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Shariati S, Nazari S, Norouzi Seyed Hossini R, Manzano-Sánchez D, Norouzi E. Hybrid Pedagogical Intervention can Decrease Impulsivity and Antisocial Behavior and Improve Motor and Cognitive Functions Among Iranian Adolescent. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 39:266-285. [DOI: 10.1177/08295735241257017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a hybrid pedagogical model consisting of Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) and Teaching for Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) on the impulsivity, antisocial behaviors, and cognitive function of adolescent students. The study involved 60 male adolescent school students with an average age of 13.32 ± 1.65 years. The research was conducted in four stages: pre-test, teaching game and responsibility through table tennis sessions, post-test, and follow-up. The results of rANOVA indicated a significant decrease in impulsivity and antisocial behaviors from the beginning to the end of the intervention, along with an improvement in responsibility, cognitive, and motor function. Notably, the hybrid pedagogical model participants reported lower scores for impulsivity and antisocial behavior and higher scores for cognitive and motor function than their counterparts in the control group. The findings of the present study provide evidence for the effectiveness of hybrid pedagogical model in adolescent school students and physical education settings. These results suggest that hybrid pedagogical model can be a valuable addition to standard interventions such as psychotherapy, for reducing psychological problems and impulsivity in adolescent students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Shariati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Eyvanekey, Semnan, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazari
- Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - David Manzano-Sánchez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ebrahim Norouzi
- Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Otterstedt C, Strömsten LMJ, Sandlund J, Johansson GM. Motor proficiency of persons with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder diagnosed in adulthood. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38632964 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2340123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare (1) motor proficiency of persons diagnosed in adulthood with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with normative values of motor proficiency, and (2) motor proficiency between persons with ADHD and those with ASD diagnosed in adulthood. METHODS A total of 153 adults (median age 32 years, 36% women) participated in this cross-sectional study. Fifty-three persons with predominately inattentive presentation (ADHD-I), 67 persons with combined presentation (ADHD-C), and 33 persons with ASD performed the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). One-sample binominal tests were used to compare motor proficiency against standardized norms of BOT-2 for young adults. One-way ANOVAs and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare test outcomes between the groups. RESULTS The total sample showed significantly impaired motor proficiency in comparison to norms in all test domains (p < 0.001-0.006), except for fine motor skills. The ASD group showed significantly poorer body coordination compared with the ADHD-I and ADHD-C groups, with a moderate effect size (p = 0.003-0.02, η2 = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS Motor proficiency is impaired in most persons with ADHD or ASD diagnosed in adulthood, suggesting that motor assessment should be included in clinical examinations of adults with suspected neurodevelopment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Otterstedt
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Sandlund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gudrun M Johansson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Orifjon S, Jammatov J, Sousa C, Barros R, Vasconcelos O, Rodrigues P. Translation and Adaptation of the Adult Developmental Coordination Disorder/Dyspraxia Checklist (ADC) into Asian Uzbekistan. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:135. [PMID: 37505622 PMCID: PMC10383954 DOI: 10.3390/sports11070135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that emerges in childhood and its symptoms continue through adulthood. The Adult Developmental Coordination Disorders/Dyspraxia Checklist was the first instrument used to screen adults with possible DCD. The psychometric characteristics of the Uzbek version of the scale were explored. An independent translation of the questionnaire from the original version into the Uzbek language was made. The sample comprised 301 Uzbekistan adults, aged between 17 and 42 years old (M = 20.66; SD = 2.26). Analyses were performed using R software (4.1.0). Descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and evidence of reliability in terms of internal consistency were assessed using the psych package (2.1.6), intraclass correlation coefficients were assessed using the irr package (0.84.1), and weighted Kappa were assessed using vcd package (1.4-10). To analyse the factor structure of the ADC scale, when applied to an Uzbekistan sample, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed. In the Uzbek version, a one-factor structure was identified, and moderated psychometric properties were found, which makes it a possible alternative to the original scale when applied to adults. This Uzbek version reduces respondents' fatigue since it is smaller than the original one. More studies are needed to confirm the cut-off scores of this new version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidmamatov Orifjon
- Theory and Methodology of Physical Culture, Faculty of Physical Culture, Urgench State University, Urgench 220100, Uzbekistan
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, CIFI2D, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jasurbek Jammatov
- Theory and Methodology of Physical Culture, Faculty of Physical Culture, Urgench State University, Urgench 220100, Uzbekistan
| | - Cláudia Sousa
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lusófona University, 4000-098 Porto, Portugal
- RECI-Research Unit in Education and Community Intervention, Superior School of Health, Piaget Institute, Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal, 4405-678 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Barros
- RECI-Research Unit in Education and Community Intervention, Superior School of Health, Piaget Institute, Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal, 4405-678 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, CIFI2D, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Rodrigues
- Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, CIFI2D, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Kinesiolab, Laboratory of Human Movement Analysis, Superior School of Sports and Education, Piaget Institute, 4405-678 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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4
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Tan J, Ng CA, Hart NH, Rantalainen T, Sim M, Scott D, Zhu K, Hands B, Chivers P. Reduced Peak Bone Mass in Young Adults With Low Motor Competence. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:665-677. [PMID: 36795323 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Although suboptimal bone health has been reported in children and adolescents with low motor competence (LMC), it is not known whether such deficits are present at the time of peak bone mass. We examined the impact of LMC on bone mineral density (BMD) in 1043 participants (484 females) from the Raine Cohort Study. Participants had motor competence assessed using the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development at 10, 14, and 17 years, and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at 20 years. Bone loading from physical activity was estimated from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at the age of 17 years. The association between LMC and BMD was determined using general linear models that controlled for sex, age, body mass index, vitamin D status, and prior bone loading. Results indicated LMC status (present in 29.6% males and 21.9% females) was associated with a 1.8% to 2.6% decrease in BMD at all load-bearing bone sites. Assessment by sex showed that the association was mainly in males. Osteogenic potential of physical activity was associated with increased BMD dependent on sex and LMC status, with males with LMC showing a reduced effect from increasing bone loading. As such, although engagement in osteogenic physical activity is associated with BMD, other factors involved in physical activity, eg, diversity, movement quality, may also contribute to BMD differences based upon LMC status. The finding of lower peak bone mass for individuals with LMC may reflect a higher risk of osteoporosis, especially for males; however, further research is required. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Tan
