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López-Silva P, de Prado-Gordillo MN, Fernández-Castro V. What are delusions? Examining the typology problem. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 2024; 15:e1674. [PMID: 38183411 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Delusions are a heterogenous transdiagnostic phenomenon with a higher prevalence in schizophrenia. One of the most fundamental debates surrounding the philosophical understanding of delusions concerns the question about the type of mental state in which reports that we label as delusional are grounded, namely, the typology problem. The formulation of potential answers for this problem seems to have important repercussions for experimental research in clinical psychiatry and the development of psychotherapeutic tools for the treatment of delusions in clinical psychology. Problematically, such alternatives are scattered in the literature, making it difficult to follow the current development and state of the target discussion. This paper offers an updated critical examination of the alternatives to the typology problem currently available in the literature. After clarifying the two main philosophical views underlying the dominant formulation of the debate (interpretivism and functionalism), we follow the usual distinction between doxastic (the idea that delusions are a type of belief) and anti-doxastic views. We then introduce two new sub-distinctions; on the doxastic camp, we distinguish between revisionist and non-revisionist proposals; on the anti-doxastic camp, we distinguish between commonsensical and non-commonsensical anti-doxasticisms. After analyzing the main claims of each view, we conclude with some of the most fundamental challenges that remain open within the discussion. This article is categorized under: Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science Philosophy > Consciousness Philosophy > Psychological Capacities Neuroscience > Cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo López-Silva
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad - MIDAP, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Institute of Complex Systems of Valparaíso, Chile, Valparaíso, Chile
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2
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Fernández-Soto D, Bueno P, Garaigorta U, Gastaminza P, Bueno JL, Duarte RF, Jara R, Valés-Gómez M, Reyburn HT. SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein-specific antibodies from critically ill SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals interact with Fc receptor-expressing cells but do not neutralize the virus. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:985-991. [PMID: 38245016 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The membrane (M) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the key viral proteins regulating virion assembly and morphogenesis. Immunologically, the M protein is a major source of peptide antigens driving T cell responses, and most individuals who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 make antibodies to the N-terminal, surface-exposed peptide of the M protein. We now report that although the M protein is abundant in the viral particle, antibodies to the surface-exposed N-terminal epitope of M do not appear to neutralize the virus. M protein-specific antibodies do, however, activate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion by primary human natural killer cells. Interestingly, while patients with severe or mild disease make comparable levels of M antigen-binding antibodies, M-specific antibodies from the serum of critically ill patients are significantly more potent activators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity than antibodies found in individuals with mild or asymptomatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernández-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C. Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Paula Bueno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C. Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Urtzi Garaigorta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C. Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C. Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José L Bueno
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C. Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael F Duarte
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C. Joaquín Rodrigo 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Jara
- Immunostep, S.L., Centro Investigación del Cáncer, Avda. Universidad de Coimbra, s/n, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C. Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C. Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Bellot A, Muñoz-Rivas MJ, Botella J, Montorio I. Factors Associated with Revictimization in Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:103. [PMID: 38392456 PMCID: PMC10886246 DOI: 10.3390/bs14020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study conducted a meta-analysis to identify the primary risk and protective factors associated with the revictimization in intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). Out of 2382 studies initially identified in eight databases, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria and provided the necessary data for calculating pooled effect sizes. The analysis focused on non-manipulative quantitative studies examining revictimization in heterosexual women of legal age. Separate statistical analyses were performed for prospective and retrospective studies, resulting in findings related to 14 variables. The Metafor package in RStudio was used with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis revealed that childhood abuse was the most strongly associated risk factor for revictimization, while belonging to a white ethnicity was the most prominent protective factor. Other significant risk factors included alcohol and drug use, recent physical violence, severity of violence, and PTSD symptomatology. The study also found that older age was a protective factor in prospective studies. The consistency of results across different study designs and sensitivity analyses further supported the robustness of the findings. It is important to note that the existing literature on revictimization in women facing intimate partner violence is limited and exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of methodology and conceptual frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bellot
