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Wang WD, Zeng CY, Shang Y, Ni J, Li GJ, Li LP, Xi SH, Chen SZ. Thiostrepton suppresses triple-negative breast cancer through downregulating c-FLIP/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:945-954. [PMID: 38634704 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2343420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis of breast cancer. Thiostrepton exerts anti-tumor activities against several cancers including TNBC. Herein we discussed the new molecular mechanisms of thiostrepton in TNBC. Thiostrepton inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability, accompanied by a decrease of c-FLIP and p-SMAD2/3. c-FLIP overexpression reduced the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to thiostrepton, while SMAD2/3 knockdown increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to thiostrepton. Moreover, c-FLIP overexpression significantly increased the expression and phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 proteins and vice versa. In conclusion, our study reveals c-FLIP/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway as a novel mechanism of antitumor activity of thiostrepton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Die Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zeng
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gao-Jie Li
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuo-Han Xi
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Chen
- Department of Cancer Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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2
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Wang Y, Wang L, Ma S, Cheng L, Yu G. Repair and regeneration of the alveolar epithelium in lung injury. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23612. [PMID: 38648494 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400088r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the function of alveolar epithelial cells in a quiescent state and regeneration mechanism after lung injury. Lung injury occurs commonly from severe viral and bacterial infections, inhalation lung injury, and indirect injury sepsis. A series of pathological mechanisms caused by excessive injury, such as apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and ferroptosis, have been studied. Recovery from lung injury requires the integrity of the alveolar epithelial cell barrier and the realization of gas exchange function. Regeneration mechanisms include the participation of epithelial progenitor cells and various niche cells involving several signaling pathways and proteins. While alveoli are damaged, alveolar type II (AT2) cells proliferate and differentiate into alveolar type I (AT1) cells to repair the damaged alveolar epithelial layer. Alveolar epithelial cells are surrounded by various cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and various immune cells, which affect the proliferation and differentiation of AT2 cells through paracrine during alveolar regeneration. Besides, airway epithelial cells also contribute to the repair and regeneration process of alveolar epithelium. In this review, we mainly discuss the participation of epithelial progenitor cells and various niche cells involving several signaling pathways and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuaichen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lianhui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal university, Xinxiang, China
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Lin Q, Yu T, Li X, Lin X, Fan Y, Xu L. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibited inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells by regulating Hedgehog pathway. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3908. [PMID: 38085254 PMCID: PMC10773195 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) in regulating inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell proliferation was detected through CCK8 and cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining. E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunofluorescence, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in culture medium supernatant were detected by ELISA. The expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli1 and Snail was detected by Western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, bronchial epithelial cells treated with TGF-β1 showed significantly decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, increased secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, increased expression of α-SMA, Shh, Gli1 and Snail and decreased E-cadherin expression. However, co-culture with UCMSCs inhibited TGF-β1-induced changes in human bronchial epithelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 and activation of the Hedgehog pathway. In conclusion, UCMSCs have protective effects on TGF-β1-induced inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells by regulating the Hedgehog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Tianxing Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Yong Fan
- Cent Lab, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
| | - Liyu Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuzhou No.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian.
