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Mazzio EL, Topjian AA, Reeder RW, Sutton RM, Morgan RW, Berg RA, Nadkarni VM, Wolfe HA, Graham K, Naim MY, Friess SH, Abend NS, Press CA. Association of EEG characteristics with outcomes following pediatric ICU cardiac arrest: A secondary analysis of the ICU-RESUScitation trial. Resuscitation 2024; 201:110271. [PMID: 38866233 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are limited tools available following cardiac arrest to prognosticate neurologic outcomes. Prior retrospective and single center studies have demonstrated early EEG features are associated with neurologic outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of EEG for pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in a prospective, multicenter study. METHODS This cohort study is a secondary analysis of the ICU-Resuscitation trial, a multicenter randomized interventional trial conducted at 18 pediatric and pediatric cardiac ICUs in the United States. Patients who achieved return of circulation (ROC) and had post-ROC EEG monitoring were eligible for inclusion. Patients < 90 days old and those with pre-arrest Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scores > 3 were excluded. EEG features of interest included EEG Background Category, and presence of focal abnormalities, sleep spindles, variability, reactivity, periodic and rhythmic patterns, and seizures. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurologic outcome. Associations between EEG features and outcomes were assessed with multivariable logistic regression. Prediction models with and without EEG Background Category were developed and receiver operator characteristic curves compared. RESULTS Of the 1129 patients with an index cardiac arrest who achieved ROC in the parent study, 261 had EEG within 24 h of ROC, of which 151 were evaluable. The cohort included 57% males with a median age of 1.1 years (IQR 0.4, 6.8). EEG features including EEG Background Category, sleep spindles, variability, and reactivity were associated with survival with favorable outcome and survival, (all p < 0.001). The addition of EEG Background Category to clinical models including age category, illness category, PRISM score, duration of CPR, first documented rhythm, highest early post-arrest arterial lactate improved the prediction accuracy achieving an AUROC of 0.84 (CI 0.77-0.92), compared to AUROC of 0.76 (CI 0.67-0.85) (p = 0.005) without EEG Background Category. CONCLUSION This multicenter study demonstrates the value of EEG, in the first 24 h following ROC, for predicting survival with favorable outcome after a pediatric IHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Mazzio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alexis A Topjian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ron W Reeder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert M Sutton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan W Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Heather A Wolfe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maryam Y Naim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stuart H Friess
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas S Abend
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Craig A Press
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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O'Halloran AJ, Reeder RW, Berg RA, Ahmed T, Bell MJ, Bishop R, Bochkoris M, Burns C, Carcillo JA, Carpenter TC, Dean JM, Diddle JW, Federman M, Fernandez R, Fink EL, Franzon D, Frazier AH, Friess SH, Graham K, Hall M, Hehir DA, Horvat CM, Huard LL, Kienzle MF, Kilbaugh TJ, Maa T, Manga A, McQuillen PS, Meert KL, Mourani PM, Nadkarni VM, Naim MY, Notterman D, Pollack MM, Sapru A, Schneiter C, Sharron MP, Srivastava N, Tilford B, Topjian AA, Viteri S, Wessel D, Wolfe HA, Yates AR, Zuppa AF, Sutton RM, Morgan RW. Early bolus epinephrine administration during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation for bradycardia with poor perfusion: an ICU-resuscitation study. Crit Care 2024; 28:242. [PMID: 39010134 PMCID: PMC11251231 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-05018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half of pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) events have an initial rhythm of non-pulseless bradycardia with poor perfusion. Our study objectives were to leverage granular data from the ICU-RESUScitation (ICU-RESUS) trial to: (1) determine the association of early epinephrine administration with survival outcomes in children receiving CPR for bradycardia with poor perfusion; and (2) describe the incidence and time course of the development of pulselessness. METHODS Prespecified secondary analysis of ICU-RESUS, a multicenter cluster randomized trial of children (< 19 years) receiving CPR in 18 intensive care units in the United States. Index events (October 2016-March 2021) lasting ≥ 2 min with a documented initial rhythm of bradycardia with poor perfusion were included. Associations between early epinephrine (first 2 min of CPR) and outcomes were evaluated with Poisson multivariable regression controlling for a priori pre-arrest characteristics. Among patients with arterial lines, intra-arrest blood pressure waveforms were reviewed to determine presence of a pulse during CPR interruptions. The temporal nature of progression to pulselessness was described and outcomes were compared between patients according to subsequent pulselessness status. RESULTS Of 452 eligible subjects, 322 (71%) received early epinephrine. The early epinephrine group had higher pre-arrest severity of illness and vasoactive-inotrope scores. Early epinephrine was not associated with survival to discharge (aRR 0.97, 95%CI 0.82, 1.14) or survival with favorable neurologic outcome (aRR 0.99, 95%CI 0.82, 1.18). Among 186 patients with invasive blood pressure waveforms, 118 (63%) had at least 1 period of pulselessness during the first 10 min of CPR; 86 (46%) by 2 min and 100 (54%) by 3 min. Sustained return of spontaneous circulation was highest after bradycardia with poor perfusion (84%) compared to bradycardia with poor perfusion progressing to pulselessness (43%) and bradycardia with poor perfusion progressing to pulselessness followed by return to bradycardia with poor perfusion (62%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of pediatric CPR events with an initial rhythm of bradycardia with poor perfusion, we failed to identify an association between early bolus epinephrine and outcomes when controlling for illness severity. Most children receiving CPR for bradycardia with poor perfusion developed subsequent pulselessness, 46% within 2 min of CPR onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J O'Halloran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ron W Reeder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tageldin Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael J Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Robert Bishop
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Bochkoris
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Candice Burns
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Joseph A Carcillo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Todd C Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Michael Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J Wesley Diddle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Myke Federman
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ericka L Fink
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Franzon
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aisha H Frazier
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stuart H Friess
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A Hehir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher M Horvat
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leanna L Huard
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martha F Kienzle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tensing Maa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arushi Manga
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick S McQuillen
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen L Meert
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter M Mourani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maryam Y Naim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Notterman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Murray M Pollack
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Anil Sapru
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carleen Schneiter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew P Sharron
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Neeraj Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradley Tilford
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alexis A Topjian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shirley Viteri
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children and Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - David Wessel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Heather A Wolfe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew R Yates
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Athena F Zuppa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert M Sutton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ryan W Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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3