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, Australia
| | - Carrie-Anne Ng
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marc Sim
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, Australia.,Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Beth Hands
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- Western Australian Bone Research Collaboration, Perth, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
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Byrial P, Clausen L, Nyboe L. Comparing the Movement Assessment Battery for Children with the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency in adolescents with and without schizophrenia. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 28:e1980. [PMID: 36349933 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As motor impairments have implications for health and functioning, they need to be addressed early, not only in childhood but also in adolescence, the period in which mental disorders as schizophrenia, typically develops. Further, the possible prognostic value of motor impairments in schizophrenia highlights the importance. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) assess adolescent motor performance. However, MABC-2 is not valid past age 16 and has no sex-norms. Further, while the concurrent validity between the tests and their ability to distinguish between clinical and non-clinical groups has been established in children, however they have not been established in adolescence. PURPOSE To compare the ability of MABC-2 and BOT-2 to distinguish between adolescents with and without schizophrenia, to examine the concurrent validity between tests, to examine the agreement between tests in classifying adolescents "at risk" or scoring "below average" and to examine the influence of age and sex on MABC-2. METHOD Motor performance assessed by BOT-2 and MABC-2 was compared in 25 adolescents with schizophrenia (14-18) and age- and sex-matched controls using t-test, Cohen's D and false discovery rate's q-value. The associations between tests were assessed using Pearson's correlation and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. The Kappa coefficient was used to assess the agreement between tests in classifying "risk/below average" and linear regression was adopted to assess the influence of age/sex on MABC-2. RESULTS MABC-2 and BOT-2 significantly distinguished adolescents with schizophrenia from controls with large effect size. A strong association (p > 0.001) was found between the tests. The tests revealed moderate agreement in identifying "risk" or scoring "below average". Only sex influenced MABC-2 scores. CONCLUSION MABC-2 and BOT-2 are both useful for assessing motor performance and distinguishing between adolescents with and without schizophrenia, although BOT-2 provides a more detailed picture of the challenges in adolescent with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Byrial
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus N Denmark
| | - Lene Nyboe
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus N Denmark
- Department of Depression and Anxiety Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark
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Barhoun P, Fuelscher I, Do M, He JL, Cerins A, Bekkali S, Youssef GJ, Corp D, Major BP, Meaney D, Enticott PG, Hyde C. The role of the primary motor cortex in motor imagery: A theta burst stimulation study. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14077. [PMID: 35503930 PMCID: PMC9540768 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While mentally simulated actions activate similar neural structures to overt movement, the role of the primary motor cortex (PMC) in motor imagery remains disputed. The aim of the study was to use continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to modulate corticospinal activity to investigate the putative role of the PMC in implicit motor imagery in young adults with typical and atypical motor ability. A randomized, double blind, sham‐controlled, crossover, offline cTBS protocol was applied to 35 young adults. During three separate sessions, adults with typical and low motor ability (developmental coordination disorder [DCD]), received active cTBS to the PMC and supplementary motor area (SMA), and sham stimulation to either the PMC or SMA. Following stimulation, participants completed measures of motor imagery (i.e., hand rotation task) and visual imagery (i.e., letter number rotation task). Although active cTBS significantly reduced corticospinal excitability in adults with typical motor ability, neither task performance was altered following active cTBS to the PMC or SMA, compared to performance after sham cTBS. These results did not differ across motor status (i.e., typical motor ability and DCD). These findings are not consistent with our hypothesis that the PMC (and SMA) is directly involved in motor imagery. Instead, previous motor cortical activation observed during motor imagery may be an epiphenomenon of other neurophysiological processes and/or activity within brain regions involved in motor imagery. This study highlights the need to consider multi‐session theta burst stimulation application and its neural effects when probing the putative role of motor cortices in motor imagery. A controlled continuous theta burst stimulation protocol was adopted to examine the role of the primary motor cortex in motor imagery. While corticospinal excitability was suppressed in individuals with typical motor ability, no changes in imagery performance were detected after applying active stimulation to the motor regions. This suggests that motor regions may not be causally implicated in motor imagery and/or that multiple stimulation sessions may be required when inducing cognitive‐behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Barhoun
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Do
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason L He
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andris Cerins
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Soukayna Bekkali
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Corp
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan P Major
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dwayne Meaney
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Assessment of the Impact of the Tipstim® Device Application and the Study Position on Motor Coordination and Grip Strength of the Affected Upper Limb Post-Ischemic Stroke—A Randomized Parallel Crossover Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the acute phase of stroke, most patients have reduced efficiency of the upper limb and in the chronic phase more than half of these patients still have a deficit in the mobility of the upper limb. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using the tipstim® device and the tested position of the body and affected upper limb on parameters of motor coordination and grip strength in patients after an ischemic stroke. A randomized, parallel crossover study was conducted in the Rehabilitation Department. The study included 29 people aged 68 ± 9.2 years, 5–7 weeks after ischemic stroke. Patients were randomly assigned to two parallel groups (A/B = 15 people and B/A = 14 people). In each of them, the patient received both experimental (A = tipstim®) and control (B = placebo effect) treatment in a specific order. The HandTutor was used to measure the parameters of motor coordination (maximum range of motion and frequency of motion). We also used an electronic dynamometer to measure the handgrip strength. The patients were examined in two positions: sitting (unstable) and lying with the trunk and affected upper limb stabilized. Results: The analysis showed smaller differences between the measurements in the A/B group than in the B/A group, both without stabilization and with stabilization (wrist Hz = p ˂ 0.001; fingers 2–5 Hz = p ˂ 0.001; handgrip strength = p ˂ 0.049 and p ˂ 0.003). When comparing the influence of the tested position on the results of motor coordination and the handgrip strength, statistically significant differences were found in the placebo group in a stable position (Hz wrist p = 0.007, MaxROM wrist = 0.038, HzF5 = 0.039, MaxROM F4 = 0.035, HzF3 = 0.035, MaxROM F3 = 0.010, HzF2 = 0.049). Conclusions: Repeated use of the tipstim® device did not improve the tested parameters. A significant improvement in the results of coordination of movements and grip strength is possible in a stable position, lying down.
