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Carmona JU, Carmona-Ramírez LH, López C. Platelet-Rich Plasma and Related Orthobiologics for the Treatment of Equine Musculoskeletal Disorders-A Bibliometric Analysis from 2000 to 2024. Vet Sci 2024; 11:385. [PMID: 39195839 PMCID: PMC11359792 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There is increasing interest in the use of platelet-rich plasma and related orthobiologics for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders in horses; however, there is no information on the bibliometric impact of the literature published in this area. (2) Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the bibliometrix R package by analyzing the documents registered in the WOS and Scopus databases from 2000 to 2024. The included registers were evaluated according to the menu of results from the biblioshiny web app (overview, sources, authors, documents, words, trending topics, clustering, conceptual structure, and social structure). (3) Conclusions: The documents produced were mainly published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, BMC Veterinary Research, and the American Journal of Veterinary Research). The most productive institutions were Universidad de Caldas, Colorado State University, University of California-Davis, and University of Leipzig, and the most productive countries were the USA, Brazil, and Colombia. Horse, platelet-rich plasma, equine, osteoarthritis, and autologous conditioned serum were the most frequently used keywords. The trending topics in this area are platelet lysates and orthobiologics. The collaboration network of authors, institutions, and countries shows an isolated development of individual author networks with modest collaboration between institutions and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge U. Carmona
- Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia
| | - Luis H. Carmona-Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación EFE, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales 170004, Colombia;
| | - Catalina López
- Grupo de Investigación Patología Clínica Veterinaria, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia;
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Mattei DN, Harman RM, Van de Walle GR, Smith R, Grivel JC, Abdelalim EM, Vinardell T. Effect of pregnancy on isolation efficiency and in vitro proliferation of equine peripheral-blood derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Theriogenology 2024; 224:107-118. [PMID: 38761667 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have regenerative and immunomodulatory potential and may be used to treat injured tissues. Pregnancy has been associated with increased MSCs in the peripheral circulation in multiple species, but to date, there are no reports on this matter in horses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on isolation efficiency and proliferation capacity of equine MSCs derived from the peripheral blood (PB) of mares. Venous blood samples were collected at the 11th month of gestation and 1 month after delivery from clinically healthy Arabian mares that presented normal pregnancies. Blood samples were processed for in vitro cellular culture and hormonal and metabolic profiles. MSCs were isolated and characterized by trilineage differentiation potential, immunophenotyping, analyzed by gene sequencing and proliferation assays. The isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pregnant mares were associated with higher isolation efficiency and proliferative capacity of MSCs derived from peripheral blood (PB-MSCs) recovered pre-partum than those isolated post-partum. Although fetal gender, parity, 5α-reduced pregnanes, insulin, and cortisol were shown to affect cellular proliferation, individual factors and the small population studied must be considered. This study suggests that PB-MSCs from pregnant mares could be a valuable alternative source of MSCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora N Mattei
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Member of Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rebecca M Harman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 235 Hungerford Hill Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Roger Smith
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Charles Grivel
- Deep Phenotyping Core, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Al Garrafa St, Ar-Rayyan, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Member of Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Division, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Member of Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tatiana Vinardell
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Member of Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
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Dec P, Żyłka M, Burszewski P, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. Recent Advances in the Use of Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering and Adjunct Therapies for Tendon Reconstruction and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4498. [PMID: 38674084 PMCID: PMC11050411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their function, tendons are exposed to acute injuries. This type of damage to the musculoskeletal system represents a challenge for clinicians when natural regeneration and treatment methods do not produce the expected results. Currently, treatment is long and associated with long-term complications. In this review, we discuss the use of stem cells in the treatment of tendons, including how to induce appropriate cell differentiation based on gene therapy, growth factors, tissue engineering, proteins involved in regenerative process, drugs and three-dimensional (3D) structures. A multidirectional approach as well as the incorporation of novel components of the therapy will improve the techniques used and benefit patients with tendon injuries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Dec
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland; (P.D.); (M.Ż.); (P.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Żyłka
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland; (P.D.); (M.Ż.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Burszewski
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland; (P.D.); (M.Ż.); (P.B.)
| | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Pérez Fraile A, González-Cubero E, Martínez-Flórez S, Olivera ER, Villar-Suárez V. Regenerative Medicine Applied to Musculoskeletal Diseases in Equines: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:666. [PMID: 38133217 PMCID: PMC10748126 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries in horses have a great economic impact, predominantly affecting tendons, ligaments, and cartilage, which have limited natural regeneration. Cell therapy, which uses mesenchymal stem cells due to their tissue differentiation properties and anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects, aims to restore damaged tissue. In this manuscript, we performed a systematic review using the Parsifal tool, searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles on regenerative medicine for equine musculoskeletal injuries. Our review covers 17 experimental clinical studies categorized by the therapeutic approach used: platelet-rich plasma, conditioned autologous serum, mesenchymal stem cells, and secretome. These therapies reduce healing time, promote regeneration of fibrocartilaginous tissue, improve cellular organization, and improve joint functionality and sustainability. In conclusion, regenerative therapies using platelet-rich plasma, conditioned autologous serum, equine mesenchymal stem cells, and the emerging field of the secretome represent a promising and highly effective approach for the treatment of joint pathologies in horses, implying a valuable advance in equine healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pérez Fraile
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Elsa González-Cubero
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Susana Martínez-Flórez
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Elías R. Olivera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Vega Villar-Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
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Li H, Xiong S, Masieri FF, Monika S, Lethaus B, Savkovic V. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Equine Hair Follicles Using a Method of Air-Liquid Interface. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2943-2956. [PMID: 37733199 PMCID: PMC10661790 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of various origins have been identified in horses, including MSCs from the bone marrow and adipose tissue. However, these stem cell sources are highly invasive in sampling, which thereby limits their clinical application in equine veterinary medicine. This study presents a novel method using an air-liquid interface to isolate stem cells from the hair follicle outer root sheath of the equine forehead skin. These stem cells cultured herewith showed high proliferation and asumed MSC phenotype by expressing MSC positive biomarkers (CD29, CD44 CD90) while not expressing negative markers (CD14, CD34 and CD45). They were capable of differentiating towards chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, which was comparable with MSCs from adipose tissue. Due to their proliferative phenotype in vitro, MSC-like profile and differentiation capacities, we named them equine mesenchymal stem cells from the hair follicle outer root sheath (eMSCORS). eMSCORS present a promising alternative stem cell source for the equine veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanluo Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shiwen Xiong
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei Province, China
| | | | - Seltenhammer Monika
- Institute of Livestock Sciences (NUWI), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33/II, A-1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Petrova V, Vachkova E. Outlook of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Challenges to Their Clinical Application in Horses. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050348. [PMID: 37235430 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is recognized as the major endocrine organ, potentially acting as a source of mesenchymal stem cells for various applications in regenerative medicine. Athletic horses are often exposed to traumatic injuries, resulting in severe financial losses. The development of adipose-derived stem cells' regenerative potential depends on many factors. The extraction of stem cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue is non-invasive, non-traumatic, cheaper, and safer than other sources. Since there is a lack of unique standards for identification, the isolated cells and applied differentiation protocols are often not species-specific; therefore, the cells cannot reveal their multipotent properties, so their stemness features remain questionable. The current review discusses some aspects of the specificity of equine adipose stem cells concerning their features, immunophenotyping, secretome profile, differentiation abilities, culturing conditions, and consequent possibilities for clinical application in concrete disorders. The presented new approaches elucidate the possibility of the transition from cell-based to cell-free therapy with regenerative purposes in horses as an alternative treatment to cellular therapy. In conclusion, their clinical benefits should not be underestimated due to the higher yield and the physiological properties of adipose-derived stem cells that facilitate the healing and tissue regeneration process and the ability to amplify the effects of traditional treatments. More profound studies are necessary to apply these innovative approaches when treating traumatic disorders in racing horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Vachkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Stem Cell Applications and Tenogenic Differentiation Strategies for Tendon Repair. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:3656498. [PMID: 36970597 PMCID: PMC10033217 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3656498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are associated with a high injury risk because of their overuse and age-related tissue degeneration. Thus, tendon injuries pose great clinical and economic challenges to the society. Unfortunately, the natural healing capacity of tendons is far from perfect, and they respond poorly to conventional treatments when injured. Consequently, tendons require a long period of healing and recovery, and the initial strength and function of a repaired tendon cannot be completely restored as it is prone to a high rate of rerupture. Nowadays, the application of various stem cell sources, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), for tendon repair has shown great potential, because these cells can differentiate into a tendon lineage and promote functional tendon repair. However, the mechanism underlying tenogenic differentiation remains unclear. Moreover, no widely adopted protocol has been established for effective and reproducible tenogenic differentiation because of the lack of definitive biomarkers for identifying the tendon differentiation cascades. This work is aimed at reviewing the literature over the past decade and providing an overview of background information on the clinical relevance of tendons and the urgent need to improve tendon repair; the advantages and disadvantages of different stem cell types used for boosting tendon repair; and the unique advantages of reported strategies for tenogenic differentiation, including growth factors, gene modification, biomaterials, and mechanical stimulation.
