1
|
Shen W, Wei W, Wang S, Yang X, Wang R, Tian H. RNA-binding protein AZGP1 inhibits epithelial cell proliferation by regulating the genes of alternative splicing in COPD. Gene 2024; 927:148736. [PMID: 38950687 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates worldwide. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) might regulate genes involved in oxidative stress and inflammation in COPD patients. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers an accurate tool for identifying intercellular heterogeneity and the diversity of immune cells. However, the role of RBPs in the regulation of various cells, especially AT2 cells, remains elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scRNA-seq dataset (GSE173896) and a bulk RNA-seq dataset acquired from airway tissues (GSE124180) were employed for data mining. Next, RNA-seq analysis was performed in both COPD and control patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using criteria of fold change (FC ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 1.5) and P value ≤ 0.05. Lastly, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and alternative splicing identification analyses were carried out. RESULTS RBP genes exhibited specific expression patterns across different cell groups and participated in cell proliferation and mitochondrial dysfunction in AT2 cells. As an RBP, AZGP1 expression was upregulated in both the scRNA-seq and RNA-seq datasets. It might potentially be a candidate immune biomarker that regulates COPD progression by modulating AT2 cell proliferation and adhesion by regulating the expression of SAMD5, DNER, DPYSL3, GBP5, GBP3, and KCNJ2. Moreover, AZGP1 regulated alternative splicing events in COPD, particularly DDAH1 and SFRP1, holding significant implications in COPD. CONCLUSION RBP gene AZGP1 inhibits epithelial cell proliferation by regulating genes participating in alternative splicing in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- General Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- General Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- General Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- General Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- General Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Hong Tian
- General Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cigalotto L, Martinvalet D. Granzymes in health and diseases: the good, the bad and the ugly. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371743. [PMID: 38646541 PMCID: PMC11026543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of serine proteases, composed of five human members: GA, B, H, M and K. They were first discovered in the 1980s within cytotoxic granules released during NK cell- and T cell-mediated killing. Through their various proteolytic activities, granzymes can trigger different pathways within cells, all of which ultimately lead to the same result, cell death. Over the years, the initial consideration of granzymes as mere cytotoxic mediators has changed due to surprising findings demonstrating their expression in cells other than immune effectors as well as new intracellular and extracellular activities. Additional roles have been identified in the extracellular milieu, following granzyme escape from the immunological synapse or their release by specific cell types. Outside the cell, granzyme activities mediate extracellular matrix alteration via the degradation of matrix proteins or surface receptors. In certain contexts, these processes are essential for tissue homeostasis; in others, excessive matrix degradation and extensive cell death contribute to the onset of chronic diseases, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Here, we provide an overview of both the physiological and pathological roles of granzymes, highlighting their utility while also recognizing how their unregulated presence can trigger the development and/or worsening of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Cigalotto
- Laboratory of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxic Immunity, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute Of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Martinvalet
- Laboratory of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxic Immunity, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute Of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakayama J, Yamamoto Y. Cancer-prone Phenotypes and Gene Expression Heterogeneity at Single-cell Resolution in Cigarette-smoking Lungs. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2280-2291. [PMID: 37910161 PMCID: PMC10637260 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have been broadly utilized to reveal molecular mechanisms of respiratory pathology and physiology at single-cell resolution. Here, we established single-cell meta-analysis (scMeta-analysis) by integrating data from eight public datasets, including 104 lung scRNA-seq samples with clinicopathologic information and designated a cigarette-smoking lung atlas. The atlas revealed early carcinogenesis events and defined the alterations of single-cell transcriptomics, cell population, and fundamental properties of biological pathways induced by smoking. In addition, we developed two novel scMeta-analysis methods: VARIED (Visualized Algorithms of Relationships In Expressional Diversity) and AGED (Aging-related Gene Expressional Differences). VARIED analysis revealed expressional diversity associated with smoking carcinogenesis. AGED analysis revealed differences in gene expression related to both aging and smoking status. The scMeta-analysis paves the way to utilize publicly-available scRNA-seq data and provide new insights into the effects of smoking and into cellular diversity in human lungs, at single-cell resolution. SIGNIFICANCE The atlas revealed early carcinogenesis events and defined the alterations of single-cell transcriptomics, cell population, and fundamental properties of biological pathways induced by smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakayama
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oncogenesis and Growth Regulation, Research Institute, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Breder-Bonk C, Docter D, Barz M, Strieth S, Knauer SK, Gül D, Stauber RH. The Apoptosis Inhibitor Protein Survivin Is a Critical Cytoprotective Resistor against Silica-Based Nanotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2546. [PMID: 37764575 PMCID: PMC10535920 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nanoparticles is inevitable as they become widely used in industry, cosmetics, and foods. However, knowledge of their (patho)physiological effects on biological entry routes of the human body and their underlying molecular mechanisms is still fragmented. Here, we examined the molecular effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs) on cell lines mimicking the alveolar-capillary barrier of the lung. After state-of-the-art characterization of the used aSiNPs and the cell model, we performed cell viability-based assays and a protein analysis to determine the aSiNP-induced cell toxicity and underlying signaling mechanisms. We revealed that aSiNPs induce apoptosis in a dose-, time-, and size-dependent manner. aSiNP-induced toxicity involves the inhibition of pro-survival pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, correlating with reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin on the protein and transcriptional levels. Furthermore, induced Survivin overexpression mediated resistance against aSiNP-toxicity. Thus, we present the first experimental evidence suggesting Survivin as a critical cytoprotective resistor against silica-based nanotoxicity, which may also play a role in responses to other NPs. Although Survivin's relevance as a biomarker for nanotoxicity needs to be demonstrated in vivo, our data give general impetus to investigate the pharmacological modulation of Survivin`s functions to attenuate the harmful effects of acute or chronic inhalative NP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Breder-Bonk
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Dominic Docter
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Shirley K. Knauer
- Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Department of Molecular Biology II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Désirée Gül
