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Villanueva-Saz S, Martínez M, Rueda P, Bolea S, Pérez MD, Verde M, Yzuel A, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Pardo J, Santiago L, Fernández A, Arias M. The dynamics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in cats naturally exposed to virus reveals an increase in antibody activity after re-infection. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2179-2184. [PMID: 36918467 PMCID: PMC10014409 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in humans. To date, little is known about the persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in animals under natural conditions, in particular susceptible pets such as cat. This study reports the detection and monitoring of the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 including the detection of immunoglobulins G specific for receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibodies by virus neutralization assay. Results showed that these antibodies last longer than 16 months in two naturally apparently healthy infected cats with the absence of clinicopathological findings during the follow-up. Moreover, re-infection is also possible with an important increase in virus neutralization test titers in both animals with no evident systemic signs found during each physical examination and with values of hematologic and biochemical parameters inside the normal reference intervals. Our results confirm a slow but progressive decrease of the kinetics and immunity of neutralizing antibodies in cats after the infection. Furthermore, similar to humans SARS-CoV-2 reinfection can stimulate an increase of the neutralizing antibodies determined by these two serological techniques in domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Marivi Martínez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Rueda
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Bolea
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Bao B, Li Y, Liu C, Wen Y, Shi K. Response of cross-correlations between high PM 2.5 and O 3 with increasing time scales to the COVID-19: different trends in BTH and PRD. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:609. [PMID: 37097531 PMCID: PMC10127971 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The air pollution in China currently is characterized by high fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) concentrations. Compared with single high pollution events, such double high pollution (DHP) events (both PM2.5 and O3 are above the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)) pose a greater threat to public health and environment. In 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 provided a special time window to further understand the cross-correlation between PM2.5 and O3. Based on this background, a novel detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) based on maximum time series of variable time scales (VM-DCCA) method is established in this paper to compare the cross-correlation between high PM2.5 and O3 in Beijing-Tianjin-Heibei (BTH) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). At first, the results show that PM2.5 decreased while O3 increased in most cities due to the effect of COVID-19, and the increase in O3 is more significant in PRD than in BTH. Secondly, through DCCA, the results show that the PM2.5-O3 DCCA exponents α decrease by an average of 4.40% and 2.35% in BTH and PRD respectively during COVID-19 period compared with non-COVID-19 period. Further, through VM-DCCA, the results show that the PM2.5-O3 VM-DCCA exponents [Formula: see text] in PRD weaken rapidly with the increase of time scales, with decline range of about 23.53% and 22.90% during the non-COVID-19 period and COVID-19 period respectively at 28-h time scale. BTH is completely different. Without significant tendency, its [Formula: see text] is always higher than that in PRD at different time scales. Finally, we explain the above results with the self-organized criticality (SOC) theory. The impact of meteorological conditions and atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) variation during the COVID-19 period on SOC state are further discussed. The results show that the characteristics of cross-correlation between high PM2.5 and O3 are the manifestation of the SOC theory of atmospheric system. Relevant conclusions are important for the establishment of regionally targeted PM2.5-O3 DHP coordinated control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Bao
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan China
| | - Youping Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan China
| | - Chunqiong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan China
| | - Ye Wen
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan China
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Nguyen NN, Hoang VT, Dao TL, Dudouet P, Eldin C, Gautret P. Clinical patterns of somatic symptoms in patients suffering from post-acute long COVID: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022. [PMID: 35142947 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long COVID-19 may affect patients after hospital discharge. AIMS This study aims to describe the burden of the long-term persistence of clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. METHODS We conducted a systematic review by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that included information on the prevalence of somatic clinical symptoms lasting at least 4 weeks after the onset of a PCR- or serology-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The prevalence of persisting clinical symptoms was assessed and risk factors were described when investigated. Psychological symptoms and cognitive disorders were not evaluated in this study. RESULTS Thirty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen studies involved in-patients only with a duration of follow-up of either less than 12 weeks, 12 weeks to 6 months, or more. In these studies, fatigue (16-64%), dyspnea (15-61%), cough (2-59%), arthralgia (8-55%), and thoracic pain (5-62%) were the most frequent persisting symptoms. In nineteen studies conducted in a majority of out-patients, the persistence of these symptoms was lower and 3% to 74% of patients reported prolonged smell and taste disorders. The main risk factors for persisting symptoms were being female, older, having comorbidities and severity at the acute phase of the disease. CONCLUSION COVID-19 patients should have access to dedicated multidisciplinary healthcare allowing a holistic approach. Effective outpatient care for patients with long-COVID-19 requires coordination across multiple sub-specialties, which can be proposed in specialized post-COVID units.
