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Yao Z, Zhao Y, Lu L, Li Y, Yu Z. Extracerebral multiple organ dysfunction and interactions with brain injury after cardiac arrest. Resusc Plus 2024; 19:100719. [PMID: 39149223 PMCID: PMC11325081 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest and successful resuscitation cause whole-body ischemia and reperfusion, leading to brain injury and extracerebral multiple organ dysfunction. Brain injury is the leading cause of death and long-term disability in resuscitated survivors, and was conceptualized and treated as an isolated injury, which has neglected the brain-visceral organ crosstalk. Extracerebral organ dysfunction is common and is significantly associated with mortality and poor neurological prognosis after resuscitation. However, detailed description of the characteristics of post-resuscitation multiple organ dysfunction is lacking, and the bidirectional interactions between brain and visceral organs need to be elucidated to explore new treatment for neuroprotection. This review aims to describe current concepts of post-cardiac arrest brain injury and specific characteristics of post-resuscitation dysfunction in cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic, adrenal, gastrointestinal, and neurohumoral systems. Additionally, we discuss the crosstalk between brain and extracerebral organs, especially focusing on how visceral organ dysfunction and other factors affect brain injury progression. We think that clarifying these interactions is of profound significance on how we treat patients for neural/systemic protection to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuanrui Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yinping Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Yeom SR, Min MK, Lee DS, Lee MJ, Chun MS, Park SW, Yang WT. Impact of Hepatic Portal Venous Gas on the Prognosis of Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Reason to Consider Terminating Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Emerg Med Int 2024; 2024:7756946. [PMID: 39161951 PMCID: PMC11333135 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7756946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the prognosis of traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by assessing the presence of hepatic portal vein gas (HPVG) observed in ultrasound (US) or point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) performed during CPR. Furthermore, we aimed to understand the role of HPVG in decision-making regarding CPR discontinuation or withholding in traumatic OHCA. Methods The retrospective study was conducted at the level 1 trauma center of urban academic medical centers in South Korea. We included adult trauma OHCA patients who underwent CPR between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022. Data on traumatic OHCA patients who presented to the level I trauma center during this period were extracted from the hospital's electronic medical record system. The arrest data were separately managed through the hospital's electronic medical record system for quality control, specifically the arrest registry. US images or clips of the hepatic portal vasculature (HPV) during CPR were used to assess the presence of HPVG. These images were independently reviewed by two emergency medicine physicians with several years of US examination experience who were blinded to all clinical details and outcomes. We evaluated the prognosis of traumatic OHCA by assessing the presence of HPVG using the US. In addition, we analyzed the general characteristics and assessed the impact on the ROSC in traumatic OHCA. Results Among the 383 cardiac arrest patients, 318 traumatic OHCA patients were included. The mean age was 54.9 ± 19.4 years, and most patients were male. The initial rhythm was mainly asystole, and falls were the most frequent cause of injury. The overall ROSC rate was 18.8%, with a survival rate of 7.2% at hospital discharge. Among the 50 patients who underwent a US examination of HPV, 40 showed HPVG. The HPVG group had a significantly lower ROSC rate and survival rate at ED discharge and hospital discharge compared to the group without HPVG. Conclusion Traumatic OHCA with HPVG presents a significantly worse prognosis. This suggests that early consideration of termination or withholding of CPR may be appropriate in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Ran Yeom
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicinePusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ki Min
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicinePusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sup Lee
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicinePusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Lee
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicinePusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo Se Chun
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicinePusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Park
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicinePusan National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Tae Yang
- Department of Emergency MedicineSchool of MedicinePusan National University, Republic of Korea
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3