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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, Helal MAY, Tanaka R. The Pivotal Role of Stem Cells in Veterinary Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Vet Sci 2022; 9:648. [PMID: 36423096 PMCID: PMC9698002 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of new regenerative therapeutic modalities in the veterinary practice has recently picked up a lot of interest. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high capacity to self-renew and develop into tissue cells with specific roles. Hence, they are an effective therapeutic option to ameliorate the ability of the body to repair and engineer damaged tissues. Currently, based on their facile isolation and culture procedures and the absence of ethical concerns with their use, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising stem cell type for therapeutic applications. They are becoming more and more well-known in veterinary medicine because of their exceptional immunomodulatory capabilities. However, their implementation on the clinical scale is still challenging. These limitations to their use in diverse affections in different animals drive the advancement of these therapies. In the present article, we discuss the ability of MSCs as a potent therapeutic modality for the engineering of different animals' tissues including the heart, skin, digestive system (mouth, teeth, gastrointestinal tract, and liver), musculoskeletal system (tendons, ligaments, joints, muscles, and nerves), kidneys, respiratory system, and eyes based on the existing knowledge. Moreover, we highlighted the promises of the implementation of MSCs in clinical use in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Y. Helal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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Duddy HR, Schoonover MJ, Hague BA. Outcome following local injection of a liquid amnion allograft for treatment of equine tendonitis or desmitis – 100 cases. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:391. [PMID: 36345002 PMCID: PMC9639279 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tendon and ligament injuries are significant causes of loss of use and early retirement in performance horses. Amniotic fluid and tissue are excellent sources of growth factors and cytokines important in tendon and ligament healing. Thus, an equine-origin liquid amnion allograft (ELAA) may be beneficial in the treatment of equine tendonitis and desmitis. Objectives of this study were to report the outcome achieved (i.e. ability to return to work) for horses diagnosed with tendonitis or desmitis lesions treated with local injection of ELAA and to compare these outcomes to those reported for other regenerative medicine modalities. Methods A prospective, multi-center, non-blinded clinical trial was conducted. Equine veterinarians at 14 sites were selected to participate in the data collection for the trial. Criterion for inclusion was a horse presenting with lameness which was attributed to tendonitis or desmitis by diagnostic anesthesia and/or imaging. These horses were subsequently treated by local injection of the lesion with ELAA by the attending veterinarian. Standardized questionnaires describing each horse’s signalment, discipline, ability to return to work, and any adverse events were completed and submitted by the attending veterinarian following a minimum of six months of follow-up. The current literature was reviewed to identify clinical studies reporting outcomes of equine tendonitis/desmitis lesions treated with other regenerative therapies. Contingency table analyses were performed comparing outcomes. Results Questionnaires for 100 horses with 128 tendonitis and desmitis lesions met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 72 horses with 94 lesions returned to or exceeded their original level of work, 10 horses with 13 lesions returned to work but could not perform to previous standards, and 18 horses with 20 lesions did not return to work as a result of the injury. No differences were observed when outcome of horses treated with ELAA were compared to those of similar studies using other regenerative therapies. Conclusions Treatment of tendonitis and desmitis lesions by local injection of ELAA resulted in similar outcomes for horses returning to previous level of performance as other regenerative modalities such as mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and autologous conditioned serum; however, blinded placebo-controlled studies are indicated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03480-5.
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Mirghaderi SP, Valizadeh Z, Shadman K, Lafosse T, Oryadi-Zanjani L, Yekaninejad MS, Nabian MH. Cell therapy efficacy and safety in treating tendon disorders: a systemic review of clinical studies. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:85. [PMID: 36042110 PMCID: PMC9428081 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite substantial animal evidence, cell therapy in humans remains in its infancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential therapeutic effects and safety of cell therapy in the treatment of tendon disorders. Methods According to the PRISMA guideline, a systematic review was performed on clinical studies concerning cell therapy in tendon disorders. A comprehensive search including the 5 databases of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until December 2021 was carried out and associated with hand searching. The quality of the eligible studies was assessed using the tools suggested by Cochrane recommendations. Qualitative synthesis was performed in 2 tables and discussed separately for rotator cuff, elbow, patella, Achilles, and gluteal tendons. Results Through 6017 records, 22 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, including 658 patients. All the studies administered autologous cells, except one that used allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Allogenic AD-MSC). Almost all studies demonstrated the safety of cell injection in their follow-up period with no serious side effects or immunologic reactions, with only a few related minor adverse events in some cases. The included studies showed the effectiveness of cell injection in tendinopathies of different sites, rotator cuff, elbow, patella, Achilles, and gluteal tendons. Among the rotator cuff studies, 4 comparative studies claimed that cell therapy is a more efficient treatment with a lower retear rate and pain level compared to the control group. However, one study found no differences between the groups. No controlled study has been performed on elbow tendinopathies, but 5 case series demonstrated the effectiveness of cell injection in elbow tendon disorders. For Achilles tendinopathies, only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) found that both cell therapy and control groups showed significant pain reduction and functional improvement with no statistical differences at the 6 months follow-up, but the cell therapy group had improved faster at earlier follow-ups. Patellar tendinopathy was studied in 2 RCTs, one did not show a significant difference and the other showed superior improvement compared to controls. Conclusion Cell therapy showed promising results and the available evidence suggests that it is safe at several sites of tendon disease. Based on available evidence, cell therapy should be suggested in specific conditions at each site. To approve cell therapy for tendon diseases, randomized clinical trials are required with a large sample size and long-term follow-ups. Level of evidence IV Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40634-022-00520-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Peyman Mirghaderi
- Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Valizadeh
- Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Shadman
- Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thibault Lafosse
- Alps Surgery Institute: Hand, Upper Limb, Brachial Plexus, and Microsurgery Unit (PBMA), Clinique Générale d'Annecy, Annecy, France
| | - Leila Oryadi-Zanjani
- Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital and School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nabian
- Center of Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research (COTAR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Shariati Hospital and School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Taylor SD, Serpa PBS, Santos AP, Hart KA, Vaughn SA, Moore GE, Mukhopadhyay A, Page AE. Effects of intravenous administration of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells after infusion of lipopolysaccharide in horses. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1491-1501. [PMID: 35698909 PMCID: PMC9308407 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systemic and dysregulated immune response to infection contributes to morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PB-MSC) mitigate inflammation in animal models of sepsis. Allogeneic PB-MSC administered IV to horses is well-tolerated but therapeutic benefits are unknown. HYPOTHESIS After IV lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion, horses treated with PB-MSC would have less severe clinical signs, clinicopathological abnormalities, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress compared to controls administered a placebo. ANIMALS Sixteen horses were included in this study. METHODS A randomized placebo-controlled experimental trial was performed. Sixteen healthy horses were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (1 × 109 PB-MSC or saline placebo). Treatments were administered 30 minutes after completion of LPS infusion of approximately 30 ng/kg. Clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress markers were assessed at various time points over a 24-hour period. RESULTS A predictable response to IV LPS infusion was observed in all horses. At the dose administered, there was no significant effect of PB-MSC on clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, or inflammatory cytokine gene expression at any time point. Antioxidant potential was not different between treatment groups, but intracellular ROS increased over time in the placebo group. Other variables that changed over time were likely due to effects of IV LPS infusion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Administration of allogeneic PB-MSC did not cause clinically detectable adverse effects in healthy horses. The dose of PB-MSC used here is unlikely to exert a beneficial effect in endotoxemic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Priscila B S Serpa
