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Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-Associated Genes and Pathways through Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3993509. [PMID: 35132330 PMCID: PMC8817882 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3993509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common type of sleep apnea disorder. The disease seriously affects the patient's respiratory system. At present, the prognosis of the disease is poor and there is a lack of effective treatments. Therefore, it is urgent to explore its pathogenesis and treatment methods. Method We downloaded a set of expression profile data from GSE75097 related to OSAS based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and selected the representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the sample of the GSE75097 dataset. WGCNA was used to find genes related to OSAS and obtain coexpression modules. The Gene Ontology (GO) function and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used to analyze genes from key modules. Finally, Cytoscape software was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and analyze the hub genes. Result We obtained a total of 7565 DEGs. Through WGCNA, we got four coexpression modules and the modules most related to OSAS were green-yellow, magenta, purple, and turquoise, and we screened out eight hub genes (DDX46, RNF115, COPA, FBXO4, PA2G4, NHP2L1, CDC20, and PCNA). GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the key modules were mainly enriched in tRNA modification, nucleobase metabolic process, DNA ligation, regulation of cellular component movement, basal transcription factors, Huntington disease, and vitamin digestion and absorption. Conclusion These pathways and hub genes can facilitate understanding the molecular mechanism of OSAS and provide a meaningful reference for finding biological targets of OSAS treatment.
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Driendl S, Arzt M, Zimmermann CS, Jung B, Pukrop T, Böger CA, Haferkamp S, Zeman F, Heid IM, Stadler S. Sleep apnoea and incident malignancy in type 2 diabetes. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00036-2021. [PMID: 34007843 PMCID: PMC8093486 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00036-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep apnoea and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been linked to malignancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between sleep apnoea and incidence of malignancy in patients with T2D. Methods The DIACORE (DIAbetes COhoRtE) study is a prospective, population-based cohort study in T2D patients. In the sleep disordered breathing substudy, the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and percentage of night-time spent with a peripheral oxygen saturation of <90% (tsat90%) were assessed using a two-channel ambulatory monitoring device. Malignancy diagnoses were gathered using self-reported medical history data validated by medical records. Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident malignancy were derived by Cox regression adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, socioeconomic status and HbA1c. Results Of 1239 patients with T2D (mean age 67 years, 41% female, mean body mass index 30.9 kg·m−2), 79 (6.4%) were first-time diagnosed with a malignancy within a median follow-up period of 2.7 years (interquartile range 2.2–4.5 years). AHI, ODI and tsat90% were not associated with incident malignancy. In subgroup analysis, females showed increased cancer risk per AHI unit (adjusted HR 1.03 per AHI unit, 95% CI 1.00–1.06; p=0.028) and severe sleep apnoea (defined as AHI ≥30 events·h−1; adjusted HR 4.19, 95% CI 1.39–12.77; p=0.012). This was not seen in males, and a significant interaction was observed (interaction terms p=0.048 and p=0.033, respectively). Conclusion Sleep apnoea was not associated with incident malignancy in T2D patients. However, stratified analysis revealed a significant association between sleep apnoea and incident malignancy in females, but not in males. In patients with type 2 diabetes, sleep apnoea is not associated with the incidence of malignancy. However, stratified analysis shows that sleep apnoea is associated with incident malignancy in females, but not in males.https://bit.ly/37RAK8V
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Driendl
- Dept of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Michael Arzt
- Dept of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Claudia S Zimmermann
- Dept of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Jung
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Dept of Nephrology, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Dept of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Dept of Nephrology, Traunstein, Germany
| | | | - Florian Zeman
- Centre of Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M Heid
- Dept of Genetic Epidemiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Stadler
- Dept of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Gozal D, Almendros I, Phipps AI, Campos-Rodriguez F, Martínez-García MA, Farré R. Sleep Apnoea Adverse Effects on Cancer: True, False, or Too Many Confounders? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228779. [PMID: 33233617 PMCID: PMC7699730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder associated with increased cardiovascular, metabolic and neurocognitive morbidity. Recently, an increasing number of basic, clinical and epidemiological reports have suggested that OSA may also increase the risk of cancer, and adversely impact cancer progression and outcomes. This hypothesis is convincingly supported by biological evidence linking certain solid tumours and hypoxia, as well as by experimental studies involving cell and animal models testing the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation that characterize OSA. However, the clinical and epidemiological studies do not conclusively confirm that OSA adversely affects cancer, even if they hold true for specific cancers such as melanoma. It is likely that the inconclusive studies reflect that they were not specifically designed to test the hypothesis or because of the heterogeneity of the relationship of OSA with different cancer types or even sub-types. This review critically focusses on the extant basic, clinical, and epidemiological evidence while formulating proposed directions on how the field may move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda I. Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Research Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Francisco Campos-Rodriguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Valme (Seville, Spain), Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-García
- Pneumology Department, Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Research Unit, Polytechnic and University La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (R.F.)
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Sillah A, Faria F, Watson NF, Gozal D, Phipps AI. Five-year relative survival in sleep apnea patients with a subsequent cancer diagnosis. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:667-673. [PMID: 32022671 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES In vitro and animal studies suggest that intermittent hypoxia characterizing sleep apnea contributes to accelerated cancer progression. However, the impact of sleep apnea on survival subsequent to cancer diagnosis is unknown. METHODS We identified a cohort of 1,575 adults diagnosed with sleep apnea between 2005 and 2014 with a subsequent cancer diagnosis via linkage of the University of Washington Medicine system and a population-based cancer registry serving the same Seattle-Puget Sound region. We computed age-standardized 5-year relative survival after cancer diagnosis for all cancers combined, and for specific cancer sites, for both the sleep apnea cohort and the general Seattle-Puget Sound population, and we used US life tables as the reference population. Relative survival was estimated by sex, cancer stage, and health care engagement. RESULTS Five-year overall relative survival for cancer was more favorable in the sleep apnea cohort than in the general population [83.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 79.8%-86.8% vs 71.6%, 95% CI: 71.3%-71.9%]; this pattern was applicable to most specific cancer sites. However, 5-year relative survival was slightly less favorable in the sleep apnea cohort among patients with melanoma (97.7%, 95% CI: 84.6%-99.7% vs 99.2%, 95% CI: 98.8%-99.5%) and cancer of the corpus uteri (84.0%, 95% CI: 58.2%-94.5% vs 84.6%, 95% CI: 83.1%-86.0%). CONCLUSIONS The fact that survival after cancer, overall and for most cancer sites, was more favorable in patients with sleep apnea warrants larger community-based studies to further tease out effects of sleep apnea and treatment on site-specific survival for different cancer types, particularly in patients with melanoma or uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Sillah
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington.,Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Faiza Faria
- Institute of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nathaniel F Watson
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and University of Washington Sleep Medicine Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington.,Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Martinez-Garcia MA, Campos-Rodriguez F, Almendros I, Garcia-Rio F, Sanchez-de-la-Torre M, Farre R, Gozal D. Cancer and Sleep Apnea: Cutaneous Melanoma as a Case Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:1345-1353. [PMID: 31339332 PMCID: PMC6884053 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0577pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Campos-Rodriguez
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Valme, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Rio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez-de-la-Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain; and
| | - Ramon Farre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Almendros I, Martinez-Garcia MÁ, Obeso A, Gozal D. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cancer: Insights from Intermittent Hypoxia Experimental Models. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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