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Boschitsch E, Naegele O, Klinger A, Brix-Samoylenko H. Long-term persistence with denosumab: real-world data from the Austrian Osteoporosis Clinic (AOC). A retrospective data analysis. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:263-272. [PMID: 34432114 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In short-term studies, persistence with denosumab has been higher than with other osteoporosis drugs. This study shows that persistence can be maintained in the long-term and is associated with efficacy and safety parameters. PURPOSE To assess long-term persistence with denosumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Secondary purposes were the evaluation of changes in efficacy and tolerance/safety parameters over time. METHODS Persistence was determined by number and rate of patients receiving denosumab on time in 6-month intervals (+ / - 8 weeks). The total population was stratified by internal patients (injections and monitoring at the Austrian Osteoporosis Clinic [AOC], 74%) and external patients (injections at the practitioner's office with occasional monitoring at the AOC, 26%). In internal patients, efficacy parameters including bone mineral density (BMD) and the bone marker CTX were assessed at fixed time points and tolerance/safety parameters including side effects (SEs), adverse events (AEs), and serious AEs (SAEs) evaluated. RESULTS Of 851 patients, 71% (73% internal and 64% external) were persistent at 7.5 years of follow-up. The mean rate of cumulative persistence in internal patients decreased from 94% at the time of the second dose to 73% at the time of the fifteenth dose. BMD increased and CTX decreased, overall and in pairwise comparisons (all p < .001). AEs and SAEs, but not SEs, were lower in persistent than non-persistent patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing that long-term (> 3 years) real-world persistence with denosumab could be maintained at a high level (> 70%) in most patients. Denosumab was well tolerated and associated with decreased CTX levels and increased BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewald Boschitsch
- Austrian Osteoporosis Clinic (AOC), Vienna, Austria.
- KLIMAX Menopause and Osteoporosis Clinic, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Oliver Naegele
- KLIMAX Menopause and Osteoporosis Clinic, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Klinger
- Austrian Osteoporosis Clinic (AOC), Vienna, Austria
- KLIMAX Menopause and Osteoporosis Clinic, Vienna, Austria
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Du J, Liu C, Wu B, Zhang J, Huang Y, Shi K. Response of air quality to short-duration high-strength human tourism activities at a natural scenic spot: a case study in Zhangjiajie, China. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:697. [PMID: 34618243 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-duration high-strength human tourism activities (SHHTA) can result in more air pollution emissions owing to increase motor vehicle usage, energy consumption and cooking fume emissions. Because of the strong uncertainty of human tourism behaviour, it is difficult to accurately assess the impact of SHHTA on air quality of natural scenic spots. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a novel ensemble empirical mode decomposition and detrended cross-correlation analysis (EEMD-DCCA) model to assess the influence of short-duration high-strength human tourism activities (SHHTA) on air quality. Zhangjiajie in China was selected as the study area. Hourly concentrations of NO2 were analysed from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 at two monitoring sites, in an urban area and a scenic spot. Through EEMD, the main modes of NO2 with short-duration high-frequency were obtained for both sites. The DCCA method was used to study the cross-correlation relationship between high-frequency modes of NO2 for the urban area and scenic spot. The results show that high-frequency modes of NO2 between the two sites displayed long-range cross-correlation at the 24-h time scale. Furthermore, the quantitative impacts of meteorological factors (e.g. precipitation, temperature, and wind speed) on the DCCA exponent for high-frequency modes of NO2 at the two sites were investigated. The novel model proposed in this study is not restricted by the uncertainty of pollution emission inventory. The relationship between meteorological factors and DCCA exponents corresponds to the hypothesis that NO2 pollution of the natural scenic spot mainly came from SHHTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Chunqiong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China.
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China.
| | - Bo Wu
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China.
