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Klinnikova AA, Danilova GA, Aleksandrova NP. Role of Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathways in the Effects of Proinflammatory Cytokines on the Respiratory Pattern and Hypoxic Ventilatory Response. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aleksandrova NP, Klinnikova AA, Danilova GA. Cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase pathways mediate the respiratory effects of TNF-α in rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 284:103567. [PMID: 33161117 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α is the key inflammatory cytokine. TNF-α receptors are expressed in brain stem regions involved in respiratory control and also in the carotid bodies, which are the sensory organs monitoring arterial blood O2. We hypothesised that the circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α may affect the lung ventilation and modulate the hypoxic ventilatory response via activation of cyclooxygenase (COX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways. The aim of the current study was to compare the respiratory effects of TNF-α before and after pretreatment with diclofenac or L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) nonspecific inhibitors of COX and NOS, respectively. The hypoxic ventilatory response was measured in anaesthetised rats using rebreathing techniques. We found that TNF-α increased the lung ventilation in normoxia but decreased the ventilatory response to hypoxia. Pretreatment with each of these inhibitors reduced respiratory effects of TNF-α. We believe that activation of COX and NOS-related pathways and also "cross-talk" between them mediates the TNF-α respiratory effects and underlies the impact of inflammation on the respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pavlovna Aleksandrova
- Head of Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of RAS, nab Makarova6, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Anna Andreevna Klinnikova
- Researcher of Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of RAS, nab Makarova6, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Galina Anatolevna Danilova
- Researcher of Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of RAS, nab Makarova6, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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Lorea-Hernández JJ, Camacho-Hernández NP, Peña-Ortega F. Interleukin 1-beta but not the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist modulates inspiratory rhythm generation in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2020; 734:134934. [PMID: 32259558 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) is a cytokine that modulates breathing when applied systemically or directly into the brain. IL-1β is expressed, along with its receptors, in IL-1β-sensitive respiratory-related circuits, which likely include the inspiratory rhythm generator (the preBötzinger complex, preBötC). Thus, considering that IL-1β might directly modulate preBötC function, we tested whether IL-1β and its endogenous antagonist IL1Ra modulate inspiratory rhythm generation in the brainstem slice preparation containing the preBötC. We found that IL-1β reduces, in a concentration-dependent manner, the amplitude of the fictive inspiratory rhythm generated by the preBötC, which is prevented by IL1Ra. Only a negligible effect on the rhythm frequency was observed at one of the concentrations tested (10 ng/mL). In sum, these findings indicate that IL-1β modulates respiratory rhythm generation. In contrast, IL1Ra did not produce a major effect but slightly increased burst amplitude regularity of the fictive respiratory rhythm. Our findings show that IL-1β modulates breathing by directly modulating the inspiratory rhythm generation. This modulation could contribute to the respiratory response to inflammation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Julio Lorea-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro, 76230, México
| | - Neira Polet Camacho-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro, 76230, México
| | - Fernando Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Qro, 76230, México.
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Aabed K, Bhat RS, Al-Dbass A, Moubayed N, Algahtani N, Merghani NM, Alanazi A, Zayed N, El-Ansary A. Bee pollen and propolis improve neuroinflammation and dysbiosis induced by propionic acid, a short chain fatty acid in a rodent model of autism. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:200. [PMID: 31733650 PMCID: PMC6858724 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of autism because the cytokine levels are typically disturbed in the brain in autistic patients. Prebiotics-rich diet maintains the healthy gut microbiota and hence can regulate the neuroinflammation indirectly. The study aimed to investigate the role of bee pollen and propolis in ameliorating neuroinflammation, including cytokine levels, in an animal model of autism. METHODS Hamsters were classified as four groups: Group I, control; Group II, autistic model/animals treated with 250 mg propionic acid (PPA)/kg body weight (BW)/day for 3 days; Group III, animals treated with bee pollen at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW/day for 4 weeks; and Group IV, animals treated with propolis at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW/day for 4 weeks. Neuroinflammatory responses were evaluated using the levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). RESULTS Significant decrease of IL-10 (P<0.026), VEGF (P<0.005), and TNFα(P<0.005) levels and increased IL-1α (P<0.032), IL-6(P<0.028), and IFN-γ (P<0.013) levels were observed between the four studied groups. The neurotoxic effects of PPA was clearly presented as much higher IL-6, as pro-inflammatory cytokine (P<0.05), concomitant with much lower IL-10, as anti-inflammatory cytokine(P<0.015) compared to controls. Both bee pollen and propolis were effective in ameliorating the neurotoxic effects of PPA demonstrating non-significant changes of IL-6 and IL-10 when compared to control healthy hamsters. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that both bee pollen and propolis protect against neuroinflammation in the rodent model of autism. However, further studies are needed to investigate the clinical benefits of prebiotics-rich diet in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Aabed