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Hoftun Farbu B, Langeland H, Ueland T, Michelsen AE, Jørstad Krüger A, Klepstad P, Nordseth T. Intestinal injury in cardiac arrest is associated with multiple organ dysfunction: A prospective cohort study. Resuscitation 2023; 185:109748. [PMID: 36842675 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of intestinal injury in cardiac arrest is not established. The first aim of this study was to assess associations between clinical characteristics in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and a biomarker for intestinal injury, Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (IFABP). The second aim was to assess associations between IFABP and multiple organ dysfunction and 30-day mortality. METHODS We measured plasma IFABP in 50 patients at admission to intensive care unit (ICU) after OHCA. Demographic and clinical variables were analysed by stratifying patients on median IFABP, and by linear regression. We compared Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, haemodynamic variables, and clinical-chemistry tests at day two between the "high" and "low" IFABP groups. Logistic regression was applied to assess factors associated with 30-day mortality. RESULTS Several markers of whole body ischaemia correlated with intestinal injury. Duration of arrest and lactate serum concentrations contributed to elevated IFABP in a multivariable model (p < 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). At day two, all seven patients who had died were in the "high" IFABP group, and all six patients who had been transferred to ward were in the "low" group. Of patients still treated in the ICU, the "high" group had higher total, renal and respiratory SOFA score (p < 0.01) and included all patients receiving inotropic drugs. IFABP predicted mortality (OR 16.9 per standard deviation increase, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Cardiac arrest duration and lactate serum concentrations were risk factors for intestinal injury. High levels of IFABP at admission were associated with multiple organ dysfunction and mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02648061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Hoftun Farbu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Department of Research and Development, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Halvor Langeland
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital (Rikshospitalet), Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital (Rikshospitalet), Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Jørstad Krüger
- Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Department of Research and Development, Oslo, Norway; Department of Emergency Medicine and Pre-Hospital Services, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Klepstad
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Nordseth
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Grimaldi D, Legriel S, Pichon N, Colardelle P, Leblanc S, Canouï-Poitrine F, Salem OBH, Muller G, de Prost N, Herrmann S, Marque S, Baron A, Sauneuf B, Messika J, Dior M, Creteur J, Bedos JP, Boutin E, Cariou A. Ischemic injury of the upper gastrointestinal tract after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective, multicenter study. Crit Care 2022; 26:59. [PMID: 35287719 PMCID: PMC8919548 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consequences of cardiac arrest (CA) on the gastro-intestinal tract are poorly understood. We measured the incidence of ischemic injury in the upper gastro-intestinal tract after Out-of-hospital CA (OHCA) and determined the risk factors for and consequences of gastrointestinal ischemic injury according to its severity.
Methods Prospective, non-controlled, multicenter study in nine ICUs in France and Belgium conducted from November 1, 2014 to November 30, 2018. Included patients underwent an esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy 2 to 4 d after OHCA if still intubated and the presence of ischemic lesions of the upper gastro-intestinal tract was determined by a gastroenterologist. Lesions were a priori defined as severe if there was ulceration or necrosis and moderate if there was mucosal edema or erythema. We compared clinical and cardiac arrest characteristics of three groups of patients (no, moderate, and severe lesions) and identified variables associated with gastrointestinal ischemic injury using multivariate regression analysis. We also compared the outcomes (organ failure during ICU stay and neurological status at hospital discharge) of the three groups of patients. Results Among the 214 patients included in the analysis, 121 (57%, 95% CI 50–63%) had an upper gastrointestinal ischemic lesion, most frequently on the fundus. Ischemic lesions were severe in 55/121 (45%) patients. In multivariate regression, higher adrenaline dose during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR 1.25 per mg (1.08–1.46)) was independently associated with increased odds of severe upper gastrointestinal ischemic lesions; previous proton pump inhibitor use (OR 0.40 (0.14–1.00)) and serum bicarbonate on day 1 (OR 0.89 (0.81–0.97)) were associated with lower odds of ischemic lesions. Patients with severe lesions had a higher SOFA score during the ICU stay and worse neurological outcome at hospital discharge. Conclusions More than half of the patients successfully resuscitated from OHCA had upper gastrointestinal tract ischemic injury. Presence of ischemic lesions was independently associated with the amount of adrenaline used during resuscitation. Patients with severe lesions had higher organ failure scores during the ICU stay and a worse prognosis. Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT02349074. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-022-03939-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grimaldi
- Department of Intensive Care CUB-Erasme, Route de Lennik, 808, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium. .,AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France.