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China.
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Yao T, Shao Z, Wu L, Dong S, Gao L, Wu Y, Shi X, Shi J, Liu G, Wang J, Zhao H, Guo H, Liu H, Wu X, Liu L, Song X, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Liang X, Wang S. Long-term persistent immunogenicity after successful standard and triple-dosed hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients: A 3-year follow-up study in China. Vaccine 2021; 39:2537-2544. [PMID: 33814231 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccines among hemodialysis patients has been documented, the long-term persistence of immunogenicity in this population remains largely unknown. We explored the long-term persistence of immunogenicity induced by different hepatitis B vaccine regimens in hemodialysis patients. METHODS In initial study, we conducted a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial among hemodialysis patients in 13 hospitals in Shanxi Province, China. A total of 352 hemodialysis patients were allocated to receive 3-dose 20 μg (IM20 group) and 3-dose 60 μg (IM60 group) recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at months 0, 1, and 6. Vaccine-induced immune responses were measured at month 7. In this study, the responders (anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL) were followed up at months 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42, respectively. We used the generalized log-rank test and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to analyze the long-term durability of responses and the kinetics of anti-HBs levels, respectively. RESULTS A total of 284 patients were involved in the extended follow-up period. The duration of vaccine-induced response with 75% of patients maintained protective antibody were 12 months and 18 months in the IM20 group and IM60 group, respectively (P = 0.291). The long-term persistent immunogenicity induced by 3-dose 60 μg was more satisfactory than that by 3-dose 20 μg hepatitis B vaccine in patients with hemodialysis duration ≥ five years (P = 0.023). The peak anti-HBs levels in 100-1000 mIU/mL or ≥ 1000 mIU/mL were more likely to maintain long-term protective antibody compared to anti-HBs levels in 10-100 mIU/mL (P < 0.05). The kinetic profile was similar between the two groups (P = 0.334). CONCLUSION High-dose 60 μg hepatitis B vaccine could lead a satisfactory long-term durability of immunogenicity among patients with hemodialysis duration of five years or more. Peak anti-HBs level after vaccination was associated with the long-term persistence of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Shao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lina Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Department of Pathology, the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Linying Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanting Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Huilin Zhao
- Linfen Central Hospital, 041000 Shanxi, China
| | | | | | - Xiaofeng Wu
- The Second People's Hospital of Jinzhong, 030600 Shanxi, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Linfen Central Hospital, 041000 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Fenyang Hospital of Shanxi Province, 032200 Shanxi, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- The hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven 06510, CT, USA
| | - Yongliang Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liang
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Agrawal A, Kolhapure S, Andani A, Ota MOC, Badur S, Karkada N, Mitra M. Long-Term Persistence of Antibody Response with Two Doses of Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine in Children. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:785-796. [PMID: 32710245 PMCID: PMC7680478 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis A virus infection is more severe in adults than children. Although vaccination can protect adults, current childhood programs cover a large population more successfully. Childhood vaccination is, therefore, a solution to protecting adults if it induces lasting immunity. Fifteen-year protection has been demonstrated in children, but longer-term data are only available for adults. We aimed to predict long term persistence of antibody in children beyond 15 years and assess if immunological mechanisms triggered by vaccination support longer-term protection. METHODS Long-term clinical studies using hepatitis A (HAV) or A/B vaccines (HAB) containing 720 or 1440 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Units (EU) of hepatitis A virus antigen were identified. Duration of persistence of antibodies and possible protection was determined by descriptively comparing antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) kinetics, as well as GMC (95% confidence interval) at 15 years post-vaccination across studies. Immunological mechanism studies describing hepatitis A vaccination were identified. RESULTS One study in children 12-15 years (2-dose HAB 720) and four in adults (2-dose HAV 1440 and 3-dose HAB 720) showed comparable GMC kinetics and per year rates of change up to 15 years. At 15 years, the GMC in children [414.7 mEU/ml (336.9; 510.5)] was in the same range as in adults [range 282.6 (217.6; 367.0) to 550.1 (416.0; 727.4)]. Based on these data, mathematical model predictions from adult studies (showing > 85% protected at 50 years) were deemed likely to also apply to children. Studies identified, both humoral and cell-mediated responses are induced following vaccination. CONCLUSION Based on comparable antibody data in adults and children up to 15 years, similar longer-term antibody persistence is expected in children with 2-dose inactivated hepatitis A 720 containing vaccine at least up to 50 years. Accordingly, improving routine childhood hepatitis A vaccination coverage could protect against more severe disease in adulthood. Fig. 1 Plain language summary TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT00875485, NCT01000324, NCT01037114, NCT00289757, NCT00291876.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin O C Ota