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah BK, Singh B, Wang Y, Xie S, Wang C. Mucus Hypersecretion in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Treatment. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:8840594. [PMID: 37457746 PMCID: PMC10344637 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8840594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present with hallmark features of airway mucus hypersecretion, including cough and expectoration. Airway mucus function as a native immune system of the lung that severs to trap particulate matter and pathogens and allows them to clear from the lung via cough and ciliary transport. Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) is the main factor contributing to the increased risk of morbidity and mortality in specific subsets of COPD patients. It is, therefore, primarily important to develop medications that suppress mucus hypersecretions in these patients. Although there have been some advances in COPD treatment, more work remains to be done to better understand the mechanism underlying airway mucus hypersecretion and seek more effective treatments. This review article discusses the structure and significance of mucus in the lungs focusing on gel-forming mucins and the impacts of CMH in the lungs. Furthermore, we summarize the article with pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments as well as novel and interventional procedures to control CMH in COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binay Kumar Shah
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bivek Singh
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuanshuan Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Li Y, Gao Y, Kang J, Wang W, Yong YL, Qu X, Dang X, Shang D, Shao Y, Liu J, Chang Y, Zhao L. Fine particulate matter exposure disturbs autophagy, redox balance and mitochondrial homeostasis via JNK activation to inhibit proliferation and promote EMT in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115134. [PMID: 37331288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between fine particulate matter (FPM) exposure and the high risk of respiratory diseases. FPM can penetrate deep into the lung and deposit in the alveoli with breath, where it directly interacts with alveolar epithelial cell (APC). However, we know little about the effects nor mechanisms of FPM on APC. Here, using human APC A549 cells, we found that FPM resulted in blockade of autophagic flux, redox imbalance and oxidative stress, mitochondrial fragmentation, increased mitophagy and impaired mitochondrial respiration. Further we showed that activation of JNK signaling (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) release contribute to these adverse effects, with the former being upstream of the latter. More importantly, we found that scavenging ROS or inhibiting JNK activation could restore those effects as well as ameliorate FPM-induced inhibition of cell proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in A549 cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that FPM leads to toxicity in alveolar type II cells via JNK activation, and JNK-targeting or antioxidant strategies might be beneficial for prevention or treatment of FPM-related pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Yilin Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Jiahao Kang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Yu-Le Yong
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Xiaomin Dang
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Christenson JL, Williams MM, Richer JK. The underappreciated role of resident epithelial cell populations in metastatic progression: contributions of the lung alveolar epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1777-C1790. [PMID: 36252127 PMCID: PMC9744653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00181.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is difficult to treat and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. After cancer cells initiate metastasis and successfully seed a distant site, resident cells in the tissue play a key role in determining how metastatic progression develops. The lung is the second most frequent site of metastatic spread, and the primary site of metastasis within the lung is alveoli. The most abundant cell type in the alveolar niche is the epithelium. This review will examine the potential contributions of the alveolar epithelium to metastatic progression. It will also provide insight into other ways in which alveolar epithelial cells, acting as immune sentinels within the lung, may influence metastatic progression through their various interactions with cells in the surrounding microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Lu X, Fang X, Wang Z, Cheng S, Song J. Cigarette smoke extract combined with LPS reduces ABCA3 expression in chronic pulmonary inflammation may be related to PPARγ/ P38 MAPK signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114086. [PMID: 36115154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABCA3 (ATP-binding cassette class A3) is a transmembrane transporter that plays a positive role in chronic pulmonary inflammation by regulating lipid metabolism. However, it is not completely clear whether ABCA3 and its signaling factors are involved in chronic pulmonary inflammation induced by the combination of CSE (cigarette smoke extract) and LPS (lipopolysaccharide). In this study, we used the method of combining CSE and LPS which was widely used to study lung inflammation-related diseases and has been proven effective in our group's studies to create in vivo and in vitro pulmonary inflammation models. The result showed that, after CSE in combination with LPS treatment, ABCA3 expression was downregulated in rat lung in vivo and in a human alveolar cell line in vitro. ABCA3 expression was upregulated, and related inflammatory factors were downregulated in the state of overexpression of PPARγ or inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway, while PPARγ deletion or MAPK14 overexpression showed the opposite results. The level of PPARγ remained unchanged, and the expression of ABCA3 was upregulated in the state of the p38 MAPK pathway was inhibited under overexpression of PPARγ. These results indicate that CSE combined with LPS can result in downregulation of ABCA3 under conditions of inflammation, and that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway mediated by PPARγ can regulate the expression changes of ABCA3, thus providing new targets for treating chronic pulmonary inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Xianwang Lu
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Shihao Cheng
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Song
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, 230032, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keskinidou C, Vassiliou AG, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. Mechanistic Understanding of Lung Inflammation: Recent Advances and Emerging Techniques. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3501-3546. [PMID: 35734098 PMCID: PMC9207257 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung injury characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma. Hence, it is considered as the most appropriate clinical syndrome to study pathogenic mechanisms of lung inflammation. ARDS is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), while no effective pharmacological treatment exists. It is very important therefore to fully characterize the underlying pathobiology and the related mechanisms, in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In vivo and in vitro models are important pre-clinical tools in biological and medical research in the mechanistic and pathological understanding of the majority of diseases. In this review, we will present data from selected experimental models of lung injury/acute lung inflammation, which have been based on clinical disorders that can lead to the development of ARDS and related inflammatory lung processes in humans, including ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, smoke, acid aspiration, radiation, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), influenza, Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae and coronaviruses infection. Data from the corresponding clinical conditions will also be presented. The mechanisms related to lung inflammation that will be covered are oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, surfactant, and water and ion channels. Finally, we will present a brief overview of emerging techniques in the field of omics research that have been applied to ARDS research, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which may recognize factors to help stratify ICU patients at risk, predict their prognosis, and possibly, serve as more specific therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Keskinidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alice G Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mukherjee T, Behl T, Sharma S, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Mathew B, Kaur J, Kaur R, Das M, Aleya L, Bungau S. Anticipated pharmacological role of Aviptadil on COVID-19. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8109-8125. [PMID: 34846667 PMCID: PMC8630992 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that is produced by the lymphoid cells and plays a major role in immunological functions for controlling the homeostasis of the immune system. VIP has been identified as a potent anti-inflammatory factor, in boosting both innate and adaptive immunity. Since December 2019, SARS-Cov-2 was found responsible for the disease COVID-19 which has spread worldwide. No specific therapies or 100% effective vaccines are yet available for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning may offer a strategy and several drugs have been repurposed, including lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, and tocilizumab. This paper describes the main pharmacological properties of synthetic VIP drug (Aviptadil) which is now under clinical trials. A patented formulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), named RLF-100 (Aviptadil), was developed and finally got approved for human trials by FDA in 2001 and in European medicines agency in 2005. It was awarded Orphan Drug Designation in 2001 by the US FDA for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome and for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in 2005. Investigational new drug (IND) licenses for human trials of Aviptadil was guaranteed by both the US FDA and EMEA. Preliminary clinical trials seem to support Aviptadil's benefit. However, such drugs like Aviptadil in COVID-19 patients have peculiar safety profiles. Thus, adequate clinical trials are necessary for these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Mukherjee
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Sanchay Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ratandeep Kaur
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mayukh Das
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Johansson K, Woodruff PG, Ansel KM. Regulation of airway immunity by epithelial miRNAs. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:141-153. [PMID: 34549450 PMCID: PMC9135676 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is essential to protect the host from inhaled pathogens and particles. It maintains immune homeostasis and mediates tissue repair after injury. Inflammatory diseases of the airways are associated with failure of epithelial functions, including loss of barrier integrity that results in increased tissue permeability and immune activation; excessive mucus secretion and impaired mucociliary clearance that leads to airflow obstruction and microbial overgrowth; and dysregulation of cellular signals that promotes inflammation and alters tissue structure and airway reactivity. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in mounting appropriate cellular responses to environmental stimuli and preventing disease, using a common machinery and mechanism to regulate gene expression in epithelial cells, immune cells of hematopoietic origin, and other cellular components of the airways. Respiratory diseases are accompanied by dramatic changes in epithelial miRNA expression that drive persistent immune dysregulation. In this review, we discuss responses of the epithelium that promote airway immunopathology, with a focus on miRNAs that contribute to the breakdown of essential epithelial functions. We emphasize the emerging role of miRNAs in regulation of epithelial responses in respiratory health and their value as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - K. Mark Ansel
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Currently Proposed Treatments of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100979. [PMID: 34681202 PMCID: PMC8539950 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of COPD is progressive airflow obstruction primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS exposure causes an imbalance favoring pro- over antioxidants (oxidative stress), leading to transcription factor activation and increased expression of inflammatory mediators and proteases. Different cell types, including macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, contribute to COPD pathophysiology. Alteration in cell functions results in the generation of an oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to disease progression. Current treatments include inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilator therapy. However, these therapies do not effectively halt disease progression. Due to the complexity of its pathophysiology, and the risk of exacerbating symptoms with existing therapies, other specific and effective treatment options are required. Therapies directly or indirectly targeting the oxidative imbalance may be promising alternatives. This review briefly discusses COPD pathophysiology, and provides an update on the development and clinical testing of novel COPD treatments.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sahagun J, Chopra A, David AG, Dao D, Chittivelu S. Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a COVID-19 Recovered Patient. Cureus 2021; 13:e16415. [PMID: 34401214 PMCID: PMC8364669 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs with a spectrum of post-viral complications. There are well-described examples of pneumonia, empyema, pneumomediastinum, and spontaneous pneumothorax cases following COVID-19 infection within the literature. However, there is insufficient evidence implicating the cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in COVID-19 recovered patients. We present a previously infected COVID-19 patient who developed a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax two weeks after recovering. A review of the literature for similar cases was limited and therefore includes a summary of recommendations. Overall, the literature establishes that pneumothorax can occur during different phases of COVID-19 in patients without a history of pulmonary disease or barotrauma and is not necessarily associated with the severity of the viral infection. As in the case of our patient, the culmination of chronic inflammatory changes and an acute exacerbation from COVID-19 further predisposed him to a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. In summary, all cases of recovered COVID-19 patients should maintain close follow-up with their physician and seek medical attention if acute respiratory symptoms develop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sahagun
- Pulmonary Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria, USA
| | - Amit Chopra
- Pulmonary Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria , USA
| | - Alan G David
- Pulmonary Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria, USA
| | - David Dao
- Pulmonary Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria, USA
| | - Subramanyam Chittivelu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria - Order of Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rain M, Subramaniam B, Avti P, Mahajan P, Anand A. Can Yogic Breathing Techniques Like Simha Kriya and Isha Kriya Regulate COVID-19-Related Stress? Front Psychol 2021; 12:635816. [PMID: 33935886 PMCID: PMC8081973 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is tremendous on human life, not only affecting the physical and mental health of population but also impacting the economic system of countries and individual itself. The present situation demands prompt response toward COVID-19 by equipping the humans with strategies to overcome the infection and stress associated with it. These strategies must not only be limited to preventive and therapeutic measures, but also aim at improving immunity and mental health. This can be achieved by yogic breathing techniques. In this perspective, we emphasize the importance of yogic breathing, Simha Kriya and Isha kriya, the simple yet effective breathing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Rain
