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Yamamura M, Sawano T, Ozaki A, Zhao T, Yamamoto C, Montesino S, Kawashima M, Uchi Y, Yoshimura H, Kitazawa K, Marui H, Tsubokura M. Case Report: Difficulties faced by a home oxygen therapy patient who died after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1394376. [PMID: 39081351 PMCID: PMC11286418 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1394376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011, mandatory evacuation orders were issued to residents living near the nuclear power plant in Fukushima prefecture, including some patients receiving home oxygen therapy. Although the vulnerability of patients with home oxygen therapy (one of the population groups most vulnerable to disasters) has been noted, there is little information on the health effects of evacuation in the event of a radiation disaster. A 90-year-old man diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease since the age of 70, and lived in a town located approximately 20 km south of the nuclear power plant, died 8 months after the disaster due to worsening health conditions. This case reveals the potential for both physical and psychological burdens experienced by vulnerable groups like patients undergoing home oxygen therapy during evacuations in times of disaster. Although it is only a case report and the information is limited, severe respiratory distress requiring home oxygen therapy may present a significant risk factor for disaster-related deaths, especially in cases where evacuations are prolonged, such as in nuclear disasters. Due to the challenge of obtaining prompt public support immediately after a disaster, home oxygen therapy patients may need to prioritize self-help and mutual assistance in their disaster preparedness efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Yamamura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Sawano
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Breast and Thyroid Center, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuna Uchi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kemmei Kitazawa
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Marui
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Center for Community Health, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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Mohd Razib NF, Ismail H, Ibrahim R, Isa ZM. Factors related with lung functions among Orang Asli in Tasik Chini, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1791. [PMID: 38970028 PMCID: PMC11225401 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orang Asli lifestyle and household setting may influence their health status especially respiratory system and lung functions. This cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the status of lung functions of Orang Asli community and the associated factors. METHODS Data collection was carried out from November 2017 until May 2018 among 211 Orang Asli respondents aged 18 years old and above, who lived in five villages in Tasik Chini, Pahang. All respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Interview-guided questionnaire was administered, and spirometry test that include Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. In the first stage, descriptive analysis was done to describe the characteristics of the respondents. In the second stage, bivariable analysis was carried out to compare proportions. Finally, multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of various independent predictors on spirometry parameters. RESULTS The respondents' age ranged from 18 to 71 years old in which 50.2% of them were female. The majority ethnicity in Tasik Chini was Jakun tribe (94.3%). More than half of the respondents (52.1%) were current smoker, 5.2% were ex-smoker and 41.7% were non-smoker. More than half of them (62.1%) used woodstove for cooking, compared to only 37.9% used cleaner fuel like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a fuel for everyday cooking activity. The lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC) were lower than the predictive value, whereas the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second and Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (%) and PEFR were within the predictive value. The FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group (18-39 years old) (p = 0.002) and presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004). FVC levels were significantly associated with presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004), whereas there were no significant associations between all factors and FEV1/FVC levels. CONCLUSIONS FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group 18-39 years old, whereas FVC levels were significantly associated with the presence of woodstove in the house. Thus, environmental interventions such as replacing the use of woodstove with LPG, need to be carried out to prevent further worsening of respiratory health among Orang Asli who lived far from health facilities. Moreover, closer health monitoring is crucial especially among the younger and productive age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fadhilah Mohd Razib
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Halim Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Roszita Ibrahim
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
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Hua CL, Patel S, Thomas KS, Peterson LJ, Andel R, Gordon L, Jester DJ, Dosa DM. The relationship between exposure to Hurricane Harvey and mortality among nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:888-894. [PMID: 36541058 PMCID: PMC10023296 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing home (NH) residents are vulnerable to mortality after natural disasters. We examined NH residents' excess all-cause mortality associated with Hurricane Harvey, a unique disaster with long-lasting flooding effects. We also explored how mortality differed between short-stay and long-stay residents and by chronic conditions. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study of Texas NH residents, comparing 30- and 90-day mortality among residents exposed to Hurricane Harvey in August 2017 to residents not exposed in the same location and time period during the previous 2 years. Data came from the Minimum Data Set Assessments and the Medicare Beneficiary Summary File. We used linear probability models to examine the association between hurricane exposure and mortality, adjusting for resident demographics, clinical acuity, and NH fixed effects. Models were stratified by short-stay and long-stay status. We also described differences in mortality by residents' chronic conditions. RESULTS In 2017, 18,479 Texas NH residents were exposed to Hurricane Harvey. Exposure to Hurricane Harvey was not significantly associated with 30-day mortality. However, 7.6% (95% CI: 7.2, 7.9) of long-stay residents died 90 days after exposure to Harvey, compared to 6.3% (95% CI: 6.0, 6.7) during 2015. Apparently, this effect was driven by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as approximately 9.2% of these residents died within 90 days after Harvey landing compared to 7.2% in 2015 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hurricane exposure appears to have significant consequences for mortality among long-stay NH residents, which appear to materialize over the long-term (90 days post-hurricane in our study) and may not be apparent immediately (30 days post-hurricane in our study). NH residents with COPD may be particularly vulnerable to increased mortality risk following hurricane exposure. The results highlight the need to pay special attention to mortality risk in NH residents, particularly those with COPD, following hurricane exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Hua
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sweta Patel
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kali S. Thomas
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Ross Andel
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University
| | - Lily Gordon
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Dylan J. Jester
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David M. Dosa
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Andrade EL, Cordova A, Schagen CRV, Jula M, Rodriguez-Diaz CE, Rivera MI, Santos-Burgoa C. The impact of Hurricane Maria on individuals living with non-communicable disease in Puerto Rico: the experience of 10 communities. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2083. [PMCID: PMC9664670 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coinciding with the rising non-communicable disease (NCD) prevalence worldwide is the increasing frequency and severity of natural hazards. Protecting populations with NCDs against natural hazards is ever more pressing given their increased risk of morbidity and mortality in disaster contexts. This investigation examined Hurricane Maria’s impacts across ten lower SES municipalities in Puerto Rico with varying community characteristics and hurricane impacts to understand experiences of supporting individuals with NCD management in the six-month period following the hurricane.