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Shimoda-Sakano TM, Paiva EF, Schvartsman C, Reis AG. Factors associated with survival and neurologic outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest in children: A cohort study. Resusc Plus 2023; 13:100354. [PMID: 36686327 PMCID: PMC9852640 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim In-hospital paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) survival has been improving in high-income countries. This study aimed to analyse factors associated with survival and neurological outcome after paediatric CPR in a middle-income country. Methods This observational study of in-hospital cardiac arrest using Utstein-style registry included patients <18 years old submitted to CPR between 2015 and 2020, at a high-complexity hospital. Outcomes were survival and neurological status assessed using Paediatric Cerebral Performance Categories score at prearrest, discharge, and after 180 days. Results Of 323 patients who underwent CPR, 108 (33.4%) survived to discharge and 93 (28.8%) after 180 days. In multivariable analysis, lower survival at discharge was associated with liver disease (OR 0.060, CI 0.007-0.510, p = 0.010); vasoactive drug infusion before cardiac arrest (OR 0.145, CI 0.065-0.325, p < 0.001); shock as the immediate cause (OR 0.183, CI 0.069-0.486, p = 0.001); resuscitation > 30 min (OR 0.070, CI 0.014-0.344, p = 0.001); and bicarbonate administration during CPR (OR 0.318, CI 0.130-0.780, p = 0.01). The same factors remained associated with lower survival after 180 days. Neurological outcome was analysed in the 93 survivors after 180 days following CPR. Prearrest neurological dysfunction was observed in 31.4%, and neurological prognosis was favourable in 79.7% at discharge and similar after 180 days. Conclusion In-hospital paediatric cardiac arrest patients with complex chronic conditions had lower survival associated with liver disease, shock as cause of cardiac arrest, vasoactive drug infusion before cardiac arrest, bicarbonate administration during CPR, and prolonged resuscitation. Most survivors had favourable neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M. Shimoda-Sakano
- University of Sao Paulo Children Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: R. Santa Justina, 215 ap 62, CEP 04545-041 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Amelia G. Reis
- University of Sao Paulo Children Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Best K, Wyckoff MH, Huang R, Sandford E, Ali N. Pulseless electrical activity and asystolic cardiac arrest in infants: identifying factors that influence outcomes. J Perinatol 2022; 42:574-579. [PMID: 35177792 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on pulseless electrical activity (PEA)/asystolic cardiac arrest (CA) in the infant population. The aim is to describe the incidence and factors associated with outcomes in infants with PEA/asystolic CA. METHODS Single-center retrospective chart review study of infants less than one year of age who suffer in-hospital PEA/asystolic CA from January 1 2011 to June 30 2019. The primary outcome was the return of spontaneous circulation. The secondary outcome was survival to discharge. RESULTS CA occurred in 148 infants and PEA/asystolic was found in 38 (26%). Of those 29 (76%) achieved ROSC, and 12 (32%) survived to discharge. Infants on inotrope support or receiving longer duration of chest compressions and epinephrine had increase mortality. All infants with respiratory etiology of arrest survived to hospital discharge. CONCLUSION PEA/asystolic CAs are uncommon. Poor prognostic indicators include the need for pre-arrest inotrope support and increased duration of chest compressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Best
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Myra H Wyckoff
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- Children's Medical Center Dallas Department of Biostatistics, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ethan Sandford
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Department of Pediatrics Division of Critical Care Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noorjahan Ali
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA.
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5
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Lee EP, Chan OW, Lin JJ, Hsia SH, Wu HP. Risk Factors and Neurologic Outcomes Associated With Resuscitation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:834746. [PMID: 35444968 PMCID: PMC9013941 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.834746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), cardiac arrest (CA) is rare but results in high rates of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective chart review of 223 patients who suffered from in-PICU CA was analyzed from January 2017 to December 2020. Outcomes at discharge were evaluated using pediatric cerebral performance category (PCPC). Return of spontaneous circulation was attained by 167 (74.8%) patients. In total, only 58 (25%) patients survived to hospital discharge, and 49 (21.9%) of the cohort had good neurologic outcomes. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, vasoactive-inotropic drug usage before CA, previous PCPC scale >2, underlying hemato-oncologic disease, and total time of CPR were risk factors associated with poor outcomes. Furthermore, we determined the cutoff value of duration of CPR in predicting poor neurologic outcomes and in-hospital mortality in patients caused by in-PICU CA as 17 and 23.5 min respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Pei Lee
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, and Pediatric Sepsis Study Group, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Oi-Wa Chan
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, and Pediatric Sepsis Study Group, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jainn-Jim Lin
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, and Pediatric Sepsis Study Group, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Hsia
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, and Pediatric Sepsis Study Group, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ping Wu
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Children Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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6
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Huebschmann NA, Cook NE, Murphy S, Iverson GL. Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes Following Pediatric Cardiac Arrest. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:780251. [PMID: 35223692 PMCID: PMC8865388 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.780251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is a rare event in children and adolescents. Those who survive may experience a range of outcomes, from good functional recovery to severe and permanent disability. Many children experience long-term cognitive impairment, including deficits in attention, language, memory, and executive functioning. Deficits in adaptive behavior, such as motor functioning, communication, and daily living skills, have also been reported. These children have a wide range of neurological outcomes, with some experiencing specific deficits such as aphasia, apraxia, and sensorimotor deficits. Some children may experience emotional and psychological difficulties, although many do not, and more research is needed in this area. The burden of pediatric cardiac arrest on the child's family and caregivers can be substantial. This narrative review summarizes current research regarding the cognitive and psychological outcomes following pediatric cardiac arrest, identifies areas for future research, and discusses the needs of these children for rehabilitation services and academic accommodations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Huebschmann
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nathan E Cook
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Murphy
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, United States
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7
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Van de Voorde P, Turner NM, Djakow J, de Lucas N, Martinez-Mejias A, Biarent D, Bingham R, Brissaud O, Hoffmann F, Johannesdottir GB, Lauritsen T, Maconochie I. [Paediatric Life Support]. Notf Rett Med 2021; 24:650-719. [PMID: 34093080 PMCID: PMC8170638 DOI: 10.1007/s10049-021-00887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Paediatric Life Support (PLS) guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). This section provides guidelines on the management of critically ill or injured infants, children and adolescents before, during and after respiratory/cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Van de Voorde
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine UG, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgien
- Federal Department of Health, EMS Dispatch Center, East & West Flanders, Brüssel, Belgien
| | - Nigel M. Turner
- Paediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Niederlande
| | - Jana Djakow
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, NH Hospital, Hořovice, Tschechien
- Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Tschechien
| | | | - Abel Martinez-Mejias
- Department of Paediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Hospital de Terassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spanien
| | - Dominique Biarent
- Paediatric Intensive Care & Emergency Department, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brüssel, Belgien
| | - Robert Bingham
- Hon. Consultant Paediatric Anaesthetist, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, Großbritannien
| | - Olivier Brissaud
- Réanimation et Surveillance Continue Pédiatriques et Néonatales, CHU Pellegrin – Hôpital des Enfants de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Frankreich
| | - Florian Hoffmann