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea P Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah A Vaughn
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - George E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Allen E Page
- Gluck Equine Research Center, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Platelet Lysate for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Culture in the Canine and Equine Species: Analogous but Not the Same. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020189. [PMID: 35049811 PMCID: PMC8773277 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regenerative medicine using platelet-based blood products or adult stem cells offers the prospect of better clinical outcomes with many diseases. In veterinary medicine, most progress has been made with the development and therapeutic use of these regenerative therapeutics in horses, but the clinical need is given in dogs as well. Our aim was to transfer previous advances in the development of horse regenerative therapeutics, specifically the use of platelet lysate for feeding stem cell cultures, to the dog. Here, we describe the scalable production of canine platelet lysate, which could be used in regenerative biological therapies. We also evaluated the canine platelet lysate for its suitability in feeding canine stem cell cultures in comparison to equine platelet lysate used for equine stem cell cultures. Platelet lysate production from canine blood was successful, but the platelet lysate did not support stem cell culture in dogs in the same beneficial way observed with the equine platelet lysate and stem cells. In conclusion, canine platelet lysate can be produced in large scales as described here, but further research is needed to improve the cultivation of canine stem cells. Abstract Platelet lysate (PL) is an attractive platelet-based therapeutic tool and has shown promise as xeno-free replacement for fetal bovine serum (FBS) in human and equine mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) culture. Here, we established a scalable buffy-coat-based protocol for canine PL (cPL) production (n = 12). The cPL was tested in canine adipose MSC (n = 5) culture compared to FBS. For further comparison, equine adipose MSC (n = 5) were cultured with analogous equine PL (ePL) or FBS. During canine blood processing, platelet and transforming growth factor-β1 concentrations increased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), while white blood cell concentrations decreased (p < 0.05). However, while equine MSC showed good results when cultured with 10% ePL, canine MSC cultured with 2.5% or 10% cPL changed their morphology and showed decreased metabolic activity (p < 0.05). Apoptosis and necrosis in canine MSC were increased with 2.5% cPL (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, passage 5 canine MSC showed less genetic aberrations after culture with 10% cPL than with FBS. Our data reveal that using analogous canine and equine biologicals does not entail the same results. The buffy-coat-based cPL was not adequate for canine MSC culture, but may still be useful for therapeutic applications.
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Tomlinson F, Terschuur J, Henson F. Use of autologous products for the treatment of joint and soft tissue disease in horses: A systematic review. Vet Rec 2021; 188:e9. [PMID: 34651853 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue injuries and joint disease are the predominate causes of lameness in the equine athlete and these pathologies carry a guarded prognosis for a return to previous performance. Recently the use of autologous products has become more widespread as a treatment in equine sports medicine. However, the efficacy of these products is yet to be fully established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current published evidence base regarding the efficacy of autologous products in soft tissue injuries and joint disease. METHODS A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases from 1980 to 2017. The search strategy identified 1594 papers for review. RESULTS Fifty-eight papers were included in this review, 28 of which were randomised controlled trials. Significant benefit was reported under several parameters, most notably in the use of autologous chondrocytes in artificially induced cartilage defects on histology. One paper documented a significant clinical response under lameness examination. CONCLUSION The current literature shows that the treatment of soft tissue injury and cartilage disease with autologous products is safe and that the use of some products can give significant benefit on some outcome measures. True clinical significance is yet to be demonstrated with any product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine Terschuur
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frances Henson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Johnson SA, Biscoe EW, Eilertson KE, Lutter JD, Schneider RK, Roberts GD, Cary JA, Frisbie DD. Tissue predictability of elastography is low in collagenase induced deep digital flexor tendinopathy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 63:111-123. [PMID: 34585463 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastography is an emerging imaging modality for characterizing tendon injury in horses, but its ability to differentiate tissue deformability relative to treatment group and biochemical properties using a prospective, experimental study design remain unknown. Objectives of the current study were to (a) to investigate differences in glycosaminoglycan, DNA, and soluble collagen levels in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treated limbs compared to untreated control limbs utilizing a collagenase model of tendinopathy; (b) compare elastographic features between treatment groups; and (c) determine tissue-level predictive capabilities of elastography in relation to biochemical outcomes. Bone marrow was collected for MSC culture and expansion. Tendinopathy of both forelimb deep digital flexor tendons (DDFTs) was induced with collagenase under ultrasonographic guidance. One randomly assigned limb was treated with intra-lesional MSC injection with the opposite limb serving as an untreated control. Horses were placed into a controlled exercise program with elastographic evaluations performed baseline (0) and 14, 60, 90, and 214 days post-treatment. Postmortem biochemical analysis was performed. MSC-treated limbs demonstrated significantly less (42%) glycosaminoglycan (P = .006). Significant differences in elastographic region of interest (ROI) percent hardness, ROI color histogram, and subjective lesion stiffness were appreciated between treatment groups at various study time points. Elastographic outcome parameters were weak predictors of biochemical tissue analysis, with all R2 values ≤ 0.50. Within this range of differences in glycosaminoglycan content between treatment groups, elastography outcomes did not predict biochemical differences. Tissue-specific differences between DDFTs treated with MSCs compared to controls were apparent biochemically, but not predicted by elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Kirsten E Eilertson
- Graybill Statistics & Data Science Laboratory, Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John D Lutter
- Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Gregory D Roberts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Julie A Cary
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - David D Frisbie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Harman RM, Marx C, Van de Walle GR. Translational Animal Models Provide Insight Into Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Secretome Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654885. [PMID: 33869217 PMCID: PMC8044970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) secretome, consisting of all molecules secreted by MSCs, is intensively studied. MSCs can be readily isolated, expanded, and manipulated in culture, and few people argue with the ethics of their collection. Despite promising pre-clinical studies, most MSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine, in part because the complexity of bioactive factors secreted by MSCs is not completely understood. In addition, the MSC secretome is variable, influenced by individual donor, tissue source of origin, culture conditions, and passage. An increased understanding of the factors that make up the secretome and the ability to manipulate MSCs to consistently secrete factors of biologic importance will improve MSC therapy. To aid in this goal, we can draw from the wealth of information available on secreted factors from MSC isolated from veterinary species. These translational animal models will inspire efforts to move human MSC secretome therapy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Hagen A, Lehmann H, Aurich S, Bauer N, Melzer M, Moellerberndt J, Patané V, Schnabel CL, Burk J. Scalable Production of Equine Platelet Lysate for Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:613621. [PMID: 33553119 PMCID: PMC7859354 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.613621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies is advancing in human and veterinary medicine. One critical issue is the in vitro culture of MSC before clinical use. Using fetal bovine serum (FBS) as supplement to the basal medium is still the gold standard for cultivation of many cell types including equine MSC. Alternatives are being explored, with substantial success using platelet lysate-supplemented media for human MSC. However, progress lags behind in the veterinary field. The aim of this study was to establish a scalable protocol for equine platelet lysate (ePL) production and to test the ePL in equine MSC culture. Whole blood was harvested into blood collection bags from 20 healthy horses. After checking sample materials for pathogen contamination, samples from 19 animals were included. Platelet concentrates were prepared using a buffy coat method. Platelets, platelet-derived growth factor BB, and transforming growth factor β1 concentrations were increased in the concentrates compared with whole blood or serum (p < 0.05), while white blood cells were reduced (p < 0.05). The concentrates were lysed using freeze/thaw cycles, which eliminated the cells while growth factor concentrations were maintained. Donor age negatively correlated with platelet and growth factor concentrations after processing (p < 0.05). Finally, all lysates were pooled and the ePL was evaluated as culture medium supplement in comparison with FBS, using adipose-derived MSC from four unrelated donor horses. MSC proliferated well in 10% FBS as well as in 10% ePL. However, using 5 or 2.5% ePL entailed highly inconsistent proliferation or loss of proliferation, with significant differences in generation times and confluencies (p < 0.05). MSC expressed the surface antigens CD90, CD44, and CD29, but CD73 and CD105 detection was low in all culture media. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation led to similar results in MSC from different culture media. The buffy coat method is useful to produce equine platelet concentrate with increased platelet and reduced white blood cell content in large scales. The ePL obtained supports MSC expansion similar as FBS when used at the same concentration (10%). Further investigations into equine MSC functionality in culture with ePL should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hagen