Methods
We conducted 40 qualitative interviews with mayors, first responders, faith leaders, community leaders, and municipal employees from 10 municipalities in Puerto Rico. Using QSR NVivo software, we deductively and inductively coded interview transcripts and undertook thematic analysis to characterize community-level hurricane impact and consequences for NCD management, and to identify convergent and divergent themes.
Results
Damages to infrastructure, including healthcare facilities and roadways, complicated the provision of timely health care for NCDs, patient transport, and pharmaceutical/medical supply chain continuity. Lengthy power outages at both healthcare facilities and private residences were barriers to healthcare service delivery, use of medical equipment, and storage of prescription medications with refrigeration, and led to a widespread mental health crisis. Cascading failures such as fuel shortages further compounded these challenges. The consequences of these impacts included the reported exacerbation of health conditions and loss of life among NCD patients.
Conclusions
Study findings identify contributors to morbidity and mortality among individuals with NCDs following Hurricane Maria. With the growing frequency of catastrophic disasters from natural hazards, the experiences of communities that endured these impacts offer important lessons regarding policies and practices to better support community disaster resilience and address the evolving preparedness needs of NCD patients.
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Can Homecare Chronic Respiratory Disease Patients with Home Oxygen Treatment (HOT) in Southern Okinawa, Japan Be Evacuated Ahead of the Next Anticipated Tsunami? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095647. [PMID: 35565042 PMCID: PMC9103670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An earthquake with a magnitude of 8 or 9 is predicted to occur near the Ryukyu Islands in Japan, for which the Okinawa Prefecture is preparing countermeasures. Evacuating people to a safe shelter within the tsunami arrival time is a crucial countermeasure. This study aims to understand the vulnerabilities of patients with chronic respiratory diseases in southern parts of Okinawa during a tsunami evacuation, thereby calculating evacuation distance of vulnerable patients and creating individual evacuation plans. Data for chronic respiratory patients obtained in July 2021 from the hospitals in Okinawa Prefecture include age, gender, diagnosis, residence, nearest tsunami shelter, oxygen flow at rest and walking, and maximum walking distance for 6 min based on a 6-min walk test. A quantum geographic information system was used for mapping the data. The survival potential of patients with chronic respiratory disease was evaluated by using a tsunami inundation depth of one meter and the distance within which an evacuation can be performed until the first tsunami wave reaches the nearest evacuation shelter. Results revealed a low survival potential for respiratory disease patients under the current tsunami evacuation plan. The study suggests creating an individual evacuation plan for vulnerable patients involving families and medical staff and then conducting a drill for improving the plan.
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Medical Problems and Concerns with Temporary Evacuation Shelters after Great Earthquake Disasters in Japan: A Systematic Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1645-1652. [PMID: 34103106 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Japan has repeatedly suffered from natural disasters. A number of temporary evacuation shelters have been opened for the benefit of evacuees. Although the operation of such evacuation shelters has improved after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1995), a number of operational difficulties were encountered during the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the medical concerns encountered in temporary evacuation shelters by focusing on unsanitary environment, food and nutrition, and shortage of medication. Actual sanitary conditions have been found to be below the standards stipulated by the Japanese government as per international guidelines. Food aid in evacuation shelters was neither nutritionally balanced, nor was the distribution to different shelters balanced. Furthermore, evacuees with chronic diseases feared that there may be a shortage of medication. Crowding in evacuation shelters increased the risk of outbreaks of infectious diseases (e.g., tuberculosis). Malnutrition and shortage of medication exacerbated the risk of deterioration of chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension) among evacuees. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare professionals should be promptly deployed to evacuation shelters, to promote sanitary control and education, as well as address limited space availability, and food and medication shortage.
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Ghazanchaei E, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Mohebbi I. Identifying and Describing Impact of Disasters on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:1143-1155. [PMID: 34540735 PMCID: PMC8410956 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i6.6413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with non-communicable diseases are vulnerable to disasters. This is a systematic review describing the impact of disasters on non-communicable diseases. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA standards. Relevant articles published from 1997 to 2019 collected by searching the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, databases. We specifically examined reports describing NCDs and including the key words "non-communicable disease and Disasters". NCDs included cardiovascular, respiratory, diabetes, cancer and mental health diseases. RESULTS Of the 663 studies identified, only 48 articles met all the eligibility criteria. Most studies have shown the impact of all natural disasters on non-communicable diseases (39.8% n=19). The largest study was the effect of earthquakes on non-communicable diseases (29.2% n=14). For the NCDs targeted by this research, most of the included studies were a combination of four diseases: cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, diabetes and cancer (44% n=21). Followed by cardiovascular disease (14.6% n=7), chronic respiratory disease (12.5% n=6), diabetes and cancer (6.2% n=3) and mental health (12.5% n=6). CONCLUSION The incidence of disasters affects the management of treatment and care for patients with NCDs. Specific measures include a multi-part approach to ensuring that patients with non-communicable diseases have access to life-saving services during and after disasters. The approach of the health system should be expanded from traditional approaches to disasters and requires comprehensive planning of health care by policy makers and health professionals to develop effective strategies to enable patients to access medical, therapeutic and diagnostic services in natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghazanchaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Aghazadeh-Attari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohebbi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Identifying and Filling Unanticipated Critical Gaps in Care. Chest 2021; 158:2241-2242. [PMID: 33280734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Establishing the Status of Patients With Non-Communicable Diseases in Disaster: A Systematic Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:783-790. [PMID: 33583461 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with NCDs are particularly vulnerable to disasters. This research systematically reviewed reports describing studies on the status of patients with NCDs before, during and after disasters. METHOD Relevant articles published from 1997 to 2019 were collected by searching the Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct databases. We specifically examined reports describing NCDs and including the key words 'Non-Communicable Disease and Disasters.' NCDs include cardiovascular, respiratory, diabetes and cancer diseases. RESULTS The review identified 42 relevant articles. Most of the included studies were found to have described the conditions of patients with NCDs after disasters - 14 (13.3%), during disasters - 11 (26.2%), before disasters - 6 (14.3%), within all stages of disasters: before, during and after - 6 (14.3%), only during and after disasters - 4 (9.5%), and includes before and during disasters - 1 (2.4%). CONCLUSION NCDs pose major health issues in disasters. Development of strong counter measures against the interruption of treatment, as well as surveillance systems to ascertain medical needs for NCDs are necessary as preparation for future disasters.