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Dbass
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine Moubayed
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Algahtani
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada M Merghani
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah Alanazi
- Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naima Zayed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Giannakopoulou CE, Sotiriou A, Dettoraki M, Yang M, Perlikos F, Toumpanakis D, Prezerakos G, Koutsourelakis I, Kastis GA, Vassilakopoulou V, Mizi E, Papalois A, Greer JJ, Vassilakopoulos T. Regulation of breathing pattern by IL-10. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R190-R202. [PMID: 31091151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00065.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) affect the control of breathing. Our aim is to determine the effect of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 οn the control of breathing. IL-10 knockout mice (IL-10-/-, n = 10) and wild-type mice (IL-10+/+, n = 10) were exposed to the following test gases: hyperoxic hypercapnia 7% CO2-93% O2, normoxic hypercapnia 7% CO2-21% O2, hypoxic hypercapnia 7% CO2-10% O2, and hypoxic normocapnia 3% CO2-10% O2. The ventilatory function was assessed using whole body plethysmography. Recombinant mouse IL-10 (rIL-10; 10 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to wild-type mice (n = 10) 30 min before the onset of gas challenge. IL-10 was administered in neonatal medullary slices (10-30 ng/ml, n = 8). We found that IL-10-/- mice exhibited consistently increased frequency and reduced tidal volume compared with IL-10+/+ mice during room air breathing and in all test gases (by 23.62 to 33.2%, P < 0.05 and -36.23 to -41.69%, P < 0.05, respectively). In all inspired gases, the minute ventilation of IL-10-/- mice was lower than IL-10+/+ (by -15.67 to -22.74%, P < 0.05). The rapid shallow breathing index was higher in IL-10-/- mice compared with IL-10+/+ mice in all inspired gases (by 50.25 to 57.5%, P < 0.05). The intraperitoneal injection of rIL-10 caused reduction of the respiratory rate and augmentation of the tidal volume in room air and also in all inspired gases (by -12.22 to -29.53 and 32.18 to 45.11%, P < 0.05, respectively). IL-10 administration in neonatal rat (n = 8) in vitro rhythmically active medullary slice preparations did not affect either rhythmicity or peak amplitude of hypoglossal nerve discharge. In conclusion, IL-10 may induce a slower and deeper pattern of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charoula Eleni Giannakopoulou
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Adamantia Sotiriou
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Dettoraki
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Michael Yang
- Experimental Research Center, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Attica, Greece
| | - Fotis Perlikos
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Toumpanakis
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Prezerakos
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioannis Koutsourelakis
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios A Kastis
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Vyronia Vassilakopoulou
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Eleftheria Mizi
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | | | - John J Greer
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Theodoros Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services and Marianthi Simou Applied Biomedical Research and Training Center, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
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Peña-Ortega F. Clinical and experimental aspects of breathing modulation by inflammation. Auton Neurosci 2018; 216:72-86. [PMID: 30503161 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is produced by local or systemic alterations and mediated mainly by glia, affecting the activity of various neural circuits including those involved in breathing rhythm generation and control. Several pathological conditions, such as sudden infant death syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea and asthma exert an inflammatory influence on breathing-related circuits. Consequently breathing (both resting and ventilatory responses to physiological challenges), is affected; e.g., responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia are compromised. Moreover, inflammation can induce long-lasting changes in breathing and affect adaptive plasticity; e.g., hypoxic acclimatization or long-term facilitation. Mediators of the influences of inflammation on breathing are most likely proinflammatory molecules such as cytokines and prostaglandins. The focus of this review is to summarize the available information concerning the modulation of the breathing function by inflammation and the cellular and molecular aspects of this process. I will consider: 1) some clinical and experimental conditions in which inflammation influences breathing; 2) the variety of experimental approaches used to understand this inflammatory modulation; 3) the likely cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, QRO 76230, México.
