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Qian Q, Luo Z, Sun H, Wei Q, Shi J, Li L. Life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of wood-based biorefineries for cellulosic ethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130595. [PMID: 38493936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Poplar is widely used in the paper industry and accompanied by abundant branches waste, which is potential feedstock for bioethanol production. Acid-chlorite pretreatment can selectively remove lignin, thereby significantly increasing enzymatic efficiency. Moreover, lignin residues valorization via gasification-syngas fermentation can achieve higher fuel yield. Herein, environmental and economic aspects were conducted to assess technological routes, which guides further process optimization. Life cycle assessment results show that wood-based biorefineries especially coupling scenarios have significant advantages in reducing global warming potential in contrast to fossil-based automotive fuels. Normalization results indicate that acidification potential surpasses other indicators as the primary impact category. In terms of economic feasibility, coupling scenarios present better investment prospects. Bioethanol yield is the most critical factor affecting market competitiveness. Minimum ethanol selling price below ethanol international market price is promising with higher-levels technology. Further work should be focused on technological breakthrough, consumable reduction or replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Haoran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jingkang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Longfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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2
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Zhang C, Fang J, Chen WH, Kwon EE, Zhang Y. Effects of water washing and KOH activation for upgrading microalgal torrefied biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171254. [PMID: 38408659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Torrefaction is an effective pathway for microalgal solid biofuel upgrading, and alkali metal activation is also an efficient method to enhance fuel properties. This study explores the comparison of torrefaction alone and KOH activation combined with torrefaction to determine a better operation for biochar production from the microalga Nannochloropsis Oceanica. The results indicate that the HHV ranges of KOH-activated biochar and unactivated biochar are 25.611-32.792 MJ·kg-1 and 25.024-26.389 MJ·kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, KOH-activated biochar is better than unactivated biochar, with less residue, broader pyrolysis and combustion temperature ranges, higher elemental carbon, and less combined carbon. Moreover, KOH-activated biochar is close to the unactivated one from the viewpoint of expense calculation and life cycle assessment and thus possesses a better comprehensive performance. Overall, KOH activation is an efficient method for upgrading microalgal solid biofuel. The results are conducive to exploring further modification of microalgal solid biofuel production with better properties, thus leading to a greener and more efficient approach for upgrading fuel performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jin Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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3
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Musa AA, Onwualu AP. Potential of lignocellulosic fiber reinforced polymer composites for automobile parts production: Current knowledge, research needs, and future direction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24683. [PMID: 38314269 PMCID: PMC10837508 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable surge in research focusing on the use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) in the automobile industry. These materials offer several advantages over their synthetic counterparts, including lightweight properties, renewability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. This increasing research interest in NFRPCs within the automotive sector is primarily aimed at overcoming the challenges that have thus far limited their industrial applications when compared to conventional synthetic composites. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the potential applications and sustainability of lignocellulosic-based NFRPCs in the automobile industry. It examines the current state of knowledge, identifies research needs and existing limitations, and provides insights into future perspectives. This review shows that, while lignocellulosic fibers hold great promise as sustainable, high-performance, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional reinforcing fibers, continuous research is needed to further address issues such as fiber-matrix compatibility, processing techniques, long-term durability concerns, and general property improvement. These advancements are essential to meet the increasing performance demand for eco-friendly, renewable, and energy-efficient materials in automotive design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Adeiza Musa
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Azikiwe Peter Onwualu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria
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4
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Zhang Q, Cao Y, He M, Lei H, Song H, Alessi DS, Tsang DCW. Improved energy recovery from yard waste by water-starved hydrothermal treatment: Effects of process water and pressure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130211. [PMID: 38113950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of a high-loading process with less water consumption for the valorization of wet biomass waste through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) with and without N2 pressurization from the views of water saving, carbon utilization, and energy recovery. The results revealed that reducing the liquid-to-solid ratio from 10 to 2.5 significantly improved carbon storage in hydrochar due to preferential carbon sequestration as the solid phase (59.9%) instead of being lost in the liquid phase (∼10%). The pressurized HTC process resulted in a higher stability hydrochar through the devolatilization of secondary char that was less stable, yet resulted in ∼10% 15% more carbon transformation to the gas phase. A cost-benefit analysis further demonstrated the potential of the high-loading HTC process for enhancing energy recovery while minimizing energy consumption during hydrochar production from high-moisture yard waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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5
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Alengebawy A, Ran Y, Ghimire N, Osman AI, Ai P. Rice straw for energy and value-added products in China: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2023; 21:1-32. [PMID: 37362014 PMCID: PMC10267560 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-023-01612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The rise of global waste and the decline of fossil fuels are calling for recycling waste into energy and materials. For example, rice straw, a by-product of rice cultivation, can be converted into biogas and by-products with added value, e.g., biofertilizer, yet processing rice straw is limited by the low energy content, high ash and silica, low nitrogen, high moisture, and high-quality variability. Here, we review the recycling of rice straw with focus on the global and Chinese energy situations, conversion of rice straw into energy and gas, biogas digestate management, cogeneration, biogas upgrading, bioeconomy, and life cycle assessment. The quality of rice straw can be improved by pretreatments, such as baling, ensiling, and co-digestion of rice straw with other feedstocks. The biogas digestate can be used to fertilize soils. The average annual potential energy of collectable rice straw, with a lower heating value of 15.35 megajoule/kilogram, over the past ten years (2013-2022) could reach 2.41 × 109 megajoule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alengebawy
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yi Ran
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Nirmal Ghimire
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, 44600 Nepal
| | - Ahmed I. Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ping Ai
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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6