| | - S Legriel
- AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France.,Medico-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, Paris, France
| | - N Pichon
- AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France.,Medico-surgical Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Center, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - P Colardelle
- Gastroenterology, C.H. Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - S Leblanc
- Gastroenterology, APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - F Canouï-Poitrine
- Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC Mondor), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,INSERM, IMRB, Equipe CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing), University Paris Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - O Ben Hadj Salem
- INSERM, IMRB, Equipe CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing), University Paris Est Creteil, Créteil, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Meulan - Les Mureaux, Meulan en Yvelines, France
| | - G Muller
- AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Meulan - Les Mureaux, Meulan en Yvelines, France.,ICU, Centre Hospitalier Régional Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - N de Prost
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Université Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - S Herrmann
- Gastro-enterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - S Marque
- ICU, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - A Baron
- Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - B Sauneuf
- AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France.,ICU, Chpc - Centre Hospitalier Public Du Cotentin : Hospital Louis Pasteur, Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France
| | - J Messika
- APHP.Nord-Université de Paris, Medico-surgical ICU, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France.,INSERM, PHERE UMRS 1152, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Dior
- DMU ESPRIT, Department of Gastroenterology, AP-HP, Hopital Louis Mourier, 92700, Colombes, France
| | - J Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care CUB-Erasme, Route de Lennik, 808, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J P Bedos
- Medico-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, Paris, France
| | - E Boutin
- Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC Mondor), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,INSERM, IMRB, Equipe CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing), University Paris Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - A Cariou
- AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France.,Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin University Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; University of Paris - Medical School, Paris, France.,University of Paris - Medical School, Paris, France
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5
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Filidou E, Tarapatzi G, Spathakis M, Papadopoulos P, Papadopoulos C, Kandilogiannakis L, Stavrou G, Doumaki E, Sioga A, Meditskou S, Arvanitidis K, Papamitsou T, Grosomanidis V, Kolios G, Kotzampassi K. Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome Is Not Associated with An Early Bacterial Translocation. J Surg Res 2021; 272:51-60. [PMID: 34936912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial translocation and its possible role in the development of post-resuscitation inflammatory response following Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest. METHODS Munich female swine were employed for a model of cardiac arrest via application of electrical current. After 7 min, CPR was initiated, and animals were either successfully return to spontaneous circulation (ROSC) within 40 min or not (no-ROSC). At the end of experimental period and prior to sacrifice, samples from the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver and portal vein blood were obtained. Evaluation of inflammation and gut permeability was performed; MLN, liver and portal vein samples were analyzed for 16 s rRNA detection and cytokine mRNA expression. RESULTS A decreased expression of the tight junction protein Occludin, with higher levels of inflammation, greater epithelial disintegration, ulceration, loss of crypts and villi height were found in the intestines of the ROSC swine in comparison to no-ROSC. The macrophage surface antigen CD-14 staining was relatively more intense in the ROSC than in no-ROSC. Higher levels of TNF-α mRNA expression were present in the liver of the ROSC group. Finally, despite the inflammatory response and the gut mucosal alterations in ROSC group, no bacterial translocation was detected in liver, MLN and portal vein. CONCLUSIONS We show that resuscitation from cardiac arrest induces inflammatory response and intestinal permeability in swine 4h after resuscitation, but not a bacterial translocation. Bacterial translocation is not an early phase phenomenon but probably part of the pathophysiologic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Gesthimani Tarapatzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michail Spathakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Charalampos Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Leonidas Kandilogiannakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Stavrou
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleni Doumaki
- Intensive Care Unit, 424 Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology- Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Grosomanidis
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Katerina Kotzampassi
- Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bourcier S, Klug J, Nguyen LS. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: Diagnostic challenges and perspectives in the era of artificial intelligence. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4088-4103. [PMID: 34326613 PMCID: PMC8311528 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a severe condition associated with poor prognosis, ultimately leading to death due to multiorgan failure. Several mechanisms may lead to AMI, and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) represents a particular form of AMI. NOMI is prevalent in intensive care units in critically ill patients. In NOMI management, promptness and accuracy of diagnosis are paramount to achieve decisive treatment, but the last decades have been marked by failure to improve NOMI prognosis, due to lack of tools to detect this condition. While real-life diagnostic management relies on a combination of physical examination, several biomarkers, imaging, and endoscopy to detect the possibility of several grades of NOMI, research studies only focus on a few elements at a time. In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), which can aggregate thousands of variables in complex longitudinal models, the prospect of achieving accurate diagnosis through machine-learning-based algorithms may be sought. In the following work, we bring you a state-of-the-art literature review regarding NOMI, its presentation, its mechanics, and the pitfalls of routine work-up diagnostic exams including biomarkers, imaging, and endoscopy, we raise the perspectives of new biomarker exams, and finally we discuss what AI may add to the field, after summarizing what this technique encompasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bourcier
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1201, Switzerland
| | - Julian Klug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groupement Hospitalier de l’Ouest Lémanique, Nyon 1260, Switzerland
