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Raum G, Chowdhary K, Glotfelty-Scheuering OA, Stratton CSM, Tuakli-Wosornu YA. Safeguarding strategies in athletes with intellectual disabilities: A narrative review. PM R 2024; 16:374-383. [PMID: 38009695 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their non-disabled peers, athletes with disabilities are at an increased risk of interpersonal violence in sport. Athletes with intellectual disabilities specifically may face compounded risk due to impaired communication and social challenges. Despite the inherent risk of interpersonal violence in athletes with intellectual disabilities, there is a paucity of literature focused on safeguarding strategies in this population, and no global consensus prevention guidelines exist. The goal of this review was to synthesize the literature on interpersonal violence in athletes with intellectual disabilities and propose an evidence-informed safeguarding framework. Future research and practice should emphasize tailored training on appropriate athlete-protection strategies and ways to recognize and respond to suspicions of abuse in this population. Given the benefits of sports participation for persons with intellectual disabilities, implementation of fit-for-purpose safeguarding strategies would help address any elevated risk of interpersonal violence. Formal monitoring and evaluation of these initiatives can help minimize interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Raum
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kuntal Chowdhary
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Catherine S M Stratton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yetsa A Tuakli-Wosornu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Mihaila I, Hsieh K, Acharya K. Correlates of Social Participation of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024; 28:3-16. [PMID: 36173645 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221130556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Social participation has been linked to healthy aging, yet little is known about social participation during extended periods of time for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The social participation of 777 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (aged 18-77 years), during a 4-year period, was examined. Sociodemographic, physical, and behavioral health-related correlates of engagement in social participation were investigated. Findings indicated that the majority of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities engaged in at least a moderate level of social participation during the 4-years. Employment status, physical health, and Special Olympics participation were associated with a higher level of social participation. Findings have implications for supports and services seeking to promote social participation opportunities for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Mihaila
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Hsieh
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kruti Acharya
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mahjoob M, Paul T, Carbone J, Bokadia H, Cardy RE, Kassam S, Anagnostou E, Andrade BF, Penner M, Kushki A. Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Neurodivergent Children: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:91-129. [PMID: 38070100 PMCID: PMC10920445 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is a multi-faceted construct influenced by a myriad of environmental, demographic, and individual characteristics. Our understanding of these influencers remains highly limited in neurodevelopmental conditions. Existing research in this area is sparse, highly siloed by diagnosis labels, and focused on symptoms. This review synthesized the evidence in this area using a multi-dimensional model of HRQoL and trans-diagnostically across neurodevelopmental conditions. The systematic review, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Checklist, was completed in June 2023 using Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Our search revealed 78 studies that examined predictors of HRQoL in neurodevelopmental conditions. The majority of these studies focused on autism and ADHD with a paucity of literature in other conditions. Cross-diagnosis investigations were limited despite the fact that many of the examined predictors transcend diagnostic boundaries. Significant gaps were revealed in domains of biology/physiology, functioning, health perceptions, and environmental factors. Very preliminary evidence suggested potentially shared predictors of HRQoL across conditions including positive associations between HRQoL and adaptive functioning, male sex/gender, positive self-perception, physical activity, resources, and positive family context, and negative associations with diagnostic features and mental health symptoms. Studies of transdiagnostic predictors across neurodevelopmental conditions are critically needed to enable care models that address shared needs of neurodivergent individuals beyond diagnostic boundaries. Further understanding of HRQoL from the perspective of neurodivergent communities is a critical area of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahjoob
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Tithi Paul
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Julia Carbone
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Harshit Bokadia
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Robyn E Cardy
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Souraiya Kassam
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Penner
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kushki
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada.