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Yun H, Dai J, Tan T, Bi X. Accelerate Large-Scale Biomass Residue Utilization via Cofiring to Help China Achieve Its 2030 Carbon-Peaking Goals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37307511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cofiring biomass with coal for power generation is an affordable and ready-to-deploy technology to help reduce carbon emissions and resolve residual biomass. Cofiring has not been widely applied in China primarily because of some practical limitations, i.e., biomass accessibility, technological and economic constraints, and lack of policy support. We identified the benefits of cofiring with consideration of these practical limitations based on Integrated Assessment Models. We found that China produces 1.82 Bts/year of biomass residues, 45% of which is waste. 48% of the unused biomass can be utilized without fiscal intervention and 70% can be utilized with the subsidized Feed-in-Tariffs for biopower and carbon trading. The average Marginal Abatement Cost of cofiring is twice that of China's current carbon price. Cofiring can help China create 153 billion yuan of farmers' income annually and reduce 5.3 Bts of Committed Cumulative Carbon Emissions (CCCEs, 2023-2030), contributing to the needed CCCE mitigations to China's overall sector and the power sector by 32 and 86%, respectively. About 201 GW of coal-fired fleets are not compliant with China's 2030 carbon-peaking goals, and 127 GW can be saved by implementing cofiring, representing 9.6% of the total fleets in 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaotao Bi
- Clean Energy Research Centre and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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7
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Nadeem F, Zhang H, Tahir N, Zhang Z, Rani Singhania R, Shahzaib M, Ramazan H, Usman M, Ur Rahman M, Zhang Q. Advances in the catalyzed photo-fermentative biohydrogen production through photo nanocatalysts with the potential of selectivity, and customization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129221. [PMID: 37217146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photo nanocatalyst have shownpromise in a variety of fields, including biohydrogen production where their catalytic efficiency is related to size, surface-to-volume ratio, and increasing the number of atoms on the surface. They can harvest solar light to create electron-hole pairs which is the key mechanism to define its catalytic efficiency, thus requiring suitable excitation wavelength, band energy, and crystal imperfections. In this review, a discussion on the role of photo nanocatalysts to catalyze biohydrogen production has been carried out. Photo nanocatalysts feature a large bandgap, andhigh defect concentration, thus having the ability to be tuned for their characteristics. Customization of the photo nanocatalyst has been addressed. Mechanism of the photo nanocatalysts in catalyzing biohydrogen has been discussed. Limiting factors of photo nanocatalysts were highlighted and several recommendations have been made to enhance the effective utilization of these photo nanocatalysts to enhance photo-fermentative biohydrogen production from biomass wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Nadeem
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Huan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Nadeem Tahir
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Shahzaib
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Hina Ramazan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Muneeb Ur Rahman
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002.
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Wang J, Fu J, Zhao Z, Bing L, Xi F, Wang F, Dong J, Wang S, Lin G, Yin Y, Hu Q. Benefit analysis of multi-approach biomass energy utilization toward carbon neutrality. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100423. [PMID: 37181230 PMCID: PMC10173784 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, biomass has been increasingly developed as a renewable and clean alternative to fossil fuels because of its carbon-neutral characteristics. China has been investigating the rational development and use of bioenergy for developing its clean energy and achieving carbon neutrality. Substituting fossil fuels with multi-source and multi-approach utilized bioenergy and corresponding carbon reduction in China remain largely unexplored. Here, a comprehensive bioenergy accounting model with a multi-dimensional analysis was developed by combining spatial, life cycle, and multi-path analyses. Accordingly, the bioenergy production potential and GHG emission reduction for each distinct type of biomass feedstock through different conversion pathways were estimated. The sum of all available organic waste (21.55 EJ yr-1) and energy plants on marginal land (11.77 EJ yr-1) in China produced 23.30 EJ of bioenergy and reduced 2,535.32 Mt CO2-eq emissions, accounting for 19.48% and 25.61% of China's total energy production and carbon emissions in 2020, respectively. When focusing on the carbon emission mitigation potential of substituting bioenergy for conventional counterparts, bioelectricity was the most effective, and its potential was 4.45 and 8.58 times higher than that of gaseous and liquid fuel alternatives, respectively. In this study, life cycle emission reductions were maximized by a mix of bioenergy end uses based on biomass properties, with an optimal 78.56% bioenergy allocation from biodiesel, densified solid biofuel, biohydrogen, and biochar. The main regional bioenergy GHG mitigation focused on the Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guangxi, Henan, and Guangdong provinces, contributing to 31.32% of the total GHG mitigation potential. This study provides valuable guidance on exploiting untapped biomass resources in China to secure carbon neutrality by 2060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyue Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingying Fu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Longfei Bing
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fengming Xi
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Feng Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Jiang Dong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiyun Wang
- Department of Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qinqin Hu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
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Ye H, Peng H, Li C, Li Y, Li Z, Yang Q, Chen G. A demonstration concentrating solar power plant in China: Carbon neutrality, energy renewability and policy perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:117003. [PMID: 36508975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Concentrating solar power (CSP) is considered as a promising renewable electricity source due to its superiority in providing dispatchable and base-load electricity. This study performs a systems process analysis to quantify the carbon emissions and nonrenewable energy costs induced by a state-of-art demonstration CSP plant located in the Tibetan plateau. Estimated to induce 111.2 g CO2 eq/kWh carbon emissions and 1.42 MJ/kWh non-renewable energy consumption, the CSP plant is considered to have extremely high carbon neutrality (88.8%) and energy renewability (86.4%). The prominent performance of carbon emissions reduction and energy conservation induced by the CSP plant shed light on its superiority of reliable power supply and environmental benefits. The plant is expected to cumulatively fulfill 3.4 million tons of carbon emissions reduction over its life cycle. In contrast to coal-based power and other renewable energy technologies, CSP technology is shown to be a promising solution to the low-carbon energy transition. Besides, a scenario analysis indicates that the incremental employment of CSP technologies will play a critical role in coping with climate change and energy security in China. Moreover, multiple policies to facilitate the development of the CSP system in China are elaborated, such as the promotion of integrated solar combined-cycle systems. The empirical finding draws a holistic picture of the carbon neutrality and energy sustainability performance of CSP technologies, and the systematic analysis in this study provides comprehensive policy perspectives for energy policy in the Tibetan region as well as in China in the context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Ye
- Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; GuangDong Electric Power Development Corporation Limited, Guangzhou 510000, PR China
| | - Huaiwu Peng
- PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710000, PR China
| | - Chaohui Li
- Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yilin Li
- Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Guoqian Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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10
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Xiong H, Wang X, Hu X. Research on the Duality of China's Marine Fishery Carbon Emissions and Its Coordination with Economic Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1423. [PMID: 36674174 PMCID: PMC9858879 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Through the Tapio model, this paper measures the "decoupling and coupling" relationship between carbon emissions, carbon sinks, and economic growth of marine fisheries in nine coastal provinces of China in 2009-2019, objectively evaluates the economic benefits of carbon emissions and low-carbon development potential, and then discusses the economic development models of marine fisheries in detail. The results showed that the total carbon sink and carbon emission of China's marine fisheries are increasing. Guangdong is dominated by "double low" economic benefits and low-carbon potential, and "double high" provinces have better resource endowment conditions; China's marine fishery economic development is still dominated by conventional types. To further promote the sustainable development of China's marine fisheries, all provinces should define the development orientation of marine fisheries, improve the production methods of marine fisheries according to local conditions, and adjust the industrial structure of marine fisheries in a timely manner, to achieve the low-carbon fishery goal of reducing carbon emissions and growing the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xiong