- Vaccines Scientific Affairs and Public Health, GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Selim Badur
- Vaccines Scientific Affairs and Public Health, GSK, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rar V, Yakimenko V, Tikunov A, Tancev A, Epikhina T, Tikunova N. Long-term persistence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia muris in wild rodents. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101440. [PMID: 32305237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Wild animals are reservoir hosts for a number of tick-transmitted agents, and long-term persistence of the agents is a key factor for their effective transmission from animal hosts to ticks. To study the persistence of Anaplasmataceae in rodents, 59 adult Myodes spp. voles (M. rutilus, M. rufocanus, and M. glareolus) were captured in Omsk Province, Asian Russia, freed from all ectoparasites, and kept in individual cages. Their blood samples were regularly analyzed for the presence of DNA of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia muris, and "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis". Anaplasma phagocytophilum, E. muris, and mixed infections were found in 29 (49 %), 17 (29 %), and 14 (24 %) voles, respectively. DNA of "Candidatus N. mikurensis" was not identified. Long-term persistence of A. phagocytophilum and E. muris in naturally infected Myodes spp. was shown for the first time. Thus, 12 animals with A. phagocytophilum were found infected for more than three months and four of them carried the bacterium throughout 22-55 weeks of observation. Four voles were infected with E. muris for 26-40 weeks. Fragments of groESL operon were sequenced for genotyping A. phagocytophilum and E. muris. In voles with A. phagocytophilum, the determined sequences belonged to two phylogenetic clusters. Most sequences were identical or closely related to those found in small mammals and Ixodes trianguliceps ticks from Western Siberia and European countries; one sequence was previously identified in rodents and Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pavlovskyi ticks from Asian Russia. Sequences of groESL fragments from E. muris were close to those determined previously in small mammals and I. persulcatus ticks from Siberia. In addition, a new groESL sequence of E. muris was identified in one vole and the sequence substantially differed from all known corresponding E. muris sequences (≥ 14 mismatches).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rar
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Artem Tikunov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksey Tancev
- Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections, Omsk, Russia
| | - Tamara Epikhina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina Tikunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Wells M, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Schoonmaker-Bopp D, Baker D, Thompson L, Wroblewski D, Nazarian E, Lapierre P, Musser KA. Insights into the long-term persistence of Legionella in facilities from whole-genome sequencing. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 65:200-209. [PMID: 30075256 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the value of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses in determining the relationships among and evolutionary rates of Legionella species with long-term persistence in three healthcare facilities. We examined retrospective clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella micdadei and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates with identical PFGE DNA fingerprints sampled over the course of up to 18 years. WGS analyses demonstrated that heterogeneous populations of Legionella were present within each facility despite displaying the same PFGE profiles. Additionally, clustering of some clinical isolates with those from a separate but related institution exposed a source of infection not previously detected, underscoring the importance of considering phylogenetic relationships when assessing epidemiological links. The data supported an average substitution rate of 0.80 SNPs per genome per year for L. micdadei but a reliable estimate for L. pneumophila serogroup 1 could not be obtained due to complicating factors such as non-chronological links among isolates and inadequate sampling depths. While the substitution rate for L. micdadei is consistent with previous estimates for L. pneumophila, the lack of a temporal signal in our sequence data for L. pneuomphila serogroup 1 isolates suggests either insufficient change to provide an estimate or variable evolutionary rates, which could reflect the presence of both actively dividing and viable but non-culturable Legionella spp. in the built environment. This study highlights the increased discriminatory power of WGS SNP analysis as compared to PFGE, emphasizes the need for extended sampling, and provides insight into the evolution of Legionella from longitudinal investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Wells