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - H Lehmann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Aurich
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - N Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Melzer
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Moellerberndt
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - V Patané
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C L Schnabel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Burk
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Ribitsch I, Baptista PM, Lange-Consiglio A, Melotti L, Patruno M, Jenner F, Schnabl-Feichter E, Dutton LC, Connolly DJ, van Steenbeek FG, Dudhia J, Penning LC. Large Animal Models in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: To Do or Not to Do. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:972. [PMID: 32903631 PMCID: PMC7438731 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid developments in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering has witnessed an increasing drive toward clinical translation of breakthrough technologies. However, the progression of promising preclinical data to achieve successful clinical market authorisation remains a bottleneck. One hurdle for progress to the clinic is the transition from small animal research to advanced preclinical studies in large animals to test safety and efficacy of products. Notwithstanding this, to draw meaningful and reliable conclusions from animal experiments it is critical that the species and disease model of choice is relevant to answer the research question as well as the clinical problem. Selecting the most appropriate animal model requires in-depth knowledge of specific species and breeds to ascertain the adequacy of the model and outcome measures that closely mirror the clinical situation. Traditional reductionist approaches in animal experiments, which often do not sufficiently reflect the studied disease, are still the norm and can result in a disconnect in outcomes observed between animal studies and clinical trials. To address these concerns a reconsideration in approach will be required. This should include a stepwise approach using in vitro and ex vivo experiments as well as in silico modeling to minimize the need for in vivo studies for screening and early development studies, followed by large animal models which more closely resemble human disease. Naturally occurring, or spontaneous diseases in large animals remain a largely untapped resource, and given the similarities in pathophysiology to humans they not only allow for studying new treatment strategies but also disease etiology and prevention. Naturally occurring disease models, particularly for longer lived large animal species, allow for studying disorders at an age when the disease is most prevalent. As these diseases are usually also a concern in the chosen veterinary species they would be beneficiaries of newly developed therapies. Improved awareness of the progress in animal models is mutually beneficial for animals, researchers, human and veterinary patients. In this overview we describe advantages and disadvantages of various animal models including domesticated and companion animals used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to provide an informed choice of disease-relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- Veterm, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro M. Baptista
- Laboratory of Organ Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Anna Lange-Consiglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Melotti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Florien Jenner
- Veterm, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schnabl-Feichter
- Clinical Unit of Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luke C. Dutton
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Connolly
- Clinical Unit of Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank G. van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Louis C. Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Walter SG, Randau TM, Hilgers C, Haddouti EM, Masson W, Gravius S, Burger C, Wirtz DC, Schildberg FA. Molecular and Functional Phenotypes of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Depend on Harvesting Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124382. [PMID: 32575596 PMCID: PMC7352273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) harvested in different tissues from the same donor exhibit different phenotypes. Each phenotype is not only characterized by a certain pattern of cell surface markers, but also different cellular functionalities. Only recently were different harvesting and processing techniques found to contribute to this phenomenon as well. This study was therefore set up to investigate proteomic and functional properties of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSC). These were taken from the same tissue and donor site but harvested either as aspirate or bone chip cultures. Both MSC populations were profiled for MSC markers defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT), MSC markers currently under discussion and markers of particular interest. While classic ISCT MSC markers did not show any significant difference between aspirate and outgrowth hBM-MSCs, our additional characterization panel revealed distinct patterns of differentially expressed markers. Furthermore, hBM-MSCs from aspirate cultures demonstrated a significantly higher osteogenic differentiation potential than outgrowth MSCs, which could be confirmed using a transcriptional approach. Our comparison of MSC phenotypes obtained by different harvesting techniques suggests the need of future standardized harvesting, processing and phenotyping procedures in order to gain better comparability in the MSC field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G. Walter
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Randau
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Cäcilia Hilgers
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - El-Mustapha Haddouti
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Werner Masson
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Sascha Gravius
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim of University Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christof Burger
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Dieter C. Wirtz
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Voga M, Adamic N, Vengust M, Majdic G. Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Current State and Treatment Options. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:278. [PMID: 32656249 PMCID: PMC7326035 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a branch of medicine that develops methods to grow, repair, or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues. It has gained significant momentum in recent years. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capability to self—renew and differentiate into tissue cells with specialized functions. Stem cell therapies are therefore used to overcome the body's inability to regenerate damaged tissues and metabolic processes after acute or chronic insult. The concept of stem cell therapy was first introduced in 1991 by Caplan, who proposed that massive differentiation of cells into the desired tissue could be achieved by isolation, cultivation, and expansion of stem cells in in vitro conditions. Among different stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) currently seem to be the most suitable for therapeutic purposes, based on their simple isolation and culturing techniques, and lack of ethical issues regarding their usage. Because of their remarkable immunomodulatory abilities, MSCs are increasingly gaining recognition in veterinary medicine. Developments are primarily driven by the limitations of current treatment options for various medical problems in different animal species. MSCs represent a possible therapeutic option for many animal diseases, such as orthopedic, orodental and digestive tract diseases, liver, renal, cardiac, respiratory, neuromuscular, dermal, olfactory, and reproductive system diseases. Although we are progressively gaining an understanding of MSC behavior and their mechanisms of action, some of the issues considering their use for therapy are yet to be resolved. The aim of this review is first to summarize the current knowledge and stress out major issues in stem cell based therapies in veterinary medicine and, secondly, to present results of clinical usage of stem cells in veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Voga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neza Adamic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Modest Vengust