- Research Center of the Central China Economic Development, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinrui Hu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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11
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Dong Z, Bai X, Xu D, Li W. Machine learning prediction of pyrolytic products of lignocellulosic biomass based on physicochemical characteristics and pyrolysis conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128182. [PMID: 36307026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study predicts pyrolytic product yields via machine learning algorithms from biomass physicochemical characteristics and pyrolysis conditions. Random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Adaptive Boost (Adaboost) algorithms are comparatively analyzed. Among these algorithms, the RF algorithm is the best modeling algorithm and performs best in predicting the bio-oil yield and performs well in predicting biochar and pyrolytic gas yields. The moisture content, carbon content, and final heating temperature are the most important factors in predicting pyrolysis product yields, and biomass characteristics are more important than pyrolysis conditions. Furthermore, the carbon content positively affects the bio-oil yield and negatively affects the biochar yield, and the final temperature positively affects the pyrolytic gas yield and negatively affects the biochar yield. This work provides new insight for controlling the yields of pyrolytic products via the RF algorithm, which can facilitate the process optimization in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Dong
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of State Forestry Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Daochun Xu
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of State Forestry Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Lab of State Forestry Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Ma X, Wu L, Zhu Y, Wu J, Qin Y. Simulation of Vegetation Carbon Sink of Arbor Forest and Carbon Mitigation of Forestry Bioenergy in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13507. [PMID: 36294087 PMCID: PMC9603204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating carbon emissions through forest carbon sinks is one of the nature-based solutions to global warming. Forest ecosystems play a role as a carbon sink and an important source of bioenergy. China's forest ecosystems have significantly contributed to mitigating carbon emissions. However, there are relatively limited quantitative studies on the carbon mitigation effects of forestry bioenergy in China, so this paper simulated the carbon sequestration of Chinese arbor forest vegetation from 2018 to 2060 based on the CO2FIX model and accounted for the carbon emission reduction brought about by substituting forestry bioenergy for fossil energy, which is important for the formulation of policies to tackle climate change in the Chinese forestry sector. The simulation results showed that the carbon storage of all arbor forest vegetation in China increased year by year from 2018 to 2060, and, overall, it behaved as a carbon sink, with the annual carbon sink fluctuating in the region of 250 MtC/a. For commercial forests that already existed in 2018, the emission reduction effected by substituting forestry bioenergy for fossil energy was significant. The average annual carbon reduction in terms of bioenergy by using traditional and improved stoves reached 36.1 and 69.3 MtC/a, respectively. Overall, for China's existing arbor forests, especially commercial forests, forestry bioenergy should be utilized more efficiently to further exploit its emission reduction potential. For future newly planted forests in China, new afforestation should focus on ecological public welfare forests, which are more beneficial as carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Ma
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Regional Planning and Development Center, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Leying Wu
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yongbin Zhu
- Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaochen Qin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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13
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Alengebawy A, Mohamed BA, Ghimire N, Jin K, Liu T, Samer M, Ai P. Understanding the environmental impacts of biogas utilization for energy production through life cycle assessment: An action towards reducing emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113632. [PMID: 35700765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unlike renewable energy sources, burning fossil fuels has severe environmental impacts, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess and compare the environmental impacts of three biogas utilization scenarios for energy production. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to compare (i) biogas combustion in combined heat and power (CHP) unit, (ii) biogas burning in a steam boiler, and (iii) biogas upgrading using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit to determine the most sustainable option. The results revealed that the upgrading scenario was the best option, achieving emission savings in 8 out of 10 investigated impact categories. Among them, the emission saving was the highest in the marine aquatic ecotoxicity category (-4276.97 kg 1,4-DB eq./MJ). The CHP scenario was the second-best option, followed by the boiler scenario (worst option), and both had the most beneficial performance in the ozone depletion potential category with 6.29E-08 and 9.88E-08 kg CFC-11-eq./MJ, respectively. The environmental burdens of the boiler scenario were the highest in the marine aquatic ecotoxicity category (248.92 kg 1,4-DB eq./MJ). Although the CHP and boiler scenarios contributed to environmental burdens in all impact categories, they achieved beneficial performances compared to fossil fuel-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alengebawy
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Badr A Mohamed
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Nirmal Ghimire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Green Hydrogen Lab, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, 45200, Nepal
| | - Keda Jin
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mohamed Samer
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ping Ai
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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14
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Soft computing and statistical approach for sensitivity analysis of heat transfer through the hybrid nanoliquid film in rotating heat pipe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14983. [PMID: 36056037 PMCID: PMC9440205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the numerical solution for heat transfer through a rotating heat pipe is studied and a sensitivity analysis is presented by using statistical experimental design technique. Graphene oxide-molybdenum disulfide (GO-MoS2) hybrid nanofluid is taken as working fluid inside the pipe. The impact of the heat pipe parameters (rotation speed, initial mass, temperature difference) on the heat transfer and liquid film thickness is investigated. The mathematical model coupling the fluid mass flow rate and liquid film evolution equations in evaporator, adiabatic, and condenser zones of the heat pipe is constructed. The mathematical model is solved by implementation of "Particle Swarm Optimization" along with the finite difference method. The outcomes demonstrate that hybrid nanoparticles help to improve the heat transfer through the heat pipe and reduce liquid film thickness. The heat transfer rises with increasing temperature difference and reducing inlet mass, and it reduces slightly with rising rotation speed. The difference in liquid film thickness between the evaporator and condenser zones increases with increasing temperature difference and decreasing rotation speed. The impact of increasing the volume fraction of GO on the liquid film thickness is higher than that in the case of the MoS2 nanoparticles. However, an increase of the heat transfer is noticed in case of increasing the volume fraction of GO relative to increasing MoS2 concentration. Statistical analysis of the computed numerical data and the identification of significant parameters for total heat transfer are found using the response surface method. At 95% level of significance, the GO concentration in the hybrid nanofluid, inlet mass of the hybrid nanofluid and the temperature difference inside the evaporator zone of the pipe are found to be significant linear parameters for increasing heat transfer.
