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Zhao YJ, Zhou C, Wei YY, Zhang SY, Mishra JS, Li HH, Lei W, Wang K, Kumar S, Zheng J. An Endogenous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Induces Preeclampsia-like Phenotypes: Transcriptome, Phosphoproteome, and Cell Functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572271. [PMID: 38187714 PMCID: PMC10769228 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is one hypertensive disorder and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity during human pregnancy. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor, which regulates vascular functions. Exogenous and endogenous AhR ligands can induce hypertension in animals. However, if dysregulation of endogenous AhR ligands contributes to the pathophysiology of PE remains elusive. Methods We measured AhR activities in human maternal and umbilical vein sera. We also applied physiological, cellular, and molecular approaches to dissect the role of endogenous AhR ligands in vascular functions during pregnancy using pregnant rats and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as models. Results PE elevated AhR activities in human umbilical vein sera. Exposure of pregnant rats to an endogenous AhR ligand, 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) increased blood pressure and proteinuria, while decreased uteroplacental blood flow and reduced fetal and placental weights, all of which are hallmarks of PE. ITE dampened vascular growth and fetal sex-specifically altered immune cell infiltration in rat placentas. ITE also decreased cell proliferation and cell monolayer integrity in HUVECs in vitro . RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ITE dysregulated transcriptome in rat placentas and HUVECs in a fetal sex-specific manner. Bottom-up phosphoproteomics showed that ITE disrupted phosphoproteome in HUVECs. These ITE-dysregulated genes and phosphoproteins were enriched in biological functions and pathways which are highly relevant to diseases of heart, liver, and kidney, vascular functions, inflammation responses, cell death, and kinase inhibition. Conclusions Dysregulation of endogenous AhR ligands during pregnancy may lead to the development of PE with underlying impaired vascular functions, fetal sex-specific immune cell infiltration and transcriptome, and phosphoproteome. Thus, this study has provided a novel mechanism for the development of PE and potentially other forms of hypertensive pregnancies. These AhR ligand-activated genes and phosphoproteins might represent promising therapeutic and fetal sex-specific targets for PE-impaired vascular functions.
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Wiggins BG, Wang YF, Burke A, Grunberg N, Vlachaki Walker JM, Dore M, Chahrour C, Pennycook BR, Sanchez-Garrido J, Vernia S, Barr AR, Frankel G, Birdsey GM, Randi AM, Schiering C. Endothelial sensing of AHR ligands regulates intestinal homeostasis. Nature 2023; 621:821-829. [PMID: 37586410 PMCID: PMC10533400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the blood and lymphatic vasculature, and act as an essential physical barrier, control nutrient transport, facilitate tissue immunosurveillance and coordinate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis1,2. In the intestine, dietary and microbial cues are particularly important in the regulation of organ homeostasis. However, whether enteric endothelial cells actively sense and integrate such signals is currently unknown. Here we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) acts as a critical node for endothelial cell sensing of dietary metabolites in adult mice and human primary endothelial cells. We first established a comprehensive single-cell endothelial atlas of the mouse small intestine, uncovering the cellular complexity and functional heterogeneity of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. Analyses of AHR-mediated responses at single-cell resolution identified tissue-protective transcriptional signatures and regulatory networks promoting cellular quiescence and vascular normalcy at steady state. Endothelial AHR deficiency in adult mice resulted in dysregulated inflammatory responses and the initiation of proliferative pathways. Furthermore, endothelial sensing of dietary AHR ligands was required for optimal protection against enteric infection. In human endothelial cells, AHR signalling promoted quiescence and restrained activation by inflammatory mediators. Together, our data provide a comprehensive dissection of the effect of environmental sensing across the spectrum of enteric endothelia, demonstrating that endothelial AHR signalling integrates dietary cues to maintain tissue homeostasis by promoting endothelial cell quiescence and vascular normalcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Wiggins
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alice Burke
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Nil Grunberg
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Julia M Vlachaki Walker
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Marian Dore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Betheney R Pennycook
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Santiago Vernia
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Gad Frankel
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graeme M Birdsey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Schiering
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