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Motor Coordination and Grip Strength of the Dominant and Non-Dominant Affected Upper Limb Depending on the Body Position—An Observational Study of Patients after Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020164. [PMID: 35203928 PMCID: PMC8869969 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of human disability globally. Motor function deficits resulting from a stroke affect the entire body, but relatively often it is the upper limbs that remain ineffective, which is very limiting in everyday life activities. The finding in neurorehabilitation that trunk control contributes to upper limb function is relatively common but has not been confirmed in clinical trials. This observational prospective study aims to analyze the effect of the position of the trunk and the affected upper limb on the coordination and grip strength of the affected dominant and non-dominant hand and wrist in people after ischemic stroke. The research was carried out at the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, on a group of 60 patients with acute ischemic stroke. A Hand Tutor device and a hand dynamometer were used for the main measurements of the motor coordination parameters (maximum range of motion, frequency of movement) and the grip strength of the dominant and non-dominant upper limb. The patients were examined in two positions: sitting without back support and lying on the back with stabilization of the upper limb. Higher and relevant results were observed in the non-dominant hand, in the supine position in terms of motor coordination parameters of the fingers (p = 0.019; p = 0.011) and wrist (p = 0.033), and grip strength (p = 0.017). Conclusions: The laying position and stabilization of the affected upper limb in the acute phase following ischemic stroke is more beneficial for the coordination of movements and grip strength of the non-dominant hand.
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Associations Between Physical Activity and Gross Motor Skills in Parent–Child Dyads. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the associations of physical activity and gross motor skills in parent–child dyads. Parent–child dyads (N = 61, 84% mothers, children aged 8–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometrics were self-reported through Qualtrics. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers. Motor skills were measured through four skills: catch, kick, throw, and jump. These skills were assessed using process (i.e., performance criteria of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3) and product (i.e., catch percentage and jump distance) measures. A complete motor skill score was computed by standardizing both process and product scores and summing them. Correlation coefficients and ordinary least square regressions were computed to examine the associations of physical activity and motor skills. Parents’ and children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity were significantly associated (β = 0.30 ± 0.11; p = .008). Parents’ and children’s motor skills were significantly associated (β = 0.46 ± 0.18; p = .012). Understanding parent determinants can support effective interventions targeting children’s low physical activity levels and improving motor competence. Our results highlight the importance of parents’ physical activity and motor skills, which are significantly associated with those of their children. These parent factors may be a key consideration for effective family-based physical activity interventions.
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10
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Barhoun P, Fuelscher I, Do M, He JL, Bekkali S, Cerins A, Youssef GJ, Williams J, Enticott PG, Hyde C. Mental rotation performance in young adults with and without developmental coordination disorder. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 77:102787. [PMID: 33798929 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While there have been consistent behavioural reports of atypical hand rotation task (HRT) performance in adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), this study aimed to clarify whether this deficit could be attributed to specific difficulties in motor imagery (MI), as opposed to broad deficits in general mental rotation. Participants were 57 young adults aged 18-30 years with (n = 22) and without DCD (n = 35). Participants were compared on the HRT, a measure of MI, and the letter number rotation task (LNRT), a common visual imagery task. Only participants whose behavioural performance on the HRT suggested use of a MI strategy were included in group comparisons. Young adults with DCD were significantly less efficient compared to controls when completing the HRT yet showed comparable performance on the LNRT relative to adults with typical motor ability. Our data are consistent with the view that atypical HRT performance in adults with DCD is likely to be attributed to specific difficulties engaging in MI, as opposed to deficits in general mental rotation. Based on the theory that MI provides insight into the integrity of internal action representations, these findings offer further support for the internal modelling deficit hypothesis of DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Barhoun
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Do
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jason L He
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Soukayna Bekkali
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andris Cerins
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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11
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Topor M, Opitz B, Leonard HC. Error-Related Cognitive Control and Behavioral Adaptation Mechanisms in the Context of Motor Functioning and Anxiety. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:615616. [PMID: 33613211 PMCID: PMC7892788 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.615616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor proficiency reflects the ability to perform precise and coordinated movements in different contexts. Previous research suggests that different profiles of motor proficiency may be associated with different cognitive functioning characteristics thus suggesting an interaction between cognitive and motor processes. The current study investigated this interaction in the general population of healthy adults with different profiles of motor proficiency by focusing on error-related cognitive control and behavioral adaptation mechanisms. In addition, the impact of these processes was assessed in terms of trait anxiety and worries. Forty healthy adults were divided into high and low motor proficiency groups based on an assessment of their motor skills. Using electroencephalography during a flanker task, error-related negativity (ERN) was measured as the neural indicator of cognitive control. Post-error slowing (PES) was measured to represent behavioral adaptation. Participants also completed an anxiety assessment questionnaire. Participants in the high motor proficiency group achieved better task accuracy and showed relatively enhanced cognitive control through increased ERN. Contrastingly, individuals in the lower motor proficiency group achieved poorer accuracy whilst showing some evidence of compensation through increased PES. Trait anxiety reflecting general worries was found to be correlated with motor functioning, but the study could not provide evidence that this was related to cognitive or behavioral control mechanisms. The interaction between cognitive and motor processes observed in this study is unique for healthy and sub-clinical populations and provides a baseline for the interpretation of similar investigations in individuals with motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Topor
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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12
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Giuriato M, Biino V, Bellafiore M, Battaglia G, Palma A, Baldari C, Guidetti L, Gallotta MC, Schena F, Lanza M. Gross Motor Coordination: We Have a Problem! A Study With the Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder in Youth (6-13 Years). Front Pediatr 2021; 9:785990. [PMID: 34956988 PMCID: PMC8704119 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.785990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of our cross-sectional research was to determine the current values of gross motor coordination (GMC) of Italian boys and girls between 6 and 13 years of age. Secondary goals were to study gender differences, and the four subtests trend with ages. Results were compared with the references proposed by KTK authors and with similar searches. Anthropometric measurements and KTK data from 2,206 schoolchildren (girls: n = 1,050; boys: n = 1,156) were collected. The KTK raw score (RS) increased with the age of the subjects (r = 0.678; p < 0.001). In 11-13-year-old subjects, the increase in results is less than in younger subjects. RS showed differences by gender (F = 5.899; p = 0.015) and age (F = 269.193; p < 0.001) without interaction gender × age. Motor quotient (MQ) tended to decrease with age (r = -0.148; p < 0.001); it showed differences by gender (F = 79.228; p < 0.001), age (F = 14.217; p < 0.001), and an interaction gender × age (F = 2.249; p < 0.05). Boys showed better performance than did girls in the raw scores of three of four subtests (JS: F = 24.529; MS: F = 9.052; HH: F = 11.105). Girls show better performances than did boys in the WB (F = 14.52). Differences between genders make us believe it appropriate to maintain a differentiated standardization. RS increased with age, and it seems reasonable, therefore, to maintain a GMC age-based normalization. On the contrary, MQ tended to decrease. All this makes us speculate that today's young people accumulate less significant motor experiences over the years compared to those achieved by their peers in the 1970s. Italian data were lower than German references and Belgian results but slightly higher than the Brazilian ones. The comparison among these four searches confirmed a worrying downward trend in GMC and its characterization by geographical and sociocultural areas. Updated parameters of the KTK can provide helpful references to improve policies to support physical activity, sport, and physical education in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giuriato