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4
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Zhang D, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Tang L, Hou J, Li Y. Alcohol induces intrahepatic humoral immunity-related suppression and delays the clearance of HBV infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Apaza Alccayhuaman KA, Heimel P, Lee JS, Tangl S, Kuchler U, Marchesan J, Panahipour L, Lettner S, Matalová E, Gruber R. FasL is a catabolic factor in alveolar bone homeostasis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:396-405. [PMID: 36384160 PMCID: PMC10946845 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fas ligand (FasL) belongs to the tumour necrosis factor superfamily regulating bone turnover, inflammation, and apoptosis. The appendicular and axial skeleton phenotype of mature Faslgld mice has been reported. The impact of FasL on the alveolar bone providing support for the teeth at mature stages under healthy and induced inflammatory conditions remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a phenotypical analysis of mice carrying the homozygous Faslgld mutation and wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6) under healthy conditions and upon ligature-induced periodontitis. After 12 days, micro-computed tomography analysis revealed the distance between the cement enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest. Additional structural parameters, such as the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the periodontal ligament space volume, were measured. Histological analyses were performed to visualize the catabolic changes at the defect site. RESULTS Healthy Faslgld mice were found to have more periodontal bone than their WT littermates. Faslgld had no significant effect on inflammatory osteolysis compared to WT controls with ligatures. Histology revealed eroded surfaces at the root and in the inter-proximal bone in both strains. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that FasL is a catabolic factor in alveolar bone homeostasis but it does not affect the inflammatory osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department for BioimagingLudwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation With AUVAViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of PeriodontologyResearch Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Ulrike Kuchler
- Department of Oral SurgeryUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Julie Marchesan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral HealthAdams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Lettner
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Eva Matalová
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and OsteogenesisInstitute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral BiologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Department of PeriodontologySchool of Dental Medicine, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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Liu T, Xu P, Ke S, Dong H, Zhan M, Hu Q, Li J. Histone methyltransferase SETDB1 inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis by regulating SNAI1 expression and the ferroptosis signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 715:109087. [PMID: 34801472 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important pathological process in the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis. Changes in histone methylation modifications of key genes play an important role in this process. As a histone methyltransferase, the regulatory mechanism and role of SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) in pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. We found that SETDB1 inhibited EMT and that cells attenuated the expression of SETDB1 to relieve this inhibition during transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT. Silencing SETDB1 expression significantly enhanced the mesenchymal phenotype induced by TGF-β and the expression and deposition of fibronectin and significantly reduced the expression of E-cadherin. The decrease in E-cadherin expression and the induction of EMT led to increased lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions, which induced ferroptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) results showed that SETDB1 regulates the expression of Snai1 by catalyzing the histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) of Snai1, the main transcription factor that initiates the process of EMT, and thus, indirectly regulates E-cadherin. Surprisingly, when examining the effect of overexpressed SETDB1 on EMT, we found that overexpressed SETDB1 alleviated EMT and also caused ferroptosis. We suggest that the overexpression of SETDB1 partially reverses the mesenchymal phenotype to an epithelial state, while those cells that fail to reverse are depleted by ferroptosis. In conclusion, the histone methylase SETDB1 regulates Snai1 epigenetically, driving EMT gene reprogramming and ferroptosis in response to TGF-β. However, there are unexplored links between the epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional processes that regulate EMT in a TGF-β-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Pengli Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Shaorui Ke
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases By Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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7
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da Silva Castro A, Angeloni MB, de Freitas Barbosa B, de Miranda RL, Teixeira SC, Guirelli PM, de Oliveira FC, José da Silva R, Franco PS, Ribeiro M, Milian ICB, de Oliveira Gomes A, Ietta F, Júnior SF, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR, de Oliveira Simões Alves CM, Ferro EAV. BEWO trophoblast cells and Toxoplasma gondii infection modulate cell death mechanisms in THP-1 monocyte cells by interference in the expression of death receptor and intracellular proteins. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101658. [PMID: 34597888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk between trophoblast and monocytes is essential for gestational success, and it can be compromised in congenital toxoplasmosis. Cell death is one of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of pregnancy, and this study aimed to evaluate the role of trophoblast in the modulation of monocyte cell death in the presence or absence of Toxoplasma gondii infection. THP-1 cells were stimulated with supernatants of BeWo cells and then infected or not with T. gondii. The supernatants were collected and analyzed for the secretion of human Fas ligand, and cells were used to determine cell death and apoptosis, cell death receptor, and intracellular proteins expression. Cell death and apoptosis index were higher in uninfected THP-1 cells stimulated with supernatants of BeWo cells; however, apoptosis index was reduced by T. gondii infection. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, secreted by BeWo cells, altered the cell death and apoptosis rates in THP-1 cells. In infected THP-1 cells, the expression of Fas/CD95 and secretion of FasL was significantly higher; however, caspase 3 and phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) were downregulated. Results suggest that soluble factors secreted by BeWo cells induce cell death and apoptosis in THP-1 cells, and Fas/CD95 can be involved in this process. On the other hand, T. gondii interferes in the mechanism of cell death and inhibits THP-1 cell apoptosis, which can be associated with active caspase 3 and phosphorylated ERK1/2. In conclusion, our results showed that human BeWo trophoblast cells and T. gondii infection modulate cell death in human THP-1 monocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa da Silva Castro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bodini Angeloni