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Aleksandrov VG, Tumanova TS, Aleksandrova NP. Diclofenac Eliminates Respiratory Effects of the Tumor Necrosis Factor in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093018040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aleksandrova NP, Danilova GA, Aleksandrov VG. Interleukin-1beta suppresses the ventilatory hypoxic response in rats via prostaglandin-dependent pathways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:681-685. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the major inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) on the ventilatory response to hypoxia. The goal was to test the hypothesis that IL-1β impairs the hypoxic ventilatory response in vivo by indirectly inhibiting respiratory neurons in the brainstem via prostaglandins. Thus, IL-1β was delivered by cerebroventricular injection, and the ventilatory hypoxic response was assessed in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats pretreated with or without diclofenac, a nonspecific inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. We found that the slope of the ventilatory response to hypoxia decreased almost 2-fold from 10.4 ± 3.02 to 4.06 ± 0.86 mL·min−1·(mm Hg)−1 (–61%) 90 min after administration of IL-1β (p < 0.05). The slope of tidal volume and mean inspiratory flow also decreased from 0.074 ± 0.02 to 0.039 ± 0.01 mL·(mm Hg)−1 (–45%, p < 0.05), and from 0.36 ± 0.07 to 0.2 ± 0.04 mL·s−1·(mm Hg)−1 (–46%, p < 0.05), respectively. Pretreatment with diclofenac blocked these effects. Thus, the data indicate that IL-1β degrades the ventilatory hypoxic response by stimulating production of prostaglandin. The increase of cerebral levels of IL-1β, which is induced by the activation of immune cells in the brain, may impair respiratory chemoreflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P. Aleksandrova
- Respiratory Physiology Lab, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, nab. Makarova, 6, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
- Respiratory Physiology Lab, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, nab. Makarova, 6, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Galina A. Danilova
- Respiratory Physiology Lab, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, nab. Makarova, 6, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
- Respiratory Physiology Lab, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, nab. Makarova, 6, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Viacheslav G. Aleksandrov
- Respiratory Physiology Lab, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, nab. Makarova, 6, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
- Respiratory Physiology Lab, Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, nab. Makarova, 6, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
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Hocker AD, Stokes JA, Powell FL, Huxtable AG. The impact of inflammation on respiratory plasticity. Exp Neurol 2017; 287:243-253. [PMID: 27476100 PMCID: PMC5121034 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breathing is a vital homeostatic behavior and must be precisely regulated throughout life. Clinical conditions commonly associated with inflammation, undermine respiratory function may involve plasticity in respiratory control circuits to compensate and maintain adequate ventilation. Alternatively, other clinical conditions may evoke maladaptive plasticity. Yet, we have only recently begun to understand the effects of inflammation on respiratory plasticity. Here, we review some of common models used to investigate the effects of inflammation and discuss the impact of inflammation on nociception, chemosensory plasticity, medullary respiratory centers, motor plasticity in motor neurons and respiratory frequency, and adaptation to high altitude. We provide new data suggesting glial cells contribute to CNS inflammatory gene expression after 24h of sustained hypoxia and inflammation induced by 8h of intermittent hypoxia inhibits long-term facilitation of respiratory frequency. We also discuss how inflammation can have opposite effects on the capacity for plasticity, whereby it is necessary for increases in the hypoxic ventilatory response with sustained hypoxia, but inhibits phrenic long term facilitation after intermittent hypoxia. This review highlights gaps in our knowledge about the effects of inflammation on respiratory control (development, age, and sex differences). In summary, data to date suggest plasticity can be either adaptive or maladaptive and understanding how inflammation alters the respiratory system is crucial for development of better therapeutic interventions to promote breathing and for utilization of plasticity as a clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Hocker
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Jennifer A Stokes
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Frank L Powell
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Adrianne G Huxtable
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States.
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Carpio C, Villasante C, Galera R, Romero D, de Cos A, Hernanz A, García-Río F. Systemic inflammation and higher perception of dyspnea mimicking asthma in obese subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:718-26.e4. [PMID: 26768410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a variable number of obese subjects with self-reported diagnosis of asthma but without current or previous evidence of airflow limitation, bronchial reversibility, or airway hyperresponsiveness (misdiagnosed asthma). However, the mechanisms of asthma-like symptoms in obesity remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the perception of dyspnea during bronchial challenge and exercise testing in obese patients with asthma and misdiagnosed asthma compared with obese control subjects to identify the mechanisms of asthma-like symptoms in obesity. METHODS In a cross-sectional study we included obese subjects with asthma (n = 25), misdiagnosed asthma (n = 23), and no asthma or respiratory symptoms (n = 27). Spirometry, lung volumes, exhaled nitric oxide levels, and systemic biomarker levels were measured. Dyspnea scores during adenosine bronchial challenge and incremental exercise testing were obtained. RESULTS During bronchial challenge, patients with asthma or misdiagnosed asthma reached a higher Borg-FEV1 slope than control subjects. Moreover, maximum dyspnea and the Borg-oxygen uptake (V'O2) slope were significantly greater during exercise in subjects with asthma or misdiagnosed asthma than in control subjects. The maximum dyspnea achieved during bronchial challenge correlated with IL-1β levels, whereas peak respiratory frequency, ventilatory equivalent for CO2, and IL-6 and IL-1β levels were independent predictors of the Borg-V'O2 slope during exercise (r(2) = 0.853, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS A false diagnosis of asthma (misdiagnosed asthma) in obese subjects is attributable to an increased perception of dyspnea, which, during exercise, is mainly associated with systemic inflammation and excessive ventilation for metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carpio
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Villasante
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Galera
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Romero
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de Cos
- Unidad de Obesidad, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Hernanz
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Lorea-Hernández JJ, Morales T, Rivera-Angulo AJ, Alcantara-Gonzalez D, Peña-Ortega F. Microglia modulate respiratory rhythm generation and autoresuscitation. Glia 2015; 64:603-19. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan-Julio Lorea-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
| | - Teresa Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
| | - Ana-Julia Rivera-Angulo
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
| | - David Alcantara-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
| | - Fernando Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
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12
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Pokorski M. Molecular basis of ventilatory disorders. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 209:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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