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Unit of Molecular Biology, Department of Health and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture, University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Valentina Biino
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,School University of Medicine and Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department of Unicusano, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Lanza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Physical Therapy Management of Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association. Pediatr Phys Ther 2020; 32:278-313. [PMID: 32991554 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), affects approximately 5% to 6% of school-aged children. Characteristics of DCD include poor motor coordination and delayed development of motor skills, not explained by other conditions. Motor deficits negatively affect school productivity, performance in activities of daily living, and recreation participation. Children with coordination problems, at risk for or diagnosed with DCD, should be evaluated by a team of professionals, including a physical therapist (PT). PURPOSE This clinical practice guideline (CPG) provides management strategies for PTs and informs clinicians and families about DCD. It links 13 action statements with specific levels of evidence through critical appraisal of the literature and provides recommendations for implementation. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The DCD CPG addresses examination, referral, first choice and supplemental interventions, discharge, compliance audits, implementation, and research recommendations. Supplemental tools are provided to support PT management.
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Davoodeh S, Sheikh M, Houminiyan Sharifabadi D, Bagherzadeh F. The effect of Wii Fit exergames on static balance and motor competence in obese and non-obese college women. ACTA GYMNICA 2020. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2020.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Batty GD, Deary IJ, Hamer M, Frank P, Bann D. Association of Childhood Psychomotor Coordination With Survival Up to 6 Decades Later. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e204031. [PMID: 32352531 PMCID: PMC7193332 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Poorer performance on standard tests of motor coordination in children has emerging links with sedentary behavior, obesity, and functional capacity in later life. These observations are suggestive of an untested association of coordination with health outcomes, including mortality. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of performance on a series of psychomotor coordination tests in childhood with mortality up to 6 decades later. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The British National Child Development Study (1958 Birth Cohort Study) is a prospective cohort study based on a nationally representative sample of births from England, Scotland, and Wales. A total of 17 415 individuals had their gross and fine motor psychomotor coordination assessed using 9 tests at ages 11 and 16 years. Data analysis for the present study was conducted from October 2016 to December 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All-cause mortality as ascertained from a vital status registry and survey records. RESULTS In this birth cohort study of 17 415 individuals who underwent a series of psychomotor coordination tests in childhood, follow up was conducted over several decades. Of the analytical sample of 12 678 individuals, 51% were male, and 72% came from a lower social group. Mortality surveillance between ages 12 and 58 years in an analytical sample of 17 062 men and women yielded 1072 deaths (766 661 person-years at risk). In survival analyses with adjustment for sex, higher scores on 7 of the 9 childhood coordination tests were associated with a lower risk of mortality in a stepwise manner. After controlling for early-life socioeconomic, health, cognitive, and developmental factors, lower mortality was statistically significantly associated with 3 tests: ball catching at age 11 years (0-8 vs 10 catches: hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% CI, 1.19-2.07), match-picking at age 11 years (>50 vs 0-36 seconds: HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09-1.63), and hopping at age 16 years (very unsteady vs very steady: HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.63). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this cohort study suggest that childhood motor coordination is associated with lower mortality up to middle-age; these findings require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Frank
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
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Identifying Developmental Motor Difficulties: A Review of Tests to Assess Motor Coordination in Children. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5010016. [PMID: 33467232 PMCID: PMC7739297 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest guidelines recommend early identification of children with motor impairments using a standardized norm-referenced test. Motor coordination difficulties in developmental age have been studied extensively over recent years, with experimental literature on developmental coordination disorder (DCD) suggesting that motor proficiency assessments depend on the nature of the task at hand. In this article we reviewed 14 assessment tools to measure movement performance in childhood and adolescence, which are often referred to in an international context. This updated review aims to compare motor tests depending on a) the nature of the tasks included in the battery (i.e., questionnaire and clinical examination), b) psychometric properties, and c) cultural adaptation to relevant developmental norms. Finally, implications for diagnosis and clinical practice are discussed. Considering there are several tests used for DCD, it is important to better define their reliability and validity in different cultures in order to better compare the validation studies and select the most appropriate test to use in the assessment procedure.
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Freestyle gymnastic exercise can be used to assess complex coordination in a variety of sports. J Exerc Sci Fit 2019; 18:47-56. [PMID: 31889963 PMCID: PMC6933171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The assessment of motor coordination is a very complex process and demonstrates a high degree of sport specificity. There are a limited number of tests, if any, where results correlate with the success rate of athletes in different sports. Methods Free style gymnastic exercise (FSGE) and coordination ball dribbling exercise (CBDE) were used to see whether the execution quality of these tests is related to the quality of athletes from team handball, water polo, kayak, rhythmical gymnastics (RG) and aerobics (222 athletes - 75 male, 147 female; 23 non-athletes - 9 male, 14 female). Results FSGE results related to the quality of performance in all sports (r = -0.232, p < 0.01 in handball, water polo, kayak and r = -0.26, p < 0.05 in aerobics and RG), while CBDE did not. Older players had higher ranking as they had more time to be successful at their sport (r = -0.498, p < 0.01 in handball, water polo, kayak; r = -0.298, p < 0.05 in aerobics and RG). The scores of FSGE were independent from the age and gender of the subjects. Conclusions The main findings were: (i) that athletes did significantly better than the controls in both tests; (ii) RG and aerobics athletes did better on the FSGE than handball, water polo players and kayakers; (iii) handball players did better than kayakers, RG and aerobics athletes on the CBDE test; and (iv) better ranked athletes performed better on the FGSE test. Therefore, FSGE test appears to be a reliable test to assess coordination in variety of sport and different levels of sport performance.
