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Eldeeb D, Okada H, Suzuki Y, Seki M, Tanaka J, Mishima K, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Exploring the Role of DNMT1 in Dental Papilla Cell Fate Specification during Mouse Tooth Germ Development through Integrated Single-Cell Transcriptomics and Bulk RNA Sequencing. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00147-6. [PMID: 38942194 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms governing dental mesenchymal cell commitment during tooth development, focusing on odontoblast differentiation and the role of epigenetic regulation in this process. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of dental cells from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) mice to understand the heterogeneity of developing tooth germ cells. Computational analyses including gene regulatory network (GRN) assessment were conducted. We validated our findings using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in vitro loss-of-function analyses using the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor Gsk-3484862 in primary dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs) isolated from E14.5 mouse tooth germs. Bulk RNA-seq of Gsk-3484862-treated DMCs was performed to identify potential downstream targets of DNMT1. RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed diverse cell populations within the tooth germs, including epithelial, mesenchymal, immune, and muscle cells. Using single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC), we identified Dnmt1 as a key regulator of early odontoblast development. IHC analysis showed the ubiquitous expression of DNMT1 in the dental papilla and epithelium. Bulk RNA-seq of cultured DMCs showed that Gsk-3484862 treatment upregulated odontoblast-related genes, whereas genes associated with cell division and the cell cycle were downregulated. Integrated analysis of bulk RNA-seq data with scRNA-seq SCENIC profiles was used to identify the potential Dnmt1 target genes. CONCLUSIONS Dnmt1 may negatively affect odontoblast commitment and differentiation during tooth development. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tooth development and future development of hard-tissue regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Eldeeb
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University.
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo.
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2
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Wan Z, Bai X, Wang X, Guo X, Wang X, Zhai M, Fu Y, Liu Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, Yang R, Liu Y, Lv L, Zhou Y. Mgp High-Expressing MSCs Orchestrate the Osteoimmune Microenvironment of Collagen/Nanohydroxyapatite-Mediated Bone Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308986. [PMID: 38588510 PMCID: PMC11187922 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Activating autologous stem cells after the implantation of biomaterials is an important process to initiate bone regeneration. Although several studies have demonstrated the mechanism of biomaterial-mediated bone regeneration, a comprehensive single-cell level transcriptomic map revealing the influence of biomaterials on regulating the temporal and spatial expression patterns of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is still lacking. Herein, the osteoimmune microenvironment is depicted around the classical collagen/nanohydroxyapatite-based bone repair materials via combining analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. A group of functional MSCs with high expression of matrix Gla protein (Mgp) is identified, which may serve as a pioneer subpopulation involved in bone repair. Remarkably, these Mgp high-expressing MSCs (MgphiMSCs) exhibit efficient osteogenic differentiation potential and orchestrate the osteoimmune microenvironment around implanted biomaterials, rewiring the polarization and osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages through the Mdk/Lrp1 ligand-receptor pair. The inhibition of Mdk/Lrp1 activates the pro-inflammatory programs of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis. Meanwhile, multiple immune-cell subsets also exhibit close crosstalk between MgphiMSCs via the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) signaling pathway. These cellular profiles and interactions characterized in this study can broaden the understanding of the functional MSC subpopulations at the early stage of biomaterial-mediated bone regeneration and provide the basis for materials-designed strategies that target osteoimmune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Wan
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Xiaoqiang Bai
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Mo Zhai
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Ruili Yang
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
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Liu T, You Z, Shen F, Yang P, Chen J, Meng S, Wang C, Xiong D, You C, Wang Z, Shi Y, Ye L. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolite-Coordinated Biohydrogels Augment Cranial Bone Regeneration Through Neutrophil-Stimulated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Recruitment and Histone Acetylation-Mediated Osteogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5486-5503. [PMID: 38284176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cranial bone defects remain a major clinical challenge, increasing patients' life burdens. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites play crucial roles in facilitating bone tissue regeneration. However, the development of TCA cycle metabolite-modified biomimetic grafts for skull bone regeneration still needs to be improved. The mechanism underlying the release of TCA cycle metabolites from biomaterials in regulating immune responses and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate (migration and differentiation) remains unknown. Herein, this work constructs biomimetic hydrogels composed of gelatin and chitosan networks covalently cross-linked by genipin (CGG hydrogels). A series of TCA cycle metabolite-coordinated CGG hydrogels with strong mechanical and antiswelling performances are subsequently developed. Remarkably, the citrate (Na3Cit, Cit)-coordinated CGG hydrogels (CGG-Cit hydrogels) with the highest mechanical modulus and strength significantly promote skull bone regeneration in rat and murine cranial defects. Mechanistically, using a transgenic mouse model, bulk RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA sequencing, this work demonstrates that CGG-Cit hydrogels promote Gli1+ MSC migration via neutrophil-secreted oncostatin M. Results also indicate that citrate improves osteogenesis via enhanced histone H3K9 acetylation on osteogenic master genes. Taken together, the immune microenvironment- and MSC fate-regulated CGG-Cit hydrogels represent a highly efficient and facile approach toward skull bone tissue regeneration with great potential for bench-to-bedside translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziying You