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Zhang W, Sheridan SC, Birkhead GS, Croft DP, Brotzge JA, Justino JG, Stuart NA, Du Z, Romeiko XX, Ye B, Dong G, Hao Y, Lin S. Power Outage: An Ignored Risk Factor for COPD Exacerbations. Chest 2020; 158:2346-2357. [PMID: 32502591 PMCID: PMC7768937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States, with 16 million Americans currently experiencing difficulty with breathing. Power outages could be life-threatening for those relying on electricity. However, significant gaps remain in understanding the potential impact of power outages on COPD exacerbations. RESEARCH QUESTION The goal of this study was to determine how power outages affect COPD exacerbations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using distributed lag nonlinear models controlling for time-varying confounders, the hospitalization rate during a power outage was compared vs non-outage periods to determine the rate ratio (RR) for COPD and its subtypes at each of 0 to 6 lag days in New York State from 2001 to 2013. Stratified analyses were conducted according to sociodemographic characteristics, season, and clinical severity; changes were investigated in numerous critical medical indicators, including length of stay, hospital cost, the number of comorbidities, and therapeutic procedures between the two periods. RESULTS The RR of COPD hospitalization following power outages ranged from 1.03 to 1.39 across lag days. The risk was strongest at lag0 and lag1 days and lasted significantly for 7 days. Associations were stronger for the subgroup with acute bronchitis (RR, 1.08-1.69) than for cases of acute exacerbation (RR, 1.03-1.40). Compared with non-outage periods, the outage period was observed to be $4.67 thousand greater in hospital cost and 1.38 greater in the number of comorbidities per case. The average cost (or number of comorbidities) was elevated in all groups stratified according to cost (or number of comorbidities). In contrast, changes in the average length of stay (-0.43 day) and the average number of therapeutic procedures (-0.09) were subtle. INTERPRETATION Power outages were associated with a significantly elevated rate of COPD hospitalization, as well as greater costs and number of comorbidities. The average cost and number of comorbidities were elevated in all clinical severity groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | | | - Guthrie S Birkhead
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Daniel P Croft
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Jerald A Brotzge
- New York State Mesonet, College of Arts and Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, NY
| | - John G Justino
- Center for Global Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | | | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Xiaobo X Romeiko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY.
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Casey JA, Fukurai M, Hernández D, Balsari S, Kiang MV. Power Outages and Community Health: a Narrative Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 7:371-383. [PMID: 33179170 PMCID: PMC7749027 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Power outages, a common and underappreciated consequence of natural disasters, are increasing in number and severity due to climate change and aging electricity grids. This narrative review synthesizes the literature on power outages and health in communities. RECENT FINDINGS We searched Google Scholar and PubMed for English language studies with titles or abstracts containing "power outage" or "blackout." We limited papers to those that explicitly mentioned power outages or blackouts as the exposure of interest for health outcomes among individuals living in the community. We also used the reference list of these studies to identify additional studies. The final sample included 50 articles published between 2004 and 2020, with 17 (34%) appearing between 2016 and 2020. Exposure assessment remains basic and inconsistent, with 43 (86%) of studies evaluating single, large-scale power outages. Few studies used spatial and temporal control groups to assess changes in health outcomes attributable to power outages. Recent research linked data from electricity providers on power outages in space and time and included factors such as number of customers affected and duration to estimate exposure. The existing literature suggests that power outages have important health consequences ranging from carbon monoxide poisoning, temperature-related illness, gastrointestinal illness, and mortality to all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal disease hospitalizations, especially for individuals relying on electricity-dependent medical equipment. Nonetheless the studies are limited, and more work is needed to better define and capture the relevant exposures and outcomes. Studies should consider modifying factors such as socioeconomic and other vulnerabilities as well as how community resiliency can minimize the adverse impacts of widespread major power outages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan A Casey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mihoka Fukurai
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Hernández
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Satchit Balsari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mathew V Kiang
- FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Wyte-Lake T, Der-Martirosian C, Chu K, Johnson-Koenke R, Dobalian A. Preparedness and response activities of the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) home-based primary care program around the fall 2017 hurricane season. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1796. [PMID: 33243229 PMCID: PMC7690102 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale natural disasters disproportionally affect both the medically complex and the older old, groups that are responsible for most medical surge after a disaster. To understand how to ameliorate this surge, we examined the activities of the nine US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Home Based Primary Care (HBPC) programs impacted during the 2017 Fall Hurricane Season. METHODS Convergent mixed methods design, incorporating independently conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses. Phase One: 34 clinical staff were interviewed from the nine VA HBPC programs impacted by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria to examine the experiences of their HBPC programs in response to the Hurricanes. Phase Two: Secondary quantitative data analysis used the VA's Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) to examine the electronic health records of patients for these same nine sites. RESULTS The emergency management activities of the HBPC programs emerged as two distinct phases: preparedness, and response and recovery. The early implementation of preparedness procedures, and coordinated post-Hurricane patient tracking, limited disruption in care and prevented significant hospitalizations among this population. CONCLUSIONS Individuals aged 75 or older, who often present with multiple comorbidities and decreased functional status, typically prefer to age in their homes. Additionally, as in-home medical equipment evolves, more medically vulnerable individuals are able to receive care at home. HBPC programs, and similar programs under Medicare, connect the homebound, medically complex, older old to the greater healthcare community. Engaging with these programs both pre- and post-disasters is central to bolstering community resilience for these at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Wyte-Lake
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 16111 Plummer St. MS-152, North Hills, CA, 91343, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Claudia Der-Martirosian
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 16111 Plummer St. MS-152, North Hills, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Karen Chu
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 16111 Plummer St. MS-152, North Hills, CA, 91343, USA
| | - Rachel Johnson-Koenke
- Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 1700 North Wheeling Street, Aurora, CO, 80045-7211, USA
| | - Aram Dobalian
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 16111 Plummer St. MS-152, North Hills, CA, 91343, USA
- Division of Health Systems Management and Policy, University of Memphis School of Public Health, 3720 Alumni Ave, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
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Bell SA, Horowitz J, Iwashyna TJ. Health Outcomes After Disaster for Older Adults With Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:e535-e547. [PMID: 32930774 PMCID: PMC7491433 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This review synthesizes the current literature surrounding chronic disease outcomes after weather- and climate-related disasters among older adults. The associations between exposure of older adults to weather- and climate-related disasters and the primary outcomes of diabetes, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were examined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review of studies reporting on clinical outcomes of four chronic diseases after disaster exposure was performed. Under the direction of an informationist, the databases PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science (Science and Social Science Citation Index) were searched from inception to July 2019. RESULTS Of 5,229 citations identified, 17 articles met the study criteria. Included articles were retrospective observational in nature and focused on earthquakes (24%, n = 4), hurricane (41%, n = 7), and wildfire (35%, n = 6) disasters. Outcome data by disease process included COPD (35%, n = 6), ESRD (41%, n = 7), CHF (24%, n = 4), and diabetes (29%, n = 5). Three main categories were identified: access to health care, postdisaster health care utilization, and study rigor. The age-stratified analyses reported in this review found multiple instances where disasters have limited or insignificant effects on older adults relative to younger populations. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Disaster research faces unique methodological challenges, and there remains a need for data-driven conclusions on how best to care for older adults before, during, and after disasters. To encourage consistent dialogue among studies, we advocate for the use of rigorous and standardized scientific methodology to examine the health impacts of disasters on adults with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Anne Bell