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Center for Anesthesia Research Excellence, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranay Mahajan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Mind Body Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre of Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ruaro B, Salton F, Braga L, Wade B, Confalonieri P, Volpe MC, Baratella E, Maiocchi S, Confalonieri M. The History and Mystery of Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells: Focus on Their Physiologic and Pathologic Role in Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2566. [PMID: 33806395 PMCID: PMC7961977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are a key structure of the distal lung epithelium, where they exert their innate immune response and serve as progenitors of alveolar type I (ATI) cells, contributing to alveolar epithelial repair and regeneration. In the healthy lung, ATII cells coordinate the host defense mechanisms, not only generating a restrictive alveolar epithelial barrier, but also orchestrating host defense mechanisms and secreting surfactant proteins, which are important in lung protection against pathogen exposure. Moreover, surfactant proteins help to maintain homeostasis in the distal lung and reduce surface tension at the pulmonary air-liquid interface, thereby preventing atelectasis and reducing the work of breathing. ATII cells may also contribute to the fibroproliferative reaction by secreting growth factors and proinflammatory molecules after damage. Indeed, various acute and chronic diseases are associated with intensive inflammation. These include oedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, fibrosis and numerous interstitial lung diseases, and are characterized by hyperplastic ATII cells which are considered an essential part of the epithelialization process and, consequently, wound healing. The aim of this review is that of revising the physiologic and pathologic role ATII cells play in pulmonary diseases, as, despite what has been learnt in the last few decades of research, the origin, phenotypic regulation and crosstalk of these cells still remain, in part, a mystery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruaro
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Braga
- ICGEB, Area Science Park, Padriciano, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Barbara Wade
- City of Health and Science of Turin, Department of Science of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Paola Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Concetta Volpe
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Elisa Baratella
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Serena Maiocchi
- Life Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (M.C.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34128 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (P.C.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li N, Li S, Wu Y, Xiong L, Li T, Xing D, Li Q, Wu D. Dexmedetomidine targets miR-146a and participates in the progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in vivo and in vitro. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1371-1379. [PMID: 33945148 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease and the third leading cause of death in the world. Dexmedetomidine has been reported to effectively inhibit histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. However, the molecular mechanism of dexmedetomidine in COPD has not been found. OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of dexmedetomidine in COPD, and to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of COPD. METHODS The expression of miR-146a was regulated by mimics or inhibitor and the relative expression of apoptotic proteins p53, Bax and Bcl-2 in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Dexmedetomidine was treated for 16HBE cells and alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2), the cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and Hoechst33342 staining. A COPD rat model was established by smoking to test the effects of dexmedetomidine on the progression of COPD. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum were measured by ELISA and the protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was also detected in dexmedetomidine treated COPD rat model. RESULTS miR-146a promoted 16HBE cell apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. Additionally, dexmedetomidine was showed to reduce the 16HBEL cell apoptosis through reducing the expression of miR-146a. Moreover, dexmedetomidine regulated cell apoptosis and cell apoptosis through miR-146a in AEC2 cells. More importantly, dexmedetomidine attenuated the morphology and pathology of COPD rat model. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine reduced 16HBE cells and AEC2 cell apoptosis and attenuated COPD by down-regulating miR-146a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Road Xiuhua, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shuangfeng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Road Xiuhua, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yehua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Road Xiuhua, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Road Xiuhua, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Road Xiuhua, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Dandan Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Road Xiuhua, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qiuchang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Road Xiuhua, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Duozhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Road Xiuhua, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Increased 18F-FDG accumulation in less-affected lung area in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and postoperative acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. Eur J Radiol 2020; 135:109477. [PMID: 33401111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether or not 18F-FDG accumulation in normal or less-affected lung fields increased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with postoperative acute exacerbation (PAE) of interstitial lung disease (ILD) MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six NSCLC patients with ILD and 50 patients without ILD (non-ILD patients) underwent pre-operative 18F-FDG-PET/CT at 2 institutions. Volume-of-interest (VOI) was placed to measure the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) in normal or less-affected lung fields at pre-defined 12 areas on ventral and dorsal locations of both lungs. SUVtissue fraction (TF) was defined as corrected SUVmean by using TF and mean computed tomography density on PET/CT. Harmonized SUVmean (hSUVmean) and SUVTF (hSUVTF) were calculated based on results of phantom study, which was performed to optimize the measured SUV difference among 2 institutions. Both the h-SUVmean and the h-SUVTF were compared between 8 patients with PAE of ILD (PAE group) or remaining 28 patients without PAE of ILD (non-PAE group) and non-ILD patients in each of the 12 areas. RESULTS The hSUVmean in PAE group was higher in 9 out of 12 locations as compared with non-ILD patients, whereas the hSUVmean was mostly similar between non-PAE group and non-ILD patients. In contrast, the hSUVTF in non-PAE group was similar to that in PAE group, and higher than in non-ILD patients in most locations. CONCLUSION 18F-FDG-PET/CT demonstrated increased SUVmean along with elevated SUVTF in normal or less-affected lung fields for NSCLC patients with PAE of ILD, which may reflect regional invisible fibrosis and inflammatory change.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rehman AU, Qureshi SA. The role of primary and secondary bio-molecules in optical diagnosis of pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101953. [PMID: 32818646 PMCID: PMC7430300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul Rehman
- Agriculture & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), 45650 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prasad A, Prasad M. Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading? Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:370. [PMID: 32850890 PMCID: PMC7419463 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 6. 3 million people worldwide as of 1st June 2020 and caused a global medical emergency. Healthcare professionals have been struggling to devise appropriate therapeutic strategies against the virus mainly due to the diverse range of symptoms and multiple-organ failure in infected patients. Several broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are being used for treatment; however, there is yet no specific drug or vaccine against the virus. Multiple-organ failure due to hyperactivity of the immune system resulting in cytokine storms is a major reason for death among the 5% critically ill patients. In this article, we have discussed the damage caused by COVID-19 on different organs of the human body.
