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Sampath V, Cho S, Lee BR, Kim NH, Kim IH. Enhancement of protective vaccine-induced antibody titer to swine diseases and growth performance by Amino-Zn, yucca extract, and β-mannanase feed additive in wean-finishing pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1095877. [PMID: 37662989 PMCID: PMC10470888 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Amino-Zn (AZn), Yucca schidigera extract (YE), and β-mannanase enzyme supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal gas emission, and immune response in pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs (6.57 ± 1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: CON-corn soybean meal (basal diet); TRT1-CON +1,000 ppm AZn + 0.07% yucca extract (YE) + 0.05% β-mannanase; and TRT2-CON +2,000 ppm AZn + 0.07% YE+ 0.05% β-mannanase for 22 weeks. Each treatment had 12 replicates with 5 pigs per pen. Pigs fed a diet supplemented with AZn, YE, and β-mannanase linearly increased (p < 0.05) BW and average daily gain at weeks 6, 12, 17, and 18. In contrast, the gain-to-feed ratio showed a linear increase (p < 0.05) from weeks 6 to 17 and the overall trial period. Moreover, the inclusion of experimental diets linearly decreased (p > 0.05) noxious gas emissions such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, and methyl mercaptans. The dietary inclusion of AZn, YE, and β-mannanase significantly increased the serological immune responses to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV-O type) at the end of week 6 and porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) at week 19. Based on this result, we infer that the combination of AZn, YE, and β-mannanase supplement would serve as a novel in-feed additive to enhance growth performance and act as a boosting agent and immune stimulatory to increase the efficacy of swine vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvi Sampath
- Department of Animal Resources, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Animal Resources, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nam-Hun Kim
- ZinexBio Corporation, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resources, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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2
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Pang S, Wu W, Liu Q, Zhu G, Duan Q. Different serotypes of Escherichia coli flagellin exert identical adjuvant effects. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:308. [PMID: 35953794 PMCID: PMC9373361 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial flagellin is a potent powerful adjuvant, which exerts its adjuvant activity by activating the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) signaling pathway to induce host pro-inflammatory responses. Flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) has shown strong adjuvant effects for a variety of vaccine candidates, however, the adjuvanticity of different serotypes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) flagellin (FliC) is unclear. To explore the adjuvant activity of different serotypes of E. coli flagellin, FliCH1, FliCH7, and FliCH19 recombinant flagellins were prokaryotically-expressed and purified. The adjuvanticity of three recombinant flagellins was evaluated by analyzing their abilities to induce the IL-8 production in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and the immune responses to co-administrated FaeG antigen in mice. Sequence analysis showed that the N-and C-terminal regions are highly conserved, whereas the central region is hypervariable. The TLR5 recognized site is identical among these three serotypes of flagellins. Coomassie blue staining SDS-PAGE showed the molecular mass of FliCH1, FliCH7, and FliCH19 recombinant flagellin are 66 kDa, 64 kDa, and 68 kDa, which can be recognized by anti-FliCH1, FliCH7, and FliCH19 serum, respectively. Moreover, the flagellin serotypes induced similar levels of IL-8 and TNF-α production in Caco-2 cells, anti-FaeG specific IgG antibodies in mice, and IL-4 production in mice spleen cells. Our results indicated that E. coli flagellins can be an adjuvant for vaccine candidates and that different serotypes of E. coli flagellins possess identical adjuvant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Qiangde Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Barkhordari M, Bagheri M, Irian S, Khani MH, Ebrahimi MM, Zahmatkesh A, Shahsavandi S. Comparison of flagellin and an oil-emulsion adjuvant in inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine in stimulation of immunogenic parameters. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 75:101622. [PMID: 33607396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the potential application of native (N) and recombinant (truncated modified [tmFliC] and full-length [flFliC]) flagellin proteins along with inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Fifty six SPF chickens were immunized twice with PBS (control), inactivated NDV (Ag), inactivated NDV/flFliC (AgF), inactivated NDV/tmFliC (AgT), inactivated NDV/N (AgN), commercial vaccine containing Montanide (Vac) and Vac/N (VacN), with a two-week interval. Blood was collected weekly and spleens were harvested after chickens were sacrificed. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Antibody response was assessed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). Cellular activity was quantified by MTT assay. Results showed that the most IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression was observed in AgF group (P < 0.01). The lowest gene expression among vaccinated groups was observed in Ag group for IL-6 and Ag and Vac group for TNF-α. The highest HI titer was observed in Vac, VacN, AgF and AgT groups. The AgF group showed the highest cellular activity (P < 0.01). In conclusion, flagellin-adjuvanted groups showed a pro-inflammatory effect and acted similarly to or better than the Vac group. Hence, flagellin can be proposed as a potential adjuvant for ND vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Barkhordari
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bagheri
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hosein Khani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Azadeh Zahmatkesh
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahla Shahsavandi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Wu P, Zhang Y, Yin X, He Y, Zhang Q, Chen C. Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as an adjuvant for inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:474. [PMID: 33276787 PMCID: PMC7716589 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible disease that leads to vast economic losses in many countries. Prevention using inactivated vaccines is one effective measure used to control FMD. Unfortunately, inactivated FMD vaccines provide only short-term protection and require a cold-chain system. In recent years, many studies have shown that layered double metal hydroxides (LDHs) carrying antigens can be used to strongly induce immune responses. In this study, LDH nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. LDH particle size, electric potential, and morphology were measured and observed. The adsorption capacity of LDH NPs to FMDV was tested. The effects of LDH as an adjuvant on inactivated FMDV vaccines were further evaluated and compared with commercial FMDV Montanide ISA-206 in BALB/C female mice and Yorkshire pigs. Results LDH NPs were successfully prepared with a uniform particle size of ~ 87.21 nm, regular edges, a loose hexagonal shape and positive zeta charge of 32 mV. The maximum absorption concentration was 0.16–0.31 μg FMDV/μg LDH. In the mouse experiment, antibody levels in group LDH + FMDV were significantly higher compared to group saline + FMDV (P < 0.01) from days 42–98 and were significantly higher to group ISA-206 + FMDV on day 56 post-immunization (P < 0.05). After day 14 post-immunization, IFN-γ content was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In the pig experiment, antibody levels in both the ISA-206 + FMDV and LDH + FMDV were positive and were significantly higher compared with the PBS group on day 7 (P < 0.005). Antibody levels in 90% pigs were positive on day 56 in the LDH group. The neutralizing antibody levels in the LDH and ISA-206 groups were significantly higher from days 7–28 compared to the PBS control group (P < 0.05). Thus, LDH NPs were effective at inducing an immune response against FMDV. Conclusions LDHs with a loose hexagonal shape and a positive charge were prepared and evaluated as adjuvant for FMD vaccine. It was demonstrated that LDHs can induce immune responses in mice and pigs. In addition, the LDHs produced antibodies continuously which may indicate a slow-release effect. The study shows that LDHs may act as a potentially useful FMDV adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.,College of Life Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/ Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyue Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanhua He
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/ Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production/ Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
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Verma SK, Gupta A, Batra L, Tuteja U. Escherichia coli expressed flagellin C (FliC) of Salmonella Typhi improved the protective efficacy of YopE against plague infection. Vaccine 2018; 37:19-24. [PMID: 30497835 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the current antibiotic resistance scenario, vaccines may provide best defense against lethal bacterial diseases. So far, there is no idealvaccine available against plague. Despite providing complete protection in small animal models, F1/LcrV based vaccine failed to provide ideal protection in non human primates. Here, we cloned, expressed and purified YopE of Yersinia pestis and flagellin C (FliC) of Salmonella Typhi. However the best possible protection needs the significant induction of IFN-γ and TNF-α. To determine the protective potential of the recombinant YopE alone or in formulation with FliC, Balb/C mice were immunized subcutaneously. The formulations were prepared with alum, a human compatible adjuvant. In our studies, the combination of YopE + FliC induced significantly strong humoral and cellular immune responses. A combination of YopE + FliC provided 83% protection whereas YopE alone provided only 50% against 100LD50 of Y. pestis in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Verma