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Botella
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Montorio
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Waagaard L, Herraiz-Adillo Á, Ahlqvist VH, Higueras-Fresnillo S, Berglind D, Wennberg P, Daka B, Lenander C, Sundström J, Östgren CJ, Rådholm K, Henriksson P. Body mass index and weight gain in pregnancy and cardiovascular health in middle age: A cohort study. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 38149523 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and gestational weight gain (GWG) with cardiovascular health in middle age using the 'Life's Essential 8' (LE8) concept of the American Heart Association (AHA). DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). POPULATION A total of 8871 women from SCAPIS were included. METHODS Information on cardiovascular health in middle age was collected from SCAPIS and linked to pregnancy weight data obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, with an average follow-up time of 24.5 years. An LE8 score between 0 and 100 was determined, where a score under 60 points was defined as poor cardiovascular health. Binary logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiovascular health according to LE8 in middle age. RESULTS The odds of having poor cardiovascular health in middle age were significantly higher in women who had overweight (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 3.30, 95% CI 2.82-3.88) or obesity (aOR 7.63, 95% CI 5.86-9.94), compared with women classified as being of normal weight in pregnancy. Higher odds were also found for excessive GWG (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09-1.57), compared with women who gained weight within the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS A high BMI in early pregnancy and excessive GWG were associated with greater odds of poor cardiovascular health in middle age. Although further studies are needed, our results highlight pregnancy as an important period to support long-term cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Waagaard
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ángel Herraiz-Adillo
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Viktor H Ahlqvist
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Higueras-Fresnillo
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department Physical Education, Sport and Human Motricity, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Berglind
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Wellbeing, Welfare and Happiness, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bledar Daka
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lenander
- Department for Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Rådholm
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Trigo-López M, Miguel Á, García JM, Mendía A, Ruiz V, Valente AJM, Vallejos S. Crafting and Analyzing Multi-Structured Aramid Materials and Their Pyrolytic Transformations: A Comprehensive Exploration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4315. [PMID: 37959995 PMCID: PMC10648009 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradient porous materials, particularly carbon-based materials, hold immense potential in the fields of batteries, energy storage, electrocatalysis, and sensing, among others, by synergistically combining the attributes associated with each pore size within a unified structural framework. In this study, we developed a gradient porous aramid (GP-Aramid) by incorporating cellulose acetate as a porosity promoter in the polymer casting solution in different proportions. These GP-Aramids were subsequently transformed into their pyrolyzed counterparts (GP-Pyramids), retaining their original structures while displaying diverse cellular or dense microstructures inherited from the parent aramid, as confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction spectra provided evidence of the conversion of aramids into carbonaceous materials. The materials showed structural defects observed through the intensity ratio of the G and D bands (ID/IG = 1.05) in the Raman spectra, while X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) revealed that the carbonization process yielded pyrolyzed carbon materials unusually rich in nitrogen (6%), oxygen (20%), and carbon (72%), which is especially relevant for catalysis applications. The pyrolyzed materials showed bulk resistivities from 5.3 ± 0.3 to 34.2 ± 0.6 depending on the meta- or para-orientation of the aramid and the porous structure. This work contributes to understanding these gradient porous aromatic polyamides' broader significance and potential applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Trigo-López
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Álvaro Miguel
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.M.G.); (A.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Einstein 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. García
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Aránzazu Mendía