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15
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The Effects of the Type of Information Played in Environmentally Themed Short Videos on Social Media on People’s Willingness to Protect the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159520. [PMID: 35954877 PMCID: PMC9367977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study used a 2 × 2 experimental design to explore the effects of message type (non-narrative vs. narrative information) and social media metrics (high vs. low numbers of plays) of low-carbon-themed social media short videos on people’s willingness to protect the environment. Subjects completed questionnaires after viewing short videos that contained different message types and social media metrics, and a final sample of 295 cases was included in the data analysis. The study found that, while the type of information (i.e., non-narrative or narrative) of the low-carbon-themed social media short videos had no direct effect on people’s willingness to protect the environment, its indirect effects were significant. These indirect effects were achieved through immersion experience and social influence. Subjects who watched narrative videos had a higher level of immersion experience, which in turn was significantly and positively correlated with environmental intention; meanwhile, those who watched non-narrative videos experienced a higher level of social influence, which in turn was significantly and positively correlated with environmental intention. In addition, subjects who viewed high-volume videos experienced a more positive effect on their willingness to protect the environment. This study explored how message design could promote subjects’ perceptions and positive attitudes towards environmental protection, with important managerial implications.
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16
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Wang C, Jin H. Development of a Partitioning Kinetic Model of Biomass Gasification in Supercritical Water with a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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17
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Research on Greenhouse Gas Emission Characteristics and Emission Mitigation Potential of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment in Beijing. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are a significant cause of climate change, and municipal solid waste (MSW) is an important source of GHG emissions. In this study, GHG emissions from MSW treatment in Beijing during 2006–2019 were accounted, basing on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) inventory model; the influencing factors affecting GHG emissions were analyzed by the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model combined with the extended Kaya identity, and the GHG mitigation potential were explored based on different MSW management policy contexts. The results showed that the GHG emissions from MSW treatment in Beijing increased from 3.62 Mt CO2e in 2006 to 6.57 Mt CO2e in 2019, with an average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 4.68%, of which 89.34–99.36% was CH4. Moreover, the driving factors of GHG emissions from MSW treatment were, in descending order: economic output (EO), GHG emission intensity (EI), population size (P), and urbanization rate (U). The inhibiting factors were, in descending order: MSW treatment pattern (TP) and MSW treatment intensity (TI). Furthermore, compared with the BAU (business–as–usual) scenario, the GHG mitigation potential of the MSW classification and the population control scenario were 35.79% and 0.51%, respectively, by 2030.
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18
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Progress in Catalytic Conversion of Renewable Chitin Biomass to Furan-Derived Platform Compounds. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth but under-utilized. The effective conversion of chitin biomass to useful chemicals is a promising strategy to make full use of chitin. Among chitin-derived compounds, some furan derivatives, typically 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran, have shown great potential as platform compounds in future industries. In this review, different catalytic systems for the synthesis of nitrogen-free 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and nitrogen-containing 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran from chitin or its derivatives are summarized comparatively. Some efficient technologies for enhancing chitin biomass conversion have been introduced. Last but not least, future challenges are discussed to enable the production of valuable compounds from chitin biomass via greener processes.
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19
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Yao Y, Chen S, Zhang M. Sustainable Approaches to Selective Conversion of Cellulose Into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts: A Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:880603. [PMID: 35620654 PMCID: PMC9127155 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.880603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) as a triply catalytic product is a value-added refining chemical in industry production. 5-HMF as biomass feedstock enables to be transformed into other high-value industrial compounds, such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). Hence, catalytic conversion of biomass into 5-HMF has been given much more attention by chemists. In this review, some latest studies about the conversion of cellulose to 5-HMF have been introduced systematically. Solid acids such as heterogeneous catalysts have been widely applied in the conversion of cellulose into 5-HMF. Therefore, some novel solid acids with Brønsted and/or Lewis acidic sites, such as sulfonated solid acids, carbon-based acids, and zeolite particles employed for biomass conversions are listed.