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Valtr L, Psotta R. Validity of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children test - 2 nd edition in older adolescents. ACTA GYMNICA 2019. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2019.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Carson Sackett S, Edwards ES. Relationships among motor skill, perceived self-competence, fitness, and physical activity in young adults. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 66:209-219. [PMID: 31071613 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This large-scale, exploratory study sought to examine the associations between motor skill proficiency (MSP), perceived self-competence (PC), physical fitness (PF), and self-reported physical activity (PA) to assess the assumption that relationships among these variables found in childhood and adolescence persist into young-adulthood. Specifically, predictors of PF and PA were assessed. Additionally, the contributions body mass index (BMI) and gender made to these relationships, as well as that of process- versus product-oriented motor skills data, were studied. Finally, how these relationships differed by gender was explored. METHODS Participants' (n = 448) MSP was assessed using select measures from the TGMD-2 and the BOT-2, while PF was evaluated using the FitnessGram. Participants also completed surveys to assess PC (SPPCS), PA (past-week MAQ), and demographic information. Height and weight were collected to calculate BMI. RESULTS Models predicting physical fitness had good fit to the observed data, with perceived athletic competence, locomotor skill, upper-limb coordination, BMI, and gender accounting for about 75% (R2 = 0.748) of aerobic PF variance and about 48% (R2 = 0.476) of variance in push-up performances. About 18% (R2 = 0.178) of variance in curl-up performances was predicted by perceived athletic competence, locomotor skill, upper-limb coordination, and PA. The PA model demonstrated weaker predictive power, with only about 10% (R2 = 0.097) of variance explained. When considering male and female models separately, female models demonstrated better fit when predicting all PF and PA outcome variables. BMI and gender operated as significant predictors to differing degrees across the various models. CONCLUSIONS There is compelling evidence to believe relationships found among MSP, PC, PF, and PA in childhood and adolescence also exist in early adulthood. However, differences in the roles of gender and physical fitness versus physical activity are likely to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carson Sackett
- Department of Kinesiology, Morrison Bruce Center, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Dr., MSC 2302, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Skidmore Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology, Morrison Bruce Center, James Madison University, 261 Bluestone Dr., MSC 2302, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
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Movement Skill Assessment in Children: Overview and Recommendations for Research and Practice. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-019-00160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Brown T. Structural validity of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency - Second edition brief form (BOT-2-BF). RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 85:92-103. [PMID: 30502549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practitioners often assess the motor skills of children presented with suspected developmental delays. It is essential that the tests used to assess children have strong measurement properties including validity. AIM The structural validity of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - second edition Brief Form (BOT-2-BF) was investigated. METHOD 123 healthy children (67 males & 56 females; M = 10 years, 2 months; SD = 1 year, 4 months) completed the BOT-2-BF. The Rasch Measurement Model (RMM) was used to assess the 14-item BOT-2-BF's dimensionality, hierarchical ordering, differential item functioning (DIF), and item and person separation reliability. RESULTS Nine BOT-2-BF misfit RMM requirements. A second RMM analysis of a five-item BOT-2-BF version was completed. The five-item version did meet the RMM requirements of item fit, dimensionality, hierarchical ordering, lack of DIF, and adequate item and person separation reliability. IMPLICATIONS The 14-item version of the BOT-2-BF is not recommended for use as a screening scale to assess children's motor skill performance. However, a revised five-item version of the BOT-2-BF did appear to meet RMM expectations. Further psychometric assessment of the revised five-item version of the BOT-2-BF is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary Health and Allied Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, Build G, 4thfloor, McMahons Road, PO.O. Box 527, Frankston, Victoria, 3199, Australia.
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Li YC, Kwan MYW, Cairney J. Motor coordination problems and psychological distress in young adults: A test of the Environmental Stress Hypothesis. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 84:112-121. [PMID: 29880318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Environmental Stress Hypothesis (ESH) has been used to examine how the relationship between poor motor coordination and psychological distress is affected by physical health and psychosocial factors. However, work applying the ESH is still limited, and no studies have used this framework with adults. The current investigation aims to examine the association between motor coordination and psychological distress among emerging adults, and examine potential mediators to this relationship based on the ESH. METHODS 225 young adults aged 17-23 years completed a survey of motor coordination, physical activity, secondary stressors (i.e., general stress and global relationships), perceived social support, self-concept, and psychological distress. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine mediating pathways and overall model fit. RESULTS The final model of the ESH showed good model fit (x2 = 83.24, p < .01; RMSEA=0.056; NNFI = 0.927; CFI = 0.954; GFI = 0.947), and indicated that the relationship between poor motor coordination and psychological distress was mediated by secondary stressors, perceived social support, and self-concept. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the effect of poor motor coordination on psychological distress in young adults, and suggests that interventions should target psychosocial well-being, in addition to motor coordination, to prevent psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chuen Li
- INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Child Health Research Center, Institute of Population Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Y W Kwan
- INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - John Cairney
- INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada.
