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Berg KM, Bray JE, Ng KC, Liley HG, Greif R, Carlson JN, Morley PT, Drennan IR, Smyth M, Scholefield BR, Weiner GM, Cheng A, Djärv T, Abelairas-Gómez C, Acworth J, Andersen LW, Atkins DL, Berry DC, Bhanji F, Bierens J, Bittencourt Couto T, Borra V, Böttiger BW, Bradley RN, Breckwoldt J, Cassan P, Chang WT, Charlton NP, Chung SP, Considine J, Costa-Nobre DT, Couper K, Dainty KN, Dassanayake V, Davis PG, Dawson JA, Fernanda de Almeida M, De Caen AR, Deakin CD, Dicker B, Douma MJ, Eastwood K, El-Naggar W, Fabres JG, Fawke J, Fijacko N, Finn JC, Flores GE, Foglia EE, Folke F, Gilfoyle E, Goolsby CA, Granfeldt A, Guerguerian AM, Guinsburg R, Hatanaka T, Hirsch KG, Holmberg MJ, Hosono S, Hsieh MJ, Hsu CH, Ikeyama T, Isayama T, Johnson NJ, Kapadia VS, Daripa Kawakami M, Kim HS, Kleinman ME, Kloeck DA, Kudenchuk P, Kule A, Kurosawa H, Lagina AT, Lauridsen KG, Lavonas EJ, Lee HC, Lin Y, Lockey AS, Macneil F, Maconochie IK, John Madar R, Malta Hansen C, Masterson S, Matsuyama T, McKinlay CJD, Meyran D, Monnelly V, Nadkarni V, Nakwa FL, Nation KJ, Nehme Z, Nemeth M, Neumar RW, Nicholson T, Nikolaou N, Nishiyama C, Norii T, Nuthall GA, Ohshimo S, Olasveengen TM, Gene Ong YK, Orkin AM, Parr MJ, Patocka C, Perkins GD, Perlman JM, Rabi Y, Raitt J, Ramachandran S, Ramaswamy VV, Raymond TT, Reis AG, Reynolds JC, Ristagno G, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Roehr CC, Rüdiger M, Sakamoto T, Sandroni C, Sawyer TL, Schexnayder SM, Schmölzer GM, Schnaubelt S, Semeraro F, Singletary EM, Skrifvars MB, Smith CM, Soar J, Stassen W, Sugiura T, Tijssen JA, Topjian AA, Trevisanuto D, Vaillancourt C, Wyckoff MH, Wyllie JP, Yang CW, Yeung J, Zelop CM, Zideman DA, Nolan JP. 2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces. Resuscitation 2024; 195:109992. [PMID: 37937881 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation engages in a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid science. Draft Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations are posted online throughout the year, and this annual summary provides more concise versions of the final Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations from all task forces for the year. Topics addressed by systematic reviews this year include resuscitation of cardiac arrest from drowning, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adults and children, calcium during cardiac arrest, double sequential defibrillation, neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest for adults and children, maintaining normal temperature after preterm birth, heart rate monitoring methods for diagnostics in neonates, detection of exhaled carbon dioxide in neonates, family presence during resuscitation of adults, and a stepwise approach to resuscitation skills training. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces list priority knowledge gaps for further research. Additional topics are addressed with scoping reviews and evidence updates.
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Berg KM, Bray JE, Ng KC, Liley HG, Greif R, Carlson JN, Morley PT, Drennan IR, Smyth M, Scholefield BR, Weiner GM, Cheng A, Djärv T, Abelairas-Gómez C, Acworth J, Andersen LW, Atkins DL, Berry DC, Bhanji F, Bierens J, Bittencourt Couto T, Borra V, Böttiger BW, Bradley RN, Breckwoldt J, Cassan P, Chang WT, Charlton NP, Chung SP, Considine J, Costa-Nobre DT, Couper K, Dainty KN, Dassanayake V, Davis PG, Dawson JA, de Almeida MF, De Caen AR, Deakin CD, Dicker B, Douma MJ, Eastwood K, El-Naggar W, Fabres JG, Fawke J, Fijacko N, Finn JC, Flores GE, Foglia EE, Folke F, Gilfoyle E, Goolsby CA, Granfeldt A, Guerguerian AM, Guinsburg R, Hatanaka T, Hirsch KG, Holmberg MJ, Hosono S, Hsieh MJ, Hsu CH, Ikeyama T, Isayama T, Johnson NJ, Kapadia VS, Kawakami MD, Kim HS, Kleinman ME, Kloeck DA, Kudenchuk P, Kule A, Kurosawa H, Lagina AT, Lauridsen KG, Lavonas EJ, Lee HC, Lin Y, Lockey AS, Macneil F, Maconochie IK, Madar RJ, Malta Hansen C, Masterson S, Matsuyama T, McKinlay CJD, Meyran D, Monnelly V, Nadkarni V, Nakwa FL, Nation KJ, Nehme Z, Nemeth M, Neumar RW, Nicholson T, Nikolaou N, Nishiyama C, Norii T, Nuthall GA, Ohshimo S, Olasveengen TM, Ong YKG, Orkin AM, Parr MJ, Patocka C, Perkins GD, Perlman JM, Rabi Y, Raitt J, Ramachandran S, Ramaswamy VV, Raymond TT, Reis AG, Reynolds JC, Ristagno G, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Roehr CC, Rüdiger M, Sakamoto T, Sandroni C, Sawyer TL, Schexnayder SM, Schmölzer GM, Schnaubelt S, Semeraro F, Singletary EM, Skrifvars MB, Smith CM, Soar J, Stassen W, Sugiura T, Tijssen JA, Topjian AA, Trevisanuto D, Vaillancourt C, Wyckoff MH, Wyllie JP, Yang CW, Yeung J, Zelop CM, Zideman DA, Nolan JP. 2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces. Circulation 2023; 148:e187-e280. [PMID: 37942682 PMCID: PMC10713008 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation engages in a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid science. Draft Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations are posted online throughout the year, and this annual summary provides more concise versions of the final Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations from all task forces for the year. Topics addressed by systematic reviews this year include resuscitation of cardiac arrest from drowning, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adults and children, calcium during cardiac arrest, double sequential defibrillation, neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest for adults and children, maintaining normal temperature after preterm birth, heart rate monitoring methods for diagnostics in neonates, detection of exhaled carbon dioxide in neonates, family presence during resuscitation of adults, and a stepwise approach to resuscitation skills training. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces list priority knowledge gaps for further research. Additional topics are addressed with scoping reviews and evidence updates.