| | - Lee S Nguyen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, CMC Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-sur-Seine 92200, France
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Levosimendan Ameliorates Post-Resuscitation Acute Intestinal Microcirculation Dysfunction Partly Independent of Its Effects on Systemic Circulation: A Pilot Study On Cardiac Arrest In A Rat Model. Shock 2021; 56:639-646. [PMID: 33710108 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest (CA) is recognized as a life-threatening disease; however, the initial resuscitation success rate has increased due to advances in clinical treatment. Levosimendan has shown potential benefits in CA patients. However, its exact function on intestinal and systemic circulation in CA or post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) remained unclear. This study preliminarily investigated the link between dynamic changes in intestine and systemic hemodynamics post-resuscitation after levosimendan administration. METHODS Twenty-five rats were randomized into three groups: 1) sham control group (n = 5), 2) levosimendan group (n = 10), and 3) vehicle group (n = 10). Intestinal microcirculation was observed using a sidestream dark-field imaging device at baseline and each hour of the return of spontaneous circulation (≤6 h). Systemic hemodynamics, serum indicators of cardiac injury, and tissue perfusion/metabolism were measured by echo-cardiography, a biological signal acquisition system, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. RESULTS Myocardial injury and global and intestinal perfusion/metabolism were significantly improved by levosimendan treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean arterial pressure values between the vehicle and levosimendan groups (P > 0.05). The intestinal and systemic circulation measurements showed poor correlation (Pearson r-value of variable combinations in the levosimendan group was much less than 0.75; P < 0.01, levosimendan vs. vehicle group). CONCLUSIONS Levosimendan significantly reduced the cardiac injury and corrected the metabolic status in an experimental rat model of ventricular fibrillation (VF) induced CA and CPR. Levosimendan may ameliorate PCAS-induced intestinal microcirculation dysfunction, partly independent of its effects on macrocirculation.
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Ramamurti P, Yamane D, Desai S, Boniface K, Drake A. Mortality in patients with hepatic gas on point-of-care ultrasound in cardiac arrest: Does location matter? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2021; 49:205-211. [PMID: 33225452 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research has suggested an association of hepatic venous gas with mortality in cardiac arrest. As point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is frequently used in the context of resuscitation, we sought to evaluate if the presence of hepatic gas on POCUS had a similar mortality association. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of patients who experienced nontraumatic cardiac arrest. Archived ultrasound images were independently reviewed to determine the presence of gas in the hepatic parenchyma and vasculature. Electronic medical records were then reviewed to collect remaining clinical data. RESULTS From 1 January 2017 through 16 June 2019, 87 patients met inclusion criteria. Among them, 68 (78.2%) patients died. Among those who died, 40 (58.8%) had hepatic gas, while 28 (41.2%) had none. Only a single survivor demonstrated hepatic venous gas (11%). While the difference in mortality with respect to presence of undifferentiated hepatic gas was not significant (P = .37), there was a significant difference with respect to the presence of venous gas (P = .004). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the incidence of postarrest hepatic gas on POCUS was common, and that the presence of hepatic venous gas during cardiac resuscitation was associated with increased mortality, while hepatic parenchymal gas alone was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Ramamurti
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - David Yamane
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sajani Desai
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Keith Boniface
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Aaran Drake
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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9
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Comparison of the Protective Effect of Different Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia Temperatures on Intestinal Injury After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats. Shock 2021; 56:450-460. [PMID: 33555844 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic temperature management (TTM) is the standard treatment protocol for unconscious post-resuscitation patients. However, there is still controversy about the ideal targeted temperature of mild hypothermia therapy. Additionally, studies about protective therapy for post-resuscitation intestinal injury are very limited. Therefore, this study was performed to explore: whether mild hypothermia therapy can exert a protective effect on post-resuscitation intestinal injury; the protective effect of different targeted temperatures on post-resuscitation intestinal injury and the ideal targeted temperature; the potential protective mechanism of mild hypothermia therapy for post-resuscitation intestinal injury. METHODS Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 6 min while defibrillation was attempted after 8 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 15 rats. After successful resuscitation, animals were randomized into three groups: control; TTM-35; TTM-33. In animals of the control group, temperature was maintained at 37 ± 0.2°C for 6 h. In animals of the two TTM groups, temperature was maintained at 33 ± 0.2°C or 35 ± 0.2°C for 6 h, respectively. During mild hypothermia therapy, intestinal microcirculation was measured at 60, 240, and 360 min after resuscitation. Animals were euthanized 6.5 h after resuscitation. The morphological changes in the intestinal tissue, systemic and local inflammatory factors, and intestinal injury markers were measured and analyzed. The tight junction proteins in the intestinal epithelium, cell-cell contact protein E-cadherin expression, myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin light chain kinase levels, and the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Compared with results in the control group, mild hypothermia therapy (TTM-33 and TTM-35 groups) significantly improved post-resuscitation intestinal microcirculation and pathological scores, decreased systemic and local intestinal tissue inflammatory factor levels, inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway and downstream MLC phosphorylation, and significantly decreased MLC phosphorylation-associated loss of intestinal tight junction proteins and E-cadherin (P < 0.05). A 33°C target temperature could exert more protective effects than 35°C on post-resuscitation intestinal injury, such as improving intestinal microcirculation, decreasing intestinal ischemia factor iFABP, and plasma endotoxin levels, inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and downstream MLC phosphorylation, and suppressing the loss of intestinal tight junctions and E-cadherin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mild hypothermia therapy can improve post-resuscitation intestinal injury, and a targeted temperature of 33°C may confer more benefit for mitigation of intestinal injury as compared with a targeted temperature of 35°C.