- Pädiatrische Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin, Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Deutschland
| | | | - Torsten Lauritsen
- Paediatric Anaesthesia, The Juliane Marie Centre, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Kopenhagen, Dänemark
| | - Ian Maconochie
- Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College, Imperial College Healthcare Trust NHS, London, Großbritannien
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8
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Yang WS, Kim YJ, Ryoo SM, Kim WY. Independent Risk Factors for Sepsis-Associated Cardiac Arrest in Patients with Septic Shock. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094971. [PMID: 34067038 PMCID: PMC8124653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The clinical characteristics and laboratory values of patients with septic shock who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) have not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IHCA after admission into the emergency department and to identify the factors that increase the risk of IHCA in septic shock patients. This observational cohort study used a prospective registry of septic shock patients and was conducted at the emergency department of a university-affiliated hospital. The data of 887 adult (age ≥ 18 years) septic shock (defined using the Sepsis-3 criteria) patients who were treated with a protocol-driven resuscitation bundle therapy and were admitted to the intensive care unit between January 2010 and September 2018 were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of sepsis-associated cardiac arrest. The patient mean age was 65 years, and 61.8% were men. Sepsis-associated cardiac arrest occurred in 25.3% of patients (n = 224). The 28-day survival rate after cardiac arrest was 6.7%. Multivariate logistic regression identified chronic pulmonary disease (odds ratio (OR) 2.06), hypertension (OR 0.48), unknown infection source (OR 1.82), a hepatobiliary infection source (OR 0.25), C-reactive protein (OR 1.03), and serum lactate level 6 h from shock (OR 1.34). Considering the high mortality rate of sepsis-associated cardiac arrest after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, appropriate monitoring is required in septic shock patients with major risk factors for IHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Soek Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 24252, Korea;
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 44610, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Seung Mok Ryoo
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 44610, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Won Young Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 44610, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Van de Voorde P, Turner NM, Djakow J, de Lucas N, Martinez-Mejias A, Biarent D, Bingham R, Brissaud O, Hoffmann F, Johannesdottir GB, Lauritsen T, Maconochie I. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Support. Resuscitation 2021; 161:327-387. [PMID: 33773830 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
These European Resuscitation Council Paediatric Life Support (PLS) guidelines, are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the management of critically ill infants and children, before, during and after cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Van de Voorde
- Department of Emergency Medicine Ghent University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine UG, Ghent, Belgium; EMS Dispatch Center, East & West Flanders, Federal Department of Health, Belgium.
| | - Nigel M Turner
- Paediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jana Djakow
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, NH Hospital, Hořovice, Czech Republic; Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Abel Martinez-Mejias
- Department of Paediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Hospital de Terassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominique Biarent
- Paediatric Intensive Care & Emergency Department, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Bingham
- Hon. Consultant Paediatric Anaesthetist, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Olivier Brissaud
- Réanimation et Surveillance Continue Pédiatriques et Néonatales, CHU Pellegrin - Hôpital des Enfants de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florian Hoffmann
- Paediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Lauritsen
- Paediatric Anaesthesia, The Juliane Marie Centre, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Maconochie
- Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare Trust NHS, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College, London, UK
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10
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Chang CY, Wu PH, Hsiao CT, Chang CP, Chen YC, Wu KH. Sodium bicarbonate administration during in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 2021; 162:188-197. [PMID: 33662526 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current American Heart Association Pediatric Life Support (PLS) guidelines do not recommend the routine use of sodium bicarbonate (SB) during cardiac arrest in pediatric patients. However, SB administration during pediatric resuscitation is still common in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of SB on mortality and neurological outcomes in pediatric patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to January 2021. We included studies of pediatric patients that had two treatment arms (treated with SB or not treated with SB) during in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE system. RESULTS We included 7 observational studies with a total of 4877 pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Meta-analysis showed that SB administration during pediatric cardiac resuscitation was associated with a significantly decreased rate of survival to hospital discharge (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.63, p value = 0.0003). There were insufficient studies for 24-h survival and neurologic outcomes analysis. The subgroup analysis showed a significantly decreased rate of survival to hospital discharge in both the "before 2010" subgroup (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.30-0.73; p value = 0.006) and the "after 2010" subgroup (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.25-0.87; p value = 0.02). The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of non-randomized studies supported current PLS guideline that routine administration of SB is not recommended in pediatric cardiac arrest except in special resuscitation situations. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol was registered with PROSPERO on 8 August 2020 (registration number: CRD42020197837).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yao Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Peng Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzih City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Topjian AA, Raymond TT, Atkins D, Chan M, Duff JP, Joyner BL, Lasa JJ, Lavonas EJ, Levy A, Mahgoub M, Meckler GD, Roberts KE, Sutton RM, Schexnayder SM. Part 4: Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2020; 142:S469-S523. [PMID: 33081526 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Skellett S, Orzechowska I, Thomas K, Fortune PM. The landscape of paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit. Resuscitation 2020; 155:165-171. [PMID: 32768496 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report the patient characteristics and clinical outcome of paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom (UK) National Cardiac Arrest Audit (NCAA) database. METHODS Analysis of all recorded paediatric cardiac arrests in the NCAA dataset over a seven-year period ending on 31 December 2018, within acute children's hospitals (including standalone paediatric hospitals and hospitals with tertiary paediatric services) and acute general hospitals participating in NCAA. In this period 1456 patients (with 1580 events), 1 month to 16 years of age, received chest compressions and/or defibrillation and were attended by a hospital-based resuscitation team in response to an emergency call. The main outcome measure was survival to discharge. RESULTS For this cohort of paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest patients the overall rates of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were 69.1% with unadjusted survival to hospital discharge of 54.2%. The presenting rhythm was shockable in 4.3% of events and non-shockable in 82.1% (remainder undetermined); rates of survival to hospital discharge associated with these rhythms were 63.9% and 51.7%. A difference in outcomes was observed between Children's hospitals and acute general hospitals with ROSC rates of 79.1% and 55.5% respectively and survival to hospital discharge rates of 57.7% and 49.3% respectively. CONCLUSIONS These first results from the NCAA database describing the outcome of paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest in UK hospitals will serve as a benchmark from which to assess the future impact of changes in service delivery, organisation and treatment for in-hospital cardiac arrest in young people. Outcomes for specialist paediatric centres should be studied further as higher rates of ROSC and survival to hospital discharge were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Skellett
- Paediatric Intensive Care, VCB, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, 4(th) Floor, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | | | | | - Peter-Marc Fortune