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AlRadini FA, Sabbagh AY, Alamri FA, Almuzaini Y, Alsofayan YM, Alahmari AA, Khan AA, Amer SA, Alanazi RC, Alanazi IF, Shubayli AA, Alkenani RM, Mzahim B, Maghraby N, Salamah AM, Aljahany M. Application of Automated External Defibrillators Among the Public: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Barriers of Use in Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5089-5096. [PMID: 37954656 PMCID: PMC10637232 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s442167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The likelihood of survival of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest quadruples with the rapid application of basic life support (BLS). The public's ability to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use automated external defibrillators (AEDs) is extremely important. This study aimed to assess the public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of utilizing AEDs and to understand barriers to AED application. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March 1-30, 2022. An electronic questionnaire was constructed and validated to measure the KAP for public AED utilization and its barriers. Results Of the 406 participants, 244 (60.10%) were males. Male respondents had 17% less knowledge and poorer attitude towards using an AED as compared to female respondents. Knowledge and attitudes on using AEDs were low (70.7%) among Saudi nationals compared to those of foreign nationals. Those who were BLS/CPR trained had a 2.5 times greater understanding and willingness to use AEDs in public than those who were not. Barriers to AEDs in CPR/BLS-trained participants were: (1) accidentally hurting the victim (14.3%), (2) duty as a bystander to just call the ambulance and wait for help (12.1%), (3) never taught what to do (n = 41, 18.4%), (4) did not want to be scolded if performed wrong (3.1%), and (5) never witnessed such a situation (51.6%). Conclusion There is a strong association between knowledge of and willingness to use AEDs in emergency situations among the public. Misconceptions about AEDs hinder their use. This calls for urgent training programs through accessible technology to reach the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A AlRadini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Y Sabbagh
- Emergency Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alamri
- Global Center of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Family Medicine Department, Primary Health Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Almuzaini
- Global Center of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef M Alsofayan
- General Directorate of Data and Research, Saudi Red Crescent Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Alahmari
- Global Center of Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas A Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar A Amer
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem C Alanazi
- Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed A Shubayli
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola M Alkenani
- Department of Nephrology Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandr Mzahim
- Emergency Medicine, EMS and Disaster Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisreen Maghraby
- Emergency Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muna Aljahany
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ko YC, Hsieh MJ, Schnaubelt S, Matsuyama T, Cheng A, Greif R. Disparities in layperson resuscitation education: A scoping review. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 72:137-146. [PMID: 37531710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this scoping review was to identify factors that would enable or hinder the opportunity for laypersons to undertake resuscitation education. METHODS We searched PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify studies published from January 1, 1966 to December 31, 2022 including factors that could influence laypersons to undertake resuscitation education. Data regarding participant characteristics, interventions, and design and outcomes of included studies were extracted. RESULTS Of the initially identified 6627 studies, 23 studies (20 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies) were finally included. Among them, a wide variety of enablers and barriers were identified. High heterogeneity among studies was observed. We categorized factors into three themes: personal factors (age, sex, race, family status, language, prior experience of resuscitation, and immigration status), socioeconomic and educational factors (income, societal status, occupation and legislation, and educational attainment), and geographic factors (birthplace and habitancy). Several barriers were identified that affect laypersons from participating in resuscitation training, such as personal factors like advanced age, lower socioeconomic and educational status, as well as being part of marginalized groups due to race or language barriers. On the other hand, several enablers identified in the study included prior experiences of witnessing someone collapsing, awareness of automated external defibrillators in public locations, certain occupations, or legal requirements for training. CONCLUSIONS Various barriers and enablers were found to influence laypersons to participate in resuscitation training. To enhance layperson response to cardiac arrest, targeted initiatives that aim to eliminate barriers need to be initiated, and further research is required to explore factors relating to populations with special needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chih Ko
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Adam Cheng
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Greif
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Priscilla Ng T, Wai-Onn Eng S, Xin Rui Ting J, Bok C, Yang Hong Tay G, Yeon Joyce Kong S, Stassen W, Zhang L, Eng Hock Ong M, Blewer AL, Wei Yeo J, Fu Wah Ho A. Global prevalence of basic life support training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 2023; 186:109771. [PMID: 36934835 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest exerts a large disease burden, which may be mitigated by bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation. We aimed to estimate the global prevalence and distribution of bystander training among laypersons, which are poorly understood, and to identify their determinants. METHODS We searched electronic databases for cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of bystander training from representative population samples. Pooled prevalence was calculated using random-effects models. Key outcome was cardiopulmonary resuscitation training (training within two-years and those who were ever trained). We explored determinants of interest using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS 28 studies were included, representing 53,397 laypersons. Among national studies, the prevalence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training within two-years and among those who were ever trained, and automated external defibrillator training was 10.02% (95% CI 6.60-14.05) and 39.64% (95%CI 29.11-50.67), and 15.70% (95% CI 10.17-22.18) respectively. Subgroup analyses by continent revealed pooled prevalence estimates of 31.58% (95%CI 18.70-46.09), 52.62% (95%CI 38.40-66.63), 18.93 (95%CI 0.00-62.94), 64.97% (95%CI 64.00-65.93), and 50.56% (95%CI 47.57-53.54) in Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, and Oceania respectively, with significant subgroup differences (p<0.01). A country's income and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training (ever trained) (p=0.033) were positively correlated. Similarly, this prevalence was higher among the employed (p<0.00001) and highly educated (p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Large regional variation exists in data availability and bystander training prevalence. Socioeconomic status correlated with prevalence of bystander training, and regional disparities were apparent between continents. Bystander training should be promoted, particularly in Asia, Middle East, and low-income regions. Data availability should be encouraged from under-represented regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Priscilla Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Wai-Onn Eng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Xin Rui Ting
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chermaine Bok
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Willem Stassen