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Paul M, Bougouin W, Legriel S, Charpentier J, Jaubert P, Savary G, Bourcier S, Pène F, Dumas F, Grimaldi D, Cariou A. Frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2020; 157:211-218. [PMID: 33027618 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenteric ischaemia after successfully resuscitated cardiac arrest (CA) has been insufficiently studied. We aimed to assess the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI) after CA. METHODS We retrospectively included patients admitted to a CA centre with sustained return of spontaneous circulation between 2007 and 2017. NOMI was suspected based on clinical symptoms and classified as possible if no tests were feasible or the only test was a negative abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and as confirmed if diagnosed by endoscopy, CT, or surgery. RESULTS Of 1343 patients, 82 (6%) had suspected NOMI, including 33 (2.5%) with confirmed NOMI. Investigations for suspected NOMI were done in 47/82 (57%) patients (CT, n = 30; lower digestive endoscopy, n = 14; and upper digestive endoscopy, n = 12); 11 patients underwent surgery. By multivariate analysis, factors associated with suspected NOMI were female sex (OR, 1.8; 95%CI, 1.1-2.9, p = 0.02), cardiovascular comorbidities (OR, 1.6; 95%CI, 1.0-2.7; p = 0.047), admission lactate >5 mmol/L (OR, 2.0; 95%CI, 1.2-3.4; p = 0.01), low flow >17 min (OR, 2.2; 95%CI, 1.3-3.8; p = 0.003), and inotropic score >7 μg/kg/min (OR, 1.8; 95%CI, 1.1-3.2; p = 0.03). ICU mortality was 96% (79/82), with 61% of patients dying from multi-organ failure (MOF) and 35% from post-anoxic brain injury. Of the eight patients who regained consciousness, 5 finally died from MOF, leaving 3 patients discharged alive from the ICU with a good neurologic outcome. CONCLUSIONS NOMI may affect 2.5-6% of patients after CA. Mortality was extremely high in patients, and very few survived with a good neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Paul
- Intensive Care Unit, Mignot Hospital, Le Chesnay, France; AfterROSC Study Group, Paris, France.
| | - Wulfran Bougouin
- AfterROSC Study Group, Paris, France; Intensive Care Unit, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, Massy, France; Paris-Cardiovascular-Research-Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France; Paris Sudden Death Expertise Centre, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Legriel
- Intensive Care Unit, Mignot Hospital, Le Chesnay, France; AfterROSC Study Group, Paris, France; University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP, Team "PsyDev", Villejuif, France
| | | | - Paul Jaubert
- Medical intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris-Descartes University (Sorbonne-Paris-Cité), Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Savary
- Medical intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris-Descartes University (Sorbonne-Paris-Cité), Paris, France
| | - Simon Bourcier
- Medical intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Medical intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris-Descartes University (Sorbonne-Paris-Cité), Paris, France
| | - Florence Dumas
- AfterROSC Study Group, Paris, France; Paris-Cardiovascular-Research-Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France; Paris Sudden Death Expertise Centre, Paris, France; Paris-Descartes University (Sorbonne-Paris-Cité), Paris, France; Emergency Department, Cochin-Hotel-Dieu Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - David Grimaldi
- AfterROSC Study Group, Paris, France; Department of Intensive Care, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Cariou
- AfterROSC Study Group, Paris, France; Paris-Cardiovascular-Research-Center, INSERM U970, Paris, France; Paris Sudden Death Expertise Centre, Paris, France; Medical intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Paris-Descartes University (Sorbonne-Paris-Cité), Paris, France
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11
