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Zhao C, Duan Y, Diao X, He L, Zhang W. Effects of Dietary Selenium Yeast Supplementation in Pregnant Cashmere Goats on the Development of Offspring Hair Follicles. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:477. [PMID: 38338120 PMCID: PMC10854495 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal dietary selenium yeast (SY) supplementation during pregnancy on the hair follicle development of kids. Sixty pregnant Hanshan white cashmere goats were randomly divided into the con group (fed with a basal diet) and the SY group (fed with a basal diet with 0.4 mg/kg SY). SY was supplemented during the pregnancy until the birth of the kids. The growth performance, cashmere performance, hair follicle characteristics, and serum antioxidant capacity of the kids were periodically determined. The results showed that the birth weight of the kids in the SY group was significantly higher than that in the con group (p < 0.05), and the average weight at 15 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 5 months of age increased by 13.60%, 8.77%, 8.86%, and 3.90%, respectively (p > 0.05). The cashmere fineness at early birth was dramatically reduced with SY supplementation (p < 0.001), whereas cashmere length and production were significantly increased at 5 months of age (p < 0.05). Histology assays indicated that the primary hair follicles were fully developed at birth, and there was no significant difference in the number of primary hair follicles between the two groups (p > 0.05). The number of secondary hair follicles and the number and density of active secondary hair follicles in the SY group at 15 days were significantly higher than those in the con group (p < 0.05) and were increased by 11.18%, 6.18%, and 22.55% at 5 months of age, respectively (p > 0.05). The serum antioxidant capacity analysis revealed that the SY group had higher levels of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and lower levels of MDA (p > 0.05). These results reveal that the maternal dietary supplementation of SY in gestation can promote the morphogenesis and maturation of secondary hair follicles and increase the number and density of secondary hair follicles by enhancing the body's antioxidant capacity, contributing to the improvement of cashmere quality and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaogao Diao
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Liwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
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Erdoğan Ataç F, Takma Ç, Gevrekci Y, Öziş Altınçekiç Ş, Ayaşan T. Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Direct and Maternal Effects on Pre-Weaning Growth Traits in Turkish Saanen Kids. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050940. [PMID: 36899797 PMCID: PMC10000082 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on 4487 Turkish Saanen kids from 176 bucks and 1318 dam-goats, obtained from the Turkish Saanen goats in the Izmir region and collected between 2018 and 2019, were analyzed to examine the effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on growth traits. The average birth weight of the kids was determined as 3.33 ± 0.68 kg, the average W60 was 13.06 ± 2.94 kg, the average WW was 18.38 ± 4.14 kg, and the average PreWDG until weaning was 0.17 ± 0.04 g. Model 1, which does not account for the maternal effect, and Model 2, which includes the maternal effect, were used in the estimation of genetic parameters. The heritability estimates of BW, W60, WW, and PreWDG ranged from 0.05 to 0.59 in both models. It is recommended to consider the maternal effect as well as the environmental factors in the selection program for the best early breeder selection of kids growing alongside their mothers until the weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Erdoğan Ataç
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232311-44-66
| | - Çiğdem Takma
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Yakut Gevrekci
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Şeniz Öziş Altınçekiç
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Tugay Ayaşan
- Kadirli Faculty of Applied Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye 80000, Turkey
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Supplementary Feeding of Grazing Inner Mongolian Cashmere Goats during Pregnancy-Based on "Nutrient Requirements of Cashmere Goats". Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030473. [PMID: 36766362 PMCID: PMC9913870 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct precise supplementation for pregnant cashmere goats under grazing based on the feeding standard. Eight Inner Mongolian pregnant cashmere goats of near-average body weight were selected at early gestation (44.41 ± 4.03 kg) and late gestation (46.54 ± 4.02 kg) to measure their nutrient intake. Then, two pregnant cashmere goat flocks, No. 10 (control group, on-farm supplement) and No. 11 (supplemented group, supplement based on standard), with the same goat herd structure and grassland type, were chosen to conduct the supplemental feeding experiment. The results showed that pregnant cashmere goats lacked daily the intake of dry matter, digestive energy, crude protein and most essential mineral elements under grazing. After supplemental feeding, the supplementation based on the feeding standard increased the cashmere length and cashmere length growth volume and decreased the cashmere fineness, with no statistical significance. The goat cashmere yield, goat weight after shearing, single and twin-birth kid weight and kids' mature secondary hair follicle density were significantly higher in the supplemented group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation in accordance with "Nutrient Requirements of Cashmere Goats" can enhance pregnant cashmere goats' fiber production, growth performance, fertility and kids' secondary hair follicles development, which is of great importance for the healthy and precise nutrition and management of cashmere goats.