Collapse
|
20
|
van Daalen KR, Reijneveld JF, Bovenschen N. Modulation of Inflammation by Extracellular Granzyme A. Front Immunol 2020; 11:931. [PMID: 32508827 PMCID: PMC7248576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzyme A (GrA) has long been recognized as one of the key players in the induction of cell death of neoplastic, foreign or infected cells after granule delivery by cytotoxic cells. While the cytotoxic potential of GrA is controversial in current literature, accumulating evidence now indicates roles for extracellular GrA in modulating inflammation and inflammatory diseases. This paper aims to explore the literature presenting current knowledge on GrA as an extracellular modulator of inflammation by summarizing (i) the presence and role of extracellular GrA in several inflammatory diseases, and (ii) the potential molecular mechanisms of extracellular GrA in augmenting inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim R van Daalen
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Atia T, Abdel-Gawad S. Pulmonary toxicity induced by exposure to phthalates, an experimental study. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:376-383. [PMID: 31777295 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1695025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Background: A plasticizer product, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is widely used in many consumer products, such as food packages, personal care products, children` toys, and medical devices. Phthalates are known to be released into the biological fluids and redistributed into various tissues linked with multiple health problems.Aim: We aimed to study the possible toxic effect of phthalate exposure on the lung tissues.Methods: Thirty male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups equally, received the following for two weeks once daily via gastric intubation: control group; received normal saline. The DEHP treated group received 2,85mg/kg per BW of DEHP dissolved in normal saline. The DEHP recovery group, received the same as the treated group, followed by two weeks without any treatment. For light microscopic study; the lung tissues were dissected, cut into small pieces, processed, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin as well as Masson trichrome stains. For electron microscopic study; the lung tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde, processed, embedded in epoxy, cut into ultrathin sections, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.Results: Compared to the control group, the alveolar tissues in the treated group showed a significant increase in collagen deposition and inflammatory cellular infiltration. The number of type-II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages/field were also significantly increased. However, these pathological changes improved slightly after stopping exposure to DEHP.Conclusion: DEHP has a toxic effect on the lung tissues, which after its withdrawal did not improve completely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Atia
- Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Sahar Abdel-Gawad
- Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
García-Fojeda B, González-Carnicero Z, de Lorenzo A, Minutti CM, de Tapia L, Euba B, Iglesias-Ceacero A, Castillo-Lluva S, Garmendia J, Casals C. Lung Surfactant Lipids Provide Immune Protection Against Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:458. [PMID: 30936871 PMCID: PMC6431623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes persistent respiratory infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), probably linked to its capacity to invade and reside within pneumocytes. In the alveolar fluid, NTHi is in contact with pulmonary surfactant, a lipoprotein complex that protects the lung against alveolar collapse and constitutes the front line of defense against inhaled pathogens and toxins. Decreased levels of surfactant phospholipids have been reported in smokers and patients with COPD. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surfactant phospholipids on the host-pathogen interaction between NTHi and pneumocytes. For this purpose, we used two types of surfactant lipid vesicles present in the alveolar fluid: (i) multilamellar vesicles (MLVs, > 1 μm diameter), which constitute the tensioactive material of surfactant, and (ii) small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs, 0.1 μm diameter), which are generated after inspiration/expiration cycles, and are endocytosed by pneumocytes for their degradation and/or recycling. Results indicated that extracellular pulmonary surfactant binds to NTHi, preventing NTHi self-aggregation and inhibiting adhesion of NTHi to pneumocytes and, consequently, inhibiting NTHi invasion. In contrast, endocytosed surfactant lipids, mainly via the scavenger receptor SR-BI, did not affect NTHi adhesion but inhibited NTHi invasion by blocking bacterial uptake in pneumocytes. This blockade was made possible by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and Rac1 GTPase activation, which are signaling pathways involved in NTHi internalization. Administration of the hydrophobic fraction of lung surfactant in vivo accelerated bacterial clearance in a mouse model of NTHi pulmonary infection, supporting the notion that the lipid component of lung surfactant protects against NTHi infection. These results suggest that alterations in surfactant lipid levels in COPD patients may increase susceptibility to infection by this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén García-Fojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoe González-Carnicero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba de Lorenzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M Minutti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia de Tapia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Euba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alba Iglesias-Ceacero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Physiological and structural changes of the lung tissue in male albino rat exposed to immobilization stress. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9168-9183. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
24
|
Lee H, Lee J, Hong SH, Rahman I, Yang SR. Inhibition of RAGE Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Epithelial Cell Damage via RAGE-Mediated Nrf2/DAMP Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:684. [PMID: 30013476 PMCID: PMC6036614 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis by environmental factor including cigarette smoke induces alveolar airway remodeling leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, the receptor for advanced glycan end products (RAGE) which is highly expressed in alveolar epithelium is emerging as a biomarker for COPD susceptibility or progression. However, it still remains unknown how RAGE plays a role in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-exposed human alveolar type II epithelial cell line. Therefore, we determined the efficacy of RAGE-specific antagonist FPS-ZM1 in response to CSE-induced lung epithelial cells. CSE induced the elevated generation of RONS and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and impaired the cellular antioxidant defense system. Further, CSE induced the alteration of RAGE distribution via the activation of redox-sensitive DAMP (Damage-associated molecular patterns) signaling through Nrf2 in cells. Although pre-treatment with SB202190 (p38 inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) failed to recover the alteration of RAGE distribution, treatment of FPS-ZM1 significantly exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative/nitrosative effects, also inhibited the activation of redox-sensitive DAMP signaling through Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) migration in the presence of CSE. Taken together, our data demonstrate that RAGE and Nrf2 play a pivotal role in maintenance of alveolar epithelial integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyeol Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Se-Ran Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Selim AO, Gouda ZA, Selim SA. An experimental study of a rat model of emphysema induced by cigarette smoke exposure and the effect of Survanta therapy. Ann Anat 2017; 211:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