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, China
| | - Marcus Eng Hock Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Pre-hospital and Emergency Research Center, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Audrey L Blewer
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, USA; Pre-hospital and Emergency Research Center, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Fu Wah Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Pre-hospital and Emergency Research Center, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Uny I, Angus K, Duncan E, Dobbie F. Barriers and facilitators to delivering bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in deprived communities: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health 2023; 143:43-53. [PMID: 35100885 PMCID: PMC9912310 DOI: 10.1177/17579139211055497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a higher incidence of cardiac arrest in economically deprived areas; however, data show that bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in those areas is lower. This results in lower survival rates, placing those communities at a double disadvantage. This systematic review explored the barriers and facilitators to engaging with bystander CPR in deprived communities. METHODS Studies were eligible for inclusion if they addressed any barrier or facilitator to performing bystander CPR or being trained in CPR or training others. Studies had to either be set in a deprived area or examine a deprived population. Selected studies were published between January 2000 and December 2017 and reported on primary research. No language limitations were applied. Searches were conducted in the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. Unpublished 'grey' literature was also searched as well as the reference lists of any relevant studies. RESULTS The systematic review highlighted several main factors acting as barriers or facilitators to engaging with bystander CPR in deprived communities: (1) the willingness to learn or perform CPR, (2) the confidence to perform CPR, and (3) self-reported likelihood of performing CPR. The review also revealed additional barriers to engaging with CPR which are specific to - or more acute for - individuals from socioeconomically deprived backgrounds or areas. DISCUSSION We found little evidence suggesting that the willingness to perform or learn bystander CPR is lower in deprived communities compared to the general population. However, the confidence to perform CPR in deprived communities was affected by some measures of socioeconomic status. The results also crucially highlighted other barriers more acute in deprived communities: the risk to personal safety in administering CPR; the fear of legal consequences; and the lack of community cohesion and other cultural barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Uny
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - K Angus
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health,
Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling,
UK
| | - E Duncan
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health
Professions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University
of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - F Dobbie
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and
Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Dong X, Kong SYJ, Xu H, Ho AFW, Blewer AL, Birkenes TS, Myklebust H, Zheng X, Li M, Zheng ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang L. "Needed but lacked": Exploring demand- and supply-side determinants of access to cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for the lay public in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1164744. [PMID: 37124786 PMCID: PMC10130457 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1164744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite years of public cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training efforts, the training rate and survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have increased modestly in China. Access is imperative to increase the public CPR training rate, which is determined by both demand- (e.g., the lay public) and supply-side (e.g., CPR trainers) factors. We aimed to explore the demand and supply determinants of access to CPR training for the lay public in China. Methods Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 77 laypeople (demand side) and eight key stakeholders from CPR training institutions (supply side) in Shanghai, China. The interview guide was informed by Levesque et al. healthcare access framework. Data were transcribed, quantified, described, and analyzed through thematic content analysis. Results On the demand side, the laypeople's ability to perceive their need and willingness for CPR training was strong. However, they failed to access CPR training mainly due to the lack of information on where to get trained. Overestimation of skills, optimism bias, and misconceptions impeded laypeople from attending training. On the supply side, trainers were able to meet the needs of the trainees with existing resources, but they relied on participants who actively sought out and registered for training and lacked an understanding of the needs of the public for marketing and encouraging participation in the training. Conclusion Insufficient information and lack of initiative on the demand side, lack of motivation, and understanding of public needs on the supply side all contributed to the persistently low CPR training rate in China. Suppliers should integrate resources, take the initiative to increase the CPR training rate, innovate training modes, expand correct publicity, and establish whole-process management of training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Dong
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hanbing Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew Fu Wah Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Pre-Hospital and Emergency Research Centre, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Audrey L. Blewer
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | | | - Minghua Li
- Shanghai Medical Emergency Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Shanghai Medical Emergency Center, Shanghai, China
- Zhifeng Zhang
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang
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8
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Alrasheedi SM, Alrashdi MN, Almutairi KF, Alruways AF, Almutairi IN, Alfehaid SN, Alrashdi OA, Alkhdairi A, Alrashidi AS, Aloraini YN. Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Basic Life Support Among the Population With Relatives Suffering From Heart Diseases in the Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e31530. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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9
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Tellier É, Lacaze M, Naud J, Sanchez O, Vally R, Bérard C, Revel P, Galinski M, Gil-Jardiné C. Comparison of two infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques explained by phone in a non-health professionals' population: Two-thumbs encircling hand technique vs. two-fingers technique, a randomised crossover study in a simulation environment. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 61:163-168. [PMID: 36148735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is the reason for an emergency call in approximately 8/100,000 person-years. Improvement of OHCA resuscitation needs a quality chain of survival and a rapid start of resuscitation. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two resuscitation techniques provided on a mannequin, the two-fingers technique (TFT) and the two-thumbs encircling hand technique (TTHT), explained by a trained emergency call responder on the phone in a population of non-health professionals. METHODS We conducted a randomised crossover study in the simulation lab of a University Hospital. The participants included in the study were non-health professional volunteers of legal age. The participants were assigned (1:1 ratio) to two groups: group A: TFT then TTHT, group B: TTHT then TFT. Scenario and techniques were discovered during the evaluation. RESULTS Thirty-five volunteers were randomised before the sessions and 33 ultimately came to the simulation lab. We found a better median QCPR global score during TTHT sessions than during TFT sessions (74 vs. 59, P = 0.046). Linear mixed models showed that the TTHT method was the only variable associated with a better QCPR global score [model 1: β = 14.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.4-26.2; model 2: β = 14.5; 95% CI, 2.5-26.6]. CONCLUSION Our study showed the superiority of TTHT for infant CPR performed by non-health professionals when an emergency call responder advised them over the phone. It seemed to be the best technique for a solo rescuer regardless of previous training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Tellier