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Puying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuhuai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ding Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengjia You
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Ye F, Wang J, Li J, Mei Y, Guo G. Mapping Cell Atlases at the Single-Cell Level. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305449. [PMID: 38145338 PMCID: PMC10885669 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in single-cell technologies have led to rapid developments in the construction of cell atlases. These atlases have the potential to provide detailed information about every cell type in different organisms, enabling the characterization of cellular diversity at the single-cell level. Global efforts in developing comprehensive cell atlases have profound implications for both basic research and clinical applications. This review provides a broad overview of the cellular diversity and dynamics across various biological systems. In addition, the incorporation of machine learning techniques into cell atlas analyses opens up exciting prospects for the field of integrative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
| | - Yuqing Mei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
| | - Guoji Guo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineDr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310000China
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5
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Okada H, Chung UI, Hojo H. Practical Compass of Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023:10.1007/s11914-023-00840-4. [PMID: 38019344 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review paper provides step-by-step instructions on the fundamental process, from handling fastq datasets to illustrating plots and drawing trajectories. RECENT FINDINGS The number of studies using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is increasing. scRNA-seq revealed the heterogeneity or diversity of the cellular populations. scRNA-seq also provides insight into the interactions between different cell types. User-friendly scRNA-seq packages for ligand-receptor interactions and trajectory analyses are available. In skeletal biology, osteoclast differentiation, fracture healing, ectopic ossification, human bone development, and the bone marrow niche have been examined using scRNA-seq. scRNA-seq data analysis tools are still being developed, even at the fundamental step of dataset integration. However, updating the latest information is difficult for many researchers. Investigators and reviewers must share their knowledge of in silico scRNA-seq for better biological interpretation. This review article aims to provide a useful guide for complex analytical processes in single-cell RNA-seq data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Li B, Li J, Fan Y, Zhao Z, Li L, Okano H, Ouchi T. Dissecting calvarial bones and sutures at single-cell resolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1749-1767. [PMID: 37171117 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cranial bones constitute a protective shield for the vulnerable brain tissue, bound together as a rigid entity by unique immovable joints known as sutures. Cranial sutures serve as major growth centres for calvarial morphogenesis and have been identified as a niche for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the craniofacial skeleton. Despite the established dogma of cranial bone and suture biology, technological advancements now allow us to investigate these tissues and structures at unprecedented resolution and embrace multiple novel biological insights. For instance, a decrease or imbalance of representation of SSCs within sutures might underlie craniosynostosis; dural sinuses enable neuroimmune crosstalk and are newly defined as immune hubs; skull bone marrow acts as a myeloid cell reservoir for the meninges and central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma in mediating immune surveillance, etc. In this review, we revisit a growing body of recent studies that explored cranial bone and suture biology using cutting-edge techniques and have expanded our current understanding of this research field, especially from the perspective of development, homeostasis, injury repair, resident MSCs/SSCs, immunosurveillance at the brain's border, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, 3510198, Japan
| | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1010061, Japan
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3D osteogenic differentiation of human iPSCs reveals the role of TGFβ signal in the transition from progenitors to osteoblasts and osteoblasts to osteocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1094. [PMID: 36658197 PMCID: PMC9852429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the formation of bone-like nodules is regarded as the differentiation process from stem cells to osteogenic cells, including osteoblasts and osteocytes, the precise biological events during nodule formation are unknown. Here we performed the osteogenic induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells using a three-dimensional (3D) culture system using type I collagen gel and a rapid induction method with retinoic acid. Confocal and time-lapse imaging revealed the osteogenic differentiation was initiated with vigorous focal proliferation followed by aggregation, from which cells invaded the gel. Invading cells changed their morphology and expressed osteocyte marker genes, suggesting the transition from osteoblasts to osteocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 3D culture-induced cells with features of periosteal skeletal stem cells, some of which expressed TGFβ-regulated osteoblast-related molecules. The role of TGFβ signal was further analyzed in the transition from osteoblasts to osteocytes, which revealed that modulation of the TGFβ signal changed the morphology and motility of cells isolated from the 3D culture, suggesting that the TGFβ signal maintains the osteoblastic phenotype and the transition into osteocytes requires down-regulation of the TGFβ signal.
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