- Union College, 807 Union St., Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
| | - Erica Lasek-Nesselquist
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Dianna Schoonmaker-Bopp
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Deborah Baker
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Lisa Thompson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Danielle Wroblewski
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nazarian
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Pascal Lapierre
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kimberlee A Musser
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Beran J, Lattanzi M, Xie F, Moraschini L, Galgani I. Second five-year follow-up after a booster vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis following different primary vaccination schedules demonstrates at least 10 years antibody persistence. Vaccine 2018; 37:4623-4629. [PMID: 29397225 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick borne encephalitis (TBE) endemic zones are expanding. We previously evaluated long term persistence of antibody 5 years after the first booster immunization following different primary immunization schedules with the polygeline-free inactivated TBE vaccine (TBEvac) in adults and adolescents. Here, we report anti-TBE virus (TBEV) antibody persistence from 6 to 10 years post-booster administration. METHODS This was a phase IV, open-label, single-center, second extension study (NCT01562444), conducted in Czechia. Healthy adults and adolescents ≥12 years who had received 3 different primary vaccination schedules (rapid, conventional and accelerated conventional) in the parent study and a booster dose before (12-18 months post-primary series completion) or at the beginning (3 years post-primary series completion) of the first extension study were screened and enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected yearly and anti-TBEV antibody response was evaluated by neutralizing test (NT) antibody assays. Analysis was performed overall and per age strata: 15-49 years, ≥50 years, and ≥60 years. RESULTS Of 206 screened individuals, 191 completed the study. Overall, 90-100% of participants in the all-screened set and ≥97% in the per-protocol set had the clinically meaningful threshold of protection (NT titers ≥10) across all timepoints, regardless of the primary vaccination schedule. Overall, antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) varied from 134 to 343 in the all-screened set. Older age groups showed overall lower GMTs, although GMTs remained higher than NT titers ≥10 up to year 10 in all groups. CONCLUSION This study showed long-term persistence of anti-TBEV NT antibodies for up to 10 years after the first booster dose of TBEvac in all age groups, regardless of the primary vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Beran
- Vaccination and Travel Medicine Centre, Tylovo nábřeží 418/6, 500 02 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department for Tropical, Travel Medicine and Immunization, Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education in Prague, Ruská 2412/85, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Fang Xie
- GSK Vaccines, 14200 Shady Grove Rd, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Lara AN, Sartori AM, Fonseca MO, Lopes MH. Long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccination in people living with HIV. Vaccine 2017; 35:4155-4161. [PMID: 28669615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B vaccine is important in people living with HIV (PLHIV) since both viruses have the same transmission routes and co-infection has greater morbidity. PLHIV usually have poor response to hepatitis B vaccine. The duration of immunity in PLHIV is unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the duration of serological response and clinical protection provided by hepatitis B vaccination in PLHIV. METHODS Retrospective study of a PLHIV cohort primarily vaccinated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) from 2001 to 2002. Markers of infection and protection from HBV were investigated in those individuals who were still attending the outpatient clinic, in São Paulo, Brazil from 2012 to 2014. Three groups were analyzed. Group 1: adults who responded to primary vaccine series. Group 2: non-responders to primary vaccine series. Group 3: subjects from both Groups 1 and 2 who did not receive any booster doses after seroconversion. RESULTS A cohort of 121 PLHIV was analyzed for seroconversion and persistence of anti-HBs. The majority were female (54.5%) and mean age was 50.1years. After 11years, none of the patients had serologic evidence of HBV infection. Overall, 41/58 (70.7%) of the initial responders (Group 1) had maintained anti-HBs≥10mIU/mL. Greater CD4+ values and anti-HBs>100mIU/mL at the time of first vaccine series were associated with persistence of anti-HBs. During the time of evaluation, 35/63 (55.6%) of the initial non-responders (Group 2) successfully seroconverted (anti-HBs≥10mIU/mL) in response to one or more booster doses. From the time of their seroconversion, 70 of the patients did not receive any further booster doses (Group 3). After 10years, 54/70 (77.1%) of these individuals has maintained anti-HBs≥10mIU/mL. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of long-term immunity for hepatitis B in PLHIV following vaccination showed a strong persistence of anti-HBs and no serologic evidence of HBV infection. Boosters may be effective in PLHIV non-responders to primary vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nazareth Lara