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Emergency, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center INSERM U1219-"Injury Epidemiology Transport Occupation" Team, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Lacaze
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Emergency, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Pole Santé Arcachon, Emergency Department, Avenue Jean Hameau, 33164 La Teste de Buch Cedex, France
| | - Julien Naud
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Pediatry, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pediatric Transport Team, SMUR Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Oriana Sanchez
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Emergency, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Rishad Vally
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Emergency, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Bérard
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Emergency, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Revel
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Emergency, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center INSERM U1219-"Injury Epidemiology Transport Occupation" Team, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Michel Galinski
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Emergency, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center INSERM U1219-"Injury Epidemiology Transport Occupation" Team, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Gil-Jardiné
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pellegrin Hospital, Pole of Emergency, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center INSERM U1219-"Injury Epidemiology Transport Occupation" Team, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Birkun A, Gautam A, Trunkwala F. Global prevalence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training among the general public: a scoping review. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2022; 8:255-267. [PMID: 35000353 PMCID: PMC8743682 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.21.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A scoping review was conducted to identify, map, and analyze international evidence from studies investigating the prevalence of community cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. We searched major bibliographic databases and grey literature for original studies evaluating the prevalence of CPR training in the general population. Studies published from January 2000 to October 2020 were included without language or publication type restrictions. Seventy-three eligible papers reported a total of 61 population-based surveys conducted in 29 countries. More than three-fourths of the surveys were conducted in countries with high-income economies, and none in low-income countries. Over half of the surveys were at a subnational level. Globally, the proportion of laypeople trained in CPR varied greatly (median, 40%). For high-income countries, the median percentage was twice as high as that of upper middle-income countries (50% vs. 23%). The studies used heterogeneous survey methods and reporting patterns. Key methodological aspects were frequently not described. In summary, few studies have assessed CPR training prevalence among the general public. The rates of resuscitation training for the vast majority of countries remain unknown. High heterogeneity of studies precludes a reliable interpretation of the research. International Utstein-style consensus guidelines are needed to inform future research and reporting of public resuscitation training worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Birkun
- Department of General Surgery, Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Adhish Gautam
- Department of Emergency, Government Multispeciality Hospital Sector-16, Chandigarh, India
| | - Fatima Trunkwala
- Department of Cardiology, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, United Kingdom
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11
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Birkun A. Laypeople's activity for seeking telephone number of EMS before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: An analysis of web search data. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 53:1-5. [PMID: 34968968 PMCID: PMC8710954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore trends and patterns of laypeople's activity for seeking telephone number of emergency medical services (EMS) based on analysis of online search traffic, including changes of the search activity with onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, in five countries – the United States of America (USA), India, Brazil, the United Kingdom (UK) and Russia. Methods Google Trends (GT) country-level data on weekly relative search volumes (RSV) for top queries to seek EMS number were examined for January 2018–October 2021, including a comparison of RSVs between pre-COVID-19 period (January 2018–October 2019) and COVID-19 period (January 2020–October 2021), and evaluation of temporal associations of RSVs with weekly numbers of new COVID-19 cases. Results The countries demonstrated diverse patterns of the search activity with significantly different mean RSVs (the USA 1.76, India 10.20, Brazil 2.51, the UK 6.42, Russia 56.79; p < 0.001). For all countries excepting the USA mean RSVs of the COVID-19 period were significantly higher compared with the pre-COVID-19 ones (India +74%, Brazil +148%, the UK +22%, Russia +9%; p ≤ 0.034), and exhibited positive correlations with numbers of new COVID-19 cases, more pronounced for 2021 (India rS = 0.538, Brazil 0.307, the UK 0.434, Russia 0.639; p ≤ 0.045). Conclusion Laypeople's activity for seeking EMS telephone number greatly varies between countries. It clearly responds to the spread of COVID-19 and could be reflective of public need for obtaining emergency help. Further studies are required to establish the role of GT for conducting real-time surveillance of population demand for EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Birkun
- Department of General Surgery, Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol 295051, Russian Federation.
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12
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Assessment on CPR Knowledge and AED Availability in Saudi Malls by Security Personnel: Public Safety Perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:7453027. [PMID: 32351583 PMCID: PMC7174933 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7453027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Security personnel are the first ones who attend the scene in the case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at malls. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not enough for those patients; they need an automated external defibrillator (AED) to bring the heart to function normally. This study aimed to assess the current status of CPR and AED knowledge and availability in Saudi malls by security personnel. Using a descriptive design, a study was conducted at seven malls located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and fifty participants were surveyed using the American Heart Association (AHA) 2015 guidelines to assess CPR and AED knowledge and availability in Saudi malls. The sample mean age was 32.60 years (SD = 10.02), and 87% of participants were working as security personnel. The majority of the participants had not received training about CPR and AED (75.8% and 95.2%, respectively). Common misconceptions are fallen into all categories of CPR and AED knowledge. Correctly answered statements ranged from 7.2% in the compression rate to 24.2% in hand placement. The study results indicated a poor training knowledge of CPR and AED in public settings. Integrating high-quality CPR and AED knowledge within the school and college curricula is a vital need. However, in order to maximize the survival rate, it is important to set laws and legislation adopted by stakeholders and decision makers to advocate the people who try to help, mandate AED installation in crowded places, and mandate teaching hands-only CPR and AED together as a package.