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Guerra-Ojeda S, Suarez A, Valls A, Verdú D, Pereda J, Ortiz-Zapater E, Carretero J, Mauricio MD, Serna E. The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Endothelium: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13537. [PMID: 37686342 PMCID: PMC10488274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been shown to be important in physiological processes other than detoxification, including vascular homeostasis. Although AhR is highly expressed in the endothelium, its function has been poorly studied. This systematic review aims to summarise current knowledge on the AhR role in the endothelium and its cardiovascular implications. We focus on endogenous AhR agonists, such as some uremic toxins and other agonists unrelated to environmental pollutants, as well as studies using AhR knockout models. We conclude that AhR activation leads to vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and that blocking AhR signalling could provide a new target for the treatment of vascular disorders such as cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Andrea Suarez
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alicia Valls
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - David Verdú
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria D. Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Salminen A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) reveals evidence of antagonistic pleiotropy in the regulation of the aging process. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:489. [PMID: 35987825 PMCID: PMC9392714 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis is a well-known evolutionary theory to explain the aging process. It proposes that while a particular gene may possess beneficial effects during development, it can exert deleterious properties in the aging process. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has a significant role during embryogenesis, but later in life, it promotes several age-related degenerative processes. For instance, AhR factor (i) controls the pluripotency of stem cells and the stemness of cancer stem cells, (ii) it enhances the differentiation of embryonal stem cells, especially AhR signaling modulates the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, (iii) it also stimulates the differentiation of immunosuppressive Tregs, Bregs, and M2 macrophages, and finally, (iv) AhR signaling participates in the differentiation of many peripheral tissues. On the other hand, AhR signaling is involved in many processes promoting cellular senescence and pathological processes, e.g., osteoporosis, vascular dysfunction, and the age-related remodeling of the immune system. Moreover, it inhibits autophagy and aggravates extracellular matrix degeneration. AhR signaling also stimulates oxidative stress, promotes excessive sphingolipid synthesis, and disturbs energy metabolism by catabolizing NAD+ degradation. The antagonistic pleiotropy of AhR signaling is based on the complex and diverse connections with major signaling pathways in a context-dependent manner. The major regulatory steps include, (i) a specific ligand-dependent activation, (ii) modulation of both genetic and non-genetic responses, (iii) a competition and crosstalk with several transcription factors, such as ARNT, HIF-1α, E2F1, and NF-κB, and (iv) the epigenetic regulation of target genes with binding partners. Thus, not only mTOR signaling but also the AhR factor demonstrates antagonistic pleiotropy in the regulation of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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5
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Li HH, Sai LT, Liu Y, Freel CI, Wang K, Zhou C, Zheng J, Shu Q, Zhao YJ. Systemic lupus erythematosus dysregulates the expression of long noncoding RNAs in placentas. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:142. [PMID: 35701843 PMCID: PMC9195362 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause placental dysfunctions, which may result in pregnancy complications. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are actively involved in the regulation of immune responses during pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the lncRNA expression profiles in placentas from women with SLE to gain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms in SLE pregnancies. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed to identify SLE-dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs in placentas from women with SLE and normal full-term (NT) pregnancies. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict the biological functions of these SLE-dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results RNA-seq analysis identified 52 dysregulated lncRNAs in SLE placentas, including 37 that were upregulated and 15 downregulated. Additional 130 SLE-dysregulated mRNAs were discovered, including 122 upregulated and 8 downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that SLE-dysregulated genes were associated with biological functions and gene networks, such as regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway, response to hypoxia, regulation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade, response to steroid hormone, complement and coagulation cascades, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Conclusions This is the first report of the lncRNA profiles in placentas from SLE pregnancies. These results suggest that the aberrant expression and the potential regulatory function of lncRNAs in placentas may play comprehensive roles in the pathogenesis of SLE pregnancies. SLE-dysregulated lncRNAs may potentially serve as biomarkers for SLE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02825-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Lin-Tao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Colman I Freel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Scholars Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA. .,Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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6