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:93-116. [PMID: 29562773 PMCID: PMC6434480 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is moving toward clinical practice in veterinary science. In this context, placenta-derived stem cells isolated from domestic animals have covered a dual role, acting both as therapies for patients and as a valuable cell source for translational models. The biological properties of placenta-derived cells, comparable among mammals, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches. In particular, stemness features, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory activity, multilineage plasticity, and their successful capacity for long-term engraftment in different host tissues after autotransplantation, allo-transplantation, or xenotransplantation have been demonstrated. Their beneficial regenerative effects in domestic animals have been proven using preclinical studies as well as clinical trials starting to define the mechanisms involved. This is, in particular, for amniotic-derived cells that have been thoroughly studied to date. The regenerative role arises from a mutual tissue-specific cell differentiation and from the paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules that ultimately drive crucial repair processes in host tissues (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors). The knowledge acquired so far on the mechanisms of placenta-derived stem cells in animal models represent the proof of concept of their successful use in some therapeutic treatments such as for musculoskeletal disorders. In the next future, legislation in veterinary regenerative medicine will be a key element in order to certify those placenta-derived cell-based protocols that have already demonstrated their safety and efficacy using rigorous approaches and to improve the degree of standardization of cell-based treatments among veterinary clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barboni
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Russo
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - P Berardinelli
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Mauro
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Valbonetti
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - H Sanyal
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Canciello
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Greco
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Muttini
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- 2 Medical Genetics, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Mattioli
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
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21
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Bonilla-Gutiérrez AF, López C, Carmona JU. Regenerative Therapies for the Treatment of Tenodesmic Injuries in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Gugjoo MB, Amarpal, Makhdoomi DM, Sharma GT. Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Properties, Sources, Characterization, and Potential Therapeutic Applications. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 72:16-27. [PMID: 30929778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Properties like sustained multiplication and self-renewal, and homing and multilineage differentiation to undertake repair of the damaged tissues make stem cells the lifeline for any living system. Therefore, stem cell therapy is regarded to carry immense therapeutic potential. Though the dearth of understanding about the basic biological properties and pathways involved in therapeutic benefits currently limit the application of stem cells in humans as well as animals, there are innumerable reports that suggest clinical benefits of stem cell therapy in equine. Among various stem cell sources, currently adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred for therapeutic application in horse owing to their easy availability, capacity to modulate inflammation, and promote healing. Also the cells carry very limited teratogenic risk compared to the pluripotent stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were earlier considered mainly for musculoskeletal tissues, but now may also be utilized in other diverse clinical problems in horse, and the results may be extrapolated even for human medicine. The current review highlights biological properties, sources, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications of stem cells in equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
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Rayner EL, Airikkala-Otter I, Susheelan A, Mellanby RJ, Meunier NV, Gibson A, Gamble L. Prevalence of mutilations and other skin wounds in working donkeys in Tamil Nadu, India. Vet Rec 2018; 183:450. [PMID: 30121636 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Wounds in working donkeys are a common and preventable welfare problem in many countries. Mutilations, iatrogenic injuries carried out by owners, are a particularly distressing welfare issue. However, little is known about their nature and prevalence. The project aim was to assess the general health and establish the prevalence, nature and severity of mutilations and other skin wounds in donkeys from several communities in Tamil Nadu, India, that were part of a donkey welfare initiative run by the Worldwide Veterinary Service charity. Five hundred and eighty-two donkeys were examined from five locations and data collected using a predesigned, smartphone app between October 2016 and July 2017. The study revealed that 298 wounds were present in a total of 227 donkeys (39.0 per cent of the population). Mutilations, comprising nose-splitting, ear-splitting and branding, were the most common type of skin wound, comprising 62.8 per cent of all wounds. Poorly fitting harnesses and hobbles were also a common cause of injury. These data can be used to design future-targeted and focused, educational interventions to reduce mutilation practices which are a common and important welfare issue. Further outreach initiatives are urgently needed to improve welfare of donkeys in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Rayner
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK.,Worldwide Veterinary Service (WVS), Cranborne, UK
| | - Ilona Airikkala-Otter
- Worldwide Veterinary Service, India International Training Centre, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aswin Susheelan
- Worldwide Veterinary Service, India International Training Centre, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Natascha V Meunier
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Luke Gamble
- Worldwide Veterinary Service (WVS), Cranborne, UK
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Current Status of Canine Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8329174. [PMID: 30123294 PMCID: PMC6079340 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8329174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has prompted the expansion of veterinary medicine both experimentally and clinically, with the potential to contribute to contemporary treatment strategies for various diseases and conditions for which limited or no therapeutic options are presently available. Although the application of various types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), has promising potential to improve the health of different species, it is crucial that the benefits and drawbacks are completely evaluated before use. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of stem cells; nonetheless, isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from UCB presents technical challenges. Although MSCs have been isolated from UCB of diverse species such as human, equine, sheep, goat, and canine, there are inherent limitations of using UCB from these species for the expansion of MSCs. In this review, we investigated canine UCB (cUCB) and compared it with UCB from other species by reviewing recent articles published from February 2003 to June 2017 to gain an understanding of the limitations of cUCB in the acquisition of MSCs and to determine other suitable sources for the isolation of MSCs from canine. Our review indicates that cUCB is not an ideal source of MSCs because of insufficient volume and ethical issues. However, canine reproductive organs discarded during neutering may help broaden our understanding of effective isolation of MSCs. We recommend exploring canine reproductive and adipose tissue rather than UCB to fulfill the current need in veterinary medicine for the well-designed and ethically approved source of MSCs.
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The Contribution of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma to the Treatment of Chronic Equine Laminitis: A Proof of Concept. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102122. [PMID: 29019941 PMCID: PMC5666804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminitis, a highly debilitating disease of the foot in ungulates, is characterized by pathological changes of the complex lamellar structures that maintain the appendicular skeleton within the hoof. Laminitis is a multifactorial disease that involves perturbation of the vascular, hematological, and inflammatory homeostasis of the foot. Interestingly, the pathogenesis of the disease resembles what is observed in metabolic syndromes and sepsis-induced organ failure in humans and animals. We hypothesized that local administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) might contribute to establishing an anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic environment, and could stimulate the injured tissue in order to restore its functional integrity. According to this assumption, an experimental protocol based on the local intravenous administration of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (aMSCs) in combination with PRP was developed for the treatment of horses affected by chronic laminitis. Nine horses with severely compromised venograms (showing grade III and IV laminitis) that had been unsuccessfully treated with conventional therapies were enrolled. aMSCs and PRP (15 × 10⁶ cells resuspended in 15 mL of PRP) were injected into the lateral or medial digital vein three times, at one-month intervals. The first administration was performed with allogeneic aMSCs, while for the following administrations, autologous aMSCs were used. There was no adverse short-term reaction to the intravenous injection of aMSCs. In the long term, venograms outlined, in all subjects, a progressive amelioration of the vascularization of the foot. An improvement in the structure and function of the hoof was also observed. No adverse events were reported during the follow-up, and the horses returned to a comfortable quality of life. Although the number of animals enrolled in the study is limited, both clinical observations and venography demonstrated an enhancement in the condition of all horses, suggesting that the regenerative therapies in chronic laminitis could be useful, and are worthy of further investigation.