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13
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Heard CL, Pearce JM, Rogers MB. Mapping the public first-aid training landscape: a scoping review. DISASTERS 2020; 44:205-228. [PMID: 31524986 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While the public can play a vital role in saving lives during emergencies, intervention is only effective if people have the skills, confidence, and willingness to help. This review employs a five-stage framework to systematically analyse first aid and emergency helping literature from 22 countries (predominately in Asia, Australia, Europe, and the United States). The review covers 54 articles that investigate public first-aid knowledge and uptake of first-aid training (40); public confidence in first-aid skills and willingness to help during an emergency (21); and barriers to or enablers of learning first aid and delivering first aid in an emergency (25). The findings identify high levels of perceived knowledge, confidence, and willingness to help, supporting the contention that the public can play a vital role during an emergency. However, the findings also point to low uptake levels, low tested skill-specific knowledge, and barriers to learning first aid and helping, indicating that the first-aid training landscape is in need of improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia M Pearce
- Lecturer in Social Psychology and Security Studies, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - M Brooke Rogers
- Professor of Behavioural Science and Security, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Birkun A, Trunkwala F, Gautam A, Okoroanyanwu M, Oyewumi A. Availability of basic life support courses for the general populations in India, Nigeria and the United Kingdom: An internet-based analysis. World J Emerg Med 2020; 11:133-139. [PMID: 32351644 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of lay people willing to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in real life is increased by effective education in basic life support (BLS). However, little is known about access of general public to BLS training across the globe. This study aimed to investigate availability and key features of BLS courses proposed for lay people in India, Nigeria and the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS A Google search was done in December 2018, using English keywords relevant for community resuscitation training. Ongoing courses addressing BLS and suitable for any adult layperson were included in the analysis. On-site training courses were limited to those provided within the country's territory. RESULTS A total of 53, 29 and 208 eligible courses were found for India, Nigeria and the UK, respectively. In the UK, the number of courses per 10 million population (31.5) is 79 and 21 times higher than that in India (0.4) and Nigeria (1.5). Course geography is limited to 28% states and one union territory in India, 30% states and the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria. In the UK, the training is offered in all constituent countries, with the highest prevalence in England. Courses are predominantly classroom-based, highly variable in duration, group size and instructors' qualifications. For India and Nigeria, mean cost of participation is exceeding the monthly minimum wage. CONCLUSION In contrast to the UK, the availability and accessibility of BLS courses are critically limited in India and Nigeria, necessitating immediate interventions to optimize community CPR training and improve bystander CPR rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Birkun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; 295051, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Fatima Trunkwala
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; 295051, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Adhish Gautam
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; 295051, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Miriam Okoroanyanwu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; 295051, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Adesokan Oyewumi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; 295051, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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15
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Jarrah S, Judeh M, AbuRuz ME. Evaluation of public awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards basic life support: a cross-sectional study. BMC Emerg Med 2018; 18:37. [PMID: 30373529 PMCID: PMC6206630 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-018-0190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major cause of mortality worldwide. When basic life support techniques are implemented quickly, the chance of survival is doubled. Therefore, this study evaluated public awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards basic life support in Jordan. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 300 Jordanian adults aged over 18 years, recruited from three metropolitan areas in the northern, middle and southern regions. RESULTS A total of 87 participants (29%) stated that they have received training about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Among them, 20 participants (23%) received their training through the media. The highest response rate for cardiac arrest signs was chest pain (n = 129, 43%). Participants who received training had greater knowledge of the three signs of consciousness evaluation. The numbers of participants who received training and performed chest compression, mouth-to-mouth ventilation, and both compression and ventilation were higher than those who did not receive training. Overall, 256 participants (88.3%) reported that they would perform CPR on someone from their family without hesitation. The most important concern about performing CPR was making a mistake. CONCLUSIONS Improving knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an important topic, which can be achieved by training the general population. Media can play an important role in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha Jarrah
- Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahfuz Judeh
- Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Eid AbuRuz
- Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan. .,, Amman, Jordan.
