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CUEVAS-ROMERO JS, CERRITEÑO-SÁNCHEZ JL, LARA-ROMERO R, VEGA-LÓPEZ MA, RAMÍREZ-ESTUDILLO C, RAMÍREZ-MENDOZA H, BERG M, LÖVGREN-BENGTSSON K. Immunogenicity of a recombinant hemagglutinin neuraminidase-Porcine rubulavirus produced by Escherichia coli of Porcine rubulavirus gives protective immunity of litter after challenge. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1595-1604. [PMID: 36273875 PMCID: PMC9791230 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine rubulavirus (PRV) is a contagious virus that affects the Mexican swine industry. This work aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of an recombinant hemagglutinin neuraminidase-Porcine rubulavirus (rHN-PorPV) candidate vaccine on pregnant sows, and the protective efficacy afforded to their 7-day-old suckling piglets against PRV lethal challenge. Three sows were immunized with rHN-PorPV formulated with immune-stimulating complex (ISCOMs) and two sows with rHN-PorPV protein alone as well as a mock-immunized pregnant sow (negative control). Quantitative ELISA detected a high concentration of anti-rHN-PorPV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in sow sera after the second dose of vaccine administered on day 14 until farrowing, showing viral-neutralizing and cross-neutralization activity against different variants of PRV. Sera samples from piglets of immunized sows (with or without adjuvant), showed high concentrations of IgG antibodies. As expected, piglets from the negative control sow (n=5), exhibited severe signs of disease and 100% of mortality after PRV challenge study. Conversely, 75% and 87.5% of the piglets born from the rHN-PorPV and the rHN-PorPV-ISCOMs-immunized sows (n=8), survived, respectively, showing milder PRV clinical signs. Our data indicate that rHN-PorPV candidate vaccine produced in Escherichia coli induces efficient humoral response in pregnant sows and that the maternally derived immunity provides high protection to suckling piglets against PRV lethal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Sandra CUEVAS-ROMERO
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud
Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, México City, Mexico,Correspondence to: Cuevas-Romero JS: , Centro
Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, KM. 15.5
Carretera México-Toluca. Col, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa CP, 05110, Ciudad de México,
Mexico
| | | | - Rocío LARA-ROMERO
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán FESC-UNAM,
Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio VEGA-LÓPEZ
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Carmen RAMÍREZ-ESTUDILLO
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto
Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Mikael BERG
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and
Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,
Sweden
| | - Karin LÖVGREN-BENGTSSON
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and
Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,
Sweden,Isconova AB, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Lara-Romero R, Cerriteño-Sánchez JL, Mendoza-Elvira S, García-Cambrón JB, Castañeda-Montes MA, Pérez-Aguilar JM, Cuevas-Romero JS. Development of Novel Recombinant Antigens of Nucleoprotein and Matrix Proteins of Porcine orthorubulavirus: Antigenicity and Structural Prediction. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091946. [PMID: 36146753 PMCID: PMC9504402 DOI: 10.3390/v14091946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue eye disease (BED) is a swine viral infection that affects the pork industry of Mexico. Porcine orthorubulavirus (PRV) is the etiological agent, and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN) is characterized as the best antigen for serological tests, although other structural proteins, including the nucleoprotein (NP) and the matrix (M) protein, have been investigated during the infection of members of the Paramyxoviridae family, generating promising results. Herein, for the first time, we successfully produced and characterized both the NP and M proteins of PRV by using a recombinant strategy in the E. coli heterologous system. The ORF of the NP and M genes were cloned in-frame with the pET-SUMO expression vector. Recombinant proteins proved to be a sensitive target to detect seroconversion at 7 days until 28 days in vaccinated mice (BALB/c) by indirect ELISAs. Immunoreactivity was also tested using porcine serum samples, in which antibodies were recognized from early stages to a persistence of PRV infection, which is indicative that these proteins contain properties similar to native antigens. The predicted tertiary structure showed that both proteins have a conserved structure that resembles those found in others Paramyxovirus. Our results pave the way for developing biotechnological tools based on these proteins for the control and prevention of BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Lara-Romero
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Km 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Estado de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Km 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
| | - Susana Mendoza-Elvira
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Estado de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Bryan García-Cambrón
- Maestría en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09089, Mexico
| | - María Azucena Castañeda-Montes
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Km 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Estado de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Km 15.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Palo Alto, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-38718700 (ext. 80312)
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3