- Institute for Health Care Policy and Innovation, Ann Arbor
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Theodore J Iwashyna
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
- Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Clinical Management Research at VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Michigan
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Holt JB, Matthews KA, Lu H, Wang Y, LeClercq JM, Greenlund KJ, Thomas CW. Small Area Estimates of Populations With Chronic Conditions for Community Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies. Am J Public Health 2019; 109:S325-S331. [PMID: 31505141 PMCID: PMC6737821 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To demonstrate a flexible and practical method to obtain near real-time estimates of the number of at-risk community-dwelling adults with a chronic condition in a defined area potentially affected by a public health emergency.Methods. We used small area estimation with survey responses from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System together with a geographic information system to predict the number of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who lived in the forecasted path of Hurricane Florence in North and South Carolina in 2018.Results. We estimated that a range of 32 002 to 676 536 adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease resided between 50 and 200 miles of 3 consecutive daily forecasted landfalls. The number of affected counties ranged from 8 to 10 (at 50 miles) to as many as 119 to 127 (at 200 miles).Conclusions. Community preparedness is critical to anticipating, responding to, and ameliorating these health threats. We demonstrated the feasibility of quickly producing detailed estimates of the number of residents with chronic conditions who may face life-threatening situations because of a natural disaster. These methods are applicable to a range of planning and response scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Holt
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kevin A Matthews
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hua Lu
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yan Wang
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jennifer M LeClercq
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kurt J Greenlund
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Craig W Thomas
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA
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Subacute Phase After an Earthquake: An Even More Important Period. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 13:1011-1016. [PMID: 31115282 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An earthquake is a very common natural disaster. Numerous studies have focused on the acute phase, but studies concerning the subacute phase after an earthquake were very limited. This aroused more attention being paid to medical relief in the subacute phase, and this study elaborated on the division of the medical relief period and the definition of medical relief targets. More importantly, major types of disease were analyzed by reviewing the relevant published studies, which were identified by searching electronic databases. Findings suggested that the clear division of medical relief stage is vital for determining the priority of medical aid and allocating medical resources scientifically, and all concerned populations should be targeted for medical assistance. The focus of acute phase is injury (64.2%), and the subacute phase is disease (27.8% respiratory disease, 22.9% common disease, 12.5% wound/injury, 10.5% skin disease, 8.7% gynecological and pediatric disease, 8.5% digestive disease). However, due to the limited available studies, the included articles perhaps did not reflect the actual proportion of each type of disease. More studies are needed to better understand the proportion of different diseases in each phase of an earthquake.
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Suganuma N, Natori Y, Kurosawa H, Nakano M, Kasai T, Morimoto Y. Update of occupational lung disease. J Occup Health 2019; 61:10-18. [PMID: 30698346 PMCID: PMC6499361 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Occupational Lung Disease is an oldest but still a biggest problem in occupational health. Methods Steering Committee members of the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group selected and summarized current topics on occupational lung diseases based on expert opinion, as informed by governmental regulation, public health concerns, and frequently discussed in related academic conferences. Results The topics included in this review are professional education in medical screening skills, 2014 update of Helsinki Criteria, respiratory diseases found in the earthquake and tsunami affected regions, newly recognized occupational lung diseases, and potential respiratory health hazards. Discussions Although occupational lung diseases seem to stay as one of the major concerns in occupational health, screening tools and control measures are standardized for the better prevention of the diseases. As this health problem usually occurs in where the most actively economically developing area is, the patients tend to increase in emerging economic powers with huge population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narufumi Suganuma
- Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group, Tokya, Japan.,Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi Univeristy, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yuji Natori
- Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group, Tokya, Japan.,Hirano-Kameido Himawari-Clinic, Koto-ku, Japan
| | - Hajime Kurosawa
- Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group, Tokya, Japan.,Department of Occupational Health, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakano
- Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group, Tokya, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kasai
- Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group, Tokya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group, Tokya, Japan.,University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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17
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Wyte-Lake T, Claver M, Tubbesing S, Davis D, Dobalian A. Development of a Home Health Patient Assessment Tool for Disaster Planning. Gerontology 2019; 65:353-361. [PMID: 30731470 DOI: 10.1159/000494971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, older adults have been disproportionately affected by disasters. In particular, homebound adults are especially at risk. As one facet of bolstering community resilience, home health agencies have been tasked with improving their patients' disaster preparedness. However, home health practitioners often lack the information necessary to fulfill these requirements. Providing resources about disaster preparedness will allow these practitioners, often seen as trusted advisors, to better prepare their patients. OBJECTIVE This study explores the utility of implementing a checklist-style assessment tool to guide Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC) practitioners in disaster preparedness assessments of their patients. METHODS The HBPC Patient Assessment Tool for Disaster Planning ("Tool") was fielded by practitioners at 10 VHA HBPC programs with all patients seen over the course of a 3-week period. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis of the data collected via the Tool were used to understand the baseline levels of preparedness education provided by practitioners to their patients. Data from a follow-up survey and follow-up interviews with Program Managers were analyzed, the latter using content analysis methods. RESULTS 754 surveys were returned for analysis. We examined how frequently practitioners reviewed the included preparedness items with their patients. Of those patients on oxygen, adherence ranged from 67 to 94% for practitioners covering a discussion about smoking materials/open flame, despite strong efforts to achieve high compliance on this measure as reported by several program managers. Of those items applicable to the general population, certain items were more frequently discussed than others. How to activate 911 services was most frequently reviewed (87%). Providing information about emergency shelter registration and specialty transport was the item least frequently reviewed (44%). Strengths about the Tool included its ease of use, flow, comprehensiveness, and that it fits on one page. CONCLUSION Home-based care programs, such as the VHA HBPC program, are tasked with supporting the emergency preparedness of their patients, but often do not have the expertise to do so. This study shows that the checklist-like structure of an assessment tool can assist with this role by encouraging practitioners to cover key points with patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Wyte-Lake
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), North Hills, California, USA,
| | - Maria Claver
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), North Hills, California, USA
| | - Sarah Tubbesing