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marli Sartori
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marise Oliveira Fonseca
- Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marta Heloísa Lopes
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Van Der Meeren O, Behre U, Crasta P. Immunity to hepatitis B persists in adolescents 15-16 years of age vaccinated in infancy with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:2745-9. [PMID: 27095043 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccination of infants against hepatitis B virus (HBV) using hepatitis B vaccine is effective in preventing the infection during early childhood and there is a growing evidence of long-term protection. So far, no need for a booster dose has been identified in healthy subjects; however further follow-up continues to determine the exact duration of protection. We evaluated antibody persistence and immune response to a hepatitis B vaccine challenge dose in children aged 15-16 years, previously vaccinated with 3-doses of the same vaccine in infancy (third dose received before 18 months of age). METHODS A single hepatitis B vaccine challenge dose containing 10μg hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen was administered to adolescents aged 15-16 years. Blood samples were taken before and one month after the challenge dose to measure anti-HBs antibodies using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Solicited local and general symptoms, as well as unsolicited and serious adverse events were recorded after the challenge dose. RESULTS 303 subjects were enrolled, of whom 302 and 293 subjects formed the total vaccinated and according-to-protocol cohorts, respectively. Pre-challenge, 65.4% (95% CI: 59.6-70.9) subjects were seroprotected (anti-HBs antibody concentration ≥10mIU/mL). One month post-challenge, 97.9% (95% CI: 95.6-99.2) were seroprotected, while 90.8% (95% CI: 86.8-93.8) had anti-HBs antibody concentrations ≥100mIU/mL. The post-challenge geometric mean concentration (GMC; 4134.9 [95% CI: 3114.2-5490.1]) was 150-fold higher than the pre-challenge GMC. Overall, 96.9% (95% CI: 94.2-98.6) subjects mounted an anamnestic response. The safety and reactogenicity profile of the hepatitis B vaccine challenge dose was consistent with previous experience. CONCLUSIONS Immunity to hepatitis B persists in 15-16 year old adolescents following primary vaccination in infancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials.govNCT01847430.
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Cuevas-Romero S, Hernández-Baumgarten E, Kennedy S, Hernández-Jáuregui P, Berg M, Moreno-López J. Long-term RNA persistence of porcine rubulavirus (PorPV-LPMV) after an outbreak of a natural infection: the detection of viral mRNA in sentinel pigs suggests viral transmission. Virus Res 2014; 188:155-61. [PMID: 24768705 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of porcine rubulavirus (PorPV-LPMV) in five pigs that had survived an outbreak of a natural infection was determined. After the resolution of the outbreak, each animal was housed in an isolation pen together with one sentinel pig. Approximately every 2 months thereafter one group of animals was euthanized and tissue samples taken for virological and serological analysis. Infectious virus was not isolated from any samples; antibodies to PorPV-LPMV were detected in convalescent pigs by virus neutralisation test and blocking ELISA but not in sentinel pigs. PorPV-LPMV mRNA of the nucleoprotein (NP) and phosphoprotein (P) genes was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in samples of trigeminal and optic nerves, cervical spinal cord, tonsils, salivary gland, lung and pancreas from convalescent pigs. mRNA was also detected in the midbrain, corpus callosum, or olfactory bulb in four out of five pigs by nRT-PCR, this result was confirmed by the sequencing of a 260bp PCR product of P gene region. The highest average viral copies/μg of total RNA occurred in the olfactory bulb and pancreas tissues of convalescent pigs and midbrain, tonsil and pancreas of sentinel pigs housed with the convalescent pigs. Satellitosis and gliosis of the midbrain, olfactory bulb, corpus callosum, medulla oblongata or choroid plexus were microscopically observed in four convalescent pigs. The control pig remained negative in all tests. The results indicate that PorPV-LPMV mRNA persists and induces a durable humoral immune response in pigs that have recovered from a natural infection. After a possible reactivation of the virus, it was transmitted to sentinel pigs in contact with the convalescent pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cuevas-Romero
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal, INIFAP, Mexico DF, Mexico.
| | - E Hernández-Baumgarten
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FES-C), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - S Kennedy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Berg
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Moreno-López
- Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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