26
|
Zemski Berry KA, Murphy RC, Kosmider B, Mason RJ. Lipidomic characterization and localization of phospholipids in the human lung. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:926-933. [PMID: 28280112 PMCID: PMC5408611 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a central role in lung physiology and pathology; however, a comprehensive lipidomic characterization of human pulmonary cells relevant to disease has not been performed. The cells involved in lung host defense, including alveolar macrophages (AMs), bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), and alveolar type II cells (ATIIs), were isolated from human subjects and lipidomic analysis by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS was performed. Additionally, pieces of lung tissue from the same donors were analyzed by MALDI imaging MS in order to determine lipid localization in the tissue. The unique distribution of phospholipids in ATIIs, BECs, and AMs from human subjects was accomplished by subjecting the large number of identified phospholipid molecular species to univariant statistical analysis. Specific MALDI images were generated based on the univariant statistical analysis data to reveal the location of specific cell types within the human lung slice. While the complex composition and function of the lipidome in various disease states is currently poorly understood, this method could be useful for the characterization of lipid alterations in pulmonary disease and may aid in a better understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Robert J Mason
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gu C, Li Y, Liu J, Ying X, Liu Y, Yan J, Chen C, Zhou H, Cao L, Ma Y. LncRNA‑mediated SIRT1/FoxO3a and SIRT1/p53 signaling pathways regulate type II alveolar epithelial cell senescence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3129-3134. [PMID: 28339038 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of alveolar structure and airspace enlargement are major pathological changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) are involved in maintaining lung tissue repair and alveolar homeostasis. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in multi‑regulating gene transcription, affecting processes including embryonic development, cell differentiation and cellular senescence. The primary aim of the present study was to explore the mechanisms of AECII senescence regulated by lncRNA‑mediated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box O 3a (FoxO3a) signaling pathways in patients with COPD. Lung tissues from patients with COPD exhibited pathological characteristics and significantly increased senescence‑associated β‑galactosidase activity. Furthermore, the expression levels of senescence‑associated lncRNA1 (SAL‑RNA1), SIRT1 and FoxO3a were reduced, but SAL‑RNA2, SAL‑RNA3, p53 and p21 were upregulated in the lung tissues of patients with COPD compared with control. The results of the present study indicated that lncRNA‑mediated SIRT1/p53 and FoxO3a signaling pathways may regulate AECII senescence in the pathogenesis of COPD, which may provide a novel experimental basis for the treatment of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiwang Ying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yuanshun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yingyu Ma
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chai AB, Ammit AJ, Gelissen IC. Examining the role of ABC lipid transporters in pulmonary lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Respir Res 2017; 18:41. [PMID: 28241820 PMCID: PMC5330150 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterised by excessive and persistent inflammation. Current treatments are often inadequate for symptom and disease control, and hence new therapies are warranted. Recent emerging research has implicated dyslipidaemia in pulmonary inflammation. Three ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are found in the mammalian lung – ABCA1, ABCG1 and ABCA3 – that are involved in movement of cholesterol and phospholipids from lung cells. The aim of this review is to corroborate the current evidence for the role of ABC lipid transporters in pulmonary lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we summarise results from murine knockout studies, human diseases associated with ABC transporter mutations, and in vitro studies. Disruption to ABC transporter activity results in lipid accumulation and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue. Furthermore, these ABC-knockout mice exhibit signs of respiratory distress. ABC lipid transporters appear to have a crucial and protective role in the lung. However, our knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms for these benefits requires further attention. Understanding the relationship between cholesterol and inflammation in the lung, and the role that ABC transporters play in this may illuminate new pathways to target for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Chai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ingrid C Gelissen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scaccabarozzi D, Deroost K, Lays N, Omodeo Salè F, Van den Steen PE, Taramelli D. Altered Lipid Composition of Surfactant and Lung Tissue in Murine Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143195. [PMID: 26624290 PMCID: PMC4666673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute lung injury (MA-ALI) and its more severe form malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) are common, often fatal complications of severe malaria infections. However, little is known about their pathogenesis. In this study, biochemical alterations of the lipid composition of the lungs were investigated as possible contributing factors to the severity of murine MA-ALI/ARDS. C57BL/6J mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 to induce lethal MA-ARDS, or with Plasmodium chabaudi AS, a parasite strain that does not induce lung pathology. The lipid profile of the lung tissue from mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65 developing MA-ALI/ARDS, but not that from mice without lung pathology or controls, was characterized by high levels of phospholipids -mainly phosphatidylcholine- and esterified cholesterol. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the linoleic/oleic fatty acid ratio of the latter reflect the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesterol esters. In spite of the increased total polyunsaturated fatty acid pool, which augments the relative oxidability of the lung membranes, and the presence of hemozoin, a known pro-oxidant, no excess oxidative stress was detected in the lungs of Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice was characterized by high levels of plasma proteins. The phospholipid profile of BAL large and small aggregate fractions was also different from uninfected controls, with a significant increase in the amounts of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine and the decrease in phosphatidylglycerol. Both the increase of proteins and lysophosphatidylcholine are known to decrease the intrinsic surface activity of surfactant. Together, these data indicate that an altered lipid composition of lung tissue and BAL fluid, partially ascribed to oedema and lipoprotein infiltration, is a characteristic feature of murine MA-ALI/ARDS and possibly contribute to lung dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katrien Deroost
