1
|
Kurtoğlu A, Eken Ö, Türkmen M, Çar B, Setiawan E, Yermakhanov B, Alotaibi MH, Elkholi SM. Chronotype as a predictor of athletic performance in youth with mild intellectual disabilities. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1405595. [PMID: 39035451 PMCID: PMC11257919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1405595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore the influence of circadian rhythms on athletic performance in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities (ID), with a specific focus on elucidating the association between chronotype and various performance metrics. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study consisting of 30 male participants aged between 11 and 19 years and diagnosed with mild ID. The chronotypes of all participants were assessed using the Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire (CCQ). Performance assessments were divided into three groups. Group A tests [sit and reach, medicine ball throw (MBT), plank], group B tests [handgrip strength (HGS), standing long jump (SLJ), 20-m sprint (20 ms)] and group C tests [vertical jump (VJ), hanging with bent arm (HBA), Illinois agility test) in order to ensure adequate rest periods between tests and not to affect the results. These group tests were performed 48 h apart, between 09:00-10:00 and 17:00-18:00, after a dynamic warm-up session. Results Significant variations were observed in the sit-and-reach test (t = -4.154, d = -0.75, p < .001), HGS (t = -2.484, d = -0.45, p = .019), SLJ (t = -2.117, d = -0.38, p = .043), VJ (t = -5.004, d = -0.91, p < .001), and plank duration (t = -4.653, d = -0.84, p < .001). Evening performances showed improvement in MBT, HBA, 20 ms, and the Illinois agility test, although these differences were not statistically significant (p > .05). Notably, positive correlations were identified between participants' chronotypes and their performance in HBA (morning/evening; r = .693, p = .026; r = .656, p = .039, respectively) and the plank (evening; r = .717, p = .020), with negative correlations noted in the 20 ms (morning/evening; r = -.703, p = .023; r = -.710, p = .021, respectively). Conclusion The findings suggest that individuals with mild ID exhibit enhanced athletic performance during evening hours. These insights underscore the importance of considering chronotype in tailoring exercise interventions for this population to optimize outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kurtoğlu
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Musa Türkmen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Bekir Çar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma, Türkiye
| | - Edi Setiawan
- Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Suryakancana, Cianjur, Indonesia
| | - Baglan Yermakhanov
- Faculty of Sports and Arts, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Madawi H. Alotaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa M. Elkholi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Randall KN, Hopkins CS, Drew H. Menstrual education programs for girls and young women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13264. [PMID: 38863161 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing menstrual education and guidance for menstrual management for girls and young women with intellectual disabilities is recommended to ensure smooth pubertal transitions and to support menstrual self-agency. METHOD The purpose of this systematic review is to explore menstrual education interventions for girls and young women with intellectual disabilities. RESULTS Nine studies were included. Interventions were provided in small groups (n = 4) and individually (n = 5). Most studies used dolls (n = 7) and task analysis (n = 7) to teach pad-replacement skills. All reported significant improvements in participant skills and/or knowledge following the intervention. Only one study addressed self-agency and self-esteem as an outcome of the intervention. Menstrual education for girls and young women with intellectual disabilities is largely focused on pad-replacement skills. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to understand the impact of menstrual health and hygiene education on variables apart from skill improvement such as self-agency and long-term health outcomes related to menstrual health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina N Randall
- Department of Special Education, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Casey S Hopkins
- School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah Drew
- Department of Literacy, Language, and Culture, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hauser MJ, Kohn R. Forensic psychiatric issues in intellectual disability. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2024; 42:205-220. [PMID: 38459744 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Forensic psychiatrists and neuropsychiatrists are likely to encounter individuals with intellectual disability as they are over-represented in the judicial system. These individuals may have the full range of mental illnesses and comorbid conditions, including physical infirmity, sensory deficits, language impairment, and maladaptive behaviors. They are frequently disadvantaged in the judicial system due to lack of comprehension, lack of accommodations, and stigmatization. Decision making capacity may need to be assessed for health care, sexual autonomy, marriage, financial management, making a will, and need for guardianship. The usual approach to conducting an evaluation needs adaptation to fit the unique characteristics and circumstances of the individual with intellectual disability. The forensic consultant can assist attorneys, defendants, and victims in recommending accommodations and the expert witness can provide education to juries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Kohn