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Wilson RB, McCracken JT, Rinehart NJ, Jeste SS. What's missing in autism spectrum disorder motor assessments? J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:33. [PMID: 30541423 PMCID: PMC6292106 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor delays and impairments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are extremely common and often herald the emergence of pervasive atypical development. Clinical accounts of ASD and standardized measures of motor function have identified deficits in multiple motor domains. However, literature describing frequently used standardized motor assessments in children with ASD, their test properties, and their limitations are sparse. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature to identify the most frequently used standardized motor assessments used to evaluate children with ASD from infancy to early childhood. All assessments included were required to possess reference norms, evaluate more than one motor domain, and have undergone some degree of validation. RESULTS We identified six frequently used standardized measures of motor function per our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We investigated and described in detail the psychometric properties of these assessments, their utility for use with children with ASD, and their individual and overall strengths and limitations. The global strengths of these assessments are the ability to identify early development delays and differences in fine and gross motor function in children with ASD. Global limitations of these studies are lack of validation in individuals with ASD and scoring systems that often miss specific and subtle abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Standardized assessments of motor function have provided valuable information on motor impairments in ASD. However, significant limitations remain in the use of these measures in children with ASD. Moving forward, it is imperative that standardized measures of motor function receive greater validation testing in children with ASD to assess their potential application given the clinical heterogeneity of this condition. In addition, utilizing quantitative measures of motor function should allow for evaluation and comparison of individuals with ASD across the lifespan with varying cognitive and behavioral abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujuta B. Wilson
- UCLA Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Room A7-424, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - James T. McCracken
- UCLA Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Room A7-424, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Nicole J. Rinehart
- Deakin University, Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Geelong, VIC 3125 Australia
| | - Shafali S. Jeste
- UCLA Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Room A7-424, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Hyde C, Fuelscher I, Enticott PG, Jones DK, Farquharson S, Silk TJ, Williams J, Caeyenberghs K. White matter organization in developmental coordination disorder: A pilot study exploring the added value of constrained spherical deconvolution. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101625. [PMID: 30552074 PMCID: PMC6411781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of white matter organization in sensorimotor tracts in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have adopted diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a method unable to reconcile pathways with ‘crossing fibres’. In response to limitations of the commonly adopted DTI approach, the present study employed a framework that can reconcile the ‘crossing fibre’ problem (i.e., constrained spherical deconvolution- CSD) to characterize white matter tissue organization of sensorimotor tracts in young adults with DCD. Participants were 19 healthy adults aged 18–46: 7 met diagnostic criteria for DCD (4 females) and 12 were controls (3 females). All underwent high angular diffusion MRI. After preprocessing, the left and right corticospinal tracts (CST) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF) were delineated and all tracts were then generated using both CSD and DTI tractography respectively. Based on the CSD model, individuals with DCD demonstrated significantly decreased mean apparent fibre density (AFD) in the left SLF relative to controls (with large effect size, Cohen's d = 1.32) and a trend for decreased tract volume of the right SLF (with medium-large effect size, Cohen's d = 0.73). No differences in SLF microstructure were found between groups using DTI, nor were differences in CST microstructure observed across groups regardless of hemisphere or diffusion model. Our data are consistent with the view that motor impairment characteristic of DCD may be subserved by white matter abnormalities in sensorimotor tracts, specifically the left and right SLF. Our data further highlight the benefits of higher order diffusion MRI (e.g. CSD) relative to DTI for clarifying earlier inconsistencies in reports speaking to white matter organization in DCD, and its contribution to poor motor skill in DCD. All previous diffusion studies of white matter in DCD have employed a tensor model We employed a non-tensor model to characterize microstructure in adults with DCD The non-tensor model showed atypical white matter organization in the SLF in DCD The tensor model failed to detect microstructural group differences for any tract Motor impairment characteristic of DCD may be subserved by white matter abnormalities
We need to move beyond the tensor model in characterizing white matter in DCD
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, UK; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shawna Farquharson
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim J Silk
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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He J, Fuelscher I, Coxon J, Barhoun P, Parmar D, Enticott P, Hyde C. Impaired motor inhibition in developmental coordination disorder. Brain Cogn 2018; 127:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Early and anticipatory postural adjustments in healthy subjects under stable and unstable sitting conditions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 43:21-27. [PMID: 30179730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians frequently incorporate unstable sitting devices into training plans for improving proximal postural muscle control; however, the effect of unstable sitting conditions on postural adjustments during dynamic activities has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to characterize early postural adjustments (EPAs) and anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) under stable and unstable sitting conditions. Using a cross-sectional laboratory study design, 13 healthy college student volunteers used their dominant hand to reach forward and push a target under stable and unstable sitting conditions; subjects sat on an air-filled rubber cushion for the unstable condition. EPAs and APAs were quantified by recording muscle activation of the trunk and lower extremity muscles using electromyography (EMG). The center of pressure (COP) was measured using a force plate. The resulting EMG integral of the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle was larger during the EPA phase and smaller during the APA phase under unstable conditions (p = 0.014 and p = 0.041, respectively). COP amplitude in the anterior-posterior direction, path length, and velocity, was larger during the APA phase (p = 0.035, p = 0.023, and 0.023, respectively). This suggests greater distal muscle activation during EPAs in unstable sitting conditions, specifically in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle. In addition, APAs adjusted by reducing the activity of the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle and increasing the anterior-posterior shift in the COP to compensate for the expected additional perturbation due to an unstable surface.
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A hitchhiker's guide to assessing young people's motor competence: Deciding what method to use. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:311-318. [PMID: 30166086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To offer a user's guide to select appropriate measures of motor competence for children and adolescents. DESIGN Expert consensus among a working group of the International Motor Development Research Consortium (I-MDRC). METHODS The guide provides information on objective (motion devices and direct observation) and subjective (self-reports and proxy reports) methods for assessing motor competence among children and adolescents. Key characteristics (age group, sample size, delivery mode, assessment time, data output, data processing) as well as limitations and practical considerations (e.g., cost, sources of error) with regard to each method are included in this paper. We do not recommend specific instruments, rather a guide to assist researchers and practitioners interested in assessing children's motor competence. RESULTS A decision flow chart was developed to support practitioners and researchers in selecting appropriate methods for measuring motor competence in young people. Real-life scenarios are presented to illustrate the use of different methods in research and practice. CONCLUSIONS Policy makers, practitioners and researchers should consider the strengths and limitations of each method when measuring motor competence in children and adolescents. This will allow them to choose the most appropriate instrument(s) that meets their needs.