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20
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Akhtar MZ, Zaman K, Rehman FU, Nassani AA, Haffar M, Abro MMQ. Evaluating pollution damage function through carbon pricing, renewable energy demand, and cleaner technologies in China: blue versus green economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24878-24893. [PMID: 34826072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and increased greenhouse gas emissions boost the global average temperature to less than 2°C, which is the estimated breakeven point. The globe is moving into blue pollution economies as the environmental sustainability objective becomes more distorted. The study looked at three United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, namely (i) affordable and clean energy; (ii) industry, innovation, and infrastructure; and (iii) climate change, to see how far the Chinese economy has progressed toward green and clean development strategy. In the context of China, the "pollution damage function" was intended to refer to carbon damages related to carbon pricing, technological variables, sustained economic growth, incoming foreign investment, and green energy. The data was collected between 1975 and 2019 and analyzed using various statistical approaches. The results of the autoregressive distributed lag model suggest that carbon taxes on industrial emissions reduce carbon damages in the short and long run. Furthermore, a rise in inbound foreign investment and renewable energy demand reduces carbon damages in the short term, proving the "pollution halo" and "green energy" hypotheses; nonetheless, the results are insufficient to explain the stated results in the long run. In the long run, technology transfers and continued economic growth are beneficial in reducing carbon damages and confirming the potential of cleaner solutions in pollution mitigation. The causal inferences show the one-way relationship running from carbon pricing and technology transfer to carbon damages, and green energy to high-technology exports in a country. The impulse response estimates suggested that carbon tax, inbound foreign investment, and technology transfers likely decrease carbon damages for the next 10 years. On the other hand, continued economic growth and inadequate green energy sources are likely to increase carbon pollution in a country. The variance decomposition analysis suggested that carbon pricing and information and communication technology exports would likely significantly influence carbon damages over time. To keep the earth's temperature within the set threshold, the true motivation to shift from a blue to a green economy required strict environmental legislation, the use of green energy sources, and the export of cleaner technologies. Source: Authors' self-extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid Zaman
- Department of Economics, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Faheem Ur Rehman
- Laboratory of International and Regional Economics, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Ural, Russia
| | - Abdelmohsen A Nassani
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh, 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Haffar
- Department of Management, Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh, 11587, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Improving Combustion Technology for Cooking Activities for Pollutant Emission Reduction and Carbon Neutrality. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient residential solid fuel combustion contributes significantly to ambient and indoor air pollutants. It consumes large quantities of fuel and produces harmful effects on health. Improvements in residential biomass cooking stoves have great potential for energy savings and emission reduction. This study presents an advanced biomass gasifier cooking stove to overcome the disadvantages of high-pollutant emissions from widely used stoves in China. The most innovative features of the stove are (1) negative pressure produced by a jet fan located at the junction of the chimney, and (2) combustion and carbonization processes taking place in the same chamber. Compared with a traditional chimney stove, the advanced biomass gasifier cooking stove presented higher TE (thermal efficiency) and comprehensively lower pollutant emissions when raw crop straws, crop straw briquettes, and pellets were burned in it. Approximately 40% CO2 and 90% of PM2.5 (the aerodynamic diameter was less than or equal to 2.5 μm) EFs (emission factors) were eliminated, and TE drastically tripled. Furthermore, biomass briquette/pellet was identified as more suitable than raw biomass as a fuel to be burned in the new stove, especially because the raw biomass displayed an increase in the EFs of As, Se, and Pb when burned in the new stove. The advancement in biomass cooking stove technology is a practical approach to reducing the emissions of CO2, PM2.5, and other hazardous pollutants.
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22
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Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production from Two-Stage Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pine Sawdust with Nano-NiO/Al2O3 Catalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen production from biomass pyrolysis is economically and technologically attractive from the perspectives of energy and the environment. The two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of pine sawdust for hydrogen-rich gas production is investigated using nano-NiO/Al2O3 as the catalyst at high temperatures. The influences of residence time (0–30 s) and catalytic temperature (500–800 °C) on pyrolysis performance are examined in the distribution of pyrolysis products, gas composition, and gas properties. The results show that increasing the residence time decreased the solid and liquid products but increased gas products. Longer residence times could promote tar cracking and gas-phase conversion reactions and improve the syngas yield, H2/CO ratio, and carbon conversion. The nano-NiO/A12O3 exhibits excellent catalytic activity for tar removal, with a tar conversion rate of 93% at 800 °C. The high catalytic temperature could significantly improve H2 and CO yields by enhancing the decomposition of tar and gas-phase reactions between CO2 and CH4. The increasing catalytic temperature increases the dry gas yield and carbon conversion but decreases the H2/CO ratio and low heating value.
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23
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Zhang S, Chen W. Assessing the energy transition in China towards carbon neutrality with a probabilistic framework. Nat Commun 2022; 13:87. [PMID: 35013253 PMCID: PMC8748502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A profound transformation of China's energy system is required to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, we couple Monte Carlo analysis with a bottom-up energy-environment-economy model to generate 3,000 cases with different carbon peak times, technological evolution pathways and cumulative carbon budgets. The results show that if emissions peak in 2025, the carbon neutrality goal calls for a 45-62% electrification rate, 47-78% renewable energy in primary energy supply, 5.2-7.9 TW of solar and wind power, 1.5-2.7 PWh of energy storage usage and 64-1,649 MtCO2 of negative emissions, and synergistically reducing approximately 80% of local air pollutants compared to the present level in 2050. The emission peak time and cumulative carbon budget have significant impacts on the decarbonization pathways, technology choices, and transition costs. Early peaking reduces welfare losses and prevents overreliance on carbon removal technologies. Technology breakthroughs, production and consumption pattern changes, and policy enhancement are urgently required to achieve carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenying Chen
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China.
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24
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhuang M. Bottom-up re-estimations of greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutants derived from straw burning of three cereal crops production in China based on a national questionnaire. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65410-65415. [PMID: 34322793 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crop straw open burning is considered as an important source of greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutants emissions, which affects global climate change and regional air quality. However, due to the limitation of data availability, the current emission estimation of greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutants from crop straw open burning remains uncertain based on the bottom-up method. Therefore, we re-estimate the greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutants from crop straw open burning at the county level based on a national questionnaire and the up-to-data emission factors. Results showed that emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, PM10, PM2.5, NMVOC, NH3, NOx, SO2, CO, BC, and OC from open straw burning are 69250.8 Gg, 242.9 Gg, 4.2 Gg, 771.0 Gg, 539.7 Gg, 498.2 Gg, 34.7 Gg, 200.4 Gg, 24.8 Gg, 3426.5 Gg, 63.0 Gg, and 278.5 Gg, respectively, which were lower than those of previous studies. Maize was the largest contribution, followed by wheat, rice. Hotspots for greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutants from straw burning are mainly distributed in the 54 counties of northeast China, accounting for 20% of total emissions on average. However, the high emission of maize, wheat, and rice are mainly located at the counties of north China, northeast China, and middle-lower Yangtze River region, respectively. This study not only provides the targeted counties that need decrease further the straw open burning, but also improves the precision of emission estimation that benefits air quality modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Academy of Macroeconomic Research, NDRC, Beijing, 100038, China
- Institute of Spatial Planning and Regional Economy (ISPRE), NDRC, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Minghao Zhuang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan west road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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25
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Abstract
Smog pollution is a severe social and environmental concern for the space-heating regions in China due to fossil-intensive space heating. To reduce polluting emissions and improve social and environmental performance, local government agencies should choose adequate cleaner space-heating technologies based on diverse local conditions. This implies that all cleaner heating solutions should be considered, including low-emissions fossil fuel district heating and low-emissions fossil fuel decentralized heating as transitional technologies, as well as biomass and electricity-driven heat pumps as long-term solutions. However, stakeholders such as policy makers, equipment manufacturers, and house owners, often lack necessary information to assess the feasibility for installing adequate heating solutions at the local level. It is therefore necessary to establish a systematic method to evaluate each heating solution in various geolocations of China. This paper reviews the current heating situation in China and proposes a spatial system analysis method as a tool for heating-solution feasibility evaluation. By applying the spatial system analysis method, a qualitative investigation on the choice of heating solution in different regions of China is provided.