- School of Medicine, Healthy Sciences Special Academic Unit, University of Goiás-Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | - Bellisa de Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Lima de Miranda
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Mendonça Guirelli
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Chaves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela José da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Iliana Claudia Balga Milian
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Angélica de Oliveira Gomes
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Wang J, Zhao X, Feng W, Li Y, Peng C. Inhibiting TGF-[Formula: see text] 1-Mediated Cellular Processes as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis with Chinese Herbal Medicines. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1965-1999. [PMID: 34961416 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and irreversible interstitial lung disease that even threatens the lives of some patients infected with COVID-19. PF is a multicellular pathological process, including the initial injuries of epithelial cells, recruitment of inflammatory cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, activation and differentiation of fibroblasts, etc. TGF-[Formula: see text]1 acts as a key effect factor that participates in these cellular processes of PF. Recently, much attention was paid to inhibiting TGF-[Formula: see text]1 mediated cell processes in the treatment of PF with Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. Here, this review first summarized the effects of TGF-[Formula: see text]1 in different cellular processes of PF. Then, this review summarized the recent research on CHM (compounds, multi-components, single medicines and prescriptions) to directly and/or indirectly inhibit TGF-[Formula: see text]1 signaling (TLRs, PPARs, micrRNA, etc.) in PF. Most of the research focused on CHM natural compounds, including but not limited to alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and terpenes. After review, the research perspectives of CHM on TGF-[Formula: see text]1 inhibition in PF were further discussed. This review hopes that revealing the inhibiting effects of CHM on TGF-[Formula: see text]1-mediated cellular processes of PF can promote CHM to be better understood and utilized, thus transforming the therapeutic activities of CHM into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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9
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Shifeng L, Hong X, Xue Y, Siyu N, Qiaodan Z, Dingjie X, Lijuan Z, Zhongqiu W, Xuemin G, Wenchen C, Guizhen Z, Dan L, Ruimin W, Fang Y. Ac-SDKP increases α-TAT 1 and promotes the apoptosis in lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells double-stimulated with TGF-β1 and silica. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 369:17-29. [PMID: 30826375 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline silica (SiO2) particles have very strong toxicity to the lungs, and silicosis is an excessive pulmonary interstitial remodeling disease that follows persistent SiO2 injury. We showed here that DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and apoptosis were aggravated during rat silicosis induced by SiO2 exposure. Ac-SDKP attenuates lung parenchymal distortion and collagen deposition, and decreases the expression of γH2AX, p21, and cleaved caspase-3, as well as improves the reduction of pulmonary function caused by silicosis. In vitro, we found an evolution of smooth muscle actin α (α-SMA), collagen type I (Col I) in both A549 and MRC-5 cells in response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) + SiO2. Only A549 cells showed any reduction in the rate of apoptosis induced by the double stimulation, because of the anti-apoptotic effects of TGF-β1. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is an anti-fibrotic tetrapeptide. It also has the ability to promote the apoptosis of leukemia cells. However its role in promoting cell apoptosis in silicosis is still unknown. We here found that Ac-SDKP could induce cell apoptosis and inhibit fibrotic response in A549 and MRC-5 cells treated with TGF-β1 + SiO2, and these effects depended on regulation of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (α-TAT1). These findings suggest that Ac-SDKP may have therapeutic value in the treatment of silicotic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shifeng
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Hong
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Niu Siyu
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhang Qiaodan
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xu Dingjie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhang Lijuan
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wei Zhongqiu
- Basic Medicine College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Gao Xuemin
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cai Wenchen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhang Guizhen
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Li Dan
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wang Ruimin
- Medical Research Center, Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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10