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Weedon BD, Liu F, Mahmoud W, Metz R, Beunder K, Delextrat A, Morris MG, Esser P, Collett J, Meaney A, Howells K, Dawes H. The relationship of gross upper and lower limb motor competence to measures of health and fitness in adolescents aged 13-14 years. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000288. [PMID: 29629179 PMCID: PMC5884340 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Motor competence (MC) is an important factor in the development of health and fitness in adolescence. Aims This cross-sectional study aims to explore the distribution of MC across school students aged 13–14 years old and the extent of the relationship of MC to measures of health and fitness across genders. Methods A total of 718 participants were tested from three different schools in the UK, 311 girls and 407 boys (aged 13–14 years), pairwise deletion for correlation variables reduced this to 555 (245 girls, 310 boys). Assessments consisted of body mass index, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and upper limb and lower limb MC. The distribution of MC and the strength of the relationships between MC and health/fitness measures were explored. Results Girls performed lower for MC and health/fitness measures compared with boys. Both measures of MC showed a normal distribution and a significant linear relationship of MC to all health and fitness measures for boys, girls and combined genders. A stronger relationship was reported for upper limb MC and aerobic capacity when compared with lower limb MC and aerobic capacity in boys (t=−2.21, degrees of freedom=307, P=0.03, 95% CI −0.253 to –0.011). Conclusion Normally distributed measures of upper and lower limb MC are linearly related to health and fitness measures in adolescents in a UK sample. Trial registration number NCT02517333.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin David Weedon
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca Liu
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Wala Mahmoud
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Renske Metz
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle Beunder
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Delextrat
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Martyn G Morris
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Patrick Esser
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Johnny Collett
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andy Meaney
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ken Howells
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Dawes
- Movement Science Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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He JL, Fuelscher I, Enticott PG, Teo WP, Barhoun P, Hyde C. Interhemispheric Cortical Inhibition Is Reduced in Young Adults With Developmental Coordination Disorder. Front Neurol 2018; 9:179. [PMID: 29628909 PMCID: PMC5876243 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While the etiology of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is yet to be established, brain-behavior modeling provides a cogent argument that neuropathology may subserve the motor difficulties typical of DCD. We argue that a number of the core behavioral features of the DCD profile (such as poor surround inhibition, compromised motor inhibition, and the presence of mirror movements) are consistent with difficulties regulating inhibition within the primary motor cortex (M1). This study aimed to be the first account of the integrity of cortical inhibition in motor cortices in DCD. Method The sample consisted of eight adults with DCD aged (18–30 years) and 10 aged matched neurotypical controls. Participants received a common battery of single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation from which a series of neurophysiological measures classically used to measure intra- [e.g., short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI), and cortical silent period] and inter hemispheric [e.g., ipsilateral silent period (ISP)] cortical inhibition of the M1 at rest were recorded. Results While no group differences were observed for any measure of intrahemispheric cortical inhibition, individuals with DCD demonstrated significantly reduced interhemispheric cortical inhibition relative to controls, shown by consistently lower ISPratios. Conclusion Our findings are consistent with the view that regulation of cortical inhibition of M1 activity may be atypical in individuals with DCD, indicating differential GABAergic operation. This effect, however, appears to be select to cortical inhibition. Importantly, our data support the notion that reduced interhemispheric M1 cortical inhibition may at least partly explain commonly reported difficulties with bimanual motor control in DCD. The neurochemical implications and limitations of this evidence will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L He
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Pamela Barhoun
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian Hyde
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Lander N, Morgan PJ, Salmon JO, Barnett LM. Improving Early Adolescent Girls' Motor Skill: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:2498-2505. [PMID: 28727643 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) levels decline substantially during adolescence and are consistently lower in girls. Competency in a range of fundamental movement skills (FMSs) may serve as a protective factor for the decline in PA typically observed in adolescent girls; yet, girls' mastery in FMS is low. Although interventions can improve FMS, there is a lack of interventions targeting girls, and very few are conducted in high schools. In addition, interventions are usually conducted by researchers, not teachers, and thus have little chance of being embedded into curricula. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention, delivered by teachers, in improving adolescent girls' FMS. METHODS Four all-girls Australian secondary schools were recruited and randomized into intervention or control groups. In total, 190 year 7 girls (103 control/87 intervention; mean age, 12.4 ± 0.3 yr) completed baseline and posttest measures at 12 wk. Six FMS (i.e., catch, throw, kick, jump, leap, and dodge) were measured using the Victorian FMS Assessment instrument. Mixed models with posttest skill (i.e., locomotor, object control, and total skill) as the outcome, adjusting for baseline skill, intervention and control status, and relevant covariates, as well as accounting for clustering at school and class level, were used to assess the intervention impact. RESULTS There were significant intervention effects, and large effect sizes (Cohen d) noted in locomotor (P = 0.04, t = 5.15, d = 1.6), object control (P < 0.001, t = 11.06, d = 0.83), and total skill (P = 0.02, t = 7.22, d = 1.36). CONCLUSIONS Teachers adequately trained in authentic assessment and student-centered instruction can significantly improve the FMS competency of early adolescent girls. Therefore, comprehensive teacher training should be viewed as an integral component of future school-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lander
- 1School of Education, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, AUSTRALIA; 2PRC in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, Newcastle University, Callaghan, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA; 3Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, AUSTRALIA; and 4School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
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31
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Wade MG. Mostly “Old wine in new bottles.” Reply to commentaries. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 57:516-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hands B, McIntyre F, Parker H. The General Motor Ability Hypothesis: An Old Idea Revisited. Percept Mot Skills 2018; 125:213-233. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512517751750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
While specific motor abilities have become a popular explanation for motor performance, the older, alternate notion of a general motor ability should be revisited. Current theories lack consensus, and most motor assessment tools continue to derive a single composite score to represent motor capacity. In addition, results from elegant statistical procedures such as higher order factor analyses, cluster analyses, and Item Response Theory support a more global motor ability. We propose a contemporary model of general motor ability as a unidimensional construct that is emergent and fluid over an individual’s lifespan, influenced by both biological and environmental factors. In this article, we address the implications of this model for theory, practice, assessment, and research. Based on our hypothesis and Item Response Theory, our Lifespan Motor Ability Scale can identify motor assessment tasks that are relevant and important across varied phases of lifespan development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Hands
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Fleur McIntyre
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Helen Parker
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