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bilder DA, Mthembu M, Worsham W, Aguayo P, Knight JR, Deng SW, Singh TP, Davis J. Developing and Implementing a Web-Based Branching Logic Survey to Support Psychiatric Crisis Evaluations of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: Qualitative Study and Evaluation of Validity. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e50907. [PMID: 38551644 PMCID: PMC11015367 DOI: 10.2196/50907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) experience increased rates of emotional and behavioral crises that necessitate assessment and intervention. Psychiatric disorders can contribute to crises; however, screening measures developed for the general population are inadequate for those with DD. Medical conditions can exacerbate crises and merit evaluation. Screening tools using checklist formats, even when designed for DD, are too limited in depth and scope for crisis assessments. The Sources of Distress survey implements a web-based branching logic format to screen for common psychiatric and medical conditions experienced by individuals with DD by querying caregiver knowledge and observations. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to (1) describe the initial survey development, (2) report on focus group and expert review processes and findings, and (3) present results from the survey's clinical implementation and evaluation of validity. METHODS Sources of Distress was reviewed by focus groups and clinical experts; this feedback informed survey revisions. The survey was subsequently implemented in clinical settings to augment providers' psychiatric and medical history taking. Informal and formal consults followed the completion of Sources of Distress for a subset of individuals. A records review was performed to identify working diagnoses established during these consults. RESULTS Focus group members (n=17) expressed positive feedback overall about the survey's content and provided specific recommendations to add categories and items. The survey was completed for 231 individuals with DD in the clinical setting (n=161, 69.7% men and boys; mean age 17.7, SD 10.3; range 2-65 years). Consults were performed for 149 individuals (n=102, 68.5% men and boys; mean age 18.9, SD 10.9 years), generating working diagnoses to compare survey screening results. Sources of Distress accuracy rates were 91% (95% CI 85%-95%) for posttraumatic stress disorder, 87% (95% CI 81%-92%) for anxiety, 87% (95% CI 81%-92%) for episodic expansive mood and bipolar disorder, 82% (95% CI 75%-87%) for psychotic disorder, 79% (95% CI 71%-85%) for unipolar depression, and 76% (95% CI 69%-82%) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. While no specific survey items or screening algorithm existed for unspecified mood disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, these conditions were caregiver-reported and working diagnoses for 11.7% (27/231) and 16.8% (25/149) of individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers described Sources of Distress as an acceptable tool for sharing their knowledge and insights about individuals with DD who present in crisis. As a screening tool, this survey demonstrates good accuracy. However, better differentiation among mood disorders is needed, including the addition of items and screening algorithm for unspecified mood disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Additional validation efforts are necessary to include a more geographically diverse population and reevaluate mood disorder differentiation. Future study is merited to investigate the survey's impact on the psychiatric and medical management of distress in individuals with DD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Bilder
- University of Utah Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mariah Mthembu
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Whitney Worsham
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Patricia Aguayo
- University of Utah Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jacob R Knight
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Steven W Deng
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tejinder P Singh
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John Davis
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Flygare Wallén E, Ljunggren G, Wahlström L, Pettersson D, Carlsson AC, Wändell P. The prevalence of self-harm and mental disorders among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:712-720. [PMID: 37387438 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2228292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health disorders are prevalent among individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, there is a lack of research on the impact of concomitant autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the mental health within this population. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental health disorders and registered healthcare visits due to self-harm among individuals with ID. METHOD We used administrative data for all healthcare with at least one recorded diagnosis of mental health disorder or self-harm during 2007-2017 among people with a diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS; n = 1298) and with ID without DS (IDnonDS; n = 10,671) using the rest of the population in Stockholm Region (n = 2,048,488) for comparison. RESULTS The highest odds ratios for a mental health disorder were present in females with IDnonDS (9.01) followed by males with IDnonDS (8.50), compared to the general population. The ORs for self-harm among individuals with IDnonDS were high (8.00 for females and 6.60 for males). There were no registered cases of self-harm among individuals with DS. The prevalence of an anxiety or affective disorder was higher among individuals with ID including DS with concomitant ASD or ADHD. Neighbourhood socio-economic status was associated with a lower occurrence of mental health disorders and self-harm in wealthier areas for all outcomes and for all groups. CONCLUSIONS Self-harm and psychiatric comorbidities were common among individuals with ID without DS with an attenuated difference among those with concomitant ASD or ADHD, which calls for attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Flygare Wallén
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Ljunggren
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wahlström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Pettersson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Axel C Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Wändell
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bagheri R, Farahani FK, Ebrahimi M. Domestic Violence and Its Impact on Abortion in Iran: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:9492-9513. [PMID: 37102584 PMCID: PMC10668540 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231168824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to assess the effect of domestic violence on abortion and investigate the mediating role of unwanted pregnancy. A secondary analysis was conducted on the National Family Survey data. This survey was a cross-sectional study conducted across Iran in 2018. The association between domestic violence and abortion was analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with WarpPLS version 8.0. From among 1,544 married women (mean age 42.8 years) who participated in this survey, 27% (418 women) reported experiencing at-least one-lifetime of abortion. Overall, two in three women (67.3%) experienced at least one form of domestic violence. Almost half of the women with experience of abortion (49.3%) reported at least one unwanted pregnancy in their life course. The bivariate analysis showed a significant positive relationship between domestic violence and abortion, and there was a positive direct effect of domestic violence on unwanted pregnancy. Moreover, age had a negative direct and indirect effect on unwanted pregnancy and abortion. Although, the direct effect of domestic violence on abortion was not significant in the Structure Equation Model, a positive indirect effect of domestic violence on abortion through unwanted pregnancy was confirmed. The effect of unwanted pregnancy on abortion was particularly strong (β = .395, p < .01). These results have some implications for prevention of abortion through interventions against unwanted and unplanned pregnancy and domestic violence. This study makes a unique theoretical contribution to the literature through assessing the mediating role of unwanted pregnancy between domestic violence and abortion by using the SEM model.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zaydlin M, Cara VM, Bez Y, Coffey BJ. Difficult-to-Treat Aggression in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Did We Miss Something? Bipolar Disorder As a Comorbid Psychiatric Condition in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2022; 32:500-504. [PMID: 36383098 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2022.29228.bjc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Zaydlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Valentina Metsavaht Cara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yasin Bez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Barbara J Coffey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Codina M, Pereda N. Characteristics and Prevalence of Lifetime Sexual Victimization Among a Sample of Men and Women with Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP14117-NP14139. [PMID: 33866835 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211006373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of sexual victimization experiences suffered by people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The sample consisted of 260 adults with an ID diagnosis (154 men and 106 women), ranging in age from 20 to 71 years (M = 41.69, SD = 12.05). The results showed that 35% of the sample had been sexually victimized at some point in their life. Being a woman, being declared legally incapable, and having comorbid mental health diagnoses were the most relevant characteristics of sexual victims with ID. Fondling was the most reported victimization, and rape showed the greatest gender differences, with a higher risk for women with ID of being raped compared to their male counterparts (odds ratio = 4.28, p < .05). The offender was generally a known male adult, and the percentage of incidents reported to the authorities was very low (7.4%). The psychological consequences of abuse were general distress, anxiety, and depressive symptomatology. Intervention and prevention programs targeting this population, as well as the training of professionals and caregivers, are essential to deal with sexual victimization and to protect and ensure the quality of life of people with ID.