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Lalit Batra
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Urmil Tuteja
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
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Chemokine CCL20 plasmid improves protective efficacy of the Montanide ISA™ 206 adjuvanted foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in mice model. Vaccine 2018; 36:5318-5324. [PMID: 30054161 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chemokine CCL20, a macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha, for adjuvant potential in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine. Groups of mice were injected intramuscularly with either murine CCL20 DNA or CCL20 protein two days ahead of the immunization with Montanide ISA206 adjuvanted inactivated FMD vaccine and humoral and cellular immune responses were measured in post-vaccinal sera. We demonstrated that the mice immunized with CCL20 plasmid plus FMD vaccine showed earlier and significantly (p < 0.05) higher neutralizing antibody responses compared to the mice vaccinated with CCL20 protein plus FMD vaccine. In fact, CCL20 as a protein did not show any adjuvant effect and the immune responses induced in this group were comparable to that of the mice vaccinated with FMD vaccine alone. All the vaccination groups showed serum IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses; however, the mice vaccinated with CCL20 plasmid plus FMD vaccine showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher IgG1 and IgG2 responses and the responses remained high at all-time points post vaccination, although not always statistically significant. Upon restimulation of the vaccinated splenocytes with the inactivated FMD viral antigen, significantly (p < 0.05) higher IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in culture supernatants were found in animals vaccinated with the CCL20 plasmid plus FMD vaccine, which is indicative of the TH1 type of cellular immunity. On challenge with the homologous FMD virus on 28th day post immunization, CCL20 plasmid plus FMD vaccine showed complete protection (100%) while animals immunized with CCL20 protein plus FMD vaccine or FMD vaccine alone showed 66% protection. In summary, we show that prior injection of CCL20 plasmid improved protective efficacy of the inactivated FMD vaccine and thus offers a valuable strategy to modulate the efficacy and polarization of specific immunity against inactivated vaccines.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial flagellin, as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), can activate both innate and adaptive immunity. Its unique structural characteristics endow an effective and flexible adjuvant activity, which allow the design of different types of vaccine strategies to prevent various diseases. This review will discuss recent progress in the mechanism of action of flagellin and its prospects for use as a vaccine adjuvant. AREAS COVERED Herein we summarize various types of information related to flagellin adjuvants from PubMed, including structures, signaling pathways, natural immunity, and extensive applications in vaccines, and it discusses the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of flagellin-adjuvanted vaccines in clinical trials. EXPERT COMMENTARY It is widely accepted that as an adjuvant, flagellin can induce an enhanced antigen-specific immune response. Flagellin adjuvants will allow more effective flagellin-based vaccines to enter clinical trials. Furthermore, vaccine formulations containing PAMPs are crucial to exert the maximum potential of vaccine antigens. Therefore, combinations of flagellin-adjuvanted vaccines with other adjuvants that act in a synergistic manner, particularly TLR ligands, represent a promising method for tailoring targeted vaccines to meet specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yuzhen Fang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Peng Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China.,b Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
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8
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Bacterial flagellin-a potent immunomodulatory agent. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e373. [PMID: 28860663 PMCID: PMC5628280 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flagellin is a subunit protein of the flagellum, a whip-like appendage that enables bacterial motility. Traditionally, flagellin was viewed as a virulence factor that contributes to the adhesion and invasion of host cells, but now it has emerged as a potent immune activator, shaping both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity during microbial infections. In this review, we summarize our understanding of bacterial flagellin and host immune system interactions and the role flagellin as an adjuvant, anti-tumor and radioprotective agent, and we address important areas of future research interests.