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Santos-López G, Borraz-Argüello MT, Márquez-Domínguez L, Flores-Alonso JC, Ramírez-Mendoza H, Priem B, Fort S, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Reyes-Leyva J, Herrera-Camacho I. Neuraminidase activity of blue eye disease porcine rubulavirus: Specificity, affinity and inhibition studies. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:218-224. [PMID: 28502901 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine rubulavirus (PorPV), also known as La Piedad Michoacan Virus (LPMV) causes encephalitis and reproductive failure in newborn and adult pigs, respectively. The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein is the most exposed and antigenic of the virus proteins. HN plays central roles in PorPV infection; i.e., it recognizes sialic acid-containing cell receptors that mediate virus attachment and penetration; in addition, its neuraminidase (sialic acid releasing) activity has been proposed as a virulence factor. This work describes the purification and characterization of PorPV HN protein (isolate PAC1). The specificity of neuraminidase is restricted to sialyl(α2,3)lactose (3SL). HN showed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with fetuin as substrate (km=0.029μM, Vmax=522.8nmolmin-1mg-1). When 3SL was used as substrate, typical cooperative kinetics were found (S50=0.15μM, Vmax=154.3nmolmin-1mg-1). The influenza inhibitor zanamivir inhibited the PorPV neuraminidase with IC50 of 0.24μM. PorPV neuraminidase was activated by Ca2+ and inhibited by nucleoside triphosphates with the level of inhibition depending on phosphorylation level. The present results open possibilities to study the role of neuraminidase in the pathogenicity of PorPV infection and its potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Santos-López
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - María T Borraz-Argüello
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Biotecnología Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, Calpan, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Luis Márquez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Flores-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Humberto Ramírez-Mendoza
- Departamento de producción Animal Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Bernard Priem
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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4
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Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four neurovirulent Mexican isolates of porcine rubulavirus. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1765-1768. [PMID: 28185101 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequences of four neurovirulent isolates of porcine rubulavirus (PorPV) from 2015 and one historical PorPV isolate from 1984 obtained by next-generation sequencing. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the individual sequences of the complete HN genes of the 2015 isolates and other historical sequences deposited in the GenBank database revealed that several recent neurovirulent isolates of PorPV (2008-2015) cluster together in a separate clade. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequences revealed that the neurovirulent strains of PorPV that circulated in Mexico during 2015 are genetically different from the PorPV strains that circulated during the 1980s.
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5
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Herrera J, Gómez-Núñez L, Lara-Romero R, Diosdado F, Martínez-Lara A, Jasso M, Ramírez-Mendoza H, Pérez-Torres A, Rivera-Benítez JF. Acute neurologic disease in Porcine rubulavirus experimentally infected piglets. Virus Res 2017; 230:50-58. [PMID: 28104449 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical disease, humoral response and viral distribution of recent Porcine rubulavirus (PorPV) isolates in experimentally infected pigs. Four, 6-piglet (5-days old) groups were employed (G1-84, G2-93, G3-147, and G4-T). Three viral strains were used for the experimental infection: the reference strain LPMV-1984 (Michoacán 1984) and two other strains isolated in 2013, one in Queretaro (Qro/93/2013) and the other in Michoacán (Mich/147/2013). Each strain was genetically characterized by amplification and sequencing of the gene encoding hemagglutinin-neuroamidase (HN). The inoculation was performed through the oronasal and ocular routes, at a dose of 1×106TCID50/ml. Subsequently, the signs were evaluated daily and necropsies were performed on 3 different days post infection (dpi). We recorded all micro- and macroscopic lesions. Organs from the nervous, lymphatic, and respiratory system were analyzed by quantifying the viral RNA load and the presence of the infectious virus. The presence of the viral antigen in organs was evidenced through immunohistochemistry. Seroconversion was evaluated through the use of a hemagglutination inhibition test. In the characterization of gene HN, only three substitutions were identified in strain Mich/147/2013, two in strain LPMV/1984 (fourth passage) and one in strain Qro/93/2013, with respect to reference strain LPMV-84, these changes had not been identified as virulence factors in previously reported strains. Neurological alterations associated with the infection were found in all three experimental groups starting from 3dpi. Groups G1-84 and G3-147 presented the most exacerbated nervous signs. Group G2-93 only presented milder signs including slight motor incoordination, and an increased rectal temperature starting from day 5 post infection (PI). The main histopathological findings were the presence of a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (lymphocytic/monocytic) surrounding the ventricles in the brain and focal interstitial pneumonitis with distention of the alveolar sacs in the lungs. PorPV and RNA distribution were identified in the organs of the nervous, lymphatic, and respiratory systems of the piglets analyzed at different times (days 5, 10, and 15 PI). The viral antigen was detected in the brain and lungs in most of the assessed groups. Seroconversion was evident in groups G1-84 and G2-93. Groups G1-84 and G3-147 were the most clinically affected by the experimental infection. Both strains were isolated in the state of Michoacán. The virulence of the new isolates maintains similar characteristics to those reported more than 30 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Gómez-Núñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Lara-Romero
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Diosdado
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Atalo Martínez-Lara