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26
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Imam MA, Holton J, Horriat S, Negida AS, Grubhofer F, Gupta R, Narvani A, Snow M. A systematic review of the concept and clinical applications of bone marrow aspirate concentrate in tendon pathology. SICOT J 2017; 3:58. [PMID: 28990575 PMCID: PMC5632955 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2017039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon pathologies are a group of musculoskeletal conditions frequently seen in clinical practice. They can be broadly classified into traumatic, degenerative and overuse-related tendinopathies. Rotator cuff tears, Achilles tendinopathy and tennis elbow are common examples of these conditions. Conventional treatments have shown inconsistent outcomes and might fail to provide satisfactory clinical improvement. With the growing trend towards the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in other branches of medicine, there is an increasing interest in treating tendon pathologies using the bone marrow MSC. In this article, we provide a systematic literature review documenting the current status of the use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) for the treatment of tendon pathologies. We also asked the question on the safety of BMAC and whether there are potential complications associated with BMAC therapy. Our hypothesis is that the use of BMAC provides safe clinical benefit when used for the treatment of tendinopathy or as a biological augmentation of tendon repair. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist while preparing this systematic review. A literature search was carried out including the online databases of PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrial.gov and the Cochrane Library from 1960 to the end of May 2015. Relevant studies were selected and critically appraised. Data from eligible studies were extracted and classified per type of tendon pathology. We included 37 articles discussing the application and use of BMAC for the treatment of tendon pathologies. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) appraisal confirmed a satisfactory standard of 37 studies. Studies were sub-categorised into: techniques of extraction, processing and microscopic examination of BMAC (n = 18), where five studies looked at the evaluation of aspiration techniques (n = 5), augmentation of rotator cuff tears (n = 5), augmentation of tendo-achilles tendon (n = 1), treatment of gluteal tendon injuries (n = 1), management of elbow epicondylitis (n = 2), management of patellar tendinopathy (n = 1) and complications related to BMAC (n = 5). Multiple experimental studies investigated the use of BMAC for tendon repair; nonetheless, there are only limited clinical studies available in this field. Unfortunately, due to the scarcity of studies, which were mainly case series, the current level of evidence is weak. We strongly recommend further future randomised controlled studies in this field to allow scientists and clinicians make evidence-based conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Imam
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Circular road, Ismailia 41111, Egypt - The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
| | - James Holton
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK - Birmingham University, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Ahmed S Negida
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagzig University, 44519 Zagzig, Egypt
| | - Florian Grubhofer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Ashford and St Peters Hospitals, Chertsey KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Ali Narvani
- Ashford and St Peters Hospitals, Chertsey KT16 0PZ, UK
| | - Martyn Snow
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK - Regenerative Medicine, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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Uder C, Brückner S, Winkler S, Tautenhahn HM, Christ B. Mammalian MSC from selected species: Features and applications. Cytometry A 2017; 93:32-49. [PMID: 28906582 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cellular therapy of different diseases in humans and in animals. Following the guidelines of the International Society for Cell Therapy, human MSC may be identified by expression of a specific panel of cell surface markers (CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD34-, CD14-, or CD11b-, CD79- or CD19-, HLA-DR-). In addition, multiple differentiation potential into at least the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineage is a main criterion for MSC definition. Human MSC and MSC of a variety of mammals isolated from different tissues meet these criteria. In addition to the abovementioned, they express many more cell surface markers. Yet, these are not uniquely expressed by MSC. The gross phenotypic appearance like marker expression and differentiation potential is similar albeit not identical for MSC from different tissues and species. Similarly, MSC may feature different biological characteristics depending on the tissue source and the isolation and culture procedures. Their versatile biological qualities comprising immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and proregenerative capacities rely largely on the migratory and secretory capabilities of MSC. They are attracted to sites of tissue lesion and secrete factors to promote self-repair of the injured tissue. This is a big perspective for clinical MSC applications in both veterinary and human medicine. Phase I/II clinical trials have been initiated to assess safety and feasibility of MSC therapies in acute and chronic disease settings. Yet, since the mode of MSC action in a specific disease environment is still unknown at large, it is mandatory to unravel the response of MSC from a given source onto a specific disease environment in suitable animal models prior to clinical applications. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Uder
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Sandra Brückner
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Sandra Winkler
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Laboratory, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
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Schröck C, Eydt C, Geburek F, Kaiser L, Päbst F, Burk J, Pfarrer C, Staszyk C. Bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from horses after euthanasia. Vet Med Sci 2017; 3:239-251. [PMID: 29152317 PMCID: PMC5677777 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic equine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (eMSCs) have been proposed for use in regenerative therapies in veterinary medicine. A source of allogeneic eMSCs might be the bone marrow from euthanized horses. The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro characteristics of equine bone marrow derived eMSC (eBM‐MSCs) from euthanized horses (eut‐MSCs) and from narcotized horses (nar‐MSCs). Eut‐MSCs and nar‐MSCs showed typical eMSC marker profiles (positive: CD44, CD90; negative: CD11a/CD18 and MHCII) and possessed tri‐lineage differentiation characteristics. Although CD105 and MHCI expression varied, no differences were detected between eut‐MSCs and nar‐MSCs. Proliferation characteristics did not differ between eut‐MSCs and nar‐MSCs, but age dependent decrease in proliferation and increase in MHCI expression was detected. These results suggest the possible use of eut‐MSCs for therapeutic applications and production of commercial available eBM‐MSC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schröck
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, -Histology and -EmbryologyJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Carina Eydt
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | | | - Lena Kaiser
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, -Histology and -EmbryologyJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Felicitas Päbst
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM)University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany.,Faculty of Veterinary MedicineLarge Animal Clinic for SurgeryUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Janina Burk
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM)University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany.,Faculty of Veterinary MedicineLarge Animal Clinic for SurgeryUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Carsten Staszyk
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, -Histology and -EmbryologyJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessenGermany
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29
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MEM α Promotes Cell Proliferation and Expression of Bone Marrow Derived Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Gene Markers but Depresses Differentiation Gene Markers. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Fernandes G, Yang S. Application of platelet-rich plasma with stem cells in bone and periodontal tissue engineering. Bone Res 2016; 4:16036. [PMID: 28018706 PMCID: PMC5153571 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, there is a high paucity of bone grafts in the United States and worldwide. Regenerating bone is of prime concern due to the current demand of bone grafts and the increasing number of diseases causing bone loss. Autogenous bone is the present gold standard of bone regeneration. However, disadvantages like donor site morbidity and its decreased availability limit its use. Even allografts and synthetic grafting materials have their own limitations. As certain specific stem cells can be directed to differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs), it makes stem cells the ideal agents for bone regeneration. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, is often used for bone regeneration, wound healing and bone defect repair. When stem cells are combined with PRP in the presence of GFs, they are able to promote osteogenesis. This review provides in-depth knowledge regarding the use of stem cells and PRP in vitro, in vivo and their application in clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fernandes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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31
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Luesma MJ, Cantarero I, Ranera B, Remacha AR, Castiella T, Romero A, Martín I, Rodellar C, Junquera C. Primary Cilia in Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Ultrastructural Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Veronesi F, Salamanna F, Tschon M, Maglio M, Nicoli Aldini N, Fini M. Mesenchymal stem cells for tendon healing: what is on the horizon? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3202-3219. [PMID: 27597421 DOI: 10.1002/term.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a noteworthy morbidity but at present there are few effective scientifically proven treatments. In recent decades, a number of new strategies including tissue engineering with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed to enhance tendon healing. Although MSCs are an interesting and promising approach, many questions regarding their use in tendon repair remain unanswered. This descriptive overview of the literature of the last decade explores the in vivo studies on tendon healing, in small and large animal models, which used MSCs harvested from different tissues, and the state of the art in clinical applications. It was observed that there are still doubts about the optimum amount of MSCs to use and their source and the type of scaffolds to deliver the cells. Thus, further studies are needed to determine the best protocol for MSC use in tendon healing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Maglio