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Li HH, Sai LT, Tian S, Liu Y, Freel CI, Wang K, Zhou C, Zheng J, Shu Q, Zhao YJ. Sexual Dimorphisms of Protein-Coding Gene Profiles in Placentas From Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:798907. [PMID: 35372436 PMCID: PMC8965019 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.798907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may cause pathogenic changes in the placentas during human pregnancy, such as decreased placental weight, intraplacental hematoma, ischemic hypoxic change, placental infarction, and decidual vasculopathy, which contribute to high maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Sex-specific adaptations of the fetus are associated with SLE pregnancies. The present study aimed to determine the transcriptomic profiles of female and male placentas from women with SLE. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEGs) in placentas from women with SLE vs. normal term (NT) pregnancies with female and male fetuses (n = 3-5/sex/group). Real-time-quantitative PCR was performed (n = 4 /sex/group) to validate the RNA-seq results. Bioinformatics functional analysis was performed to predict the biological functions and pathways of SLE-dysregulated protein-coding genes. Results Compared with NT-female (NT-F) placentas, 119 DEGs were identified in SLE-female (SLE-F) placentas. Among these 119 DEGs, five and zero are located on X- and Y-chromosomes, respectively, and four are located on the mitochondrial genome. Compared with NT-male (NT-M) placentas, 458 DEGs were identified in SLE-male (SLE-M) placentas, among which 16 are located on the X-chromosome and zero on the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial genome. Twenty-four DEGs were commonly dysregulated in SLE-F and -M placentas. Functional analysis showed that SLE-dysregulated protein-coding genes were associated with diverse biological functions and pathways, including angiogenesis, cellular response to growth factor stimulus, heparin-binding, HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1 signaling pathway, and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway in both SLE-F and -M placentas. Biological regulations were differentially enriched between SLE-F and -M placentas. Regulation of blood circulation, response to glucocorticoid, and rhythmic process were all enriched in SLE-F, but not SLE-M placentas. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor production, Th17 cell differentiation, and MDA (melanoma differentiation-associated gene)-5 signaling pathway were enriched in SLE-M but not SLE-F placentas. Conclusion This report investigated the protein-coding gene profiles of placenta tissues from SLE patients using RNA-seq. The results suggest that the SLE-dysregulated protein-coding genes in placentas may contribute to the pathophysiological progress of SLE pregnancies in a fetal sex-specific manner, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lin-Tao Sai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Tian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Colman I Freel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Jinan, China
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7
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Gastiazoro MP, Rossetti MF, Schumacher R, Stoker C, Durando M, Zierau O, Ramos JG, Varayoud J. Epigenetic disruption of placental genes by chronic maternal cafeteria diet in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Wei KL, Gao GL, Chou YT, Lin CY, Chen SC, Chen YL, Choi HQ, Cheng CC, Su JGJ. Sorafenib is an antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Toxicology 2022; 470:153118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Differential Distribution of Tryptophan-Metabolites in Fetal and Maternal Circulations During Normotensive and Preeclamptic Pregnancies. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1278-1286. [PMID: 34622427 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive pregnancy, which is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. L-Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid, which can be metabolized into various biologically active metabolites. However, the levels of many circulating Trp-metabolites in human normotensive pregnancies (NT) and PE are undetermined. This study quantified the levels of Trp-metabolites in maternal and umbilical vein sera from women with NT and PE. Paired maternal and umbilical blood samples were collected from singleton pregnant patients. Twenty-five Trp-metabolites were measured in serum samples using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of L-kynurenine (Kyn) and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), on function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were also determined. Twenty Trp-metabolites were detected. The levels of 9 Trp-metabolites including Kyn and ILA were higher (P < 0.05) in umbilical vein than maternal serum, whereas 2 (5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan and serotonin) were lower (P < 0.05) in umbilical vein compared to maternal serum. PE significantly (P < 0.05) elevated ILA levels in maternal and umbilical vein sera. Kyn dose-dependently decreased (P < 0.05) cell viability. Kyn and ILA dose- and time-dependently (P < 0.05) increased monolayer integrity in HUVECs. These data suggest that these Trp-metabolites are important in regulating endothelial function during pregnancy, and the elevated ILA in PE may antagonize increased endothelial permeability occurring in PE.