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Mira T, Jacinto M, Costa AM, Monteiro D, Diz S, Matos R, Antunes R. Exploring the relationship between social support, resilience, and subjective well-being in athletes of adapted sport. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1266654. [PMID: 38144980 PMCID: PMC10748803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1266654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sports participation of people with disabilities provide an improvement in their skills, especially on access to social support, which could improve resilience and well-being. This study aims to analyze the association between types of social support (parents, coach, friend, and best friend), resilience and positive and negative affect, in 105 Portuguese athletes with disabilities aged between 13 and 61 years (32 ± 12.35 years). Methods Participants answered a short sociodemographic questionnaire, the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Brief Resilience Scale, and a scale for assessing social support from parents, coach, friend, and best friend. Results Social support provided by the best friend, coach, friends, and parents had a direct effect on resilience and positive and negative affect. Results showed a positive and significant association between resilience and positive affect (r = 0.28; p = 0.004) and a negative association between resilience and negative affect (r = -0.37; p ≤ 0.001). A strong relationship was found between resilience and affect, with no relationship being verified between the sources of social support and resilience or affect, as hypothesized. Discussion For this group of athletes with disability, more than the social support they may have or may feel, resilience proved to be very important for the consequence of sports practice in terms of subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Mira
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- ISCE—Higher Institute of Lisbon and Vale do Tejo, Ramada, Portugal
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Miguel Jacinto
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aldo M. Costa
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Susana Diz
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Raúl Antunes
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Rio Maior, Portugal
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Lee JY, Patel M, Scior K. Self-esteem and its relationship with depression and anxiety in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic literature review. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:499-518. [PMID: 36855028 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the general population, low self-esteem has been linked with poorer mental and physical health. This systematic literature review aimed to summarise and evaluate the findings of studies that examined self-esteem in adults with intellectual disabilities and links with mental health outcomes. METHOD A systematic search of PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL was conducted to identify studies published between 1990 and 2021. The studies were appraised using the QualSyst tool. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were identified of which two studies were removed from the review due to low quality. Studies reported mixed evidence regarding levels of self-esteem compared with the general population. Engagement in activities appeared to be linked with positive self-esteem, and perception of negative interpersonal life events as having a negative impact was associated with lower self-esteem. There was evidence of co-occurrence of low self-esteem and depression, but no studies examined the relationship between self-esteem and anxiety. CONCLUSION Reviewed studies provided mixed evidence on levels of self-esteem in this population, suggesting that factors such as engagement in life were related to higher self-esteem and demonstrating the co-occurrence of low self-esteem and depression. However, clear causal links have yet to be identified, and more research is needed using longitudinal designs to answer questions about trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Patel
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Scior
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Mira T, Costa AM, Jacinto M, Diz S, Monteiro D, Rodrigues F, Matos R, Antunes R. Well-Being, Resilience and Social Support of Athletes with Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050389. [PMID: 37232625 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sport for people with disabilities appears to play a positive role in the well-being, resilience and social support of athletes with disabilities. Thus, this systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of adapted sport on the well-being, resilience and social support in a population with disabilities. The Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases were used, with several descriptors and Boolean operators. A total of 287 studies were identified through searching the databases. After the data extraction process, twenty-seven studies were included for analysis. In general, these studies show that adapted sport has a positive impact on the levels of well-being, resilience and social support resources for people with disabilities, contributing to their personal development, quality of life and integration into society. Considering the impact on the variables studied, these results are important to support and encourage the development of adapted sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Mira
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- ISCE-Higher Institute of Lisbon and Vale do Tejo, 2620-379 Ramada, Portugal
| | - Aldo M Costa
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Developmental (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel Jacinto
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Diz
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Developmental (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Rui Matos
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Raúl Antunes
- ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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Rodriquez J, Lanser A, Jacobs HE, Smith A, Ganguly S. When the Normative Is Formative: Parents' Perceptions of the Impacts of Inclusive Sports Programs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10889. [PMID: 36078605 PMCID: PMC9518087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study examines the perspectives of parents of youth with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) who participated in Special Olympics Unified Sports®, a program in which high school students with and without IDD compete on the same team. Based on semi-structured interviews with parents (n = 23) as part of a larger evaluation of Special Olympics Unified Champion Schools in three states in the United States, thematic analysis shows that parents perceived improvements in their child's social and emotional skills, including demeanor and attitude, an enhanced sense of belonging at school, the emergence of new friendships and social opportunities, and rewarding interactions that flowed from the opportunity to engage in normative activities. Implications for schools and families are discussed in terms of the importance of providing and facilitating meaningful opportunities for inclusive extracurricular activities such as sports for youth with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Rodriquez
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Center for Social Development and Education, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Anika Lanser
- Center for Social Development and Education, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Holly E. Jacobs
- Center for Social Development and Education, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Ashlyn Smith
- Special Olympics, Inc., Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Sharbari Ganguly
- Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Center for Social Development and Education, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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8
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Quality of Participation Experiences in Special Olympics Sports Programs. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2022; 39:17-36. [PMID: 34740991 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined experiential elements facilitating quality sport experiences for youth (ages 12-24 years) in Special Olympics, and the associated influences of sport program and sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 451 athletes involved in the 2019 Special Olympics Youth Games completed a survey assessing elements of quality participation (autonomy, belongingness, challenge, engagement, mastery, and meaning). The t tests investigated whether athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities rated elements differently across Traditional and Unified Sport programs. Regression analyses explored whether sport program and sociodemographic characteristics were predictors of these elements. Youth reported high mean scores across the elements, with no significant differences between athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Traditional or Unified Sport. Athletes with no reported disability rated higher autonomy than those who reported disability (p = .01). Women tended to report greater engagement in sport than men (p = .07). Findings provide theoretical and practical insights into quality sport participation among youth in Special Olympics.