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Feeding Aquilaria sinensis Leaves Modulates Lipid Metabolism and Improves the Meat Quality of Goats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030560. [PMID: 36766087 PMCID: PMC9914005 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquilaria (A.) sinensis is a medicinal plant widely grown in tropical South China. Given the abundant pruning waste of its leaves, the use of A. sinensis leaves is valuable. In this study, goats were fed a diet containing 20% A. sinensis leaves. Compared with the basal diet, feeding A. sinensis leaves to goats did not affect growth performance but considerably reduced the feeding cost. Strikingly, feeding A. sinensis leaves resulted in a significant decrease in the blood cholesterol levels (2.11 vs. 1.49 mmol/L, p = 0.01) along with a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein levels (1.42 vs. 1.82 mmol/L, p = 0.01). There was also a tendency to lower the content of low-density lipoprotein levels in goats (0.78 vs. 0.45 mmol/L, p = 0.09). Furthermore, metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the reduction in cholesterol levels occurred in both the serum (0.387-fold change) and muscle (0.382-fold change) of goats during A. sinensis leaf feeding. The metabolic responses to feeding A. sinensis leaves suggest that the activation of lipolysis metabolism might happen in goats. These observed changes would be conducive to improving animal health and meat quality, ultimately benefiting human health.
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Minoda A, Tsuda H, Masahashi Y, Nakamura T, Suzuki M, Fukuhara N, Ito Y, Tezuka A, Ando T, Mizuno K. Maternal Renal Dysfunction in Late Pregnancy in Twin and Singleton Pregnancies: Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010090. [PMID: 36614889 PMCID: PMC9821260 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the impact on maternal renal function between singleton and twin pregnancies in the second half of pregnancy. It retrospectively enrolled 1711 pregnant women consisting of 1547 singleton pregnancies and 164 twin pregnancies from Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021. Patients underwent renal function tests (serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)) at least one month before delivery. The main outcome measure was maternal renal dysfunction, defined as a serum creatinine level above 0.8 mg/dL. The serum creatinine level was significantly higher and the eGFR was significantly lower in twin than in singleton pregnancies (p < 0.001). In addition, the rate of renal dysfunction was significantly higher in twin than in singleton pregnancies (7.9% vs. 2.6%; p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that twin pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 3.38), nulliparity (OR 2.31), and preeclampsia (OR 3.64) were significant risk factors for maternal renal dysfunction. Maternal renal dysfunction was observed in 13 twin pregnancies, all of which recovered to within normal limits during the early months of the postpartum period. Twin pregnancy is a significant risk factor for maternal renal dysfunction; renal function should be carefully monitored in twin pregnancies.