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Jasso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Ramírez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Francisco Rivera-Benítez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Cuevas-Romero JS, Rivera-Benítez JF, Hernández-Baumgarten E, Hernández-Jaúregui P, Vega M, Blomström AL, Berg M, Baule C. Cloning, expression and characterization of potential immunogenic recombinant hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of Porcine rubulavirus. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 128:1-7. [PMID: 27496728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Blue eye disease caused by Porcine rubulavirus (PorPV) is an endemic viral infection of swine causing neurological and respiratory disease in piglets, and reproductive failure in sows and boars. The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of PorPV is the most abundant component in the viral envelope and the main target of the immune response in infected animals. In this study, we expressed the HN-PorPV-recombinant (rHN-PorPV) protein in an Escherichia coli system and analyzed the immune responses in mice. The HN gene was cloned from the reference strain PorPV-La Piedad Michoacan Virus (GenBank accession number BK005918), into the pDual expression vector. The expressed protein was identified at a molecular weight of 61.7 kDa. Three-dimensional modeling showed that the main conformational and functional domains of the rHN-PorPV protein were preserved. The antigenicity of the expressed protein was confirmed by Western blot with a monoclonal antibody recognizing the HN, and by testing against serum samples from pigs experimentally infected with PorPV. The immunogenicity of the rHN-PorPV protein was tested by inoculation of BALB/c mice with AbISCO-100(®) as adjuvant. Analysis of the humoral immune responses in mice showed an increased level of specific antibodies 14 days after the first immunization, compared to the control group (P < 0.0005). The results show the ability of the rHN-PorPV protein to induce an antibody response in mice. Due to its immunogenic potential, the rHN-PorPV protein will be further evaluated in pig trials for its suitability for prevention and control of blue eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, INIFAP, CP. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico; Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | - Marco Vega
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anne-Lie Blomström
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Baule
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Molecular characterisation of Porcine rubulavirus (PorPV) isolates from different outbreaks in Mexico. Virus Genes 2016; 52:81-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Cuevas-Romero JS, Blomström AL, Berg M. Molecular and epidemiological studies of Porcine rubulavirus infection - an overview. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2015; 5:29602. [PMID: 26584829 PMCID: PMC4653323 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v5.29602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine rubulavirus-La Piedad-Michoacan-Mexico virus (PorPV-LPMV) was identified as the causative agent of a viral disease that emerged spontaneously in Mexican swine in the 1980s. Since the report of the initial outbreak of the disease, only one full-length genome from a strain isolated in 1984 (PorPV-LPMV/1984) has been sequenced; sequence data are scarce from other isolates. The genetic variation of this virus that has spread throughout the main endemic region of Mexico is almost a complete mystery. The development of molecular techniques for improved diagnostics and to investigate the persistence, molecular epidemiology, and the possible reservoirs of PorPV are needed. Together, this will provide greater knowledge regarding the molecular genetic changes and useful data to establish new strategies in the control of this virus in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Microbiología Animal, INIFAP, México City, Mexico.,Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anne-Lie Blomström
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Cuevas-Romero S, Hernández-Baumgarten E, Kennedy S, Hernández-Jáuregui P, Berg M, Moreno-López J. Long-term RNA persistence of porcine rubulavirus (PorPV-LPMV) after an outbreak of a natural infection: the detection of viral mRNA in sentinel pigs suggests viral transmission. Virus Res 2014; 188:155-61. [PMID: 24768705 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of porcine rubulavirus (PorPV-LPMV) in five pigs that had survived an outbreak of a natural infection was determined. After the resolution of the outbreak, each animal was housed in an isolation pen together with one sentinel pig. Approximately every 2 months thereafter one group of animals was euthanized and tissue samples taken for virological and serological analysis. Infectious virus was not isolated from any samples; antibodies to PorPV-LPMV were detected in convalescent pigs by virus neutralisation test and blocking ELISA but not in sentinel pigs. PorPV-LPMV mRNA of the nucleoprotein (NP) and phosphoprotein (P) genes was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in samples of trigeminal and optic nerves, cervical spinal cord, tonsils, salivary gland, lung and pancreas from convalescent pigs. mRNA was also detected in the midbrain, corpus callosum, or olfactory bulb in four out of five pigs by nRT-PCR, this result was confirmed by the sequencing of a 260bp PCR product of P gene region. The highest average viral copies/μg of total RNA occurred in the olfactory bulb and pancreas tissues of convalescent pigs and midbrain, tonsil and pancreas of sentinel pigs housed with the convalescent pigs. Satellitosis and gliosis of the midbrain, olfactory bulb, corpus callosum, medulla oblongata or choroid plexus were microscopically observed in four convalescent pigs. The control pig remained negative in all tests. The results indicate that PorPV-LPMV mRNA persists and induces a durable humoral immune response in pigs that have recovered from a natural infection. After a possible reactivation of the virus, it was transmitted to sentinel pigs in contact with the convalescent pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuevas-Romero
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, INIFAP, Mexico DF, Mexico.