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Hyde C, Fuelscher I, Williams J, Lum JAG, He J, Barhoun P, Enticott PG. Corticospinal excitability during motor imagery is reduced in young adults with developmental coordination disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 72:214-224. [PMID: 29195158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While a compelling body of behavioral research suggests that individuals with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) experience difficulties engaging motor imagery (MI), very little is known about the neural correlates of this deficit. Since corticospinal excitability is a predictor of MI proficiency in healthy adults, we reasoned that decreased MI efficiency in DCD may be paralleled by atypical primary motor cortex (PMC) activity. Participants were 29 young adults aged 18- 36 years: 8 with DCD (DCD) and 21 controls. Six participants with DCD and 15 controls showed behavioral profiles consistent with the use of a MI strategy (MI users) while performing a novel adaptation of the classic hand laterality task (HLT). Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered to the hand node of the left PMC (hPMC) at 50ms, 400ms or 650ms post stimulus presentation during the HLT. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) via electromyography. As predicted, MI users with DCD were significantly less efficient than MI using controls, shown by poorer performance on the HLT. Importantly, unlike healthy controls, no evidence of enhanced hPMC activity during MI was detected in our DCD group. Our data are consistent with the view that inefficient MI in DCD may be subserved by decreased hPMC activity. These findings are an important step towards clarifying the neuro-cognitive correlates of poor MI ability and motor skill in individuals with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hyde
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - I Fuelscher
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - J Williams
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J A G Lum
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - J He
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - P Barhoun
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - P G Enticott
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Miyahara M, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S, Henderson SE. A narrative meta-review of a series of systematic and meta-analytic reviews on the intervention outcome for children with developmental co-ordination disorder. Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:733-742. [PMID: 28035694 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are considered to be the 'gold standards' for synthesizing research evidence in particular areas of enquiry. However, such reviews are only useful if they themselves are conducted to a sufficiently high standard. The aim of this study was to conduct a narrative meta-review of existing analyses of the effectiveness of interventions designed for children with developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD). METHODS A narrative meta-review of systematic and meta-analytic reviews aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of intervention for children with DCD was conducted on studies published between 1950 and 2014. We identified suitable reviews, using a modification of the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) system and evaluated their methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). In addition, the consistency of the quality of evidence and classification of intervention approaches was assessed independently by two assessors. RESULTS The literature search yielded a total of four appropriate reviews published in the selected time span. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews percentage quality scores assigned to each review ranged from 0% (low quality) to 55% (medium quality). Evaluation of the quality of evidence and classification of intervention approaches yielded a discrepancy rate of 25%. All reviews concluded that some kind of intervention was better than none at all. CONCLUSIONS Although the quality of the reviews progressively improved over the years, the shortcomings identified need to be addressed before concrete evidence regarding the best approach to intervention for children with DCD can be specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyahara
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Lagisz
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Nakagawa
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S E Henderson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College, London, UK
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Bo J, Lee CM. Inter-limb transfer of kinematic adaptation in individuals with motor difficulties. Neurosci Lett 2017. [PMID: 28642150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A previous study suggested that adults with greater motor difficulties demonstrated less adaptation under a regular error feedback schedule (gain=1:1) but reached a similar level of adaptation compared to controls when feedback was enhanced (gain=1:2). In light of these findings, the present study examined inter-limb transfer after adults adapted to visuomotor distortions with their dominant hand on either regular or enhanced feedback schedules. Results revealed that successful transfer related to the magnitude of adaptation with their dominant hand regardless of the individuals' motor abilities on the regular feedback schedule. When the feedback was enhanced, the transfer was not related to either the adaptation of the dominant hand or individuals' motor abilities. We argue that a stable internal model is essential for inter-limb transfer in kinematic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bo
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, United States; School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wu Han, P. R. China; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Chimei M Lee
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, United States; Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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McIntyre F, Parker H, Thornton A, Licari M, Piek J, Rigoli D, Hands B. Assessing motor proficiency in young adults: The Bruininks Oseretsky Test-2 Short Form and the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 53:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The reliability and validity of an authentic motor skill assessment tool for early adolescent girls in an Australian school setting. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:590-594. [PMID: 28131506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proficiency in fundamental movement skills (FMS) is positively correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness, healthy weight status, and physical activity. Many instruments have been developed to assess FMS in children. It is important to accurately measure FMS competency in adolescent populations, particularly in girls, who are less proficient than boys. Yet these tests have not been validated or tested for reliability among girls in this age group. DESIGN The current study tested the concurrent validity and reliability of two FMS assessment instruments; the newly developed Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA), against the Victorian FMS Assessment from Australia, among a sample of early adolescent girls. METHODS In total, 34 Year 7 females (mean age 12.6 years) from Australia were tested and retested on each instrument in a school setting. RESULTS Test-retest reliability was excellent for the overall CAMSA score (ICC=0.91) and for the isolated time and skill score components (time: ICC=0.80; skill: ICC=0.85). Test-retest reliability of the Victorian FMS Assessment was also good (ICC=0.79). There was no evidence of proportional bias in either assessment. There was evidence of strong concurrent validity (rs=0.68, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both instruments were found to be reliable and valid. However, compared to the Victorian FMS instrument, the CAMSA has the advantage of both process and product assessment, less time needed to administer and higher authenticity, and so may be an attractive alternative to the more traditional forms of FMS assessment, for use with early adolescent girls, in school settings.
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Timler A, McIntyre F, Cantell M, Crawford S, Hands B. Development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Adolescent Motor Competence Questionnaire (AMCQ) for Adolescents. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 59:127-137. [PMID: 27525559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no valid and reliable self-report measures designed to identify level of motor competence and suspected motor difficulties among 12-18year old adolescents. AIM This paper reports the development and evaluation of a self-report questionnaire (Adolescent Motor Competence Questionnaire; AMCQ) to address this need. METHOD The project proceeded in 3 phases; (A) item development, (B) content evaluation, and (C) examination of reliability and validity of the final questionnaire. Each phase was informed by criteria A and B in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), comments from a sample of 10 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years with a range of movement skills, key informants and international experts. A convenience sample of 38 adolescents completed the final version of the AMCQ. The McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) was used to investigate concurrent validity. RESULTS The final version of the AMCQ comprised 26 items scored using a 4 point Likert scale with a maximum score of 104. Analyses revealed the questionnaire has an acceptable internal consistency (0.902) and 7day test-retest reliability (0.956). A moderate positive correlation between the AMCQ and the MAND of 0.491 (p<0.002) provides some evidence of concurrent validity. CONCLUSION The development of the AMCQ was exploratory in nature and has the potential to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring motor competence in Australian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Timler
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia.
| | - Fleur McIntyre
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia
| | - Marja Cantell
- Department of Special Educational Needs, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Crawford
- Epidemiologist, Alberta Perinatal Health Program, Calgary, Canada
| | - Beth Hands
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia
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