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolo Nicoli Aldini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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33
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Theodora C, Sara P, Silvio F, Alessandra B, Giuseppe T, Barbara V, Barbara C, Sabrina R, Silvia D, Stefania P, Mario M, Maria Luisa T, Maura F. Platelet lysate and adipose mesenchymal stromal cells on silk fibroin nonwoven mats for wound healing. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chlapanidas Theodora
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Perteghella Sara
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Faragò Silvio
- Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per L'industria, Silk Division; Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Boschi Alessandra
- Innovhub, Stazioni Sperimentali per L'industria, Silk Division; Milan 20133 Italy
| | - Tripodo Giuseppe
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Vigani Barbara
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Crivelli Barbara
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Renzi Sabrina
- Cell Culture Center, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; Brescia 25124 Italy
| | - Dotti Silvia
- Cell Culture Center, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; Brescia 25124 Italy
| | - Preda Stefania
- Department of Drug Sciences; Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Marazzi Mario
- Struttura Semplice Tissue Therapy; Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital; Milan 20162 Italy
| | - Torre Maria Luisa
- Department of Drug Sciences; Medicinal Chemistry and Technology Section, University of Pavia; Pavia 27100 Italy
| | - Ferrari Maura
- Cell Culture Center, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; Brescia 25124 Italy
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34
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Yang W, Lee S, Yoon J, Lee JI. Stem cell therapy status in veterinary medicine. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-014-0426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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35
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Lee S, Jang IJ, Yang W, Koo M, Cha JW, Yoon J, Lee KM, Lee JI. Reevaluation of spontaneous and frequently diagnosed disease in companion animals and its application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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36
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Lee SY, Kim W, Lim C, Chung SG. Treatment of Lateral Epicondylosis by Using Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study. Stem Cells 2015. [PMID: 26202898 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a novel regenerative approach for treating tendinopathy. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (allo-ASC) in treating lateral epicondylosis (LE). Under ultrasound guidance, allo-ASCs mixed with fibrin glue were injected into the hypoechoic common extensor tendon lesions of 12 participants with chronic LE; 6 subjects each were administered 10(6) or 10(7) cells in 1 ml. Safety was evaluated at day 3 and weeks 2, 6, 12, 26, and 52 post-injection. Efficacy was assessed by measuring patients' visual analog scale (VAS) score for elbow pain, modified Mayo clinic performance index for the elbow, and by evaluating longitudinal and transverse ultrasound images of tendon defect areas after 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. No significant adverse effects of allo-ASC injection were observed through 52 weeks of follow-up. From baseline through 52 weeks of periodic follow-up, VAS scores progressively decreased from 66.8 ± 14.5 mm to 14.8 ± 13.1 mm and elbow performance scores improved from 64.0 ± 13.5 to 90.6 ± 5.8. Tendon defects also significantly decreased through this period. Allo-ASC therapy was thus safe and effective in improving elbow pain, performance, and structural defects for 52 weeks. This clinical study is the first to reveal therapeutic value of mesenchymal stem cell injection for treating chronic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaiyoung Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun G Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Aging, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Rheumatism Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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37
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Russell KA, Koch TG. Equine platelet lysate as an alternative to fetal bovine serum in equine mesenchymal stromal cell culture - too much of a good thing? Equine Vet J 2015; 48:261-4. [PMID: 25772755 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are often culture-expanded in vitro. Presently, expansion medium (EM) for MSC is supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, increasing cost, variable composition and potential risks associated with bovine antigens call for alternatives. Platelet lysate (PL) has shown promise as an alternative supplement. OBJECTIVES To determine how equine umbilical cord blood (CB) MSC proliferate in EM enriched with PL or FBS at various concentrations. STUDY DESIGN Randomised dose escalation study. METHODS Platelet concentrate was generated from 5 equine whole blood samples through a double centrifugation method and standardised to 1 × 10(12) platelets/l prior to a freeze/thaw cycle to produce PL. Pooled PL or pooled FBS was added to EM at concentrations of 5% to 60%. Proliferation of 4 equine CB-MSC cultures was determined after 4 days using a resazurin semiquantitative assay. RESULTS Cord blood-MSC proliferated with a dose-dependent response with no significant difference found between PL and FBS up to a 30% concentration. Beyond 30%, proliferation fell in the PL-cultured cells, while continued dose-dependent proliferation was noted in the FBS-cultured cells. Despite reduced cell numbers in high PL concentrations, live/dead staining revealed that adherent cells remained viable. CONCLUSIONS Expansion medium enriched with PL can support short-term equine CB-MSC proliferation at conventional culture concentrations. Based on the unexpected suppression of CB-MSC at higher PL concentrations, an in vivo dose study is indicated to investigate if combinational therapies of CB-MSC and platelet-rich plasma are associated with synergistic or antagonistic effect on CB-MSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - T G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Studies, Orthopaedic Research Lab, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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38
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Di Ianni F, Merli E, Burtini F, Conti V, Pelizzone I, Di Lecce R, Parmigiani E, Squassino GP, Del Bue M, Lucarelli E, Ramoni R, Grolli S. Preparation and application of an innovative thrombocyte/leukocyte-enriched plasma to promote tissue repair in chelonians. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122595. [PMID: 25901960 PMCID: PMC4406685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet concentrates are widely used in mammalian regenerative medicine to improve tissue healing. Chelonians (Testudines) would benefit from the application of thrombocyte preparations to regenerate damaged tissues, since traumatic injuries are leading causes of morbidity and mortality for both wild-living and domesticated animals. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol that optimized the recovery of the thrombocytes from blood samples and to show the efficacy of thrombocyte-enriched plasma in chelonians. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from Testudo spp. (n = 12) and Trachemys scripta elegans (n = 10). Blood cells were fractionated by sodium diatrizoate-sodium polysucrose density gradient using a two-step centrifugation protocol. Thrombocytes and leukocytes were isolated and resuspended to obtain thrombocyte-leucocyte rich plasma (TLRP). The mean recovery of leukocytes and thrombocytes was 48.9% (±4.0 SEM, n = 22) of the whole blood cell content. No statistically significant difference was observed between blood samples collected from different turtle species. The ability of TLRP to form a gel was evaluated by adding variable concentrations of calcium gluconate at room temperature and at 37°C. A reliable and consistent clotting of the TLRP was obtained in glass tubes and dishes by adding 5-20% v/v of a 100 mg/ml solution of calcium gluconate. Furthermore, in order to test the clinical efficacy of TLRP, a preliminary evaluation was performed on four turtles (Testudo spp.) with traumatic injuries. In all the four animals, a successful clinical outcome was observed. The results demonstrated that a thrombocyte-enriched plasma, comparable to mammalian platelet rich plasma, can be prepared from chelonian blood samples. Furthermore, although the low number of cases presented does not allow definitive conclusions from a clinical point of view, their outcome suggests that TLRP application could be further investigated to improve the healing process of both soft and hard tissue injuries in chelonians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Ianni
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Merli
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Burtini
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Virna Conti
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Igor Pelizzone
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Parmigiani
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Del Bue
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Ramoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Grolli
- Department of Veterinary Science, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Lomas A, Ryan C, Sorushanova A, Shologu N, Sideri A, Tsioli V, Fthenakis G, Tzora A, Skoufos I, Quinlan L, O'Laighin G, Mullen A, Kelly J, Kearns S, Biggs M, Pandit A, Zeugolis D. The past, present and future in scaffold-based tendon treatments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:257-77. [PMID: 25499820 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries represent a significant clinical burden on healthcare systems worldwide. As the human population ages and the life expectancy increases, tendon injuries will become more prevalent, especially among young individuals with long life ahead of them. Advancements in engineering, chemistry and biology have made available an array of three-dimensional scaffold-based intervention strategies, natural or synthetic in origin. Further, functionalisation strategies, based on biophysical, biochemical and biological cues, offer control over cellular functions; localisation and sustained release of therapeutics/biologics; and the ability to positively interact with the host to promote repair and regeneration. Herein, we critically discuss current therapies and emerging technologies that aim to transform tendon treatments in the years to come.