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natacha Lays
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fausta Omodeo Salè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vite CH, Bagel JH, Swain GP, Prociuk M, Sikora TU, Stein VM, O'Donnell P, Ruane T, Ward S, Crooks A, Li S, Mauldin E, Stellar S, De Meulder M, Kao ML, Ory DS, Davidson C, Vanier MT, Walkley SU. Intracisternal cyclodextrin prevents cerebellar dysfunction and Purkinje cell death in feline Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:276ra26. [PMID: 25717099 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, leading to an increase in unesterified cholesterol and several sphingolipids, and resulting in hepatic disease and progressive neurological disease. We show that subcutaneous administration of the pharmaceutical excipient 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) to cats with NPC disease ameliorated hepatic disease, but doses sufficient to reduce neurological disease resulted in pulmonary toxicity. However, direct administration of HPβCD into the cisterna magna of presymptomatic cats with NPC disease prevented the onset of cerebellar dysfunction for greater than a year and resulted in a reduction in Purkinje cell loss and near-normal concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipids. Moreover, administration of intracisternal HPβCD to NPC cats with ongoing cerebellar dysfunction slowed disease progression, increased survival time, and decreased the accumulation of brain gangliosides. An increase in hearing threshold was identified as a potential adverse effect. These studies in a feline animal model have provided critical data on efficacy and safety of drug administration directly into the central nervous system that will be important for advancing HPβCD into clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jessica H Bagel
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gary P Swain
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Prociuk
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tracey U Sikora
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Veronika M Stein
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patricia O'Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Therese Ruane
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Ward
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Crooks
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Li
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susan Stellar
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Marc De Meulder
- Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mark L Kao
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cristin Davidson
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marie T Vanier
- INSERM U820; EA4611, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Steven U Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abd El Samad AA, Abd El Khalek Ibrahim G. Effect of green tea on amiodarone-induced lung injury in albino rats. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF HISTOLOGY 2015; 38:276-285. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000464782.57566.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
32
|
Gao W, Li L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ, Huang M, Yao X. Bronchial epithelial cells: The key effector cells in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Respirology 2015; 20:722-9. [PMID: 25868842 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of the bronchial epithelium is to act as a defensive barrier aiding the maintenance of normal airway function. Bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) form the interface between the external environment and the internal milieu, making it a major target of inhaled insults. However, BEC can also serve as effectors to initiate and orchestrate immune and inflammatory responses by releasing chemokines and cytokines, which recruit and activate inflammatory cells. They also produce excess reactive oxygen species as a result of an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance that contributes to chronic pulmonary inflammation and lung tissue damage. Accumulated mucus from hyperplastic BEC obstructs the lumen of small airways, whereas impaired cell repair, squamous metaplasia and increased extracellular matrix deposition underlying the epithelium is associated with airway remodelling particularly fibrosis and thickening of the airway wall. These alterations in small airway structure lead to airflow limitation, which is critical in the clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this review, we discuss the abnormal function of BEC within a disturbed immune homeostatic environment consisting of ongoing inflammation, oxidative stress and small airway obstruction. We provide an overview of recent insights into the function of the bronchial epithelium in the pathogenesis of COPD and how this may provide novel therapeutic approaches for a number of chronic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sini Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gu C, Li Y, Xu WL, Yan JP, Xia YJ, Ma YY, Chen C, Wang HJ, Tao HQ. Sirtuin 1 Activator SRT1720 Protects Against Lung Injury via Reduction of Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells Apoptosis in Emphysema. COPD 2014; 12:444-52. [DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.974740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
34
|
LI YAQING, XU WULIN, YAN JIANPING, XIA YINGJIE, GU CHAO, MA YINGYU, TAO HOUQUAN. Differentiation of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells into type II alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1507-13. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
35
|
Kaczyńska K, Walski M, Szereda-Przestaszewska M. Long-term ultrastructural indices of lead intoxication in pulmonary tissue of the rat. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:1410-1415. [PMID: 23985218 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present research long-term pulmonary toxicity of lead was investigated in rats treated by intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate for three consecutive days (25 mg/kg per day). Five weeks after treatment average lead content in the whole blood was 0.41 μg/dL ± 0.05, in the lung homogenates it measured 3.35 μg/g ± 0.54, as compared to the control values of 0.13 ± 0.07 μg/dL and 1.03 μg/g ± 0.59, respectively. X-ray microanalysis of lung specimens displayed lead localized mainly within type II pneumocytes and macrophages. At the ultrastructural level the effects of lead toxicity were found in lung capillaries, interstitium, epithelial cells, and alveolar lining. Alveolar septa showed intense fibrosis, consisting of collagen, elastin, and fibroblasts. Thinned alveolar septa had emphysematous tissue with some revealing signs of angiogenesis. Type II pneumocytes contained lamellar bodies with features of laminar destruction. Fragments of the surfactant layer were often detached from the alveolar epithelium. These findings indicate that 5 weeks after exposure, lead provokes reconstruction of the alveolar septa including fibrosis and emphysematous changes in the lung tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Laboratory of Respiratory Reflexes, Polish Academy of Sciences Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, 02-106 Warsaw, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bækvad-Hansen M, Nordestgaard BG, Dahl M. Heterozygosity for E292V in ABCA3, lung function and COPD in 64,000 individuals. Respir Res 2012; 13:67. [PMID: 22866751 PMCID: PMC3514156 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in