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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13
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Agulnik A, Gossett J, Carrillo AK, Kang G, Morrison RR. Abnormal Vital Signs Predict Critical Deterioration in Hospitalized Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Post-hematopoietic Cell Transplant Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:354. [PMID: 32266139 PMCID: PMC7105633 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hospitalized pediatric hematology-oncology and post-hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients have frequent deterioration requiring Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) care. Critical deterioration (CD), defined as unplanned PICU transfer requiring life-sustaining interventions within 12 h, is a pragmatic metric to evaluate emergency response systems (ERS) in pediatrics, however, it has not been investigated in these patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate if CD is an appropriate metric to assess effectiveness of ERS in pediatric hematology-oncology and post-HCT patients and if it is preceded by an actionable period of vital sign changes. Methods: A retrospective review of all unplanned PICU transfers and floor cardiopulmonary arrests in a dedicated pediatric hematology-oncology hospital between August 2014 and July 2016. Vital signs and physical exam findings 48 h prior to events were converted to Pediatric Early Warning System-Like Scores (PEWS-LS) using cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurologic criteria. Results: There were 220 deterioration events, with 107 (48.6%) meeting criteria for CD, representing a rate of 2.98 per 1,000-inpatient-days. Using the first event per hospitalization (n = 184), patients with CD had higher mortality (17.4 vs. 7.6%, p = 0.045), fewer median ICU-free-days (21 vs. 24, p = 0.011), ventilator-free-days (25 vs. 28, p < 0.001), and vasoactive-free-days (27 vs. 28, p < 0.001). Using vital sign data 48 h prior to deterioration events, those with CD had higher PEWS-LS on PICU admission (p < 0.001), spent more time with elevated PEWS-LS prior to PICU transfer (p = 0.008 to 0.023) and had a longer time from first abnormal PEWS-LS (p = 0.007 to 0.043). Significant difference between the two groups was observed as early as 4 h prior to the event (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Hospitalized pediatric hematology-oncology and post-HCT patients have frequent deterioration resulting in a high mortality. In these patients, CD is over 13 times more common than floor cardiopulmonary arrests and associated with higher mortality and fewer event-free days, making it a useful metric in these patients. CD is preceded by a long duration of abnormal vital signs, making it potentially preventable through earlier recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Agulnik
- Division of Critical Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gossett
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Angela K Carrillo
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - R Ray Morrison
- Division of Critical Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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14
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O'Brien CE, Reyes M, Santos PT, Heitmiller SE, Kulikowicz E, Kudchadkar SR, Lee JK, Hunt EA, Koehler RC, Shaffner DH. Pilot Study to Compare the Use of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide-Guided and Diastolic Blood Pressure-Guided Chest Compression Delivery in a Swine Model of Neonatal Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009728. [PMID: 30371318 PMCID: PMC6404892 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The American Heart Association recommends use of physiologic feedback when available to optimize chest compression delivery. We compared hemodynamic parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in which either end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were used to guide chest compression delivery after asphyxial cardiac arrest. Methods and Results One‐ to 2‐week‐old swine underwent a 17‐minute asphyxial‐fibrillatory cardiac arrest followed by alternating 2‐minute periods of ETCO2‐guided and DBP‐guided chest compressions during 10 minutes of basic life support and 10 minutes of advanced life support. Ten animals underwent resuscitation. We found significant changes to ETCO2 and DBP levels within 30 s of switching chest compression delivery methods. The overall mean ETCO2 level was greater during ETCO2‐guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation (26.4±5.6 versus 22.5±5.2 mm Hg; P=0.003), whereas the overall mean DBP was greater during DBP‐guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation (13.9±2.3 versus 9.4±2.6 mm Hg; P=0.003). ETCO2‐guided chest compressions resulted in a faster compression rate (149±3 versus 120±5 compressions/min; P=0.0001) and a higher intracranial pressure (21.7±2.3 versus 16.0±1.1 mm Hg; P=0.002). DBP‐guided chest compressions were associated with a higher myocardial perfusion pressure (6.0±2.8 versus 2.4±3.2; P=0.02) and cerebral perfusion pressure (9.0±3.0 versus 5.5±4.3; P=0.047). Conclusions Using the ETCO2 or DBP level to optimize chest compression delivery results in physiologic changes that are method‐specific and occur within 30 s. Additional studies are needed to develop protocols for the use of these potentially conflicting physiologic targets to improve outcomes of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E O'Brien
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Michael Reyes
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Polan T Santos
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Sophia E Heitmiller
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Sapna R Kudchadkar
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD.,2 Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD.,3 Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Elizabeth A Hunt
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD.,2 Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD.,4 Division of Health Sciences Informatics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
| | - Donald H Shaffner
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD
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15
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Widmann N, Sutton R, Buchanan N, Niles DE, Nazareth G, Nadkarni V, Maltese MR. Simulating blood pressure and end tidal CO2 in a CPR training manikin. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 180:105009. [PMID: 31437806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The American Heart Association supports titrating the mechanics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to blood pressure and end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) thresholds during in-hospital cardiac arrest. However, current CPR manikin training systems do not prepare clinicians to use these metrics to gauge their performance, and currently provide only feedback on hand placement, depth, rate, release, and interruptions of chest compressions. We addressed this training hardware deficiency through development of a novel CPR training manikin that displays simulated blood pressure and ETCO2 waveforms in real time on a simulated clinical monitor visible to the learner, reflecting the mechanics of chest compressions provided to the manikin. Such a manikin could improve clinicians' CPR technique while also training them to titrate CPR quality to physiologic blood pressure and ETCO2 targets as performance indicators. METHODS We used data and key findings from 4 human and 6 animal studies (including 132 human subjects, 61 pigs, and 16 dogs in total) to develop an algorithm that simulates blood pressure and ETCO2 waveforms based on compression mechanics for a pediatric patient. We modified an off-the-shelf infant manikin to incorporate a microcontroller sufficient to process the aforementioned algorithm, and a tablet computer to wirelessly display the simulated waveform. We recruited clinicians with in-hospital CPR experience to perform compressions with the manikin and complete a post-test survey on their satisfaction with designated elements of the manikin and display. RESULTS 34 clinicians performed CPR on the prototype manikin system that simulates real-time bedside monitoring of blood pressure and ETCO2. 100% of clinicians surveyed reported "satisfaction" with the blood pressure waveform. 97% said they thought depth was accurately reflected in blood pressure (0% inaccurate, 3% not sure). 88% reported an accurate chest compression rate modification effect on blood pressure and ETCO2 (3% inaccurate, 9% not sure) and 59% an accurate effect of leaning (6% inaccurate, 35% not sure). Most importantly, all 34 respondents responded "yes" when asked if they thought this system would be helpful for CPR training. CONCLUSION A CPR manikin that simulates blood pressure and ETCO2 was successfully developed with acceptable relevance, performance and feasibility as a CPR quality training tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Widmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Newton Buchanan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dana E Niles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Godfrey Nazareth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vinay Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Matthew R Maltese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Blvd Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Healthcare Provider Perceptions of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality During Simulation Training. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019; 20:e473-e479. [PMID: 31232856 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between quantitative and perceived cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance when healthcare providers have access to and familiarity with audiovisual feedback devices. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING In situ simulation events throughout a pediatric quaternary care center where the use of continuous audiovisual feedback devices during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is standard. SUBJECTS Healthcare providers who serve as first responders to in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. INTERVENTIONS High-fidelity simulation of resuscitation with continuous audiovisual feedback. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Objective data was collected using accelerometer-based measurements from a cardiopulmonary resuscitation defibrillator/monitor. After the simulation event but before any debriefing, participants completed self-evaluation forms to assess whether they believed the cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed met the American Heart Association guidelines for chest compression rate, chest compression depth, chest compression fraction, chest compression in target, and duration of preshock pause and postshock pause. An association coefficient (kappa) was calculated to determine degree of agreement between perceived performance and the quantitative performance data that was collected from the CPR defibrillator/monitor. Data from 27 mock codes and 236 participants was analyzed. Average cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance was chest compression rate 106 ± 10 compressions per minute; chest compression depth 2.05 ± 0.6 in; chest compression fraction 74% ± 10%; chest compression in target 22% ± 21%; preshock pause 8.6 ± 7.2 seconds; and postshock pause 6.4 ± 8.9 seconds. When all healthcare providers were analyzed, the association coefficient (κ) for chest compression rate (κ = 0.078), chest compression depth (κ = 0.092), chest compression fraction (κ = 0.004), preshock pause (κ = 0.321), and postshock pause (κ = 0.40) was low, with no variable achieving moderate agreement (κ > 0.4). CONCLUSIONS Cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance during mock codes does not meet the American Heart Association's quality recommendations. Healthcare providers have poor insight into the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during mock codes despite access to and familiarity with continuous audiovisual feedback.
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Qin S, Chen MH, Fang W, Tan XF, Xie L, Yang YG, Qin T, Li N. Cerebral protection of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) via preservation of mitochondrial function and ERK inhibition in a rat resuscitation model. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2759-2768. [PMID: 31496652 PMCID: PMC6689542 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s215358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Various and opposite roles of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been reported in different studies. We aimed to investigate how EGCG affects the cerebral injury in a cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) model of rat. Methods The rats which were subjected to CA/CPR randomly received low dose of EGCG (3 mg/kg, Low-EGCG group, n=16), high dose of EGCG (9 mg/kg, High-EGCG group, n=16) and equal volume of 0.9% saline solution (NS group, n=16) at the first minute after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The rats underwent anesthesia and intubation were defined as Sham group (n=16). Twenty-four hours after ROSC, neural defect score (NDS), ROS fluorescence intensity, degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, ATP contents and mitochondrial ATP synthase expression were evaluated in the four groups. The expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and cleaved-caspase 3 were also detected by Western blot. Results CA/CPR induced severe ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulated phosphorylation of ERK. EGCG dose-dependently alleviated the IRI after CA/CPR, inhibited ERK activity and restored mitochondrial function and, as indicated by improved NDS, reduced ROS level, decreased mPTP opening, elevated ATP content, increased ATPase expression and downregulated cleaved-caspase 3 level. Conclusion EGCG alleviated global cerebral IRI by restoring mitochondrial dysfunction and ERK modulation in a rat CA/CPR model, which might make it a potential candidate agent against IRI after CA/CPR in the future. Further study is needed to determine whether higher dosage of EGCG might aggravate cerebral IRI post-CA/CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Qin
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Hua Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tan
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xie
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Gui Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Topjian AA, de Caen A, Wainwright MS, Abella BS, Abend NS, Atkins DL, Bembea MM, Fink EL, Guerguerian AM, Haskell SE, Kilgannon JH, Lasa JJ, Hazinski MF. Pediatric Post–Cardiac Arrest Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 140:e194-e233. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest results in a post–cardiac arrest syndrome, which can evolve in the days to weeks after return of sustained circulation. The components of post–cardiac arrest syndrome are brain injury, myocardial dysfunction, systemic ischemia/reperfusion response, and persistent precipitating pathophysiology. Pediatric post–cardiac arrest care focuses on anticipating, identifying, and treating this complex physiology to improve survival and neurological outcomes. This scientific statement on post–cardiac arrest care is the result of a consensus process that included pediatric and adult emergency medicine, critical care, cardiac critical care, cardiology, neurology, and nursing specialists who analyzed the past 20 years of pediatric cardiac arrest, adult cardiac arrest, and pediatric critical illness peer-reviewed published literature. The statement summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and prognostication after return of sustained circulation after cardiac arrest, and it provides consensus on the current evidence supporting elements of pediatric post–cardiac arrest care.
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O'Brien CE, Santos PT, Reyes M, Adams S, Hopkins CD, Kulikowicz E, Hamrick JL, Hamrick JT, Lee JK, Kudchadkar SR, Hunt EA, Koehler RC, Shaffner DH. Association of diastolic blood pressure with survival during paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2019; 143:50-56. [PMID: 31390531 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between survival and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) throughout resuscitation from paediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest. METHODS Retrospective, secondary analysis of 200 swine resuscitations. Swine underwent asphyxial cardiac arrest and were resuscitated with predefined periods of basic and advanced life support (BLS and ALS, respectively). DBP was recorded every 30 s. Survival was defined as 20-min sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). RESULTS During BLS, DBP peaked between 1-3 min and was greater in survivors (20.0 [11.3, 33.3] mmHg) than in non-survivors (5.0 [1.0, 10.0] mmHg; p < 0.001). After this transient increase, the DBP in survivors progressively decreased but remained greater than that of non-survivors after 10 min of resuscitation (9.0 [6.0, 13.8] versus 3.0 [1.0, 6.8] mmHg; p < 0.001). During ALS, the magnitude of DBP change after the first adrenaline (epinephrine) administration was greater in survivors (22.0 [16.5, 36.5] mmHg) than in non-survivors (6.0 [2.0, 11.0] mmHg; p < 0.001). Survival rate was greater when DBP improved by ≥26 mmHg after the first dose of adrenaline (20/21; 95%) than when DBP improved by ≤10 mmHg (1/99; 1%). The magnitude of DBP change after the first adrenaline administration correlated with the timetoROSC (r = -0.54; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Survival after asphyxial cardiac arrest is associated with a higher DBP throughout resuscitation, but the difference between survivors and non-survivors was reduced after prolonged BLS. During ALS, response to adrenaline administration correlates with survival and time to ROSC. If confirmed clinically, these findings may be useful for titrating adrenaline during resuscitation and prognosticating likelihood of ROSC. Institutional Protocol Numbers: SW14M223 and SW17M101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E O'Brien
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - Polan T Santos
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - Michael Reyes
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - Shawn Adams
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - C Danielle Hopkins
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - Jennifer L Hamrick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, San Diego, CA 92123 United States
| | - Justin T Hamrick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, San Diego, CA 92123 United States
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - Sapna R Kudchadkar
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - Elizabeth A Hunt
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States; Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 2024 East Monument St. S 1-200, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States
| | - Donald H Shaffner
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD 21287 United States.