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Home-Based Primary Care, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Darlene Davis
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatrics and Extended Care, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Aram Dobalian
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center (VEMEC), North Hills, California, USA
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19
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Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Kotani K, Lefor AK, Yasunaga H. Effect of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes on preventable hospital admissions: a retrospective cohort study in Japan. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021294. [PMID: 30002010 PMCID: PMC6082481 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Kumamoto earthquakes struck Kumamoto prefecture, in the southwest part of Japan in April 2016. Physical and mental disorders presenting to hospital increased after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes. Impaired access to primary care due to the earthquakes may have contributed to this increase. However, it is not known whether the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes affected access to primary care. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes on short-term health conditions by analysing ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), using administrative data from Kumamoto prefecture. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Residents enrolled in National Health Insurance or Late Elders' Health Insurance from Kumamoto prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS All hospital admissions due to ACSCs between 15 March and 16 May in each year from 2013 to 2016. OUTCOME MEASURES ACSCs are defined as conditions for which appropriate primary care interventions could prevent admission to the hospital. RESULTS We identified a total of 7921, 18 763 and 85 436 admissions for vaccine, acute and chronic preventable ACSCs, respectively, during the study period. Admissions within 7 days after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes increased to 32.6% (10.2, 59.5), 44.1% (27.0, 63.5) and 27.7% (20.2, 35.6) for vaccine-preventable, acute and chronic ACSCs, respectively. However, admissions for ACSCs did not change significantly 30 days after the earthquakes. CONCLUSION The 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes were associated with increased hospital admissions for ACSCs. The impact of the earthquakes on admissions for ACSCs did not persist for more than 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Talaminos Barroso A, Márquez Martín E, Roa Romero LM, Ortega Ruiz F. Factors Affecting Lung Function: A Review of the Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Li H, Nyland J, Kuban K, Givens J. Physical therapy needs for patients with physical function injuries post-earthquake disasters: A systematic review of Chinese and Western literature. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 23:e1714. [PMID: 29608038 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Over the last 500 years, the most earthquakes with 10,000 or more fatalities and the most overall fatalities have occurred in China. Physical therapists must develop a better understanding of the patient and injury types that they are likely to treat post-earthquake disasters. This systematic review of Chinese and Western literature identified the primary patients treated by physical therapists post-earthquake disasters for injuries that negatively impacted physical function, activity, and participation. METHODS Comparisons were made between reports of earthquakes in China and reports from the rest of the world combined. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies of 71,986 patients (51.8% male) at 40.6 ± 15 years of age were included. Studies were mostly prospective (n = 48, 71.6%). Reports of earthquakes in China represented more recently occurring disasters (p = .003) and more prospective research designs (p = .003). Reports from China also had a higher median fracture number (p = .004). Studies from China used manual muscle testing (p = .02), visual analogue pain scales (p = .008), Barthel index or modified Barthel index (p < .0001), and joint motion assessment (p = .007) with greater frequencies. DISCUSSION Physical therapists from China are more likely to treat patients with a fracture; however, physical therapists from both regions are likely to treat patients with general injuries representing poly-trauma to multiple body regions, traumatic brain-closed head injuries, spinal cord injuries, peripheral nerve injuries, and soft tissue injuries. IMPLICATIONS ON PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE These data can help improve earthquake disaster planning, infrastructure development, and resource needs assessment effectiveness. More prospective research study designs and more recent earthquake disasters in China are likely associated with greater explicit use of valid and reliable outcome measurements such as joint motion assessment, manual muscle testing, visual analogue pain scale, and the Barthel index or modified Barthel index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Disaster Rehabilitation, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - John Nyland
- Kosair Charities College of Health and Natural Sciences, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Katrina Kuban
- Kosair Charities College of Health and Natural Sciences, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Justin Givens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Nagashima H, Fujimura I, Nakamura Y, Utsumi Y, Yamauchi K, Takikawa Y, Yokoyama Y, Sakata K, Kobayashi S, Ogawa A. Changes in pulmonary function of residents in Sanriku Seacoast following the tsunami disaster from the Great East Japan Earthquake. Respir Investig 2018; 56:184-188. [PMID: 29548658 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents in the district struck by the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami (GEJET) suffered from adverse living conditions and various pulmonary diseases. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of GEJET, we performed serial assessment of pulmonary function of approximately 10,000 residents in the district struck by GEJET. METHODS Using a spirometer, we assessed the pulmonary function of approximately 10,000 residents older than 18 years in the Sanriku seacoast, which was struck by the tsunami. Measurements were performed in 2011 and 2012. RESULTS We compared FVC (forced vital capacity) % pred. and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1second) % pred. of subjects between 2011 and 2012, by serial spirometry. Of the 7053 subjects studied, including 2611 men and 4442 women, FVC% pred. and FEV1% pred. were significantly higher in 2012 than in 2011. Physical indices including height, body weight and the body mass index (BMI) did not change significantly during this period. Smoking prevalence changed significantly between 2010, 2011, and 2012. Both FVC% pred. and FEV1% pred. of subjects who had quit smoking increased significantly on spirometry carried out in 2012, compared with those in 2011. CONCLUSIONS The pulmonary function expressed as FVC% pred. and FEV1% pred. were significantly higher in 2012 than in 2011 among the subjects studied. The changes in the smoking status may be one of the reasons for the increase in values observed. However, other undetermined factors during recovery from a disaster might have resulted in improved pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nagashima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Itaru Fujimura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yu Utsumi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamauchi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukari Yokoyama
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Mihama-cho, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Akira Ogawa
- Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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Talaminos Barroso A, Márquez Martín E, Roa Romero LM, Ortega Ruiz F. Factors Affecting Lung Function: A Review of the Literature. Arch Bronconeumol 2018; 54:327-332. [PMID: 29496283 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung function reference values are traditionally based on anthropometric factors, such as weight, height, sex, and age. FVC and FEV1 decline with age, while volumes and capacities, such as RV and FRC, increase. TLC, VC, RV, FVC and FEV1 are affected by height, since they are proportional to body size. This means that a tall individual will experience greater decrease in lung volumes as they get older. Some variables, such as FRC and ERV, decline exponentially with an increase in weight, to the extent that tidal volume in morbidly obese patients can be close to that of RV. Men have longer airways than women, causing greater specific resistance in the respiratory tract. The increased work of breathing to increase ventilation among women means that their consumption of oxygen is higher than men under similar conditions of physical intensity. Lung volumes are higher when the subject is standing than in other positions. DLCO is significantly higher in supine positions than in sitting or standing positions, but the difference between sitting and standing positions is not significant. Anthropometric characteristics are insufficient to explain differences in lung function between different ethnic groups, underlining the importance of considering other factors in addition to the conventional anthropometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Márquez Martín
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
| | - Laura María Roa Romero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, España
| | - Francisco Ortega Ruiz
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, España.
