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Verdú D, Valls A, Díaz A, Carretero A, Dromant M, Kuligowski J, Serna E, Viña J. Pomegranate Extract Administration Reverses Loss of Motor Coordination and Prevents Oxidative Stress in Cerebellum of Aging Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1991. [PMID: 38001844 PMCID: PMC10669012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is responsible for complex motor functions, like maintaining balance and stance, coordination of voluntary movements, motor learning, and cognitive tasks. During aging, most of these functions deteriorate, which results in falls and accidents. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of a standardized pomegranate extract during four months of supplementation in elderly mice to prevent frailty and improve the oxidative state. Male C57Bl/6J eighteen-month-old mice were evaluated for frailty using the "Valencia Score" at pre-supplementation and post-supplementation periods. We analyzed lipid peroxidation in the cerebellum and brain cortex and the glutathione redox status in peripheral blood. In addition, a set of aging-related genes in cerebellum and apoptosis biomarkers was measured via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that pomegranate extract supplementation improved the motor skills of C57Bl/6J aged mice in motor coordination, neuromuscular function, and monthly weight loss, but no changes in grip strength and endurance were found. Furthermore, pomegranate extract reversed the increase in malondialdehyde due to aging in the cerebellum and increased the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in the blood. Finally, aging and apoptosis biomarkers improved in aged mice supplemented with pomegranate extract in the cerebellum but not in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Verdú
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Valls
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Díaz
- Central Unit for Research in Medicine (UCIM), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitor Carretero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Dromant
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Guerra-Ojeda S, Suarez A, Valls A, Verdú D, Pereda J, Ortiz-Zapater E, Carretero J, Mauricio MD, Serna E. The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Endothelium: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13537. [PMID: 37686342 PMCID: PMC10488274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been shown to be important in physiological processes other than detoxification, including vascular homeostasis. Although AhR is highly expressed in the endothelium, its function has been poorly studied. This systematic review aims to summarise current knowledge on the AhR role in the endothelium and its cardiovascular implications. We focus on endogenous AhR agonists, such as some uremic toxins and other agonists unrelated to environmental pollutants, as well as studies using AhR knockout models. We conclude that AhR activation leads to vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and that blocking AhR signalling could provide a new target for the treatment of vascular disorders such as cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Andrea Suarez
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alicia Valls
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - David Verdú
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria D. Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.S.); (A.V.); (D.V.); (J.P.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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De la Fuente-Muñoz M, De la Fuente-Fernández M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, García-Laínez G, Llopis S, Martorell P, Verdú D, Serna E, García-Villalón ÁL, Guilera SI, Inarejos-García AM, Granado M. Supplementation with a New Standardized Extract of Green and Black Tea Exerts Antiadipogenic Effects and Prevents Insulin Resistance in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108521. [PMID: 37239868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the main cause of the development of type II diabetes. The high prevalence of this syndrome in recent decades has made it necessary to search for preventive and therapeutic agents, ideally of natural origin, with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Tea is widely known for its medicinal properties, including beneficial effects on weight management and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a standardized extract of green and black tea (ADM® Complex Tea Extract (CTE)) prevents the development of insulin resistance in mice with MetS. For this purpose, C57BL6/J mice were fed for 20 weeks with a standard diet (Chow), a diet with 56% kcal from fat and sugar (HFHS) or an HFHS diet supplemented with 1.6% CTE. CTE supplementation reduced body weight gain, adiposity and circulating leptin levels. Likewise, CTE also exerted lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultures and in the C. elegans model. Regarding insulin resistance, CTE supplementation significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentrations and reduced the circulating levels of insulin and the HOMA-IR. Incubation of liver, gastrocnemius muscle and retroperitoneal adipose tissue explants with insulin increased the pAkt/Akt ratio in mice fed with Chow and HFHS + CTE but not in those fed only with HFHS. The greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in response to insulin in mice supplemented with CTE was associated with a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory markers Mcp-1, IL-6, IL-1β or Tnf-α and with an overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes Sod-1, Gpx-3, Ho-1 and Gsr in these tissues. Moreover, in skeletal muscle, mice treated with CTE showed increased mRNA levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), Arnt and Nrf2, suggesting that the CTE's insulin-sensitizing effects could be the result of the activation of this pathway. In conclusion, supplementation with the standardized extract of green and black tea CTE reduces body weight gain, exerts lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects and reduces insulin resistance in mice with MetS through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario De la Fuente-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo García-Laínez
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - David Verdú
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel L García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia I Guilera
- R&D Department of Functional Extracts, ADM® Valencia, 46740 Carcaixent, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Serna E, Mauricio MD, San-Miguel T, Guerra-Ojeda S, Verdú D, Valls A, Arc-Chagnaud C, De la Rosa A, Viña J. Glucose 6-P Dehydrogenase Overexpression Improves Aging-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Aorta from Mice: Role of Arginase II. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043622. [PMID: 36835034 PMCID: PMC9961129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of vascular arginase activity during aging causes endothelial dysfunction. This enzyme competes with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) for L-arginine substrate. Our hypothesis is that glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) overexpression could improve the endothelial function modulating the arginase pathway in aorta from mice. For this study, three groups of male mice were used: young wild type (WT) (6-9 months), old WT (21-22 months) and old G6PD-Tg (21-22 months) mice. Vascular reactivity results showed a reduced acetylcholine-dependent relaxation in the old WT but not old G6PD-Tg group. Endothelial dysfunction was reverted by nor-NOHA, an arginase inhibitor. Mice overexpressing G6PD underexpressed arginase II and also displayed a lower activity of this enzyme. Moreover, histological analyses demonstrated that age causes a thickness of aortic walls, but this did not occur in G6PD-Tg mice. We conclude that the overexpressing G6PD mouse is a model to improve vascular health via the arginase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria D Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa San-Miguel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Verdú
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Valls
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián De la Rosa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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