Collapse
|
9
|
Totsika V, Liew A, Absoud M, Adnams C, Emerson E. Mental health problems in children with intellectual disability. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:432-444. [PMID: 35421380 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability ranks in the top ten causes of disease burden globally and is the top cause in children younger than 5 years. 2-3% of children have an intellectual disability, and about 15% of children present with differences consistent with an intellectual disability (ie, global developmental delay and borderline intellectual functioning). In this Review, we discuss the prevalence of mental health problems, interventions to address these, and issues of access to treatment and services. Where possible, we take a global perspective, given most children with intellectual disability live in low-income and middle-income countries. Approximately 40% of children with intellectual disability present with a diagnosable mental disorder, a rate that is at least double that in children without intellectual disability. Most risk factors for poor mental health and barriers to accessing support are not unique to people with intellectual disability. With proportionate universalism as the guiding principle for reducing poor mental health at scale, we discuss four directions for addressing the mental health inequity in intellectual disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Totsika
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Ashley Liew
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; National & Specialist CAMHS, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Absoud
- Department of Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Colleen Adnams
- Division of Intellectual Disability, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK; Centre for Disability Research & Policy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hole R, Schnellert L, Cantle G. Sex: What Is the Big Deal? Exploring Individuals' with Intellectual Disabilities Experiences with Sex Education. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:453-464. [PMID: 34923868 PMCID: PMC8796054 DOI: 10.1177/10497323211057090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This article offers perspectives shared by self-advocates in the first phase of a community-based participatory research project untaken to address barriers that individuals with intellectual disabilities face with respect to sexual health knowledge. Using descriptive qualitative methods, we interviewed 19 individuals with intellectual disability about their experiences and knowledge related to sexual health. The research question guiding this project was: What are self-advocates' with intellectual disabilities experiences learning about sexual health and sexuality? The findings highlight that participants faced barriers and lack of access to sexual health education, and while they learned about sexual health through formal sexual health education, frequently this knowledge came through lived experience. Finally, the findings underscore that participants knew what they wanted with respect to sexual health education and offered recommendations. The importance of accessible sexual health education for self-advocates that supports their rights and desires to express their sexuality and sexual agency is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Hole
- UBC Okanagan School of Social Work, UBC Canadian Institute for Inclusion and Citizenship, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Rachelle Hole, UBC Canadian Institute for Inclusion and Citizenship, ARTS/FHSD 1147 Research Road, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | | | - Gloria Cantle
- UBC Okanagan School of Social Work, UBC Canadian Institute for Inclusion and Citizenship, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lunde H, Blaalid L, Areskoug Josefsson K, Gerbild H. Social educator students' readiness to address sexual health in their future profession. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 35:1059-1070. [PMID: 34800072 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norwegian social educator students' attitudes towards addressing sexual health are unknown, even if their future clients often have needs related to sexual issues. PURPOSE To investigate social educator students' readiness to address sexual health in their future profession. METHODS In 2019, 213 social educator students (response rate 34%) responded to the Students' Attitudes towards addressing Sexual Health Extended online questionnaire. RESULTS Most of the social educator students felt comfortable and ready to address sexual health in their future profession, but thought they had insufficient competence and education concerning sexual health. There were gender and age differences when discussing sexual health among persons with intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSION Despite most Norwegian social educator students feeling ready to address sexual health, they needed additional competences and education. Further research is needed concerning the effectiveness of educational interventions targeting competence in sexual health, to ensure sufficient support for clients in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Lunde
- Department for Behavioural Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laila Blaalid
- Department for Behavioural Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Areskoug Josefsson
- Department for Behavioural Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Gerbild
- Health Science Research Centre, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark.,Centre for Sexology Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kallumkal GH, Jacob R, Edwards L. Etiology and Management of Behavioral Disorder in Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Cureus 2021; 13:e14221. [PMID: 33816039 PMCID: PMC8011745 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) encompasses a wide variety of disorders that can severely affect an individual’s cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development, even when identified early in life. Initially, individuals with such disorders had shorter life expectancies. However, medical advances have increased the life expectancy of individuals with ID similar to that of the general population. More attention must be paid to manage diseases affecting the intellectually disabled elderly, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic constipation, and behavioral disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govind H Kallumkal
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Rafik Jacob