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.M.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Virginia Ruiz
- ProElectro, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Artur J. M. Valente
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Saúl Vallejos
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (Á.M.); (J.M.G.); (A.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Villapalos-García G, Zubiaur P, Marián-Revilla C, Soria-Chacartegui P, Navares-Gómez M, Mejía-Abril G, Rodríguez-Lopez A, González-Iglesias E, Martín-Vílchez S, Román M, Ochoa D, Abad-Santos F. Food Administration and Not Genetic Variants Causes Pharmacokinetic Variability of Tadalafil and Finasteride. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1566. [PMID: 38003881 PMCID: PMC10672114 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tadalafil and finasteride are used in combination for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Genetic variations in genes involved in the metabolism and transport of tadalafil or finasteride (i.e., pharmacogenes) could affect their pharmacokinetic processes altering their drug exposure, efficacy, and toxicity. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of variants in pharmacogenes on the pharmacokinetics of tadalafil and finasteride. An exploratory candidate gene study involving 120 variants in 33 genes was performed with 66 male healthy volunteers from two bioequivalence clinical trials after administration of tadalafil/finasteride 5 mg/5 mg under fed or fasting conditions. Afterwards, a confirmatory study was conducted with 189 male and female volunteers receiving tadalafil 20 mg formulations in seven additional bioequivalence clinical trials. Regarding tadalafil, fed volunteers showed higher area in the time-concentration curve (AUC∞), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to reach Cmax (tmax) compared to fasting volunteers; male volunteers also showed higher AUC∞ and Cmax compared to female volunteers. Furthermore, fed volunteers presented higher finasteride AUC∞, Cmax and tmax compared to fasting individuals. Variants in ABCC3, CYP1A2, CES1, NUDT15, SLC22A1/A2 and UGT2B10 were nominally associated with pharmacokinetic variation in tadalafil and/or finasteride but did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Genetic variation did not demonstrate to clinically impact on the pharmacokinetics of finasteride and tadalafil; however, additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to assess the effect of rare variants, such as CYP3A4*20 or *22, on tadalafil and finasteride pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Villapalos-García
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Pablo Zubiaur
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Cristina Marián-Revilla
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Paula Soria-Chacartegui
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Marcos Navares-Gómez
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Gina Mejía-Abril
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Lopez
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Eva González-Iglesias
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Samuel Martín-Vílchez
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Manuel Román
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Dolores Ochoa
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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De la Fuente-Muñoz M, De la Fuente-Fernández M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, García-Laínez G, Llopis S, Martorell P, Verdú D, Serna E, García-Villalón ÁL, Guilera SI, Inarejos-García AM, Granado M. Supplementation with a New Standardized Extract of Green and Black Tea Exerts Antiadipogenic Effects and Prevents Insulin Resistance in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108521. [PMID: 37239868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the main cause of the development of type II diabetes. The high prevalence of this syndrome in recent decades has made it necessary to search for preventive and therapeutic agents, ideally of natural origin, with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Tea is widely known for its medicinal properties, including beneficial effects on weight management and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a standardized extract of green and black tea (ADM® Complex Tea Extract (CTE)) prevents the development of insulin resistance in mice with MetS. For this purpose, C57BL6/J mice were fed for 20 weeks with a standard diet (Chow), a diet with 56% kcal from fat and sugar (HFHS) or an HFHS diet supplemented with 1.6% CTE. CTE supplementation reduced body weight gain, adiposity and circulating leptin levels. Likewise, CTE also exerted lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultures and in the C. elegans model. Regarding insulin resistance, CTE supplementation significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentrations and reduced the circulating levels of insulin and the HOMA-IR. Incubation of liver, gastrocnemius muscle and retroperitoneal adipose tissue explants with insulin increased the pAkt/Akt ratio in mice fed with Chow and HFHS + CTE but not in those fed only with HFHS. The greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in response to insulin in mice supplemented with CTE was associated with a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory markers Mcp-1, IL-6, IL-1β or Tnf-α and with an overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes Sod-1, Gpx-3, Ho-1 and Gsr in these tissues. Moreover, in skeletal muscle, mice treated with CTE showed increased mRNA levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), Arnt and Nrf2, suggesting that the CTE's insulin-sensitizing effects could be the result of the activation of this pathway. In conclusion, supplementation with the standardized extract of green and black tea CTE reduces body weight gain, exerts lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects and reduces insulin resistance in mice with MetS through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario De la Fuente-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo García-Laínez