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Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Several considerable studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of BG as adjuvants as well as their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine production by a range of immune and non-immune cell types. These proinflammatory cytokines trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to lymph nodes that maximize the chances of encounter with their cognate antigen, and subsequent elicitation of potent immune responses. The plasticity of BG has allowed for the generation of envelope-bound foreign antigens in immunologically active forms that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. Besides their adjuvant property, BG also effectively deliver DNA-encoded antigens to dendritic cells, thereby leading to high transfection efficiencies, which subsequently result in higher gene expressions and improved immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize our understanding of BG interactions with the host immune system, their exploitation as an adjuvant and a delivery system, and address important areas of future research interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad A Hajam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Pervaiz A Dar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Gayeon Won
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Vaccines are essential tools for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in animals. One of the most important steps in vaccine development is the selection of a suitable adjuvant. The focus of this review is the adjuvants used in vaccines for animals. We will discuss current commercial adjuvants and experimental formulations with attention to mineral salts, emulsions, bacterial-derived components, saponins, and several other immunoactive compounds. In addition, we will also examine the mechanisms of action for different adjuvants, examples of adjuvant combinations in one vaccine formulation, and challenges in the research and development of veterinary vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Burakova
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.,2 Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Rachel Madera
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Scott McVey
- 3 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod Borne Animal Disease Research Unit, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - John R Schlup
- 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jishu Shi
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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11
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Lee JH, Kang IJ, Kim AR, Noh YS, Chung HC, Park BK. Increased humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in growing pigs pre-treated with poly-γ-glutamic acid. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:253-6. [PMID: 26645341 PMCID: PMC4921674 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine if humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine improved in 8-week-old growing pigs born to well-vaccinated sows pre-treated with 60 mg of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) three days before vaccination. Antibody against FMD virus serotype O was measured 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-vaccination, using a PrioCHECK FMDV type O ELISA kit. The results showed that positive antibody reactions against FMDV serotype O antigen among a component of the vaccine significantly increased in response to pre-injection with γ-PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaiversity, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ik-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaiversity, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - A-Reum Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaiversity, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - You-Sun Noh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaiversity, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Chun Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaiversity, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bong-Kyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Koreaiversity, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Improved lysis efficiency and immunogenicity of Salmonella ghosts mediated by co-expression of λ phage holin-endolysin and ɸX174 gene E. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45139. [PMID: 28332591 PMCID: PMC5362813 DOI: 10.1038/srep45139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria by bacteriophage ɸX174 gene E mediated lysis. They represent a novel inactivated vaccine platform; however, the practical application of BGs for human vaccines seems to be limited due to the safety concerns on the presence of viable cells in BGs. Therefore, to improve the lysis efficiency of the gene E, we exploited the peptidoglycan hydrolyzing ability of the λ phage holin-endolysins to expedite the process of current BG production system. In this report, we constructed a novel ghost plasmid encoding protein E and holin-endolysins in tandem. We observed that sequential expressions of the gene E and the holin-endolysins elicited rapid and highly efficient Salmonella lysis compared to the lysis mediated by gene E only. These lysed BGs displayed improved immunogenicity in mice compared to the gene E mediated BGs. Consequently, seventy percent of the mice immunized with these novel ghosts survived against a lethal challenge while all the mice vaccinated with gene E mediated ghosts died by day 9 post-infection. We conclude that this novel strategy has the potential to generate highly efficient inactivated candidate vaccines that could replace the currently available bacterial vaccines.
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13
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Diaz-San Segundo F, Medina GN, Stenfeldt C, Arzt J, de Los Santos T. Foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Vet Microbiol 2016; 206:102-112. [PMID: 28040311 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease affects many areas of the world, often causing extensive epizootics in livestock, mostly farmed cattle and swine, although sheep, goats and many wild species are also susceptible. In countries where food and farm animals are essential for subsistence agriculture, outbreaks of FMD seriously impact food security and development. In highly industrialized developed nations, FMD endemics cause economic and social devastation mainly due to observance of health measures adopted from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). High morbidity, complex host-range and broad genetic diversity make FMD prevention and control exceptionally challenging. In this article we review multiple vaccine approaches developed over the years ultimately aimed to successfully control and eradicate this feared disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayna Diaz-San Segundo
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CANR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Gisselle N Medina
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA
| | - Teresa de Los Santos
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA.