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Regulation of Tight Junctions by Sex Hormones in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111404. [PMID: 35681868 PMCID: PMC9179430 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary How ovarian hormones affect goat lactation by regulating cell–cell junctions is still unclear. Through the in vivo and in vitro assays, we found that ovarian hormones could elevate cell–cell junction protein expression, which may affect the intercellular space and molecule transportation between the goat mammary epithelial cells. Our assessment suggests that ovarian hormones may affect goat milk production by regulating the cell–cell junction protein expression between mammary epithelial cells. Abstract The sex hormones of estrogen and progesterone (P4) play a vital role in mammary gland development and milk lactation in ruminants. The tight junction (TJ) between adjacent secretory epithelial cells is instrumental in establishing the mammary blood–milk barrier. However, whether estrogen and P4 exert their effect on mammary function via regulating TJ remain unclear. Here, to clarify the role of 17-β estradiol (E2) and P4 in the regulation of TJ in goat mammary gland, we first explored the relationships between the concentrations of E2, P4, and the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 during the mammary gland development in goat. Then, we further explored the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 in the goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) in vitro under different concentrations of E2 and P4. The results demonstrated that the protein expression of claudin-1 decreased, but occludin and ZO-1 increased with the decline in E2 and P4 during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. In the in vitro studies, E2 exerted a positive effect on the mRNA expression of claudin-1, and accelerated the proteins’ expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in GMECs; P4 upregulated the mRNA expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1, and also improved the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and ZO-1 in the GMECs. The results demonstrated that E2 and P4 play an important role in regulating the expression of the mammary TJ components, which may ultimately affect the mammary gland development and milk lactation.
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de Oliveira AA, Romanzini EP, Costa DFA, Barbero RP, Azenha MV, Lage JF, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Citrus Pulp Replacing Corn in the Supplement Decreased Fibre Digestibility with No Impacts on Performance of Cattle Grazing Marandu Palisade Grass in the Wet-Dry Transition Period. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:822. [PMID: 35405812 PMCID: PMC8997057 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The wet-dry transition period brings unique challenges to cattle producers in the tropics as the forage quality starts to decrease and animal performance is negatively affected unless supplementation strategies are applied. Two experiments were conducted concomitantly to evaluate the performance and metabolic parameters of cattle supplemented with two different energy sources under a C4 tropical grass continuous grazing system in the wet-dry transition period. In experiment (exp) 1, the liveweight (LW) gain of 42 growing Bos indicus Nellore bulls allocated to 12 paddocks of Uruchloa brizantha cv. Marandu, in a completely randomized block design, was evaluated to compare corn and citrus pulp-based supplements offered at 0.5% LW. Metabolism was evaluated in exp 2 with eight rumen-cannulated Nellore steers in an incomplete replicated Latin square design (RLSD) 4 × 2 (steers × treatment) fed the same two treatments as in exp 1. No differences in animal performance were observed between corn or citrus pulp-based supplements. Rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, and blood urea nitrogen were lower in the rumen of animals supplemented with citrus pulp. Despite this, there were no differences in total dry matter intake amongst the two energy sources. The neutral detergent fibre digestibility of the diet containing corn decreased, but it neither affected performance nor liveweight gain per area. The findings suggest that corn can be replaced by citrus pulp with neither detrimental effects on animal performance nor indirect effects on pastures productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Alves de Oliveira
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, SP, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (E.P.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Trouw Nutrition Brasil, Nutreco Group, Campinas 13080650, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliéder Prates Romanzini
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, SP, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (E.P.R.); (A.C.R.)
| | | | - Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23897000, RJ, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Ana Cláudia Ruggieri
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, SP, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (E.P.R.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884900, SP, Brazil; (A.A.d.O.); (E.P.R.); (A.C.R.)