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Nebsbjerg MA, Rasmussen SE, Bomholt KB, Krogh LQ, Krogh K, Povlsen JA, Riddervold IS, Grøfte T, Kirkegaard H, Løfgren B. Skills among young and elderly laypersons during simulated dispatcher assisted CPR and after CPR training. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2018; 62:125-133. [PMID: 29143314 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dispatcher assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) increase the rate of bystander CPR. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of DA-CPR and attainable skills following CPR training between young and elderly laypersons. METHODS Volunteer laypersons (young: 18-40 years; elderly: > 65 years) participated. Single rescuer CPR was performed in a simulated DA-CPR cardiac arrest scenario and after CPR training. Data were obtained from a manikin and from video recordings. The primary endpoint was chest compression depth. RESULTS Overall, 56 young (median age: 26, years since last CPR training: 6) and 58 elderly (median age: 72, years since last CPR training: 26.5) participated. Young laypersons performed deeper (mean (SD): 56 (14) mm vs. 39 (19) mm, P < 0.001) and faster (median (25th-75th percentile): 107 (97-112) per min vs. 84 (74-107) per min, P < 0.001) chest compressions compared to elderly. Young laypersons had shorter time to first compression (mean (SD): 71 (11) seconds vs. 104 (38) seconds, P < 0.001) and less hands-off time (median (25th-75th percentile): 0 (0-1) seconds vs. 5 (2-10) seconds, P < 0.001) than elderly. After CPR training chest compressions were performed with a depth (mean (SD): 64 (8) mm vs. 50 (14) mm, P < 0.001) and rate (mean (SD): 111 (11) per min vs. 93 (18) per min, P < 0.001) for young and elderly laypersons respectively. CONCLUSION Despite long CPR retention time for both groups, elderly laypersons had longer retention time, and performed inadequate DA-CPR compared to young laypersons. Following CPR training the attainable CPR level was of acceptable quality for both young and elderly laypersons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Nebsbjerg
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C Denmark
- Emergency Department; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - S. E. Rasmussen
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - K. B. Bomholt
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - L. Q. Krogh
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C Denmark
- Psychiatric Department; Regional Hospital of Herning; Herning Denmark
| | - K. Krogh
- Centre for Health Sciences Education; Aarhus University; Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus N Denmark
| | - J. A. Povlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Cardiology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus N Denmark
| | - I. S. Riddervold
- Prehospital Emergency Medical Services; Central Denmark Region; Aarhus N Denmark
| | - T. Grøfte
- Prehospital Emergency Medical Services; Central Denmark Region; Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; Regional Hospital of Randers; Randers Denmark
| | - H. Kirkegaard
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C Denmark
- Prehospital Emergency Medical Services; Central Denmark Region; Aarhus N Denmark
| | - B. Løfgren
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus C Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine; Regional Hospital of Randers; Randers Denmark
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Birkun A, Kosova Y. Social attitude and willingness to attend cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and perform resuscitation in the Crimea. World J Emerg Med 2018; 9:237-248. [PMID: 30181790 PMCID: PMC6117537 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To promote potentially life-saving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the proportion of CPR-trained general public and their attitude toward CPR should be assessed, which is yet to be done in the former Soviet Union countries. As a case study, the survey is aimed to investigate the prevalence of CPR training, CPR knowledge, attitude and willingness to attend training and attempt CPR in the general population of the Crimea. METHODS A personal interview survey was done from November 2017 to January 2018 with quota sampling reflecting age, gender and territorial distribution of the Crimean population. RESULTS Out of 384 persons surveyed, 53% were trained in CPR. Of trained, 24% passed training within the last year, 44% attended a single course. Among the non-trained, 51% never thought about the need to attend training. Knowledge of CPR is generally poor. About 52% wish to learn CPR, 79% and 91% are willing to attempt CPR on a stranger or a loved one, respectively. Lack of knowledge is the strongest barrier to attempt CPR. People aged ≥60, those with educational level lower than high school, widowed and retired are mostly untrained and unwilling to learn CPR. Females and unemployed are mostly untrained, but willing to be educated. CONCLUSION There is a need for increasing CPR training and retraining, and improving awareness and motivation to learn CPR in the Crimean population, targeting the least trained groups. The results could be used as a reference point for future studies in the former USSR countries, utilising the same methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Birkun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; 295051, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Yekaterina Kosova
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Taurida Academy of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University; 295007, Prospect Vernadskogo, 4, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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Einav S, Wacht O, Kaufman N, Alkalay E. Cardiopulmonary arrest in primary care clinics: more holes than cheese: a survey of the knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians regarding resuscitation. Isr J Health Policy Res 2017; 6:22. [PMID: 28616160 PMCID: PMC5466743 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-017-0148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients experiencing pre-arrest symptoms may first refer to their primary care physician. The study's aim was to determine the likelihood that a patient undergoing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest will receive appropriate resuscitation efforts in a primary care clinic in a country with a directive that clinics maintain resuscitation equipment and physicians undergo periodic resuscitation training. METHODS An anonymous, 23-question online cross-sectional survey was created and administered to primary care physicians working in community clinics (10/1/2015-5/3/2015). Recruitment was accomplished by posting a link to the survey to all physicians listed as registered Society of Family Medicine members and in other online forums dedicated to residents and board-certified specialists in family medicine in Israel. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of respondents whose responses indicate that they fulfill all conditions for performing resuscitation. RESULTS Of approximately 2400 potential respondents, 185 replied to the survey; the study's findings should be viewed as preliminary. Respondents' characteristics were generally similar to those of the study population, but respondents had a higher rate of family medicine specialists. Respondents were mostly female (n = 108, 58%) Israeli graduates who have practiced medicine for > 10 years (72%, n = 134). 55% (n = 101) had undergone basic life support (BLS) training within < 2 years. Although just 5% (n = 10) estimated call-to-Emergency Medical Service (EMS) arrival time to their clinic to be <5 min, only 64% (n = 119) knew the telephone number for summoning EMS. Most confirmed the existence of a resuscitation cart in their clinic (85%, n = 157); 68% confirmed the presence of a defibrillator (n = 126). Most respondents were aware of the location of the defibrillator in their clinic (67%, n = 123), stated its accessibility during working hours (63%, n = 116), and 56% (n = 103) knew how to use it. Only 28% of the questionnaires indicated that all requirements for mounting an effective BLS response had been fulfilled. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that many primary care clinics are under-equipped and their physicians are under-prepared to initiate life-saving services. Steps must be taken to rectify this situation. In addition, to develop more reliable estimates of the phenomena reported in this preliminary study, these issues should be re-examined in the context of a high response rate physician survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Einav
- Surgical Intensive Care, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, and Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, POB 3235, Beyt 12, Jerusalem, 91031 Israel
| | - Oren Wacht
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Nechama Kaufman
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eliezer Alkalay
- Herut-Mishmeret Family Medicine Clinic, Sharon-Shomron section of the Clalit Healthcare Services, associated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Huang Q, Hu C, Mao J. Are Chinese Students Willing to Learn and Perform Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation? J Emerg Med 2016; 51:712-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Özbilgin Ş, Akan M, Hancı V, Aygün C, Kuvaki B. Evaluation of Public Awareness, Knowledge and Attitudes about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Report of İzmir. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2015; 43:396-405. [PMID: 27366536 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2015.61587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by witnesses increases survival after cardiac arrest. In Turkey, our country, it is rare that basic life support (BLS) is initiated by a layperson. In our study, we aimed to use a survey to research awareness, level of knowledge and attitudes of the public to CPR and BLS. METHODS A 21-question survey was administered to individuals aged ≥18 years on a busy street in a city of a western region of Turkey. Topics such as knowledge about cardiac arrest findings, previous experience of CPR, knowledge of BLS and concerns related to CPR were questioned. RESULTS The fully completed forms of 533 people were evaluated. There were 40.7% who stated that they had received training in CPR. For signs of cardiac arrest, 40.7% answered loss of consciousness, 49.3% answered cessation of breathing and 60.7% answered cessation of circulation. It was found that 35.5% could perform only chest compressions, 27.6% could perform mouth-to-mouth ventilation and 28.7% able to perform both. While 52.0% knew the location for performing chest compressions, 34.3% knew the correct depth and 15.6% knew the correct compression-ventilation rate. Bystander CPR was performed by 3.6%. CONCLUSION In conclusion, 40.7% of people living in a highly educated region in the western part of Turkey had received CPR training and 3.6% performed bystander CPR. A majority of participants stated that they were willing to correct and develop their knowledge and skills related to CPR. Effective public CPR training programmes may increase the knowledge and awareness of CPR in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Özbilgin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Akan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Hancı