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Equine Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Cytofluorimetric Characterization, In Vitro Differentiation, and Clinical Application. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Lopez MJ, Jarazo J. State of the art: stem cells in equine regenerative medicine. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:145-54. [PMID: 24957845 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to Greek mythology, Prometheus' liver grew back nightly after it was removed each day by an eagle as punishment for giving mankind fire. Hence, contrary to popular belief, the concept of tissue and organ regeneration is not new. In the early 20th century, cell culture and ex vivo organ preservation studies by Alexis Carrel, some with famed aviator Charles Lindbergh, established a foundation for much of modern regenerative medicine. While early beliefs and discoveries foreshadowed significant accomplishments in regenerative medicine, advances in knowledge within numerous scientific disciplines, as well as nano- and micromolecular level imaging and detection technologies, have contributed to explosive advances over the last 20 years. Virtually limitless preparations, combinations and applications of the 3 major components of regenerative medicine, namely cells, biomaterials and bioactive molecules, have created a new paradigm of future therapeutic options for most species. It is increasingly clear, however, that despite significant parallels among and within species, there is no 'one-size-fits-all' regenerative therapy. Likewise, a panacea has yet to be discovered that completely reverses the consequences of time, trauma and disease. Nonetheless, there is no question that the promise and potential of regenerative medicine have forever altered medical practices. The horse is a relative newcomer to regenerative medicine applications, yet there is already a large body of work to incorporate novel regenerative therapies into standard care. This review focuses on the current state and potential future of stem cells in equine regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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Carstairs A, Genever P. Stem cell treatment for musculoskeletal disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 16:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Souza MVD, Pinto JDO, Costa MMD, Santos ECD, Garcia SL, Oliveira LLD. Quantificação de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é um produto derivado da centrifugação do sangue total, sendo rico em fatores bioativos, como os de crescimento. Apesar da ampla utilização em processos cicatriciais, há controvérsia sobre a eficácia da terapia na cicatrização cutânea. O objetivo desse estudo foi quantificar e comparar a concentração dos fatores TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB no PRP, plasma sanguíneo e pele, durante diferentes fases do processo de cicatrização da pele tratada ou não com PRP. Foram utilizados sete equinos machos castrados, mestiços, hígidos, com idade entre 16 e 17 (16,14±0,63) anos. Três lesões em formato quadrangular (6,25cm²) foram produzidas cirurgicamente nas regiões glúteas direita e esquerda de todos os animais. Doze horas após indução das feridas, 0,5mL do PRP foi administrado em cada uma das quatro extremidades das feridas de uma das regiões glúteas (Grupo tratado = GT), escolhida aleatoriamente. A região contralateral foi utilizada como controle (GC). As feridas foram submetidas à limpeza diária com água Milli Q, e amostras foram obtidas mediante biópsias realizadas com Punch de 6mm. Foram obtidas seis biópsias de pele, sendo a primeira realizada logo após a produção da ferida (T0), e as demais com 1 (T1) 2 (T2) 7 (T3) e 14 (T4) dias após a indução da lesão. A sexta biópsia (T5) foi obtida após completo fechamento da pele, que ocorreu aproximadamente aos 37 dias (36,85±7,45, GC; 38,85±6,46, GT). Também foram obtidas amostras de sangue com EDTA em todos os tempos mencionados. A quantificação dos fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB na pele, PRP e plasma sanguíneo foi realizada pela técnica ELISA. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t, correlação de Pearson e regressão, utilizando nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença entre os grupos, nos valores dos dois fatores de crescimento mensurados na pele, nos diferentes tempos. Também não houve correlação entre a quantidade dos fatores de crescimento presentes na pele e no plasma. Por outro lado, correlação positiva foi observada entre PRP e pele no grupo tratado, para os fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 (r=0,31) e PDGF-BB (r=0,38), bem como entre ambos os fatores de crescimento presentes no PRP (r=0,81). Considerando as concentrações dos fatores de crescimento no T0, os maiores valores cutâneos (p<0,05) do TGF-β1, em ambos os grupos, ocorreram nos tempos T3 e T5. Valores mais elevados (p<0,05) do PDGF-BB ocorreram no T4 (GT) e T5 (GC). No plasma não houve alteração nas concentrações desses fatores em relação ao T0, o que sugere que o PRP não acarreta efeito sistêmico, quando os procedimentos adotados na presente pesquisa são utilizados. A administração local de PRP no volume estudado, 12 h após indução cirúrgica de ferida cutânea na região glútea de equinos não ocasiona maiores concentrações dos fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB no plasma sanguíneo e pele, durante o processo de cicatrização.
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Hypoxia-conditioned media allows species-specific attraction of bone marrow stromal cells without need for recombinant proteins. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:56. [PMID: 24593914 PMCID: PMC3974005 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo tissue regeneration depends on migration of stem cells into injured areas, their differentiation into specific cell types, and their interaction with other cells that are necessary to generate new tissue. Human mesenchymal stem cells, a subset of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), can migrate and differentiate into osteoblasts in bone tissue. This can be facilitated by recombinant growth factors and cytokines. In many animal species, the availability of genomic sequences, recombinant proteins, and/or antibodies is limited so that new approaches are needed to generate resources that facilitate migration of stem cells into tissue defect areas. Here we used bone marrow stromal cells of human, ovine, equine, and canine origin to generate hypoxia-conditioned media (HCM) in order to attract BMSCs of the respective species in migration assays. Results We show that HCM contain attractors even more potent than vascular endothelial growth factor and can therefore be used in many animal species without the need for purified proteins. Conclusion Generation of HCM is easy and cheap compared to preparation and purification of protein fractions and/or recombinant proteins. Hence, HCM could be applied in large animals (e.g. sheep, horse, dogs) for attraction of BMSCs into tissue defects caused by tumor resection or trauma.
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