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Impact of Nepal Earthquake on Patients Presenting for Emergency Care at Patan Hospital. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2018; 13:211-216. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveNatural disasters have a significant impact on the health sector. On April 25, 2015, Nepal was struck by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake. The aim of the study was to compare patient volumes and clinical conditions presenting to the emergency department pre- and post-earthquake.MethodsA retrospective study was done at Patan Hospital Emergency Department in Kathmandu, Nepal. Volume, demographics, and patient diagnoses were collected for 4 months post-disaster and compared with cases seen the same months the year before the disaster to control for seasonal variations.ResultsAfter the 2015 Nepal earthquake, 12,180 patients were seen in the emergency department. This was a significant decrease in patient volume compared with the 14,971 patients seen during the same months in 2014 (P=0.04). Of those, 5496 patients (4093 pre-disaster and 1433 post-disaster) had a chief complaint or diagnosis recorded for analysis. An increase in cardiovascular and respiratory cases was seen as well as an increase in psychiatric cases (mostly alcohol related) and cases of anemia. There was a decrease in the number of obstetrics/gynecology, infectious disease, and poisoning cases post-earthquake.ConclusionsUnderstanding emergency department utilization after the earthquake has the potential to give further insight into improving disaster preparedness plans for post-disaster health needs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:211–216).
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Noncommunicable Diseases After the Great East Japan Earthquake: Systematic Review, 2011-2016. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:396-407. [PMID: 29032775 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including mental disorders, have become major threats to human health worldwide. People with NCDs are particularly vulnerable to disasters. We systematically reviewed reports describing studies of NCDs at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) to clarify the circumstances of people with NCDs and to build strong measures to support them. METHODS Relevant articles published from March 2011 through December 2016 were collected by searching the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine). We specifically examined reports describing NCDs and including the key words "East Japan Earthquake." NCDs included every disease type aside from injury and infectious disease. RESULTS We collected 160 relevant articles, 41 of which described NCDs that existed in residents before the GEJE. Articles describing respiratory diseases and mental illnesses were found most frequently. Interruption of regular treatment was the most frequent problem, followed by lack of surveillance capacity. We found 101 reports describing NCDs that had developed after the GEJE, of which 60% were related to mental health issues. CONCLUSIONS NCDs pose major health issues after large-scale disasters. Establishment of strong countermeasures against interruption of treatment and surveillance systems to ascertain medical needs for NCDs are necessary to prepare for future disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 396-407).
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Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Nadler B, Darzi A, Rasheed S. Modifying the Interagency Emergency Health Kit to include treatment for non-communicable diseases in natural disasters and complex emergencies. BMJ Glob Health 2016; 1:e000128. [PMID: 28588970 PMCID: PMC5321368 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interagency Emergency Health Kit (IEHK) provides a standard package of medicines and simple medical devices for aid agencies to use in emergencies such as disasters and armed conflicts. Despite the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in such settings, the IEHK includes few drugs and devices for management of NCDs. Using published data to model the population burden of acute and chronic presentations of NCDs in emergency-prone regions, we estimated the quantity of medications and devices that should be included in the IEHK. NCDs considered were cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and chronic respiratory disease. In scenario 1 (the primary scenario), we assumed that resources in the IEHK would only include those needed to manage acute life-threatening conditions. In scenario 2, we included resources required to manage both acute and chronic presentations of NCDs. Drugs and devices that might be required included amlodipine, aspirin, atenolol, beclomethasone, dextrose 50%, enalapril, furosemide, glibenclamide, glyceryl trinitrate, heparin, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, insulin, metformin, prednisone, salbutamol and simvastatin. For scenario 1, the number of units required ranged from 12 (phials of hydralazine) to ∼15 000 (tablets of enalapril). Space and weight requirements were modest and total cost for all drugs and devices was approximately US$2078. As expected, resources required for scenario 2 were much greater. Space and cost requirements increased proportionately: estimated total cost of scenario 2 was $22 208. The resources required to treat acute NCD presentations appear modest, and their inclusion in the IEHK seems feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Tonelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natasha Wiebe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian Nadler
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ara Darzi
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shahnawaz Rasheed
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Yasunaga H, Fushimi K. Increase in avoidable hospital admissions after the Great East Japan Earthquake. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 71:248-252. [PMID: 27612980 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-207413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent tsunami and nuclear disaster on 11 March 2011 had a short-term influence on the increase in emergency department visits and hospital admissions due to various diseases. However, it remains unclear whether the earthquake and tsunami disaster affected the long-term health conditions of people in the affected areas. METHODS Using a national inpatient database in Japan, we investigated people's ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), which are defined as conditions for which effective management and treatment should prevent admission to a hospital. We compared the number of admissions for ACSCs before-quake (July 2010 to February 2011) with after-quake (July 2012 to February 2013) periods in the disaster area compared with other areas using a difference-in-differences design. Linear regression models with the interaction between periods and areas were used to estimate the impact of the earthquake on admissions for ACSCs. RESULTS No significant difference in difference was seen in preventable ACSCs (where immunisation and other interventions can prevent illness) or chronic ACSCs (where effective care can prevent flare-ups), while acute ACSCs (where early intervention can prevent more serious progression) increased significantly (3.3 admissions per 100 000 population; 95% CI 0.4 to 6.3; p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS Preventable and chronic ACSCs may have increased just after the earthquake and then immediately decreased. However, avoidable admissions due to acute ACSCs remained high in the long term after the earthquake and tsunami disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sasabuchi