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26
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Tang Q, Chen Y, Yang H, Liu M, Xiao H, Wang S, Chen H, Raza Naqvi S. Machine learning prediction of pyrolytic gas yield and compositions with feature reduction methods: Effects of pyrolysis conditions and biomass characteristics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125581. [PMID: 34298251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to utilize machine learning algorithems combined with feature reduction for predicting pyrolytic gas yield and compositions based on pyrolysis conditions and biomass characteristics. To this end, random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) was introduced and compared. The results suggested that six features were adequate to accurately forecast (R2 > 0.85, RMSE < 5.7%) the yield while the compositions only required three. Moreover, the profound information behind the models was extracted. The relative contribution of pyrolysis conditions was higher than that of biomass characteristics for yield (55%), CO2 (73%), and H2 (81%), which was inverse for CO (12%) and CH4 (38%). Furthermore, partial dependence analysis quantified the effects of both reduced features and their interactions exerted on pyrolysis process. This study provided references for pyrolytic gas production and upgrading in a more convenient manner with fewer features and extended the knowledge into the biomass pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haoyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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27
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Du W, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhuo S, Wu S, Liu W, Lin N, Shen G, Tao S. Field-based measurements of major air pollutant emissions from typical porcelain kiln in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117810. [PMID: 34329045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
China has been famous for its porcelains for millennia, and the combustion processes of porcelain production emit substantial amounts of air pollutants, which have not been well understood. This study provided firsthand data of air pollutant emissions from biomass porcelain kilns. The emission factor of PM2.5 was 0.95 ± 1.23 g/kg during the entire combustion cycle, lower than that of biomass burning in residential stoves and coal burning in brick kilns, attributed to the removal effects of the long-distance transport in dragon kilns. The temporal trend of particle pollutants, including particulate matters (PMs) and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (low at ignition phase and high at the end) again indicated the removal effects of the special structure, while gaseous pollutants, such as gaseous PAHs, exhibited the opposite result. The GWC100 was estimated as 1.4 × 106 and 0.5 × 106 kg CO2e/yr for the scenarios in which 50% and 100% of the wood was renewable, respectively. The GWC100 of dragon kilns is nearly equal to that of 745 households using wood-fueled stoves. These results indicate the necessity of pollution controls for biomass porcelain kilns to estimate the emission inventory and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Shaojie Zhuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Shuiping Wu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Song G, Wang L, Yao A, Cui X, Xiao J. Technical and Economic Assessment of a High-Quality Syngas Production Process Integrating Oxygen Gasification and Water Electrolysis: The Chinese Case. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27851-27864. [PMID: 34722985 PMCID: PMC8552359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural gas shortage, waste treatment, and renewable energy utilization and storage are the common issues in China. This research aims to evaluate a simple and reliable biomass and power-to-syngas process for high-quality syngas production integrating oxygen gasification and water electrolysis. The technical and economic evaluations are successively performed based on the simulation data. The single-stage and two-stage gasifiers are integrated and compared. The results show that the process with a two-stage gasifier has advantages in both technical and cost performances over that with a single-stage gasifier. Then, the optimal values of the operating variables are determined by investigating their effects on syngas composition and yield and the overall energy and exergy efficiencies. Then, by setting appropriate amounts of water for electrolysis and methanation pressures, the process can generate two typical products: thermochemical synthetic biogas (TSB) or synthetic natural gas (SNG). The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of TSB can reach 74.1 and 69.5%, respectively, while those of SNG can achieve 64.8 and 64.1%, respectively. The unit product cost of TSB is about one third of that of SNG, indicating that TSB makes a profit while SNG results in loss. A sensitivity analysis of the cost indicates that the constraints for TSB are much looser than those for SNG to gain profit. Additionally, this study proposes two indicators to characterize the electricity-storage capacities of biomass and syngas. The indicators show that SNG has big advantages over TSB in the specific capacity of electricity storage, and the capacities of SNG and TSB are approximately 52.0 and 4.7 times of the specific energy density of the lithium-ion battery pack in 2019, respectively. The work could be used as a reference for the countries lacking natural gas and valuable to guide the development of a two-stage gasifier, reduction in equipment cost, and evaluation of electricity-storage performance using biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Song
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing
Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
- ,
| | - Liang Wang
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing
Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Ailin Yao
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing
Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Xiaobo Cui
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing
Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key
Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of
Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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29
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Zhu D, Shao J, Li Z, Yang H, Zhang S, Chen H. Nano nickel embedded in N-doped CNTs-supported porous biochar for adsorption-reduction of hexavalent chromium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125693. [PMID: 33819644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon coated transition metal hybrids for the removal of hazardous hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has attracted increasing attention in wastewater treatment recently. In this study, three-dimensional nano-nickel particles embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes supported on porous biochar (Ni@N-K-C) were synthesized by a two-stage strategy of KOH activation followed by annealing. The effect of KOH activation treatment on the doping process and Cr(VI) removal properties were investigated. The results indicate that KOH activation can improve the pore parameters and promote subsequent doping of Ni and N and the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). After KOH pretreatment, the specific surface area of Ni@N-K-C increased significantly to 604.62 m2/g. The improved pore structure accelerates the mass diffusion of Cr(VI) ions and provides an available surface for the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI). Therefore, the Ni@N-K-C obtained at 900 °C showed a high removal capacity for Cr(VI) (824.4 mg/g) and a stronger ability to reduce to Cr(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jingai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Ziqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China; Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, 352199 Ningde, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Shihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
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30
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Zhang C, Ho SH, Chen WH, Wang R, Show PL, Ong HC. Oxidative torrefaction performance of microalga Nannochloropsis Oceanica towards an upgraded microalgal solid biofuel. J Biotechnol 2021; 338:81-90. [PMID: 34298023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising feedstock for carbon-neutral biofuel production due to their superior cellular composition. Alternatively, oxidative torrefaction has been recognized as a potential thermochemical technique for microalgal solid biofuel upgrading. Herein, by using microalga N. oceanica as a feedstock, several characterizations are adopted for evaluating the potential of oxidative torrefaction towards microalgal solid biofuel production. The oxidatively torrefied microalgae can be upgraded as lignite. After in-depth analysis, significant change in the surface microstructure of oxidatively torrefied microalgae is largely changed (via wrinkle and fragmentation) The hydrophobicity, thermal decomposition, thermal stability, and aromatization of oxidatively torrefied microalgae can be largely enhanced as the oxidative torrefaction severity increase. With the increasing torrefaction temperature, the hydrophobicity of oxidative torrefied microalgae gradually improved. The decomposition of C-2/3/5, and -OCH3, the CO bonds of CH3CO-, and the aromatization occurs via oxidative torrefaction according to the NMR analysis. For XPS analysis, torrefaction operation significantly decreases the carbide carbon and enhances the graphitization. As a result, the thermal stability of oxidatively torrefied microalgae is improved. Conclusively, the information obtained in this study can provide insights into the evaluation of oxidative torrefaction performance and fuel properties of microalgal solid biofuel, which may help accelerate the advancement of oxidative torrefaction industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan.
| | - Rupeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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31
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Wang Q, Sun S, Zhang X, Liu H, Sun B, Guo S. Influence of air oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction on the chemical properties of corn stalk. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125120. [PMID: 33848819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The non-structural components (extractives and ash) in biomass can affect the torrefaction characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of air oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction for corn stalk, which has higher organic extractives and lower ash contents. The raw materials were torrefied with air and nitrogen in a fluidized bed reactor at 180℃~235℃ and 200℃~280℃ for 1 h, respectively. The proximate and ultimate analysis results demonstrated that the lower ash content (3.89%) was not favorable for deoxygenation. The organic extractives, extracted materials and mixture were torrefied with nitrogen at 260℃. The results indicated that the addition of organic extractives reduced the deoxidation efficiency of structural components during torrefaction. Compared to raw materials, the moderate and severe removal of hemicellulose can be achieved through torrefaction under air and nitrogen, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China.
| | - Shipeng Sun
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Hongpeng Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Baizhong Sun
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin 132012, PR China
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32
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Agricultural Residue Management for Sustainable Power Generation: The Poland Case Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The European Union has set targets for renewable energy utilization. Poland is a member of the EU, and its authorities support an increase in renewable energy use. The background of this study is based on the role of renewable energy sources in improving energy security and mitigation of climate change. Agricultural waste is of a significant role in bioenergy. However, there is a lack of integrated methodology for the measurement of its potential. The possibility of developing an integrated evaluation methodology for renewable energy potential and its spatial distribution was assumed as the hypothesis. The novelty of this study is the integration of two renewable energy sources: crop residues and animal husbandry waste (for biogas). To determine agricultural waste energy potential, we took into account straw requirements for stock-raising and soil conservation. The total energy potential of agricultural waste was estimated at 279.94 PJ. It can cover up to 15% of national power generation. The spatial distribution of the agricultural residue energy potential was examined. This information can be used to predict appropriate locations for biomass-based power generation facilities. The potential reduction in carbon dioxide emissions ranges from 25.7 to 33.5 Mt per year.
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33
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Wang X, Xia D, Long X, Wang Y, Wu K, Xu S, Gui L. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Military Personnel Regarding Heat-Related Illness Risk Factors: Results of a Chinese Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:707264. [PMID: 34249854 PMCID: PMC8267788 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.707264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Military personnel are widely exposed to risk factors for heat-related illnesses. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are three of the most important means by which to prevent such illnesses, but there has been a lack of investigations into and correlation analyses of KAP. This study aimed to explore the heat-related KAP of military personnel in China. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study (June 1-25, 2019). A total of 646 military personnel were recruited from two Chinese Navy troops in the tropical zone and one troop in the temperate zone. We collected data on demographic characteristics and KAP scores using questionnaires. Univariate analysis and Scheffe's method were used for data analyses. Results: The mean KAP scores were 10.37 (range = 3-13, standard deviation = 1.63) for knowledge (K-score), 7.76 (range = 0-16, SD = 2.65) for attitudes (A-score), and 3.80 (range = 1-6, SD = 1.12) for practices (P-score). There were noticeable differences in mean K-score according to age, military rank, and educational level (P < 0.05). Participants from the tropical zone had higher A-scores (P < 0.05) and higher P-scores (P < 0.001) than those from the temperate zone. Additionally, participants with relevant experience also had higher A-scores (P < 0.05) than those without such experience. Conclusions: Military personnel's awareness of preventive and first-aid measures against heat-related illnesses need to be strengthened. It will be very important to develop educational programmes and enrich systematic educational resources to raise this awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuren Wang
- Emergency Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Nursing Department, The Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Hainan, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of PLA, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xisha Long
- Emergency Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Emergency Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Southwest Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University Affiliated Chengdu Third People' s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Gui
- Emergency Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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34
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Xing X, Wang R, Bauer N, Ciais P, Cao J, Chen J, Tang X, Wang L, Yang X, Boucher O, Goll D, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA, Balkanski Y, Clark J, Ma J, Pan B, Zhang S, Ye X, Wang Y, Li Q, Luo G, Shen G, Li W, Yang Y, Xu S. Spatially explicit analysis identifies significant potential for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in China. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3159. [PMID: 34039971 PMCID: PMC8154910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As China ramped-up coal power capacities rapidly while CO2 emissions need to decline, these capacities would turn into stranded assets. To deal with this risk, a promising option is to retrofit these capacities to co-fire with biomass and eventually upgrade to CCS operation (BECCS), but the feasibility is debated with respect to negative impacts on broader sustainability issues. Here we present a data-rich spatially explicit approach to estimate the marginal cost curve for decarbonizing the power sector in China with BECCS. We identify a potential of 222 GW of power capacities in 2836 counties generated by co-firing 0.9 Gt of biomass from the same county, with half being agricultural residues. Our spatially explicit method helps to reduce uncertainty in the economic costs and emissions of BECCS, identify the best opportunities for bioenergy and show the limitations by logistical challenges to achieve carbon neutrality in the power sector with large-scale BECCS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Urban Eco-Planning and Design, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Big Data Institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nico Bauer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C) The Cyprus Institute 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Goll
- Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Klimaforschung, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - James Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, The University of York, York, UK