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Krychtiuk KA, Richter B, Lenz M, Hohensinner PJ, Huber K, Hengstenberg C, Wojta J, Heinz G, Speidl WS. Epinephrine treatment but not time to ROSC is associated with intestinal injury in patients with cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2020; 155:32-38. [PMID: 32522698 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Current guidelines suggest the use of epinephrine in patients with cardiac arrest (CA). However, evidence for increased survival in good neurological condition is lacking. In experimental settings, epinephrine-induced impairment of microvascular flow was shown. The aim of our study was to analyze the association between epinephrine treatment and intestinal injury in patients after CA. METHODS We have included 52 patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CA admitted to our medical intensive care unit (ICU). Blood was taken on admission and levels of circulating intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) were analyzed. RESULTS Patients were 64 (49.8-73.8) years old and predominantly male (76.9%). After six months, 50% of patients died and 38.5% of patients had a cerebral performance category (CPC)-score of 1-2. iFABP levels were lower in survivors (234 IQR 90-399 pg/mL) as compared to non-survivors (283, IQR 86-11500 pg/mL; p < 0.05). Plasma levels of iFABP were not associated with time to ROSC but correlated with epinephrine-dose (R = 0.32; p < 0.05). 40% of patients receiving ≥3 mg of epinephrine as compared to 10.5% of patients treated with <3 mg (p < 0.05) developed iFABP plasma levels >1500 pg/mL, which was associated with dramatically increased mortality (HR4.87, 95%CI 1.95-12.1; p < 0.001). iFABP levels predicted mortality independent from time to ROSC and the disease severity score SAPS II. In contrast to mortality, iFABP plasma levels were not associated with neurological outcome. CONCLUSIONS In this small, single centre study, cumulative dose of epinephrine used in cardiac arrest patients was associated with an increase in biomarker indicative of intestinal injury and 6-month mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Max Lenz
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp J Hohensinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminen Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Heinz
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Mai N, Prifti V, Kim M, Halterman MW. Characterization of neutrophil-neuronal co-cultures to investigate mechanisms of post-ischemic immune-mediated neurotoxicity. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108782. [PMID: 32445795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated reperfusion injury is a critical component of post-ischemic central nervous system (CNS) damage. In this context, the activation and recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to the CNS induces neurotoxicity in part through the release of degradative enzymes, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. However, the extent to which close-range interactions between PMNs and neurons contribute to injury in this context has not been directly investigated. NEW METHOD We devised a co-culture model to investigate mechanisms of PMN-dependent neurotoxicity. Specifically, we established the effect of PMN dose, co-incident neuronal ischemia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PMN priming, and the requirement for cell-cell contact on cumulative neuron damage. RESULTS AND COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHOD(S) Pre-exposure of day in vitro 10 primary cortical neurons to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) enhanced PMN-dependent neuronal death. Likewise, LPS-induced priming of the PMN donor further increased PMN-induced toxicity in vitro compared to saline-injected controls. Compartmentalization of LPS-primed PMNs using net wells confirmed the requirement for close-range cell-cell interactions in the process of PMN-induced neuronal injury. Moreover, time-lapse imaging and quantitative neurite analyses implicate PMN-neurite interactions in this pathological response. These experiments establish a platform to investigate immune and neural factors that contribute to post-ischemic neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic and immune priming enhance neurotoxicity in PMN-neuronal co-cultures. Moreover, cell-cell contact and neurite destruction are prominent features in the observed mechanism of post-ischemic neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States.
| | - Viollandi Prifti
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States.
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States.
| | - Marc W Halterman
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester NY 14642, United States.