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14
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Kang X, Wang J, Jiao Y, Tang P, Song L, Xiong D, Yin Y, Pan Z, Jiao X. Expression of recombinant Newcastle disease virus F protein in Pichia pastoris and its immunogenicity using flagellin as the adjuvant. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 128:73-80. [PMID: 27546452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), a highly contagious, acute, and potent infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), has a considerable impact on the global poultry industry. Although both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are used to prevent and control the spread of ND among chickens, the increasing number of ND outbreaks in commercial poultry flocks worldwide indicates that routine vaccinations are insufficient to control ND. Hence, efforts are being invested into developing alternative and more effective vaccination strategies. In this study, we focus on F protein, the neutralizing and protective antigen of NDV, and flagellin (FliC), a toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist that is an effective inducer of innate immune responses. We amplified F gene from velogenic NDV strain F48E8. The recombinant histidine (His)-tagged F protein was efficiently expressed in a Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) eukaryotic system and verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. The conditions for F protein expression in P. pastoris were optimal. The immunogenicity of F protein with FliC as the adjuvant was evaluated in a C3H/HeJ mouse model. FliC was found to enhance both F-specific and NDV-specific IgG responses and F-specific cellular immune responses following intraperitoneal co-administration with F protein. Thus, the recombinant F protein expressed by P. pastoris when used with flagellin as the adjuvant has potential as a subunit vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yuelan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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15
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Song L, Xiong D, Kang X, Yang Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Xu H, Chen S, Peng D, Pan Z, Jiao X. An avian influenza A (H7N9) virus vaccine candidate based on the fusion protein of hemagglutinin globular head and Salmonella typhimurium flagellin. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:79. [PMID: 26286143 PMCID: PMC4544785 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A novel influenza virus, subtype H7N9, circulated through China in 2013–2014. Its higher rates of human infection in a wide range of locations within China and the associated increased likelihood of human-to-human transmission have caused global concern. Recombinant subunit vaccines provide safe and targeted protection against viral infections. However, the protective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines tends to be less potent than vaccines made from whole viruses. Studies have shown that bacterial flagellin has strong adjuvant activity and induces protective immune responses. Results In this study, we used overlap-PCR to generate an H7N9 influenza recombinant subunit vaccine that fused the globular head domain (HA1-2, aa 62–284) of the protective hemagglutinin (HA) antigen with the potent TLR5 ligand, Salmonella typhimurium flagellin (fliC). The resulting fusion protein, HA1-2-fliC, was efficiently expressed in an Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system, and Western blotting and TLR5-stimulating activity analysis confirmed that the HA1-2-fliC moiety could be faithfully refolded to take on the native HA and fliC conformations. In a C3H/HeJ mouse model of intraperitoneal vaccination, the fusion protein elicited significant and robust HA1-2-specific serum IgG titers, maintaining high levels for at least 3 months in the vaccinated animals, and induced similar levels of HA1-2-specific IgG1 and IgG2a that were detectable 12 days after the third immunization. HA1-2-fliC was also found to be capable of triggering the production of neutralizing antibodies, as assessed by measuring hemagglutination inhibition titers. Conclusions We conclude that immunization with HA1-2-fliC induces potent HA1-2-specific responses, offering significant promise for the development of a successful recombinant subunit vaccine for avian influenza A (H7N9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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16
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Deb R, Dey S, Madhan Mohan C, Gaikwad S, Kamble N, Khulape SA, Gupta SK, Maity HK, Pathak DC. Development and evaluation of a Salmonella typhimurium flagellin based chimeric DNA vaccine against infectious bursal disease of poultry. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:7-14. [PMID: 26412511 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute immunosuppressive disease of young chicks, caused by a double-stranded RNA virus. VP2 being the major capsid protein of the virus is an ideal vaccine candidate possessing the neutralizing epitopes. The present study involves the use of flagellin (fliC) as a genetic adjuvant to improve the immune response of VP2 based DNA vaccine against IBD. Our findings revealed that birds immunized with plasmid pCIVP2fliC showed robust immune response than pCIVP2 immunized groups. Further, challenge study proved that genetic fusion of fliC and VP2 can provide a comparatively higher level of protection against vvIBDV challenge in chickens than VP2 alone. These results thus indicate that Salmonella flagellin could enhance the immune responses and protection efficacy of a DNA vaccine candidate against IBDV infection in chickens, highlighting the potential of flagellin as a genetic adjuvant in the prevention of vvIBDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Deb
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
| | - Sohini Dey
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - C Madhan Mohan
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Satish Gaikwad
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Nitin Kamble
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Sagar A Khulape
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Shishir Kumar Gupta
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Maity
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra Pathak
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
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18
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Lee JA, Jung BG, Jung M, Kim TH, Yoo HS, Lee BJ. Dietary germanium biotite supplementation enhances the induction of antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in pigs. J Vet Sci 2014; 15:443-7. [PMID: 24690605 PMCID: PMC4178148 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the potential ability of germanium biotite (GB) to stimulate the production of antibodies specific for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To this aim, we measured the total FMDV-specific antibody responses and IgM production after vaccination against FMD both experimentally and in the field. GB supplementation with FMDV vaccination stimulated the production of anti-FMDV antibodies, and effectively increased IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. These results suggest that GB may be a novel alternative feed supplement that can serve as a boosting agent and an immunostimulator for increasing the efficacy of FMDV vaccination in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-A Lee
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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