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingnan Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yechen Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Xu M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Lv M, Zhu S, Qian T, Fan B. Energy recovery potential in coupling of sanitation and agriculture: Techno-economic analysis on resource-oriented sanitation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:141-151. [PMID: 33756114 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of sanitation system and agriculture production is essential to mitigate the environmental burden and offset unsustainable fertilizer utilization by employing resource-oriented sanitation. Yet, the economic feasibility and energy recovery potential from domestic waste have rarely been investigated. To assess four scenarios (whether with kitchen waste separation; whether with energy recovery) in the resource-oriented sanitation system, an integrated assessment framework based on energy analysis and techno-economic analysis is employed to investigate the comprehensive sanitation system including both wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal. The results show that energy recovery from human excreta and kitchen waste can offset the energy consumption of the sanitation system and the energy surplus can even be 1067.70 kJ·PE-1·day-1. The optimum covering range of the regional recovery center was quantified from the balance between scale effect and spatial distribution, and the serving inhabitants need to be more than 2800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Xu
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghuan Lv
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shikun Zhu
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bin Fan
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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36
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Setkit N, Li X, Yao H, Worasuwannarak N. Torrefaction behavior of hot-pressed pellets prepared from leucaena wood. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124502. [PMID: 33310409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, torrefaction behavior of hot-pressed wood pellet prepared at 250 °C and compression pressure of 70 MPa was examined at temperature 260-300 °C. It was found that the torrefaction behavior of hot-pressed pellet (HP) was significantly different from that of Raw and cold-pressed pellet (CP). The mass yield and energy yield for torrefaction at 300 °C and 30 min holding time for HP were 54.5% and 84.4%, respectively. Whereas the mass yield and energy yield for torrefaction at 300 °C and 30 min for Raw were 41.5% and 58.1%, respectively. From the gas formation analysis, it was found that the dehydration and deoxygenation reactions were accelerated to produce a large amount of H2O and CO2 during the torrefaction of HP. It was judged that torrefaction of hot-pressed pellet was very effective to prepare high quality black pellet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Setkit
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Nakorn Worasuwannarak
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
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A New Commerce Operation Model for Integrated Energy System Containing the Utilization of Bio-Natural Gas. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13246607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To promote the collaborative development of the bio-natural gas (BNG) industry and the integrated energy system (IES), this paper proposes a new commerce operation model considering the gas price adjustment mechanism for the IES with the utilization of bio-natural gas. The bi-level optimization model is used to simulate the clearing process within the open energy market framework, and the uncertainties of variable renewable energy output are modeled with a set of scenarios through the stochastic programming approach. In the upper-level model, the energy management center adjusts the bio-natural gas price rationally to minimize the expected total operating cost and release the price signal to the lower-level model; the lower-level model simulates the sub-markets clearing process to formulate detailed operation schemes. The bi-level model is transformed into a mathematical programming problem with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) through the Karush–Kuhn–Tucher (KKT) condition of the lower-level model, and the nonlinear model is converted into a mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved. The numerical results verified the effectiveness of the proposed model.
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Avocado-Derived Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy and Bioproducts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tree native to Mexico and Guatemala. Avocado consumption, fresh or in the form of processed products, is growing everywhere and it has caused a large number of countries to invest heavily in avocado production. The industrialization of avocado gives as a result a huge amount of waste, not only the peel and stone but also that waste generated by the pruning practices and oil extraction. These biomasses could be converted into raw materials to obtain different types of co-products, but this implies changes in the use of these resources, the design of efficient production systems, and integration to take full advantage of them, e.g., by developing biorefinery models. Therefore, this review firstly gives a snapshot of those residues generated in the avocado industry and provides their chemical composition. Secondly, this review presents updated information about the valorization ways of avocado-derived biomass to obtain bioenergy, biofuels, and other marketable products (starch, protein, phenolic compounds, and biosorbents, among others) using a single process or integrated processes within a biorefinery context. Green technologies to obtain these products are also covered, e.g., based on the application of microwaves, ultrasound, supercritical fluids, etc. As a conclusion, there is a variety of ways to valorize avocado waste in single processes, but it would be promising to develop biorefinery schemes. This would enable the avocado sector to move towards the zero-waste principle.
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Techno-Economic Assessment of Three Modes of Large-Scale Crop Residue Utilization Projects in China. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13143729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In China, the non-exploitation of bioenergy poses major problems and challenges. To solve bioenergy problems, considerable efforts have been made to expedite the construction of large-scale crop residue utilization projects. In this study, three principal supported modes of large-scale crop residue utilization projects were taken as empirical cases in Hubei province bioenergy planning. In terms of the overall benefit and sustainable development, a third-grade evaluation index system was established. The analysis was carried out using the analytical hierarchy process, principal component projection, and grey relational analysis. The conclusion indicates that according to the evaluation values, the sequence from best to worst was crop residue biogas project, crop residue briquette fuel project, and crop residue gasification project. Nevertheless, there was no remarkable difference in the overall evaluation values. The biogas project had certain advantages in terms of the production cost, soil improvement, and expenditure saving, whereas the gasification project was comparatively insufficient in environmental efficiency, product benefit, by-product disposal, and technical rationality. According to actual evaluation results, the unilateral determination approach of the single weight index can be seen as being overcome through the unified adaptation of the evaluation methods. The research results can serve as a reference for making investment decisions to build large-scale crop residue utilization projects.
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