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Hunt EA, Duval-Arnould JM, Bembea MM, Raymond T, Calhoun A, Atkins DL, Berg RA, Nadkarni VM, Donnino M, Andersen LW. Association Between Time to Defibrillation and Survival in Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With a First Documented Shockable Rhythm. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e182643. [PMID: 30646171 PMCID: PMC6324599 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Delayed defibrillation (>2 minutes) in adult in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is associated with worse outcomes. Little is known about the timing and outcomes of defibrillation in pediatric IHCA. OBJECTIVE To determine whether time to first defibrillation attempt in pediatric IHCA with a first documented shockable rhythm is associated with survival to hospital discharge. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study, data were obtained from the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation national registry between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, and analyses were completed by October 1, 2017. Participants were pediatric patients younger than 18 years with an IHCA and a first documented rhythm of pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and at least 1 defibrillation attempt. EXPOSURES Time between loss of pulse and first defibrillation attempt. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were return of circulation, 24-hour survival, and favorable neurologic outcome at hospital discharge. RESULTS Among 477 patients with a pulseless shockable rhythm (median [interquartile range] age, 4 years [3 months to 14 years]; 285 [60%] male), 338 (71%) had a first defibrillation attempt at 2 minutes or less after pulselessness. Children were less likely to be shocked in 2 minutes or less for ward vs intensive care unit IHCAs (48% [11 of 23] vs 72% [268 of 371]; P = .01]). Thirty-eight percent (179 patients) survived to hospital discharge. The median (interquartile range) reported time to first defibrillation attempt was 1 minute (0-3 minutes) in both survivors and nonsurvivors. Time to first defibrillation attempt was not associated with survival in unadjusted analysis (risk ratio [RR] per minute increase, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-1.01; P = .15) or adjusted analysis (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.06; P = .86). There was no difference in survival between those with a first defibrillation attempt in 2 minutes or less vs more than 2 minutes in unadjusted analysis (132 of 338 [39%] vs 47 of 139 [34%]; RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.66-1.13; P = .29) or multivariable analysis (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.75-1.30; P = .93). Time to first defibrillation attempt was also not associated with secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In contrast to published adult IHCA and pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest data, no significant association was observed between time to first defibrillation attempt in pediatric IHCA with a first documented shockable rhythm and survival to hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Hunt
- Division of Health Informatics, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jordan M. Duval-Arnould
- Division of Health Informatics, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melania M. Bembea
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tia Raymond
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric
Critical Care, Medical City Children’s Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aaron Calhoun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville
School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Dianne L. Atkins
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College
of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Robert A. Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and
Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Vinay M. Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and
Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Michael Donnino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary,
Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston,
Massachusetts
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of
Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lars W. Andersen
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of
Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department
of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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The authors reply. Crit Care Med 2018; 44:e762-4. [PMID: 27428138 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The PICU: Perhaps the "Not So Bad" Place to Suffer From Cardiac Arrest for Children Worldwide. Crit Care Med 2018; 44:e762. [PMID: 27428137 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric Cardiac ICUs: What Are the Differences? Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017; 18:989-990. [PMID: 28976463 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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López-Herce J, Matamoros MM, Moya L, Almonte E, Coronel D, Urbano J, Carrillo Á, del Castillo J, Mencía S, Moral R, Ordoñez F, Sánchez C, Lagos L, Johnson M, Mendoza O, Rodriguez S. Paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program in Latin-America: the RIBEPCI experience. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:161. [PMID: 28899383 PMCID: PMC5596484 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-1005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the design and to present the results of a paediatric and neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training program adapted to Latin-America. METHODS A paediatric CPR coordinated training project was set up in several Latin-American countries with the instructional and scientific support of the Spanish Group for Paediatric and Neonatal CPR. The program was divided into four phases: CPR training and preparation of instructors; training for instructors; supervised teaching; and independent teaching. Instructors from each country participated in the development of the next group in the following country. Paediatric Basic Life Support (BLS), Paediatric Intermediate (ILS) and Paediatric Advanced (ALS) courses were organized in each country adapted to local characteristics. RESULTS Five Paediatric Resuscitation groups were created sequentially in Honduras (2), Guatemala, Dominican Republican and Mexico. During 5 years, 6 instructors courses (94 students), 64 Paediatric BLS Courses (1409 students), 29 Paediatrics ILS courses (626 students) and 89 Paediatric ALS courses (1804 students) were given. At the end of the program all five groups are autonomous and organize their own instructor courses. CONCLUSIONS Training of autonomous Paediatric CPR groups with the collaboration and scientific assessment of an expert group is a good model program to develop Paediatric CPR training in low- and middle income countries. Participation of groups of different countries in the educational activities is an important method to establish a cooperation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús López-Herce
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Paediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Dr Castelo 47, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Mother-Child and Developmental Health Network (Red SAMID), Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) referencia Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD12/0026/0001, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Moya
- Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Enma Almonte
- Hospital General Plaza de la Salud, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Diana Coronel
- Centro Nacional para la Salud de la Infancia y la Adolescencia, México, Distrito Federal Mexico
| | - Javier Urbano
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Paediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Dr Castelo 47, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Mother-Child and Developmental Health Network (Red SAMID), Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) referencia Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD12/0026/0001, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Carrillo
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Paediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Dr Castelo 47, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Mother-Child and Developmental Health Network (Red SAMID), Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) referencia Instituto de Salud Carlos III RD12/0026/0001, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Santiago Mencía
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Moral