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - David Verdú
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel L García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia I Guilera
- R&D Department of Functional Extracts, ADM® Valencia, 46740 Carcaixent, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Hernandez-Hernandez O, Julio-Gonzalez LC, Doyagüez EG, Gutiérrez TJ. Potentially Health-Promoting Spaghetti-Type Pastas Based on Doubly Modified Corn Starch: Starch Oxidation via Wet Chemistry Followed by Organocatalytic Butyrylation Using Reactive Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071704. [PMID: 37050319 PMCID: PMC10097208 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extruded spaghetti-type pasta systems were obtained separately either from native or oxidized starch prepared via wet chemistry with the aim of evaluating the effect of oxidation modification of starch. In addition to this, the butyrylation reaction (butyrate (Bu) esterification-short-chain fatty acid) using native or oxidized starch was analyzed under reactive extrusion (REx) conditions with and without the addition of a green food-grade organocatalyst (l(+)-tartaric acid) with the purpose of developing potentially health-promoting spaghetti-type pasta systems in terms of increasing its resistant starch (RS) values. These would be due to obtaining organocatalytic butyrylated starch or not, or the manufacture of a doubly modified starch (oxidized-butyrylated-starch oxidation followed by organocatalytic butyrylation) or not. To this end, six pasta systems were developed and characterized by solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP MAS NMR) spectroscopy, degree of substitution (DS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pancreatic digestion, free Bu content analysis and in vitro starch digestibility. The results obtained here suggest that starch oxidation hydrolytically degrades starch chains, making them more susceptible to enzymatic degradation by α-amylase. However, the oxidized starch-based pasta systems, once esterified by Bu mainly on the amylose molecules (doubly modified pasta systems) increased their RS values, and this was more pronounced with the addition of the organocatalyst (maximum RS value = ~8%). Interestingly, despite the checked chemical changes that took place on the molecular structure of starch upon butyrylation or oxidation reactions in corn starch-based spaghetti-type pasta systems, and their incidence on starch digestibility, the orthorhombic crystalline structure (A-type starch) of starch remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa G Doyagüez
- Centro de Química Orgánica "Lora Tamayo" (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomy J Gutiérrez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7608FLC, Argentina
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Moreno-Jiménez JE, Blanco-Donoso LM, Demerouti E, Belda Hofheinz S, Chico-Fernández M, Moreno-Jiménez B, Garrosa E. The Role of Healthcare Professionals' Passion in Predicting Secondary Traumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in the Face of COVID-19: A Longitudinal Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4453. [PMID: 33922232 PMCID: PMC8122734 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has increased the likelihood of healthcare professionals suffering from Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS). However, the difficulty of this crisis may lead these professionals to display personal resources, such as harmonious passion, that could be involved in posttraumatic growth. The goal of this study is to examine the STS and posttraumatic growth among healthcare professionals and the demands and resources related to COVID-19. A longitudinal study was carried out in April 2020 (T1) and December 2020 (T2). The participants were 172 health professionals from different health institutions and they reported their workload, fear of contagion, lack of staff and personal protection equipment (PPE), harmonious passion, STS and posttraumatic growth. The results revealed that workload and fear of contagion in T2 were positive predictors for STS, whereas harmonious passion was a negative predictor. Fear of contagion of both times seemed to positively predict posttraumatic growth, as well as harmonious passion. One moderation effect was found concerning the lack of staff/PPE, as posttraumatic growth was higher when the workload was high, especially in those with a high lack of staff/PPE. All in all, these findings pointed out the need for preventative measures to protect these professionals from long-term negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Moreno-Jiménez
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-D.); (B.M.-J.); (E.G.)
| | - Luis Manuel Blanco-Donoso
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-D.); (B.M.-J.); (E.G.)
| | - Evangelia Demerouti
- Human Performance Management Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Sylvia Belda Hofheinz
- Intensive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.B.H.); (M.C.-F.)
| | - Mario Chico-Fernández
- Intensive Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (S.B.H.); (M.C.-F.)
| | - Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-D.); (B.M.-J.); (E.G.)
| | - Eva Garrosa
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.B.-D.); (B.M.-J.); (E.G.)
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