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Overexpressed Neuropilin-1 in Endothelial Cells Promotes Endothelial Permeability through Interaction with ANGPTL4 and VEGF in Kawasaki Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9914071. [PMID: 34434074 PMCID: PMC8380503 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9914071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted endothelial permeability plays a crucial role in the vasculitis pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD), which leads to pathological vascular leak and facilitates inflammatory cell infiltration in vascular lesions; however, the mechanisms involved in the development of endothelial barrier dysfunction during KD vasculitis are still largely unclear. Here, we found that sera from patients with KD can induce endothelial cell (EC) hyperpermeability compared to sera from healthy controls. We observed that serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were increased in KD patients and sera from KD patients upregulated the expression of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Intriguingly, compared with silence of VEGFR2 in HCAECs, NRP1 silence resulted in a marked decrease in EC permeability. Furthermore, soluble NRP1 (sNRP1) remarkably reduced the stimulation of EC permeability by sera from KD patients compared with bevacizumab treatment. Importantly, we showed that besides VEGF, angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4), a NRP1-binding vasoactive factor, was also increased in KD and contributed to the EC permeability in KD conditions. In addition, levels of both ANGPTL4 and VEGF were inversely correlated with albumin levels in the serum of KD patients. Collectively, the data demonstrated that overexpressed NRP1, along with upregulated VEGFR2, in HCAECs treated with KD sera promotes endothelial permeability via interaction with the increased ANGPTL4 and VEGF in KD. Neutralization of hyperpermeability factors by sNRP1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for KD vasculitis.
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11
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Chen CS, Gao GL, Ho DR, Lin CY, Chou YT, Chen SC, Huang MC, Kao WY, Su JGJ. Cyproterone acetate acts as a disruptor of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5457. [PMID: 33750846 PMCID: PMC7943802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major cause of death in males. Cyproterone acetate (CPA), the steroidal anti-androgen for part of androgen deprivation therapy, may block the androgen-receptor interaction and then reduce serum testosterone through its weak anti-gonadotropic action. In addition to CPA inducing hepatitis, CPA is known to cause liver tumors in rats also. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and regulates multiple physiological functions. CYP1A1 is an AhR-targeted gene. We found that CPA induced CYP1A1 expression, transcriptional activity of the aryl hydrocarbon response element (AHRE), and the nuclear localization of AhR in mouse Hepa-1c1c7 cells. However, CPA suppressed CYP1A1 mRNA expression and the transcriptional activity of AHRE in human HepG2 and MCF7 cells, and also decreased AhR ligand-induced CYP1A1 protein expression and transcriptional activity of AHRE in HepG2 cells. In summary, CPA is an AhR agonist in mouse cells, but an AhR antagonist in human cells. Accordingly, CPA potentially plays a role as an endocrine disruptor of the AhR. This study helps us to understand why CPA induces acute hepatitis, gene mutation, and many other side effects. In addition, it may trigger further studies investigating the relationships between CPA, glucocorticoid receptor and castration-resistant prostate cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Shou Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guan-Lun Gao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dong-Ru Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yi Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shan-Chun Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Cong Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Ya Kao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyan-Gwo Joseph Su
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC.
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Neutrophil-Derived Semaphorin 4D Induces Inflammatory Cytokine Production of Endothelial Cells via Different Plexin Receptors in Kawasaki Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:6663291. [PMID: 33381571 PMCID: PMC7759398 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6663291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of endothelial cells (ECs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions (CALs) in Kawasaki disease (KD). Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is the first semaphorin shown to have immunoregulatory functions by interacting with its receptors—plexin Bs. Recently, Sema4D has been reported to exert a proinflammatory effect on the endothelium and to be involved in cardiovascular disease. However, the role of Sema4D in KD remains unknown. This study was aimed at revealing the change of soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) in the serum of patients with KD and the effect of the sSema4D-plexin axis on the production of proinflammatory cytokines from human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) stimulated with sera from KD patients. Our results showed that serum sSema4D levels were specifically elevated in KD patients, especially in those with CALs, and correlated positively with disease severity and serum concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and IL-8. The disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17- (AMAM17-) mediated Sema4D shedding from neutrophils contributed to the elevation of sSema4D in the serum of KD patients. Furthermore, we found that Sema4D induced IL-1β production of HCAECs via plexin B2, whereas it promoted IL-6 and IL-8 production via plexin B1. Moreover, the expression of both plexin B1 and plexin B2 was upregulated in HCAECs treated with KD sera, and silencing of the two plexin receptors suppressed the overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in KD serum-treated HCAECs. Thus, our findings indicated that sSema4D released from neutrophils participates in the pathogenesis of KD-CALs by promoting inflammatory cytokine production of ECs via both plexin B1 and plexin B2, and Sema4D may be a novel predictor for KD-CALs and a candidate therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory strategies of KD.