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Linda Edwards
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McNally P, Taggart L, Shevlin M. Trauma experiences of people with an intellectual disability and their implications: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 34:927-949. [PMID: 33772975 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with an intellectual disability are more vulnerable to psychological trauma compared with the general population. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the current status of the literature on trauma that is specific to the experiences of adults with an intellectual disability, living in community settings. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2005, 8, 19) framework. Forty-one international papers were reviewed spanning 2000-2020, and their quality assessed using the MMAT. FINDINGS (1) Aggressive behaviours can be symptoms of trauma, (2) there are appropriate assessment tools for the impact of trauma, (3) evidence-based interventions for trauma may be effective, and (4) factors associated with disability can be experienced as traumatic. CONCLUSION There is a growing body of literature highlighting assessment needs and potential interventions for people with an intellectual disability who have experienced psychological trauma. Further research is needed to develop trauma-informed pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paddy McNally
- Institute of Nursing and Health Science, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Adults with Intellectual Disability: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041980. [PMID: 33670753 PMCID: PMC7921934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the results of a systematic review on the prevalence of sexual abuse experienced in adulthood by individuals with intellectual disability. An electronic and manual search of academic journals was performed on four databases via EBSCO Host: Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL Full-Text. In addition, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science (core collection) were searched. After an initial selection of 1037 documents, 25 articles remained for quantitative synthesis. The combined prevalence of sexual abuse in adults with intellectual disability was 32.9% (95% CI: 22.7–43.0) and sensitivity analysis revealed that the prevalence was not outweighed by a single study. Overall, the United Kingdom had the highest prevalence (r = 34.1%), and the USA had the lowest (r = 15.2%). The overall prevalence in females was lower (r = 31.8%) than that in males (r = 39.9%). Subgroup analyses revealed that prevalence of sexual abuse was higher in institutionalized individuals. The most prevalent profile of abuser is of a peer with intellectual disability. Prevalence increases from mild to severe levels of intellectual disability and decreases in profound levels. It is also more prevalent when the informant is the individual with intellectual disability than when someone else reports abuse. In sum, one in three adults with intellectual disability suffers sexual abuse in adulthood. Special attention should be paid for early detection and intervention in high risk situations.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim S, Park S, Kim GU. Association of depression, pain, resilience, social support with post-traumatic stress in sexual abuse: A quantile regression approach. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 23:611-619. [PMID: 33460200 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress levels and factors influencing the sexual abuse period may differ between victims. This cross-sectional study conducted a secondary analysis of primary online survey data extracted from a previous study. We examined the extent of trauma (types, timing) and depression, pain, resilience, and social support associated with post-traumatic stress affecting the post-traumatic stress percentile. Among 3000 adults aged 19-65 years, 1223 adults experienced childhood sexual abuse, adulthood sexual abuse, or childhood and adulthood sexual abuse. We conducted descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and simultaneous quantile regression. Quantile regression analysis showed the 80th percentile groups in childhood sexual abuse, education, depression, and social support were significantly associated with post-traumatic stress. Depression was significantly and positively associated with post-traumatic stress. Resilience was significantly and negatively associated with post-traumatic stress in adulthood sexual abuse victims. Depression and pain were significantly and positively associated with post-traumatic stress in childhood and adulthood sexual abuse victims. Post-traumatic stress severity and influencing factors differed according to victims' age when the sexual abuse occurred, implying interventions should be tailored to each victim's post-traumatic stress level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunah Kim
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Park
- College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Un Kim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gil-Llario MD, Morell-Mengual V, Fernández-García O, Castro-Calvo J, Ballester-Arnal R. Development and psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 35:976-987. [PMID: 33103331 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability (ASBKID), other-reported by professionals who are in daily contact with them. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Assessments of 236 individuals with intellectual disability were obtained from 100 professionals. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure: concern about the user's inappropriate or uninhibited sexual behaviour; perception of the user's knowledge about privacy and social norms; perception of the user's knowledge about sexuality; and concerns about the user's sexuality. A multi-group CFA was also conducted in men and women, confirming the adequacy of this four-factor structure by gender. The reliability of the factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.92. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric results obtained support the use of the ASBKID as a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of sexual behaviour and knowledge in both men and women with intellectual disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Gil-Llario
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Morell-Mengual
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Fernández-García
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro-Calvo
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| |
Collapse
|