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Agulnik A, Méndez Aceituno A, Mora Robles LN, Forbes PW, Soberanis Vasquez DJ, Mack R, Antillon-Klussmann F, Kleinman M, Rodriguez-Galindo C. Validation of a pediatric early warning system for hospitalized pediatric oncology patients in a resource-limited setting. Cancer 2017; 123:4903-4913. [PMID: 28881451 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric oncology patients are at high risk of clinical deterioration, particularly in hospitals with resource limitations. The performance of pediatric early warning systems (PEWS) to identify deterioration has not been assessed in these settings. This study evaluates the validity of PEWS to predict the need for unplanned transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) among pediatric oncology patients in a resource-limited hospital. METHODS A retrospective case-control study comparing the highest documented and corrected PEWS score before unplanned PICU transfer in pediatric oncology patients (129 cases) with matched controls (those not requiring PICU care) was performed. RESULTS Documented and corrected PEWS scores were found to be highly correlated with the need for PICU transfer (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.940 and 0.930, respectively). PEWS scores increased 24 hours prior to unplanned transfer (P = .0006). In cases, organ dysfunction at the time of PICU admission correlated with maximum PEWS score (correlation coefficient, 0.26; P = .003), patients with PEWS results ≥4 had a higher Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) (P = .028), and PEWS results were higher in patients with septic shock (P = .01). The PICU mortality rate was 17.1%; nonsurvivors had higher mean PEWS scores before PICU transfer (P = .0009). A single-point increase in the PEWS score increased the odds of mechanical ventilation or vasopressors within the first 24 hours and during PICU admission (odds ratio 1.3-1.4). CONCLUSIONS PEWS accurately predicted the need for unplanned PICU transfer in pediatric oncology patients in this resource-limited setting, with abnormal results beginning 24 hours before PICU admission and higher scores predicting the severity of illness at the time of PICU admission, need for PICU interventions, and mortality. These results demonstrate that PEWS aid in the identification of clinical deterioration in this high-risk population, regardless of a hospital's resource-level. Cancer 2017;123:4903-13. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Agulnik
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Peter W Forbes
- Clinical Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ricardo Mack
- Pediatric Critical Care, Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala.,Francisco Marroquin University School of Medicine, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Federico Antillon-Klussmann
- Hematology/Oncology, Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica, Guatemala City, Guatemala.,Francisco Marroquin University School of Medicine, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Monica Kleinman
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Morgan RW, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Nadkarni VM, Sutton RM, Berg RA. Sepsis-associated in-hospital cardiac arrest: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential therapies. J Crit Care 2017; 40:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Caprarola SD, Kudchadkar SR, Bembea MM. Neurologic Outcomes Following Care in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:193-207. [PMID: 29218262 DOI: 10.1007/s40746-017-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review With increasing survival of children requiring admission to pediatric intensive care units (PICU), neurodevelopmental outcomes of these patients are an area of increased attention. Our goal was to systematically review recently published literature on neurologic outcomes of PICU patients. Recent Findings Decline in neurofunctional status occurs in 3%-20% of children requiring PICU care. This proportion varies based on primary diagnosis and severity of illness, with children admitted for primary neurologic diagnosis, children who suffer cardiac arrest or who require invasive interventions during the PICU admission, having worse outcomes. Recent research focuses on early identification and treatment of modifiable risk factors for unfavorable outcomes, and on long-term follow-up that moves beyond global cognitive outcomes and is increasingly including tests assessing multidimensional aspects of neurodevelopment. Summary The pediatric critical care research community has shifted focus from survival to survival with favorable neurologic outcomes of children admitted to the PICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrill D Caprarola
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX, United States, 77030
| | - Sapna R Kudchadkar
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, United States, 21287
| | - Melania M Bembea
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, United States, 21287
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Morgan RW, Kilbaugh TJ, Shoap W, Bratinov G, Lin Y, Hsieh TC, Nadkarni VM, Berg RA, Sutton RM. A hemodynamic-directed approach to pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (HD-CPR) improves survival. Resuscitation 2017; 111:41-47. [PMID: 27923692 PMCID: PMC5218511 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Most pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCAs) occur in ICUs where invasive hemodynamic monitoring is frequently available. Titrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to the hemodynamic response of the individual improves survival in preclinical models of adult cardiac arrest. The objective of this study was to determine if titrating CPR to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and coronary perfusion pressure (CoPP) in a pediatric porcine model of asphyxia-associated ventricular fibrillation (VF) IHCA would improve survival as compared to traditional CPR. METHODS After 7min of asphyxia followed by VF, 4-week-old piglets received either hemodynamic-directed CPR (HD-CPR; compression depth titrated to SBP of 90mmHg and vasopressor administration to maintain CoPP ≥20mmHg); or Standard Care (compression depth 1/3 of the anterior-posterior chest diameter and epinephrine every 4min). All animals received CPR for 10min prior to the first defibrillation attempt. CPR was continued for a maximum of 20min. Protocolized intensive care was provided to all surviving animals for 4h. The primary outcome was 4-h survival. RESULTS Survival rate was greater with HD-CPR (12/12) than Standard Care (6/10; p=0.03). CoPP during HD-CPR was higher compared to Standard Care (point estimate +8.1mmHg, CI95: 0.5-15.8mmHg; p=0.04). Chest compression depth was lower with HD-CPR than Standard Care (point estimate -14.0mm, CI95: -9.6 to -18.4mm; p<0.01). Prior to the first defibrillation attempt, more vasopressor doses were administered with HD-CPR vs. Standard Care (median 5 vs. 2; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamic-directed CPR improves short-term survival compared to standard depth-targeted CPR in a porcine model of pediatric asphyxia-associated VF IHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Morgan
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Wesley Shoap
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - George Bratinov
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Yuxi Lin
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ting-Chang Hsieh
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert A Berg
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert M Sutton
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Andersen LW, Raymond TT, Berg RA, Nadkarni VM, Grossestreuer AV, Kurth T, Donnino MW. Association Between Tracheal Intubation During Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Survival. JAMA 2016; 316:1786-1797. [PMID: 27701623 PMCID: PMC6080953 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Tracheal intubation is common during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest, although the relationship between intubation during cardiac arrest and outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if intubation during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with improved outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Observational study of data from United States hospitals in the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry. Pediatric patients (<18 years) with index in-hospital cardiac arrest between January 2000 and December 2014 were included. Patients who were receiving assisted ventilation, had an invasive airway in place, or both at the time chest compressions were initiated were excluded. EXPOSURES Tracheal intubation during cardiac arrest . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation and neurologic outcome. A favorable neurologic outcome was defined as a score of 1 to 2 on the pediatric cerebral performance category score. Patients being intubated at any given minute were matched with patients at risk of being intubated within the same minute (ie, still receiving resuscitation) based on a time-dependent propensity score calculated from multiple patient, event, and hospital characteristics. RESULTS The study included 2294 patients; 1308 (57%) were male, and all age groups were represented (median age, 7 months [25th-75th percentiles, 21 days, 4 years]). Of the 2294 included patients, 1555 (68%) were intubated during the cardiac arrest. In the propensity score-matched cohort (n = 2270), survival was lower in those intubated compared with those not intubated (411/1135 [36%] vs 460/1135 [41%]; risk ratio [RR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81-0.99]; P = .03). There was no significant difference in return of spontaneous circulation (770/1135 [68%] vs 771/1135 [68%]; RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.95-1.06]; P = .96) or favorable neurologic outcome (185/987 [19%] vs 211/983 [21%]; RR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75-1.02]; P = .08) between those intubated and not intubated. The association between intubation and decreased survival was observed in the majority of the sensitivity and subgroup analyses, including when accounting for missing data and in a subgroup of patients with a pulse at the beginning of the event. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among pediatric patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest, tracheal intubation during cardiac arrest compared with no intubation was associated with decreased survival to hospital discharge. Although the study design does not eliminate the potential for confounding, these findings do not support the current emphasis on early tracheal intubation for pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars W Andersen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark3Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tia T Raymond
- Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Medical City Children's Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania6Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia7Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania6Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia7Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Anne V Grossestreuer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia9Now with the Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias Kurth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael W Donnino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts11Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Foglia EE, Langeveld R, Heimall L, Deveney A, Ades A, Jensen EA, Nadkarni VM. Incidence, characteristics, and survival following cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the quaternary neonatal intensive care unit. Resuscitation 2016; 110:32-36. [PMID: 27984153 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contemporary characteristics and outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are poorly described. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, interventions, and outcomes of CPR in a quaternary referral NICU. METHODS Retrospective observational study of infants who received chest compressions for resuscitation in the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia NICU between April 1, 2011 and June 30, 2015. Patient, event, and survival characteristics were abstracted from the medical record and the hospital-wide resuscitation database. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify patient and event factors associated with survival to discharge. RESULTS There were 1.2 CPR events per 1000 patient days. CPR was performed in 113 of 5046 (2.2%) infants admitted to the NICU during the study period. The median duration of chest compressions was 2min (interquartile range 1, 6min). Adrenaline was administered in 34 (30%) CPR events. Of 113 infants with at least one CPR event, 69 (61%) survived to hospital discharge. Factors independently associated with decreased survival to hospital discharge were inotrope treatment prior to CPR (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 0.14, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.04, 0.54), and adrenaline administration during CPR (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04, 0.50). CONCLUSIONS Although it was not uncommon, the incidence of CPR was low (<3%) among infants hospitalized in a quaternary referral NICU. Infants receiving inotropic therapy prior to CPR and adrenaline administration during CPR were less likely to survive to hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Foglia
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | | | - Lauren Heimall
- Department of Nursing, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Alyson Deveney
- Department of Nursing, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anne Ades
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Erik A Jensen
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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Zhuo X, Xie L, Shi FR, Li N, Chen X, Chen M. The benefits of respective and combined use of green tea polyphenols and ERK inhibitor on the survival and neurologic outcomes in cardiac arrest rats induced by ventricular fibrillation. Am J Emerg Med 2015; 34:570-5. [PMID: 26783148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral injury is a main factor contributing to a high mortality after cardiac arrest (CA)/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (PD) on the survival and neurologic outcomes after CA/CPR in rats. METHODS First, rats were subjected to CA after CPR. The rats that restored spontaneous circulation were blindly allocated to the saline group (saline, IV, n = 12), the GTP group (GTPs, 10 mg/kg, IV, n = 12), the PD group (PD, 0.3 mg/kg, IV, n = 12), and the GTPs + PD group (GTPs, 10 mg/kg; PD, 0.3 mg/kg, IV, n = 12). Another 12 rats without experiencing CA and CPR were served as a sham group. Survival and the neurologic deficit score were observed for 72 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Second, same experimental procedures were performed, and in 1 of 5 groups, animals were divided into 4 subgroups further according to the different time points (12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], n = 6/group). Brain tissues were harvested at relative time points for the morphologic evaluation as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonylaldehyde, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) measurement. RESULTS Green tea polyphenols, PD, and a combination of GTPs and PD used after ROSC alleviated the morphologic changes of the cerebrum. These 3 treatments also decreased the productions of ROS and malonylaldehyde, increased SOD activities in cerebral tissues, and improved the neurologic deficit and survival rates at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after ROSC. CONCLUSIONS Administration of GTPs and PD after ROSC can alleviate cerebral injury, improve the survival and neurologic outcomes via reduction of ROS, and increase of SOD activity in a rat CA/CPR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhuo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Physiology, School of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fangying Ruan Shi
- Department of Physiology, School of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nuo Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Menghua Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Phillips RS, Scott B, Carter SJ, Taylor M, Peirce E, Davies P, Maconochie IK. Systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes after cardiopulmonary arrest in childhood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130327. [PMID: 26107958 PMCID: PMC4479568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary arrest in children is an uncommon event, and often fatal. Resuscitation is often attempted, but at what point, and under what circumstances do continued attempts to re-establish circulation become futile? The uncertainty around these questions can lead to unintended distress to the family and to the resuscitation team. OBJECTIVES To define the likely outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children, within different patient groups, related to clinical features. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, MEDLINE in-Process & Other non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, Cochrane database of systematic reviews and Cochrane central register of trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), the Health Technology Assessment database, along with reference lists of relevant systematic reviews and included articles. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Prospective cohort studies which derive or validate a clinical prediction model of outcome following cardiopulmonary arrest. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Children or young people (aged 0 - 18 years) who had cardiopulmonary arrest and received an attempt at resuscitation, excluding resuscitation at birth. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Risk of bias assessment developed the Hayden system for non-randomised studies and QUADAS2 for decision rules. Synthesis undertaken by narrative, and random effects meta-analysis with the DerSimonian-Laird estimator. RESULTS More than 18,000 episodes in 16 data sets were reported. Meta-analysis was possible for survival and one neurological outcome; others were reported too inconsistently. In-hospital patients (average survival 37.2% (95% CI 23.7 to 53.0%)) have a better chance of survival following cardiopulmonary arrest than out-of-hospital arrests (5.8% (95% CI 3.9% to 8.6%)). Better neurological outcome was also seen, but data were too scarce for meta-analysis (17% to 71% 'good' outcomes, compared with 2.8% to 3.2%). LIMITATION Lack of consistent outcome reporting and short-term neurological outcome measures limited the strength of conclusions that can be drawn from this review. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS There is a need to collaboratively, prospectively, collect potentially predictive data on these rare events to understand more clearly the predictors of survival and long-term neurological outcome. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO 2013:CRD42013005102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Leeds Children’s Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Matthew Taylor
- Leeds Children’s Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Peirce
- Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Davies
- Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian K. Maconochie
- St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
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