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Syropoulou A, Vernadakis N, Papastergiou M, Kourtessis T. Psychometric evaluation of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in primary school students with mild intellectual disability: First evidence. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 114:103964. [PMID: 34020410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is the most widely used measure of self-esteem, the evidential basis to confirm the RSES factor validity and reliability in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) has not been previously addressed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the RSES into a sample consisting of primary school students with mild ID, bearing in mind the aspect of multidimensionality. In addition, gender differences were also investigated. METHODS The participants were 103 primary school students with mild ID aged 9-12 years old. Fifty-four (52.4 %) of the participants were boys and forty-nine were girls (47.6 %). Using the LISREL software, six different models of factor structure were estimated. The psychometric properties of the RSES, including internal consistency, content validity, convergent and discriminant validity as well as confirmatory factor analysis, were assessed. RESULTS The findings of this study provide some preliminary support to the robustness of the bifactor model, with a general self-esteem factor and two method effect factors that capture the direction of positive and negative item wording. CONCLUSIONS Although it is inappropriate to conclude that the results will be extended to all other populations and cultures, it can be assumed that bifactor models, which specify method effects due to wording, fit better than strictly unidimensional or two factor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Syropoulou
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University Campus, 69100 Komotini, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vernadakis
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University Campus, 69100 Komotini, Greece.
| | - Marina Papastergiou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Thomas Kourtessis
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University Campus, 69100 Komotini, Greece
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10
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Zhao WM, Thirumal K, Renwick R, DuBois D. Belonging through sport participation for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:402-420. [PMID: 33086436 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that sport facilitates belonging for diverse athletes. This scoping review characterizes literature on sport participation and belonging for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of five databases identified 17,497 articles. Selected articles (N = 39) underwent data extraction and analysis guided by a theoretical framework of belonging, outlining four processes through which belonging is experienced by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. RESULTS Articles originated from developed countries and in the context of Special Olympics (N = 17). Studies commonly used qualitative interviews with proxy respondents. While all studies described at least one belonging process, only 11 studies applied the term "belonging," and no study defined the construct. CONCLUSION Belonging is not well-conceptualized in sports literature for athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Understanding belonging through sport participation for this population may inform sport-based policies and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Mai Zhao
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kirtana Thirumal
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rebecca Renwick
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Denise DuBois
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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11
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Improvements in Tennis Skills in Adults With Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities Following an 8-Week Adapted Tennis Program. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study quantified changes in tennis skills and dose of practice in adults with developmental and intellectual disabilities following an 8-week adapted tennis program. Twenty-seven adults with disabilities (mean age 24.7) participated in an 8-week adapted tennis program (1-hour, twice a week). Participants’ racquets were equipped with sensors that measured the number of shots during the program (dose). Pre- and post-test tennis skill assessments (process scores) were conducted for the forehand and backhand. All participants showed significant improvements in forehand and backhand process scores. Level of function, but not age or disability type, was associated with forehand and backhand process scores. The number of forehand shots performed during the adapted tennis program did not change across the program. The number of forehand shots was associated with age and disability type, but not level of function. The number of backhand shots (dose) was not associated with age, disability, or level of function. The number of forehand or backhand shots (dose) was not associated with changes in forehand or backhand process scores, respectively. This study provides evidence of the efficacy of this adapted tennis program to develop fundamental tennis skills in novice players with developmental and intellectual disabilities.
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Patka M, Wallin-Ruschman J, Al Rahma BA, Zar A, Bin Nauman H, Sharif JM, Ikram S, Ul Hasan T, Naeem A, Sharif GM, Mehboob N, Azim T, Khanam Z. 'We need to share our stories': the lives of Pakistanis with intellectual disability and their guardians. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:345-356. [PMID: 32166785 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The experiences of Pakistanis with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and their family members have been underexplored empirically. METHOD The present study sought to address this gap by understanding the lives of five Special Olympics Pakistan athletes and their guardians through PhotoVoice. FINDINGS Through thematic analysis, we present the primary theme concerning Pakistan's cultural context that provides an empirical exploration of cultural beliefs about intellectual disability, cultural expectations and support received by people with intellectual disabilities and their guardians. DISCUSSION We discuss implications for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patka
- Department of Psychology, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - B A Al Rahma
- Department of Psychology, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Klenk C, Albrecht J, Nagel S. Social participation of people with disabilities in organized community sport. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-019-00584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Robinson S, Fraser-Thomas JL, Balogh R, Lunsky Y, Weiss JA. Individual and Contextual Correlates of Frequently Involved Special Olympics Athletes. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 123:164-175. [PMID: 29480776 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-123.2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand factors associated with sport participation for youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). With a sample of 414 Special Olympics (SO) athletes, this study examined how frequently involved athletes differ from other youth who are less involved in SO. Results showed that frequently involved athletes are older, have more sport-specific parental support, stronger athlete-coach relationships, and more positive SO experiences than other athletes. These factors were predictive of SO involvement, even after controlling for athlete characteristics, including behavior problems and adaptive behavior. Athletes with IDD have the potential to be highly involved in sports when external supports (i.e., coaches and parents) are strong.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Balogh
- Robert Balogh, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada; and
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Jonathan A. Weiss, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Weiss
- Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Jonathan A. Weiss, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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