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kuriyama S, Yaegashi N, Nagami F, Arai T, Kawaguchi Y, Osumi N, Sakaida M, Suzuki Y, Nakayama K, Hashizume H, Tamiya G, Kawame H, Suzuki K, Hozawa A, Nakaya N, Kikuya M, Metoki H, Tsuji I, Fuse N, Kiyomoto H, Sugawara J, Tsuboi A, Egawa S, Ito K, Chida K, Ishii T, Tomita H, Taki Y, Minegishi N, Ishii N, Yasuda J, Igarashi K, Shimizu R, Nagasaki M, Koshiba S, Kinoshita K, Ogishima S, Takai-Igarashi T, Tominaga T, Tanabe O, Ohuchi N, Shimosegawa T, Kure S, Tanaka H, Ito S, Hitomi J, Tanno K, Nakamura M, Ogasawara K, Kobayashi S, Sakata K, Satoh M, Shimizu A, Sasaki M, Endo R, Sobue K, Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Study Group T, Yamamoto M. The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project: Design and Mission. J Epidemiol 2016; 26:493-511. [PMID: 27374138 PMCID: PMC5008970 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and resulting tsunami of March 11, 2011 gave rise to devastating damage on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project (TMM), which is being conducted by Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) and Iwate Medical University Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (IMM), has been launched to realize creative reconstruction and to solve medical problems in the aftermath of this disaster. We started two prospective cohort studies in Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures: a population-based adult cohort study, the TMM Community-Based Cohort Study (TMM CommCohort Study), which will recruit 80 000 participants, and a birth and three-generation cohort study, the TMM Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study), which will recruit 70 000 participants, including fetuses and their parents, siblings, grandparents, and extended family members. The TMM CommCohort Study will recruit participants from 2013 to 2016 and follow them for at least 5 years. The TMM BirThree Cohort Study will recruit participants from 2013 to 2017 and follow them for at least 4 years. For children, the ToMMo Child Health Study, which adopted a cross-sectional design, was also started in November 2012 in Miyagi Prefecture. An integrated biobank will be constructed based on the two prospective cohort studies, and ToMMo and IMM will investigate the chronic medical impacts of the GEJE. The integrated biobank of TMM consists of health and clinical information, biospecimens, and genome and omics data. The biobank aims to establish a firm basis for personalized healthcare and medicine, mainly for diseases aggravated by the GEJE in the two prefectures. Biospecimens and related information in the biobank will be distributed to the research community. TMM itself will also undertake genomic and omics research. The aims of the genomic studies are: 1) to construct an integrated biobank; 2) to return genomic research results to the participants of the cohort studies, which will lead to the implementation of personalized healthcare and medicine in the affected areas in the near future; and 3) to contribute the development of personalized healthcare and medicine worldwide. Through the activities of TMM, we will clarify how to approach prolonged healthcare problems in areas damaged by large-scale disasters and how useful genomic information is for disease prevention.
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Kikuya M, Miyashita M, Yamanaka C, Ishikuro M, Sato Y, Obara T, Metoki H, Nakaya N, Nagami F, Tomita H, Kiyomoto H, Sugawara J, Hozawa A, Fuse N, Suzuki Y, Tsuji I, Kure S, Yaegashi N, Yamamoto M, Kuriyama S. Protocol and Research Perspectives of the ToMMo Child Health Study after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 236:123-30. [PMID: 26040309 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Residents of areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake may suffer from diseases or health problems. We are conducting a cross-sectional study from 2012 to 2015 to investigate and address the health needs of schoolchildren affected by this disaster. In this paper, we describe the protocol and research perspectives of our long-term child health study, and present the results obtained immediately after the disaster. The parent-administered questionnaire includes the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire for asthma and eczema symptoms, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and a questionnaire on influenza infection and vaccination status. In 2012, we distributed the questionnaire to 3,505 (2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th graders) in three municipalities located in southern coastal area among the 28 municipalities, and 1,277 (36.4%) returned the completed questionnaire. Mean age was 11.1 ± 2.2 years old. The number of children with symptoms of wheeze and eczema in the past 12 months was 146 (11.4%) and 199 (15.6%), respectively. The SDQ total difficulties score revealed 174 (13.6%) children with some form of difficulty in their daily lives. From May 2011 to April 2012, 195 (15.3%) and 649 (50.8%) children received the influenza vaccination once and twice, respectively, and 532 (41.7%) had suffered from influenza. The prevalence of eczema symptoms or some form of difficulty was higher than the Japanese average. However, careful interpretation was required because of potential self-selection bias from the low response rate. We will continue this study of schoolchildren to provide aggregate findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kikuya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2) Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Hayashi M, Fujimori K, Yasumura S, Goto A, Nakai A. Obstetric Outcomes in Women in Fukushima Prefecture during and after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2016.612088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Matsubara H, Ishikuro M, Kikuya M, Chida S, Hosoya M, Ono A, Kato N, Yokoya S, Tanaka T, Isojima T, Yamagata Z, Tanaka S, Kuriyama S, Kure S. Design of the Nationwide Nursery School Survey on Child Health Throughout the Great East Japan Earthquake. J Epidemiol 2015; 26:98-104. [PMID: 26460382 PMCID: PMC4728121 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20150073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Great East Japan Earthquake inflicted severe damage on the Pacific coastal areas of northeast Japan. Although possible health impacts on aged or handicapped populations have been highlighted, little is known about how the serious disaster affected preschool children’s health. We conducted a nationwide nursery school survey to investigate preschool children’s physical development and health status throughout the disaster. Methods The survey was conducted from September to December 2012. We mailed three kinds of questionnaires to nursery schools in all 47 prefectures in Japan. Questionnaire “A” addressed nursery school information, and questionnaires “B1” and “B2” addressed individuals’ data. Our targets were children who were born from April 2, 2004, to April 1, 2005 (those who did not experience the disaster during their preschool days) and children who were born from April 2, 2006, to April 1, 2007 (those who experienced the disaster during their preschool days). The questionnaire inquired about disaster experiences, anthropometric measurements, and presence of diseases. Results In total, 3624 nursery schools from all 47 prefectures participated in the survey. We established two nationwide retrospective cohorts of preschool children; 53 747 children who were born from April 2, 2004, to April 1, 2005, and 69 004 children who were born from April 2, 2006, to April 1, 2007. Among the latter cohort, 1003 were reported to have specific personal experiences with the disaster. Conclusions With the large dataset, we expect to yield comprehensive study results about preschool children’s physical development and health status throughout the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Matsubara
- Department of Disaster Public Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University