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13
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Mai N, Miller-Rhodes K, Knowlden S, Halterman MW. The post-cardiac arrest syndrome: A case for lung-brain coupling and opportunities for neuroprotection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:939-958. [PMID: 30866740 PMCID: PMC6547189 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19835552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and multi-organ failure represent hallmarks of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) and predict severe neurological injury and often fatal outcomes. Current interventions for cardiac arrest focus on the reversal of precipitating cardiac pathologies and the implementation of supportive measures with the goal of limiting damage to at-risk tissue. Despite the widespread use of targeted temperature management, there remain no proven approaches to manage reperfusion injury in the period following the return of spontaneous circulation. Recent evidence has implicated the lung as a moderator of systemic inflammation following remote somatic injury in part through effects on innate immune priming. In this review, we explore concepts related to lung-dependent innate immune priming and its potential role in PCAS. Specifically, we propose and investigate the conceptual model of lung-brain coupling drawing from the broader literature connecting tissue damage and acute lung injury with cerebral reperfusion injury. Subsequently, we consider the role that interventions designed to short-circuit lung-dependent immune priming might play in improving patient outcomes following cardiac arrest and possibly other acute neurological injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,2 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen Miller-Rhodes
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,2 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sara Knowlden
- 2 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marc W Halterman
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,2 Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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14
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Goury A, Poirson F, Chaput U, Voicu S, Garçon P, Beeken T, Malissin I, Kerdjana L, Chelly J, Vodovar D, Oueslati H, Ekherian JM, Marteau P, Vicaut E, Megarbane B, Deye N. Targeted temperature management using the "Esophageal Cooling Device" after cardiac arrest (the COOL study): A feasibility and safety study. Resuscitation 2017; 121:54-61. [PMID: 28951293 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted temperature management (TTM) between 32 and 36°C is recommended after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the "Esophageal Cooling Device" (ECD) in performing TTM. PATIENTS AND METHODS This single-centre, prospective, interventional study included 17 comatose OHCA patients. Main exclusion criteria were: delay between OHCA and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)>60min, delay between sustained ROSC and inclusion >360min, known oesophageal disease. A TTM between 32 and 34°C was performed using the ECD (Advanced Cooling Therapy, USA) connected to a heat exchanger console (Meditherm III®, Gaymar, France), without cold fluids' use. Primary endpoint was feasibility of inducing, maintaining TTM, and rewarming using the ECD alone. Secondary endpoints were adverse events, focusing on potential digestive damages. Results were expressed as median (interquartiles 25-75). RESULTS Cooling rate to reach the Target Temperature (33°C-TT) was 0.26°C/h [0.19-0.36]. All patients reached the 32-34°C range with a time spent within the range of 26h [21-28] (3 patients did not reach 33°C). Temperature deviation outside the TT during TTM-maintenance was 0.10°C [0.03-0.20]. Time with deviation >1°C was 0h. Rewarming rate was 0.20°C/h [0.18-0.22]. Among the 16 gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures performed, 10 (62.5%) were normal. Minor oeso-gastric injuries (37.5% and 19%, respectively) were similar to usual orogastric tube injuries. One patient experienced severe oesophagitis mimicking peptic lesions, not cooling-related. No patient among the 9 alive at 3-month follow-up had gastrointestinal complains. CONCLUSION ECD seems an interesting, safe, accurate, semi-invasive cooling method in OHCA patients treated with 33°C-TTM, particularly during the maintenance phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Goury
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Florent Poirson
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Ulriikka Chaput
- Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Voicu
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Pierre Garçon
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Thomas Beeken
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Isabelle Malissin
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Lamia Kerdjana
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Jonathan Chelly
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France; Clinical Research Unit-Groupe Hospitalier Sud Île de France, 77000 Melun, France
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Haikel Oueslati
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Jean Michel Ekherian
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Philippe Marteau
- Hépato-gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Fernand Widal, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France; INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Deye
- Réanimation Médicale & Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France; INSERM U942, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
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15
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Mai N, Prifti L, Rininger A, Bazarian H, Halterman MW. Endotoxemia induces lung-brain coupling and multi-organ injury following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:82-91. [PMID: 28757259 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-ischemic neurodegeneration remains the principal cause of mortality following cardiac resuscitation. Recent studies have implicated gastrointestinal ischemia in the sepsis-like response associated with the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). However, the extent to which the resulting low-grade endotoxemia present in up to 86% of resuscitated patients affects cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been investigated. Here we report that a single injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (50μg/kg, IP) delivered after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) induces blood-brain barrier permeability, microglial activation, cortical injury, and functional decline in vivo, compared to ischemia alone. And while GCI was sufficient to induce neutrophil (PMN) activation and recruitment to the post-ischemic CNS, minimal endotoxemia exhibited synergistic effects on markers of systemic inflammation including PMN priming, lung damage, and PMN burden within the lung and other non-ischemic organs including the kidney and liver. Our findings predict that acute interventions geared towards blocking the effects of serologically occult endotoxemia in survivors of cardiac arrest will limit delayed neurodegeneration, multi-organ dysfunction and potentially other features of PCAS. This work also introduces lung-brain coupling as a novel therapeutic target with broad effects on innate immune priming and post-ischemic neurodegeneration following cardiac arrest and related cerebrovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Landa Prifti
