy Hull
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Yi D, Yuan Y, Jin L, Zhou G, Zhu H, Finnell RH, Ren A. Levels of PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood and cord tissue and the risk of fetal neural tube defects in a Chinese population. Neurotoxicology 2014; 46:73-8. [PMID: 25522656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been shown to be associated with an elevated risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). In the human body, PAHs are bioactivated and the resultant reactive epoxides can covalently bind to DNA to form PAH-DNA adducts, which may, in turn, cause transcription errors, changes in gene expression or altered patterns of apoptosis. During critical developmental phases, these changes can result in abnormal morphogenesis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the relationship between the levels of PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood and cord tissue and the risk of NTDs. METHODS From 2010 to 2012, 60 NTD cases and 60 healthy controls were recruited from a population-based birth defects surveillance system in five counties of Shanxi Province in Northern China, where the emission of PAHs remains one of the highest in the country and PAHs exposure is highly prevalent. PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood of 15 NTD cases and 15 control infants, and in cord tissue of 60 NTD cases and 60 control infants were measured using the (32)P-postlabeling method. RESULTS PAH-DNA adduct levels in cord blood tend to be higher in the NTD group (28.5 per 10(8) nucleotides) compared with controls (19.7 per 10(8) nucleotides), although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.377). PAH-DNA adducts in cord tissue were significantly higher in the NTD group (24.6 per 10(6) nucleotides) than in the control group (15.3 per 10(6) nucleotides), P=0.010. A positive dose-response relationship was found between levels of PAH-DNA adducts in cord tissue and the risk of NTDs (P=0.009). When the lowest tertile was used as the referent and potential confounding factors were adjusted for, a 1.03-fold (95% CI, 0.37-2.89) and 2.96-fold (95% CI, 1.16-7.58) increase in the risk of NTDs was observed for fetuses whose cord tissue PAH-DNA adduct levels were in the second and highest tertile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High levels of PAH-DNA adducts in fetal tissues were associated with increased risks of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Yi
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guodong Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Kim KH, Jahan SA, Kabir E, Brown RJC. A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their human health effects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 60:71-80. [PMID: 24013021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1223] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds comprised of two or more fused benzene rings arranged in various configurations. PAHs are widespread environmental contaminants formed as a result of incomplete combustion of organic materials such as fossil fuels. The occurrence of PAHs in ambient air is an increasing concern because of their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Although emissions and allowable concentrations of PAHs in air are now regulated, the health risk posed by PAH exposure suggests a continuing need for their control through air quality management. In light of the environmental significance of PAH exposure, this review offers an overview of PAH properties, fates, transformations, human exposure, and health effects (acute and chronic) associated with their emission to the atmosphere. Biomarkers of PAH exposure and their significance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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