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Aygün
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kuvaki
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Ballesteros-Peña S, Fernández-Aedo I, Pérez-Urdiales I, García-Azpiazu Z, Unanue-Arza S. [Knowledge and attitudes of citizens in the Basque Country (Spain) towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automatic external defibrillators]. Med Intensiva 2015; 40:75-83. [PMID: 26645945 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the training, ability and attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automatic defibrillators among the population of the Basque Country (Spain). DESIGN A face-to-face survey. SCOPE Capital cities of the Basque Country. PARTICIPANTS A total of 605 people between 15-64 years of age were randomly selected. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Information about the knowledge, perceptions and self-perceived ability to identify and assist cardiopulmonary arrest was requested. RESULTS A total of 56.4% of the responders were women, 61.8% were occupationally active, and 48.3% had higher education. Thirty-seven percent of the responders claimed to be trained in resuscitation techniques, but only 20.2% considered themselves able to apply such techniques. Public servants were almost 4 times more likely of being trained in defibrillation compared to the rest of workers (OR 3.7; P<.001), while people with elementary studies or no studies were almost 3 times more likely of not being trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in comparison with the rest (OR 2.7; P=.001). A total of 94.7% of the responders considered it "quite or very important" for the general population to be able to apply resuscitation, though 55% considered themselves unable to identify an eye witnessed cardiac arrest, and 40.3% would not recognize a public-access defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS Citizens of the Basque Country consider the early identification and treatment of cardiorespiratory arrest victims to be important, though their knowledge in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ballesteros-Peña
- Departamento de Enfermería I, Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, España; Servicio de Urgencias Generales, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, España.
| | - I Fernández-Aedo
- Departamento de Enfermería I, Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, España
| | - I Pérez-Urdiales
- Departamento de Enfermería I, Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, España
| | - Z García-Azpiazu
- Departamento de Enfermería I, Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, España
| | - S Unanue-Arza
- Departamento de Enfermería I, Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, España
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22
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Wang J, Ma L, Lu YQ. Strategy analysis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the community. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:E160-5. [PMID: 26380744 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.06.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a crucial therapy for sudden cardiac arrest. This appreciation produced immense efforts by professional organizations to train laypeople for CPR skills. However, the rate of CPR training is low and varies widely across communities. Several strategies are used in order to improve the rate of CPR training and are performed in some advanced countries. The Chinese CPR training in communities could gain enlightenment from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- 1 Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China ; 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Li Ma
- 1 Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China ; 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- 1 Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China ; 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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23
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Sasson C, Haukoos JS, Eigel B, Magid DJ. The HANDDS program: a systematic approach for addressing disparities in the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med 2014; 21:1042-9. [PMID: 25269587 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current paradigm of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) blankets a community with training. Recently, the authors have found that high-risk neighborhoods can be identified, and CPR training can be targeted in the neighborhoods in which it is most needed. This article presents a novel method and pilot implementation trial for the HANDDS (identifying High Arrest Neighborhoods to Decrease Disparities in Survival) program. The authors also seek to describe example methods in which the HANDDS program is being implemented in Denver, Colorado. The HANDDS program uses a simple three-step approach: identify, implement, and evaluate. This systematic conceptual framework uses qualitative and quantitative methods to 1) identify high-risk neighborhoods, 2) understand common barriers to learning and performing CPR in these neighborhoods, and 3) implement and evaluate a train-the-trainer CPR Anytime intervention designed to improve CPR training in these neighborhoods. The HANDDS program is a systematic approach to implementing a community-based CPR training program. Further research is currently being conducted in four large metropolitan U.S. cities to examine whether the results from the HANDDS program can be successfully replicated in other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comilla Sasson
- The American Heart Association; Dallas TX
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora CO
- The Colorado School of Public Health; Aurora CO
| | - Jason S. Haukoos
- The University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora CO
- The Colorado School of Public Health; Aurora CO
- The Denver Health and Hospital Authority; Denver CO
| | | | - David J. Magid
- The Institute for Healthcare Research; Kaiser Permanente; Denver CO
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24
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Influence of nationwide policy on citizens’ awareness and willingness to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2013; 84:889-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Sasson C, Meischke H, Abella BS, Berg RA, Bobrow BJ, Chan PS, Root ED, Heisler M, Levy JH, Link M, Masoudi F, Ong M, Sayre MR, Rumsfeld JS, Rea TD. Increasing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Provision in Communities With Low Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rates. Circulation 2013; 127:1342-50. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e318288b4dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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A survey on training in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Latin America, Spain, and Portugal. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2011; 12:e200-4. [PMID: 21057371 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0b013e3181fe2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine how training in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation is provided in the Iberoamerican countries. DESIGN Survey. SETTING Latin America, Spain, and Portugal. SUBJECTS Experts in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation education. RESULTS A questionnaire was sent to experts in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in 21 countries in Latin America, Spain, and Portugal; we received 15 replies. Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training is not included in medical undergraduate or nursing training in any of these countries and pediatric residents receive systematic cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in only four countries. Basic pediatric life support courses, pediatric advanced life support courses, and pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructors courses are given in 13 of 15, 14 of 15, and 11 of 15 respondent countries, respectively. Course duration and the number of hours of practical training were variable: basic life support, 5 hrs (range, 4-8 hrs); practical training, 4 hrs (range, 2-5 hrs); advanced life support, 18 hrs (range, 10-30 hrs); and practical training, 14 hrs (range, 5-18 hrs). Only nine countries (60%) had a national group that organized pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Thirteen countries (86.6%) had fewer than five centers offering pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Respondents considered the main obstacles to the expansion of training in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation to be the shortage of instructors (28.5%), students' lack of financial resources (21.4%), and deficiencies in educational organization (21.4%). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training is not uniform across the majority of Iberoamerican countries, with poor organization and little institutional involvement. National groups should be created in each country to plan and coordinate pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and to coordinate with other Iberoamerican countries.