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Li Y, Zhou C, Lei W, Wang K, Zheng J. Roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in endothelial angiogenic responses†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:927-937. [PMID: 32716482 PMCID: PMC7731988 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor, which can be activated by a plethora of structure-diverse ligands. Historically, AhR is known for its involvements in regulation of metabolism of xenobiotics. However, normal physiological roles of AhR have been defined in other essential biological processes, including vascular growth and function, reproduction, and immunoresponses. In contrast, aberrant expression and activation of the AhR signaling pathway occur in a variety of human diseases, many of which (e.g., preeclampsia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension) could be associated with endothelial dysfunction. Indeed, emerging evidence has shown that either exogenous or endogenous AhR ligands can induce endothelial dysfunction in either an AhR-dependent or AhR-independent manner, possibly reliant on the blood vessel origin (artery and vein) of endothelial cells. Given that the AhR signaling pathway has broad impacts on endothelial and cardiovascular function, AhR ligands, AhR, and their downstream genes could be considered novel therapeutic targets for those endothelial-related diseases. This review will discuss the current knowledge of AhR's mediation on endothelial function and potential mechanisms underlying these actions with a focus on placental endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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The role of Ca 2+/NFAT in Dysfunction and Inflammation of Human Coronary Endothelial Cells induced by Sera from patients with Kawasaki disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4706. [PMID: 32170198 PMCID: PMC7069934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (Ca2+/NFAT) signaling pathway may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD). We investigated the poorly understood Ca2+/NFAT regulation of coronary artery endothelial cells and consequent dysfunction in KD pathogenesis. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) stimulated with sera from patients with KD, compared with sera from healthy children, exhibited significant increases in proliferation and angiogenesis, higher levels of NFATc1 and NFATc3 and some inflammatory molecules, and increased nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and NFATc3. HCAECs stimulated with sera from patients with KD treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) showed decreased proliferation, angiogenesis, NFATc1 and inflammatory molecules levels as compared with results for untreated HCAECs. In conclusion, our data reveal that KD sera activate the Ca2+/NFAT in HCAECs, leading to dysfunction and inflammation of endothelial cells. CsA has cytoprotective effects by ameliorating endothelial cell homeostasis via Ca2+/NFAT.
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Ultrasensitivity dynamics of diverse aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators in a hepatoma cell line. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:635-647. [PMID: 30569404 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a nuclear receptor that facilitates a wide transcriptional response and causes a variety of adaptive and maladaptive physiological functions. Such functions are entirely dependent on the type of ligand activating it, and therefore, the nuances in the activation of this receptor at the single-cell level have become a research interest for different pharmacological and toxicological applications. Here, we investigate the activation of the AhR by diverse classes of compounds in a Hepa1c1c7-based murine hepatoma cell line. The exogenous compounds analyzed produced different levels of ultrasensitivity in AhR activation as measured by XRE-coupled EGFP production and analyzed by both flow cytometric and computational simulation techniques. Interestingly, simulation experiments reported herein were able to reproduce and quantitate the natural single-cell stochasticity inherent to mammalian cell lines as well as the ligand-specific differences in ultrasensitivity. Classical AhR modulators 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (10- 1-105 pM), PCB-126 (10- 1-107 pM), and benzo[a]pyrene (10- 1-107 pM) produced the greatest levels of single-cell ultrasensitivity and most maximal responses, while consumption-based ligands indole-3-carbinol (103-109 pM), 3,3'-diindolylmethane (103-108 pM), and cannabidiol (103-108 pM) caused low-level AhR activation in more purely graded single-cell fashions. All compounds were tested and analyzed over a 24 h period for consistency. The comparative quantitative results for each compound are presented within. This study aids in defining the disparity between different types of AhR modulators that produce distinctly different physiological outcomes. In addition, the simulation tool developed for this study can be used in future studies to predict the quantitative effects of diverse types of AhR ligands in the context of pharmacological therapies or toxicological concerns.