| | - E Hernández-Baumgarten
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FES-C), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - S Kennedy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Berg
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Moreno-López
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Rivera-Benitez JF, García-Contreras ADC, Reyes-Leyva J, Hernández J, Sánchez-Betancourt JI, Ramírez-Mendoza H. Efficacy of quantitative RT-PCR for detection of the nucleoprotein gene from different porcine rubulavirus strains. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1849-56. [PMID: 23525730 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Blue-eye disease is an emergent viral swine infection caused by porcine rubulavirus (PoRV). We have developed a qRT-PCR method to detect and quantify expression of the nucleoprotein gene for different PoRV strains. The limit of detection for this assay was 10(2) copies of synthetic RNA. Viral RNA from PoRV was detectable at a TCID50 of 0.01. Significant differences were observed between viral RNA quantification and virus titration results for nine PoRV strains. For nasal and oral swab samples that were collected from experimentally infected pigs, the qRT-PCR assay was more sensitive (87.1-83.9 %) for the detection of positive samples than methods involving isolation of virus. The implementation of highly sensitive assays that yield results quickly will be of great assistance in the eradication of PoRV from Mexico. We also believe that the newly developed qRT-PCR assay will help reduce the spread of this viral infection to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Rivera-Benitez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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Cuevas-Romero S, Blomström AL, Alvarado A, Hernández-Jauregui P, Rivera-Benitez F, Ramírez-Mendoza H, Berg M. Development of a real-time RT-PCR method for detection of porcine rubulavirus (PoRV-LPMV). J Virol Methods 2013; 189:1-6. [PMID: 23305816 PMCID: PMC7113651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide a rapid and sensitive method for detection of the Porcine rubulavirus La Piedad-Michoacan-Mexico Virus (PoRV-LPMV), we have developed a specific real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. The detection of PoRV-LPMV, represents a diagnostic challenge due to the viral RNA being present in very small amounts in tissue samples. In this study, a TaqMan(®) real-time PCR assay was designed based on the phosphoprotein gene of PoRV-LPMV, to allow specific amplification and detection of viral RNA in clinical samples. Assay conditions for the primers and probe were optimized using infected PK15 cells and ten-fold serial dilutions of a plasmid containing the whole P-gene. The sensitivity of the developed TaqMan(®) assay was approximately 10 plasmid copies per reaction, and was shown to be 1000 fold better than a conventional nested RT-PCR. The performance of this real-time RT-PCR method enables studies of various aspects of PoRV-LPMV infection. Finally, the assay detects all current known variants of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Escobar-López AC, Rivera-Benitez JF, Castillo-Juárez H, Ramírez-Mendoza H, Trujillo-Ortega ME, Sánchez-Betancourt JI. Identification of Antigenic Variants of the Porcine Rubulavirus in Sera of Field Swine and their Seroprevalence. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 59:416-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Flores-Ocelotl MDR, Rosas-Murrieta NH, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Reyes-Leyva J, Herrera-Camacho I, Santos-López G. Transcription of interferon stimulated genes in response to Porcine rubulavirus infection in vitro. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1167-75. [PMID: 24031738 PMCID: PMC3768783 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110003000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine rubulavirus (PoRV) is an emerging virus causing meningo-encephalitis and reproductive failures in pigs. Little is known about the pathogenesis and immune evasion of this virus; therefore research on the mechanisms underlying tissue damage during infection is essential. To explore these mechanisms, the effect of PoRV on the transcription of interferon (IFN) pathway members was analyzed in vitro by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Ten TCID50 of PoRV stimulated transcription of IFNα, IFNβ, STAT1, STAT2, p48 and OAS genes in neuroblastoma cells, whereas infection with 100 TCID50 did not stimulate transcription levels more than non-infected cells. When the cells were primed with IFNα, infection with 1 TCDI50 of PoRV sufficed to stimulate the transcription of the same genes, but 10 and 100 TCID50 did not modify the transcription level of those genes as compared with non-infected and primed controls. MxA gene transcription was observed only when the cells were primed with IFNα and stimulated with 10 TCID50, whereas 100 TCID50 of PoRV did not modify the MxA transcription level as compared to non-infected and primed cells. Our results show that PoRV replication at low titers stimulates the expression of IFN-responsive genes in neuroblastoma cells, and suggest that replication of PoRV at higher titers inhibits the transcription of several members of the IFN pathway. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of PoRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rosario Flores-Ocelotl
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Virología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Puebla , México
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