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27
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Kanstad BK, Nilsen SA, Fredriksen K. CPR knowledge and attitude to performing bystander CPR among secondary school students in Norway. Resuscitation 2011; 82:1053-9. [PMID: 21531067 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential for survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Young people are potentially important bystander CPR providers, as basic life support (BLS) training can be distributed widely as part of the school curriculum. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to nine secondary schools in North Norway, and 376 respondents (age 16-19 years) were included. The completed questionnaires were statistically analysed to assess CPR knowledge and attitude to performing bystander CPR. RESULTS Theoretical knowledge of handling an apparently unresponsive adult person was high, and 90% knew the national medical emergency telephone number (113). The majority (83%) was willing to perform bystander CPR in a given situation with cardiac arrest. However, when presented with realistic hypothetical cardiac arrest scenarios, the option to provide full BLS was less frequently chosen, to e.g. a family member (74%), a child (67%) or an intravenous drug user (18%). Students with BLS training in school and self-reported confidence in their own BLS skills reported stronger willingness to perform BLS. 8% had personally witnessed a cardiac arrest, and among these 16% had performed full BLS. Most students (86%) supported mandatory BLS training in school, and three out of four wanted to receive additional training. CONCLUSION Young Norwegians are motivated to perform bystander CPR, but barriers are still seen when more detailed cardiac arrest scenarios are presented. By providing students with good quality BLS training in school, the upcoming generation in Norway may strengthen the first part of the chain of survival in OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Kanstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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28
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Sipsma K, Stubbs BA, Plorde M. Training rates and willingness to perform CPR in King County, Washington: a community survey. Resuscitation 2011; 82:564-7. [PMID: 21257253 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that high rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in a community will lead to improved survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, factors to consider when designing a far-reaching community CPR training program are not well defined. We explored factors associated with receiving CPR training in the survey community and characteristics contributing to willingness to perform CPR in an emergency. METHODS A telephone survey was administered to 1001 randomly selected residents in September 2008 assessing CPR training history, demographics, and willingness to perform CPR. Characteristics of survey respondents were compared to examine factors that may be associated with reports of being trained compared to reports of never being trained. A stratified analysis compared characteristics of respondents who reported a high level of willingness to perform CPR in those trained compared to those never trained. RESULTS The survey response rate was 39%. Seventy-nine percent of survey respondents reported ever attending a CPR training class. A majority of people (53%) attended their most recent class more than five years ago. People who had never been trained in CPR were older, were more likely to be men and were less likely to have at least a 2-year college degree than those who had ever been trained. Among those who had been trained, younger age, male gender, time of last training and number of times trained were all significantly associated with willingness to perform CPR and none of these factors were associated with willingness in those who had not been trained. CONCLUSIONS Retraining rates, methods for reaching underserved populations and measures that will improve the likelihood that bystanders will perform CPR in an emergency should be considered when designing a community CPR education program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Sipsma
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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29
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Nielsen AM, Henriksen MJV, Isbye DL, Lippert FK, Rasmussen LS. Acquisition and retention of basic life support skills in an untrained population using a personal resuscitation manikin and video self-instruction (VSI). Resuscitation 2010; 81:1156-60. [PMID: 20599315 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Video-based self-instruction (VSI) with a 24-min DVD and a personal resuscitation manikin solves some of the barriers associated with traditional basic life support (BLS) courses. No accurate assessment of the actual improvement in skills after attending a VSI course has been determined, and in this study we assess the skill improvement in laypersons undergoing VSI. METHODS The BLS skills of 68 untrained laypersons (high school students, their teachers and persons excluded from mainstream society) were assessed using the Laerdal ResusciAnne and PC Skill Reporting System 2.0 in a 3 min test. A total score (12-48 points) was calculated and 12 different variables were recorded. The participants attended a 24-min VSI course (MiniAnne, Laerdal) and took home the DVD and manikin for optional subsequent self-training. We repeated the test 3 1/2-4 months later. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the total score (p<0.0001) from 26.5 to 34 points. The participants performed significantly better in checking responsiveness, opening the airway, checking for respiration and using the correct compression/ventilation ratio (all p-values<0.001). The compression depth improved from 38 mm to 49.5 mm and the total number of compressions increased from 67 to 141. The ventilation volume and the total number of ventilations increased, and total "hands-off" time decreased from 120.5 s to 85 s. CONCLUSIONS Untrained laypersons attending a 24 min DVD-based BLS course have a significantly improved BLS performance after 3 1/2-4 months compared to pre-test skill performance. Especially the total number of compressions improved and the hands-off time decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Møller Nielsen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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