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Aric Rininger
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Hannah Bazarian
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Marc W Halterman
- Center for Neurotherapeutics Discovery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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16
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High Level of Endotoxemia Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Is Associated With Severity and Duration of Postcardiac Arrest Shock*. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:2597-604. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Hypothermie thérapeutique après arrêt cardiaque et infections acquises en réanimation. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-015-1045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Williams ML, Nolan JP. Is enteral feeding tolerated during therapeutic hypothermia? Resuscitation 2014; 85:1469-72. [PMID: 25193798 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia following cardiac arrest tolerate early enteral nutrition. METHODS We undertook a single-centre longitudinal cohort analysis of the tolerance of enteral feeding by 55 patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. The observation period was divided into three phases: (1) 24h at target temperature (32-34 °C); (2) 24h rewarming to 36.5 °C; and (3) 24h maintained at a core temperature below 37.5 °C. RESULTS During period 1, patients tolerated a median of 72% (interquartile range (IQR) 68.7%; range 31.3-100%) of administered feed. During period 2 (rewarming phase), a median of 95% (IQR 66.2%; range 33.77-100%) of administered feed was tolerated. During period 3 (normothermia) a median of 100% (IQR 4.75%; range 95.25-100%) of administered feed was tolerated. The highest incidence of vomiting or regurgitation of feed (19% of patients) occurred between 24 and 48 h of therapy. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia following cardiac arrest may be able to tolerate a substantial proportion of their daily nutritional requirements. It is possible that routine use of prokinetic drugs during this period may increase the success of feed delivery enterally and this could usefully be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Williams
- Intensive Therapy Unit, Royal United Hospital, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, United Kingdom.
| | - Jerry P Nolan
- Intensive Therapy Unit, Royal United Hospital, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, United Kingdom
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19
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Grimaldi D, Guivarch E, Neveux N, Fichet J, Pène F, Marx JS, Chiche JD, Cynober L, Mira JP, Cariou A. Markers of intestinal injury are associated with endotoxemia in successfully resuscitated patients. Resuscitation 2012; 84:60-5. [PMID: 22743354 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gut dysfunction is suspected to play a major role in the pathophysiology of post-resuscitation disease through an increase in intestinal permeability and endotoxin release. However this dysfunction often remains occult and is poorly investigated. The aim of this pilot study was to explore intestinal failure biomarkers in post-cardiac arrest patients and to correlate them with endotoxemia. METHODS Following resuscitation after cardiac arrest, 21 patients were prospectively studied. Urinary intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), which marks intestinal permeability, plasma citrulline, which reflects the functional enterocyte mass, and whole blood endotoxin were measured at admission, days 1-3 and 6. We explored the kinetics of release and the relationship between IFABP, citrulline and endotoxin values. RESULTS IFABP was extremely high at admission and normalized at D3 (6668 pg/mL vs 39 pg/mL, p=0.01). Lowest median of citrulline (N=20-40 μmol/L) was attained at D2 (11 μmol/L at D2 vs 24 μmol/L at admission, p=0.01) and tended to normalize at D6 (21 μmol/L). During ICU stay, 86% of patients presented a detectable endotoxemia. Highest endotoxin level was positively correlated with highest IFABP level (R(2)=0.31, p=0.01) and was inversely correlated with lowest plasma citrulline levels (R(2)=0.55, p<0.001). Endotoxin levels increased between admission and D2 in patients with post-resuscitation shock, whereas it decreases in patients with no shock (median +0.33 EU vs -0.19 EU, p=0.03). Highest endotoxin level was positively correlated with D3 SOFA score (R(2)=0.45, p=0.004). CONCLUSION Biomarkers of intestinal injury are altered after cardiac arrest and are associated with endotoxemia. This could worsen post-resuscitation shock and organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grimaldi
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Broca Cochin Hotel-Dieu, AP-HP, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France
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Abstract
Cardiac arrest in infants and children is a rare but critical event that typically follows a period of respiratory or circulatory compromise and has a low survival rate. The only intervention demonstrated to increase survival rate is the provision of bystander CPR. This article examines the pathophysiology of the postarrest reperfusion state; postresuscitation care of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; postresuscitation neurologic management; therapeutic hypothermia; blood glucose control; immunologic disturbances and infections; coagulation abnormalities; and gastrointestinal and hepatic dysfunction, among other topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E Kleinman
- Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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In this issue. Resuscitation 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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