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Jiang X. Silencing of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 attenuates transforming growth factor-β1-enhanced apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4997-5005. [PMID: 30250565 PMCID: PMC6144912 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells form the first protective barrier of the airway to protect patients from pulmonary diseases. The present study was performed to illustrate the mechanism underlying the effect of silencing heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 (HAND2) on attenuating the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-enhanced apoptosis of HBE cells. TGF-β1 (10 µg/ml) was applied to HBE cells, and the HBE cells were transfected with small interfering RNA targeting HAND2 or were transfected with non-specific sequence. Subsequently, cell proliferation was measured using a Cell Counting kit-8 assay, whereas cell cycle and apoptosis status were measured using a flow cytometer. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related factors. Western blot analysis was also used to detect the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P38 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The results showed that TGF-β1 decreased HBE cell proliferation ability, arrested cell cycle at the G2 phase and promoted cell apoptosis with statistical significance. The expression levels of P21 and Cyclin D1 were inhibited, and those of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were promoted by TGF-β1. The phosphorylation levels of ERK, P38 and JNK were increased by TGF-β1. HAND2-silencing significantly alleviated the above functions of TGF-β1 on the HBE cells. In conclusion, the silencing of HAND2 attenuated the TGF-β1-stimulated apoptosis of HBE cells through regulating cell cycle, apoptosis-related factors and ERK/P38/JNK MAPK pathways. This may provide a novel treatment strategy for pulmonary disease, with HAND2 as the novel gene target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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11
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Feng XL, Fei HZ, Hu L. Dexamethasone induced apoptosis of A549 cells via the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2801-2806. [PMID: 29435007 PMCID: PMC5778831 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, and are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dexamethasone (DEX) serves an important function in the regulation of lung cancer cell proliferation; however, the mechanisms involved still remain unknown. In the present study, the effects of DEX on A549 cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined, in addition to the potential downstream regulatory mechanisms underlying these effects. A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of DEX at 12, 24 and 48 h time points, followed by the addition of SB431542, an inhibitor of the TGF-β1 receptor, to block the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Cell proliferation was analyzed using a 3-(4,5-diethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt. The apoptosis rate was measured by Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Smad family member 2 (Smad2) and caspase-3 were assessed by western blot. The results from the present study demonstrated that the proliferation of A549 cells decreased and the apoptosis rate significantly increased following DEX treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2 and caspase-3 were significantly increased following DEX stimulation (P<0.05), the effects of which were abrogated by the addition of the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, SB431542 (P<0.05). DEX-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, and this effect was abrogated by SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor signaling, which indicated that the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway may be associated with this process and SB431542 may function as an antitumor drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Feng
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Zhi Fei
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
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12
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Nlandu-Khodo S, Neelisetty S, Phillips M, Manolopoulou M, Bhave G, May L, Clark PE, Yang H, Fogo AB, Harris RC, Taketo MM, Lee E, Gewin LS. Blocking TGF- β and β-Catenin Epithelial Crosstalk Exacerbates CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3490-3503. [PMID: 28701516 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways have important roles in modulating CKD, but how these growth factors affect the epithelial response to CKD is not well studied. TGF-β has strong profibrotic effects, but this pleiotropic factor has many different cellular effects depending on the target cell type. To investigate how TGF-β signaling in the proximal tubule, a key target and mediator of CKD, alters the response to CKD, we injured mice lacking the TGF-β type 2 receptor specifically in this epithelial segment. Compared with littermate controls, mice lacking the proximal tubular TGF-β receptor had significantly increased tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in two different models of CKD. RNA sequencing indicated that deleting the TGF-β receptor in proximal tubule cells modulated many growth factor pathways, but Wnt/β-catenin signaling was the pathway most affected. We validated that deleting the proximal tubular TGF-β receptor impaired β-catenin activity in vitro and in vivo Genetically restoring β-catenin activity in proximal tubules lacking the TGF-β receptor dramatically improved the tubular response to CKD in mice. Deleting the TGF-β receptor alters many growth factors, and therefore, this ameliorated response may be a direct effect of β-catenin activity or an indirect effect of β-catenin interacting with other growth factors. In conclusion, blocking TGF-β and β-catenin crosstalk in proximal tubules exacerbates tubular injury in two models of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | | | | | | | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology.,Pediatrics, and
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Medicine and
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ethan Lee
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and .,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology.,Research, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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13