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Zou QY, Zhao YJ, Zhou C, Liu AX, Zhong XQ, Yan Q, Li Y, Yi FX, Bird IM, Zheng J. G Protein α Subunit 14 Mediates Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-Induced Cellular Responses in Human Endothelial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10184-10195. [PMID: 30387149 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, a tremendous increase in fetoplacental angiogenesis is associated with elevated blood flow. Aberrant fetoplacental vascular function may lead to pregnancy complications including pre-eclampsia. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) are crucial regulators of fetoplacental endothelial function. G protein α subunit 14 (GNA14), a member of Gαq/11 subfamily is involved in mediating hypertensive diseases and tumor vascularization. However, little is known about roles of GNA14 in mediating the FGF2- and VEGFA-induced fetoplacental endothelial function. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured under physiological chronic low oxygen (3% O2 ) as a cell model, we show that transfecting cells with adenovirus carrying GNA14 complementary DNA (cDNA; Ad-GNA14) increases (p < 0.05) protein expression of GNA14. GNA14 overexpression blocks (p < 0.05) FGF2-stimulated endothelial migration, whereas it enhances (p < 0.05) endothelial monolayer integrity (maximum increase of ~35% over the control at 24 hr) in response to FGF2. In contrast, GNA14 overexpression does not significantly alter VEGFA-stimulated cell migration, VEGFA-weakened cell monolayer integrity, and intracellular Ca++ mobilization in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), FGF2, and VEGFA. GNA14 overexpression does not alter either FGF2- or VEGFA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. However, GNA14 overexpression time-dependently elevates (p < 0.05) phosphorylation of phospholipase C-β3 (PLCβ3) at S1105 in response to FGF2, but not VEGFA. These data suggest that GNA14 distinctively mediates fetoplacental endothelial cell migration and permeability in response to FGF2 and VEGFA, possibly in part by altering activation of PLCβ3 under physiological chronic low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ai-Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Fu-Xian Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ian M Bird
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Zou Q, Zhao Y, Li H, Wang X, Liu A, Zhong X, Yan Q, Li Y, Zhou C, Zheng J. GNA11 differentially mediates fibroblast growth factor 2- and vascular endothelial growth factor A-induced cellular responses in human fetoplacental endothelial cells. J Physiol 2018; 596:2333-2344. [PMID: 29659033 PMCID: PMC6002203 DOI: 10.1113/jp275677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fetoplacental vascular growth is critical to fetal growth. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) are two major regulators of fetoplacental vascular growth. G protein α subunit 11 (GNA11) transmits signals from many external stimuli to the cellular interior and may mediate endothelial function. It is not known whether GNA11 mediates FGF2- and VEGFA-induced endothelial cell responses under physiological chronic low O2 . In the present study, we show that knockdown of GNA11 significantly decreases FGF2- and VEGFA-induced fetoplacental endothelial cell migration but not proliferation and permeability. Such decreases in endothelial migration are associated with increased phosphorylation of phospholipase C-β3. The results of the present study suggest differential roles of GNA11 with respect to mediating FGF2- and VEGFA-induced fetoplacental endothelial function. ABSTRACT During pregnancy, fetoplacental angiogenesis is dramatically increased in association with rapidly elevated blood flow. Any disruption of fetoplacental angiogenesis may lead to pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) are crucial regulators of fetoplacental angiogenesis. G protein α subunits q (GNAq) and 11 (GNA11) are two members of the Gαq/11 subfamily involved in mediating vascular growth and basal blood pressure. However, little is known about the roles of GNA11 alone with respect to mediating the FGF2- and VEGFA-induced fetoplacental endothelial function. Using a cell model of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells cultured under physiological chronic low O2 (3% O2 ), we showed that GNA11 small interfering RNA (siRNA) dramatically inhibited (P < 0.05) FGF2- and VEGFA-stimulated fetoplacental endothelial migration (by ∼36% and ∼50%, respectively) but not proliferation and permeability. GNA11 siRNA also elevated (P < 0.05) FGF2- and VEGFA-induced phosphorylation of phospholipase C-β3 (PLCβ3) at S537 in a time-dependent fashion but not mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 (ERK1/2) and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1 (AKT1). These data suggest that GNA11 mediates FGF2- and VEGFA-stimulated fetoplacental endothelial cell migration partially via altering the activation of PLCβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐yun Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Ying‐jie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Xiang‐zhen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanshan District Maternal and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ai‐xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Reproductive EndocrinologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xin‐qi Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Pediatrics3rd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Cardiovascular Medicine CenterAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
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