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Tomio J, Sato H. Emergency and disaster preparedness for chronically ill patients: a review of recommendations. Open Access Emerg Med 2014; 6:69-79. [PMID: 27147882 PMCID: PMC4753992 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s48532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent disasters, especially those in developed countries, have highlighted the importance of disaster preparedness measures for chronic diseases. A number of surviving patients experienced the exacerbation of a chronic illness, such as hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, due to disaster-related stress, interruption of care, or both; for some patients, these exacerbations resulted in death. Here, we review reports from recent disasters in developed countries and summarize the recommendations for disaster preparedness of chronically ill patients. A considerable number of recommendations based on the lessons learned from recent disasters have been developed, and they provide practical and essential steps to prevent treatment interruption during and after a disaster. To improve preparedness efforts, we suggest that health care providers should be aware of the following three suggestions: 1) recommendations should be evidence-based; 2) recommendations should contain consistent messages; and 3) recommendations should be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tomio
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Department of Health Policy and Technology Assessment, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
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Kobayashi S, Yanai M, Hanagama M, Yamanda S. Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly population. Respir Investig 2014; 52:296-301. [PMID: 25169845 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease and an important health care problem in older adults. The impact of age and specific geriatric issues on COPD in elderly patients has not been well established. METHODS A cross-sectional study of elderly COPD patients was conducted in Japan by using a regional COPD registry database. We compared indices of disease severity (pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, quality of life, and frequency of exacerbations), presence of comorbidities, geriatric conditions (cognitive function, mental status, and activities of daily living [ADL]), and adherence to prescribed drug regimens between elderly and younger patients with COPD. RESULTS In total, 279 patients with stable COPD (median age, 74 years) were identified; 86% of these patients were elderly (65 years of age or older). Elderly COPD patients, especially those who were 75 years of age or older, had significantly more cases of dyspnea, lower exercise tolerance, and poorer ADL and a higher incidence of severe exacerbations than younger patients (all P<0.05). In addition, the prevalence of comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, was significantly higher in elderly COPD patients. Elderly COPD patients had specific geriatric conditions, including cognitive impairment. Adherence to inhaled drug regimens in elderly patients was as favorable as that in younger patients. CONCLUSIONS Age and specific geriatric conditions have a great negative impact on COPD in elderly patients. Geriatric conditions should be addressed in the management of elderly COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita, Ishinomaki 986-8522, Japan.
| | - Masaru Yanai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita, Ishinomaki 986-8522, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Hanagama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita, Ishinomaki 986-8522, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Yamanda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita, Ishinomaki 986-8522, Japan.
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Disaster relief activities of the Japan self-defense force following the Great East Japan Earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2014; 8:194-198. [PMID: 24901381 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cooperation between civilian and military forces, including the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF), enabled wide-ranging disaster relief after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Nevertheless, many preventable fatalities occurred, particularly related to an inability to treat chronic disease, indicating the need to plan for the provision of long-term medical aid after natural disasters in stricken areas and evacuation shelters. To assist in this effort, this report (1) provides an overview of the consequences of the medical response to the Great East Japan Earthquake, the largest natural disaster ever to hit Japan, focusing on the role and actions of the JSDF; (2) discusses the lessons learned regarding the provision of medical aid and management by the JSDF after this disaster, looking at the special challenges of meeting the needs of a rapidly aging population in a disaster situation; and (3) provides recommendations for the development of strategies for the long-term medical aid and support after natural disasters, especially with regard to the demographics of the Japanese population.
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Miyazaki M. [The 41st Scientific Meeting: perspectives of internal medicine: lessons from the disaster of the Great East Japan earthquake; 4. proposal of an effective internal medical care against disaster; 2) Disaster response in dialysis patients]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2014; 103:591-597. [PMID: 24796121 DOI: 10.2169/naika.103.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Yamanaka K, Miyatani H, Yoshida Y, Asabe S, Yoshida T, Nakano M, Obara S, Endo H. Hemorrhagic gastric and duodenal ulcers after the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:7426-7432. [PMID: 24259974 PMCID: PMC3831225 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To elucidate the characteristics of hemorrhagic gastric/duodenal ulcers in a post-earthquake period within one medical district.
METHODS: Hemorrhagic gastric/duodenal ulcers in the Iwate Prefectural Kamaishi Hospital during the 6-mo period after the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster were reviewed retrospectively. The subjects were 27 patients who visited our hospital with a chief complaint of hematemesis or hemorrhagic stool and were diagnosed as having hemorrhagic gastric/duodenal ulcers by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a 6-mo period starting on March 11, 2011. This period was divided into two phases: the acute stress phase, comprising the first month after the earthquake disaster, and the chronic stress phase, from the second through the sixth month. The following items were analyzed according to these phases: age, sex, sites and number of ulcers, peptic ulcer history, status of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and degree of impact of the earthquake disaster.
RESULTS: In the acute stress phase from 10 d to 1 mo after the disaster, the number of patients increased rapidly, with a nearly equal male-to-female ratio, and the rate of multiple ulcers was significantly higher than in the previous year (88.9% vs 25%, P < 0.005). In the chronic stress phase starting 1 mo after the earthquake disaster, the number of patients decreased to a level similar to that of the previous year. There were more male patients during this period, and many patients tended to have a solitary ulcer. All patients with duodenal ulcers found in the acute stress phase were negative for serum H. pylori antibodies, and this was significantly different from the previous year’s positive rate of 75% (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Severe stress caused by an earthquake disaster may have affected the characteristics of hemorrhagic gastric/duodenal ulcers.
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