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Hamed EA, El-Saied MM, Saad K, Yousef HAZ, Mohamed AO, Sabry D. Molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis and elastin destruction in childhood interstitial lung diseases. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:275-283. [PMID: 27686729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate fibrosis and elastin destruction in childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) patients. METHODS Sixty patients and twenty healthy children were recruited. On admission, evaluation of chILD severity was made using Fan chILD score. Participants provided urine and blood samples. Plasma levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), soluble factor related apoptosis (sFas) and long non-coding RNAs and urinary levels of desmosine/urinary creatinine (UDes/UCr) were measured. RESULTS In patients, clinical findings were crackles (100.00%), tachypnea (65.00%), cardiomegaly (45.00%), digital clubbing (43.30%), cough (33.00%), cyanosis (26.70%), hepatomegaly (28.30%) and wheezes (23.30%). Categorizing of the patients with Fan chILD clinical score revealed that most patients 33.30% scored (3, symptomatic with abnormal saturation/cyanosis during exercise) then 28.30% scored (5, symptomatic with clinical and echocardiographic features of pulmonary hypertension), 18.30% scored (2, symptomatic with normal room air saturations), 15.00% scored (1, asymptomatic) and 5.00% scored (4, symptomatic with abnormal room air saturation/cyanosis at rest). TGF-β1, CCN2, sFas, lncrRNA-2700086A05Rik relative gene expression and UDes/UCr levels were higher in patients than controls (P=0.002, P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, respectively). In patients, significant positive correlations were found between TGF-β1 and CCN2, sFas, UDes/UCr; between CCN2 and both sFas and UDes/UCr; between UDes/UCr and sFas. Morbidity and mortality rates were 46.70% and 10.00%, respectively. CONCLUSION Markers of fibrosis (TGF-β1, sFas, CCN2) and elastin destruction (UDes/UCr) were increased in chILD especially in patients with long disease duration. So blockage of their pathways signals may offer novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A Hamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa M El-Saied
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Amany O Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Production of Cyr61 protein is modulated by extracellular acidification and PI3K/Akt signaling in prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:169-76. [PMID: 23623839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High expression of Cyr61, an extracellular cysteine-rich heparin-binding protein, has been associated with a malignant cell phenotype and poor outcome in prostate cancers. Although Cyr61 was found by us to be overproduced in androgen-independent PC-3 cells treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), its significance is still unclear. We therefore aimed to determine how and why Cyr61 protein is overexpressed in NAC-treated cells. Here, we found that Cyr61 protein level markedly increased in cells treated with NAC at high cell seeding density. Silencing of Cyr61 by siRNA induced enhanced activity of caspase-3/7, upregulation of the proapototic Bok, BimL and BimS, cleavage of apoptosis hallmarkers such as Bax, PARP and caspase-3, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 proteins. NAC treatment caused a reduction of extracellular medium pH to acidic and an increase in Akt phosphorylation, after which the replacement with NAC-free medium returned them to control levels within 24h. Acid stimulation increased the levels of Cyr61 and p-Akt proteins, whereas it suppressed the induction of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. Overall, our data indicate that PC-3 cells overproduce Cyr61 protein via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling as a part of the survival mechanisms under the conditions causing extracellular acidity and further cytotoxicity.
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15
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Li S, Meyer NP, Quarto N, Longaker MT. Integration of multiple signaling regulates through apoptosis the differential osteogenic potential of neural crest-derived and mesoderm-derived Osteoblasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58610. [PMID: 23536803 PMCID: PMC3607600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest-derived (FOb) and mesoderm-derived (POb) calvarial osteoblasts are characterized by distinct differences in their osteogenic potential. We have previously demonstrated that enhanced activation of endogenous FGF and Wnt signaling confers greater osteogenic potential to FOb. Apoptosis, a key player in bone formation, is the main focus of this study. In the current work, we have investigated the apoptotic activity of FOb and POb cells during differentiation. We found that lower apoptosis, as measured by caspase-3 activity is a major feature of neural crest-derived osteoblast which also have higher osteogenic capacity. Further investigation indicated TGF-β signaling as main positive regulator of apoptosis in these two populations of calvarial osteoblasts, while BMP and canonical Wnt signaling negatively regulate the process. By either inducing or inhibiting these signaling pathways we could modulate apoptotic events and improve the osteogenic potential of POb. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that integration of multiple signaling pathways contribute to imparting greater osteogenic potential to FOb by decreasing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Li
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel P. Meyer
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita’ degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail: (NQ); (MTL)
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NQ); (MTL)
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Kastamoulas M, Chondrogiannis G, Kanavaros P, Vartholomatos G, Bai M, Briasoulis E, Arvanitis D, Galani V. Cytokine effects on cell survival and death of A549 lung carcinoma cells. Cytokine 2013; 61:816-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Han F, Luo Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Xu D, Jin F, Li Z. Seawater induces apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells via the Fas/FasL-mediated pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 182:71-80. [PMID: 22609371 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that seawater can cause lung tissue cell apoptosis; in the present study, the immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis results demonstrated that Fas, FasL, and cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 were up-regulated in the rat lungs exposed to seawater. We found that seawater-induced human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cell apoptosis was concentration and time dependent. Moreover, seawater increased the expression of Fas, FasL, and cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 in A549 cells. The incubation of A549 cells in the presence of FasL-neutralising antibody (NOK-2) or caspase-8 inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK) resulted in a decrease of seawater-induced cell apoptosis. NOK-2 inhibited Fas/FasL interaction and reduced the cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3, and Z-IETD-FMK blocked caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Seawater similarly produced a significant increase in rat alveolar type II cell apoptosis and expression of Fas and cleaved caspase-8. In summary, the Fas/FasL pathway involved in alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis could be important in the pathogenesis of seawater-induced acute lung injury (SW-ALI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
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