ATP-binding-cassette-member A3 (ABCA3) are related to severe chronic lung disease in neonates and children, but frequency of chronic lung disease due to ABCA3 mutations in the general population is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that individuals heterozygous for ABCA3 mutations have reduced lung function and increased risk of COPD in the general population. METHODS We screened 760 individuals with extreme pulmonary phenotypes and identified three novel (H86Y, A320T, A1086D) and four previously described mutations (E292V, P766S, S1262G, R1474W) in the ABCA3 gene. We genotyped the entire Copenhagen City Heart study (n = 10,604) to assess the clinical importance of these mutations. To validate our findings we genotyped an additional 54,395 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. RESULTS In the Copenhagen City Heart Study individuals heterozygous for E292V had 5% reduced FEV₁ % predicted compared with noncarriers (t-test: p = 0.008), and an increased odds ratio for COPD of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1). In contrast, the A1086D mutation was associated with increased FEVFEV₁ % predicted (p = 0.03). None of the other ABCA3 mutations associated with lung function or COPD risk in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. In the larger Copenhagen General Population Study, and in the two studies combined, E292V heterozygotes did not have reduced lung function or increased risk of COPD (p = 0.11-0.98), while this was the case for the positive controls, surfactant protein-B 121ins2 heterozygotes and α₁-antitrypsin ZZ homozygotes. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that partially reduced ABCA3 activity due to E292V is not a major risk factor for reduced lung function and COPD in the general population. This is an important finding as 1.3% in the Danish population has partially reduced ABCA3 function due to E292V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Dahl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zheng Y, Bai C, Wang X. Potential significance of telocytes in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Expert Rev Respir Med 2012; 6:45-9. [PMID: 22283578 DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, even though the exact mechanisms are still not clear. Telocytes are characterized by telopodes, which are thin and long prolongations, and a small amount of cytoplasm rich with mitochondria, as shown by immune-positive staining against CD34, c-kit and vimentin. Telocytes have been found in many organs of mammals, including the trachea and lung. This report summarizes the latest findings associated with telocytes, with a special focus on the lung, and demonstrates that telocytes exist in the smooth muscle layer under cartilage and bronchiole in the lung, and also in the interstitial space of alveoli. Telocytes have a mediate connection with epithelial cells and direct connection with smooth muscle cells both in blood vessels and bronchiole in the lung. Telocytes also have a close relationship with other cell types, such as immune cells and stem cells. Telopodes appear with dichotomous branching and alternation of podom and podomer, forming a 3D network structure with complex homo- and hetero-cellular junctions. All characteristics of telocytes in lung tissue indicate that telocytes may play a potential, but important, role in the pathogenesis of lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Zheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mata M, Pallardo F, Morcillo EJ, Cortijo J. Piclamilast inhibits the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative responses of A549 cells exposed to H(2)O(2) via mechanisms involving AP-1 activation. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:690-9. [PMID: 22360706 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.669040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They can alter the expression of genes involved in cellular damage by activating transcription factors, including the NF-κB and the activator protein 1 (AP-1). Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as described in in vivo and in vitro COPD models. This study analysed the effects of piclamilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, on modulating the global gene expression profile in A549 cells exposed to H(2)O(2). MAIN METHODS Changes in gene expression were analysed using high-density Affymetrix microarrays and validated by RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was studied using BrdU incorporation. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate. C-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 activation were determined by ELISA and luciferase assay, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicate that H(2)O(2) modified the expression of several genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle control and cell signalling, including IL8, FAS, HIG2, CXCL2, CDKN25 and JUNB. Piclamilast pre-treatment significantly inhibited the changes in 23 genes via mechanisms involving AP-1 activation and c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63. Functional experiments confirmed our results, suggesting new targets related to the antioxidant properties of PDE4 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to demonstrate antioxidant effects of a selective PDE4 inhibitor at the global gene expression level, and the results support the importance of AP-1 as a key regulator of the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response of epithelial cells to oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mata
- Research Foundation of the University General Hospital of Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Herzig MC, Kolly C, Persohn E, Theil D, Schweizer T, Hafner T, Stemmelen C, Troxler TJ, Schmid P, Danner S, Schnell CR, Mueller M, Kinzel B, Grevot A, Bolognani F, Stirn M, Kuhn RR, Kaupmann K, van der Putten PH, Rovelli G, Shimshek DR. LRRK2 protein levels are determined by kinase function and are crucial for kidney and lung homeostasis in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4209-23. [PMID: 21828077 PMCID: PMC3188995 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and the normal function of this large multidomain protein remain speculative. To address the role of this protein in vivo, we generated three different LRRK2 mutant mouse lines. Mice completely lacking the LRRK2 protein (knock-out, KO) showed an early-onset (age 6 weeks) marked increase in number and size of secondary lysosomes in kidney proximal tubule cells and lamellar bodies in lung type II cells. Mice expressing a LRRK2 kinase-dead (KD) mutant from the endogenous locus displayed similar early-onset pathophysiological changes in kidney but not lung. KD mutants had dramatically reduced full-length LRRK2 protein levels in the kidney and this genetic effect was mimicked pharmacologically in wild-type mice treated with a LRRK2-selective kinase inhibitor. Knock-in (KI) mice expressing the G2019S PD-associated mutation that increases LRRK2 kinase activity showed none of the LRRK2 protein level and histopathological changes observed in KD and KO mice. The autophagy marker LC3 remained unchanged but kidney mTOR and TCS2 protein levels decreased in KD and increased in KO and KI mice. Unexpectedly, KO and KI mice suffered from diastolic hypertension opposed to normal blood pressure in KD mice. Our findings demonstrate a role for LRRK2 in kidney and lung physiology and further show that LRRK2 kinase function affects LRRK2 protein steady-state levels thereby altering putative scaffold/GTPase activity. These novel aspects of peripheral LRRK2 biology critically impact ongoing attempts to develop LRRK2 selective kinase inhibitors as therapeutics for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Herzig
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|