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Mikuła R, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Pszczola M, Rząsińska J, Sassek M, Nowak KW, Nogowski L, Kołodziejski PA. Changes in metabolic and hormonal profiles during transition period in dairy cattle - the role of spexin. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:359. [PMID: 34798894 PMCID: PMC8605515 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate spexin as a novel blood marker and to describe the relationship of this peptide with selected biochemical metabolites measured during the transition period in dairy cows. Additionally, mRNA expression of the spexin gene as well as spexin receptors - galanin receptor type 2 and galanin receptor type 3, was investigated in several bovine tissues. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals starting at 21 days before the estimated parturition day until 21 days in milk to determine concentrations of spexin, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate acid, total and active ghrelin, progesterone, glucose, insulin, IGF-I, triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, corticosterone and 17-β-estradiol as well as the activity of aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. RESULTS Spexin concentration decreased from 21 d before parturition to calving day and next it rose during the first 14 d of lactation. The lowest concentration of spexin was recorded on the calving day and it differed from the mean level of this peptide before parturition as well as postpartum. Moreover, differences were observed between mean spexin concentrations before and after calving. Spexin levels were moderately negatively correlated with NEFA (r = - 0.39) and total ghrelin contents (r = - 0.41), weakly correlated with BHBA (r = - 0.35) while they showed a moderate positive relationship with progesterone concentrations (r = 0.42). Moreover, we detected that mRNA expression of GALR2, GALR3 and SPX is present in various bovine tissues (kidney, bowel, rumen, spinal cord, lung, skeletal muscle, liver, heart, fat and spleen). CONCLUSION A negative correlation between spexin concentration and NEFA, BHBA and total ghrelin contents as well as a positive relationship with levels of progesterone, metabolites and hormones, which are key players in the dairy cow transition period, may confirm an important function of this peptide in metabolism regulation. Thus measurement of spexin concentration could provide useful supplementary information for dairy cow herd health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mikuła
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60 –, 637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Pszczola
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Rząsińska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60 –, 637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof W. Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60 –, 637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Leszek Nogowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60 –, 637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł A. Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60 –, 637 Poznań, Poland
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Ghavipanje N, Fathi Nasri MH, Farhangfar SH, Ghiasi SE, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Pre- and Post-partum Berberine Supplementation in Dairy Goats as a Novel Strategy to Mitigate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:743455. [PMID: 34722705 PMCID: PMC8552069 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.743455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As in dairy cattle, goats during the transition period face risk factors, in particular negative energy balance (NEB), inflammation, and impairment of the antioxidant response. The current study determined the effects of pre- and post-partum berberine (BBR) supplementation on antioxidant status and inflammation response during the transition period in dairy goats. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen goats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON, without BBR) and supplemented with 1 g/day BBR (BBR1), 2 g/day BBR (BBR2), or 4 g/day BBR (BBR4). The blood samples were collected weekly from 21 days pre-partum to 21 days post-partum. Compared with CON, supplementation with either BBR2 or BBR4 decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the levels of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) at kidding and thereafter an increased (P ≤ 0.05) the plasma levels of glucose and insulin. Following BBR ingestion, blood antioxidant status elevated throughout the transition period, so that total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity were increased (P ≤ 0.05) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Likewise, paraoxonase (PON) was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in goats fed BBR2 and BBR4. The levels of haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and bilirubin were reduced (P ≤ 0.05) by BBR2 and BBR4 immediately before kidding and thereafter. The results demonstrated that supplementation of either 2 or 4 g/day BBR enhanced antioxidant capacity and immune function of transition goats and improved post-partum performance showing its beneficial effect to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation during the transition period in dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ghavipanje
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyyed Ehsan Ghiasi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Zhu Q, Xie P, Li H, Blachier F, Yin Y, Kong X. Dynamic Changes of Metabolite Profiles in Maternal Biofluids During Gestation Period in Huanjiang Mini-Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:636943. [PMID: 34295931 PMCID: PMC8290061 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.636943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical parameters related to nitrogenous metabolism in maternal biofluids may be linked and even reflect the fetal metabolism and growth. The present study have measured the concentrations of various parameters related to amino acid (AA) and lipid metabolism, as well as different metabolites including the free AAs in maternal plasma and amniotic and allantoic fluid corresponding to fetuses with different body weight (BW) during different gestation periods, in order to identify the possible relationships between biochemical parameters and fetal growth. A total of 24 primiparous Huanjiang mini-pigs were fed with a standard diet. Data showed that, from day 45 to day 110 of gestation, the maternal plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), Ile, Orn, Car, α-ABA, and β-AiBA increased (P < 0.05); while the levels of ammonia (AMM), choline esterase (CHE), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Leu, Glu, Cys, Asp, and Hypro decreased (P < 0.05). From day 45 to 110 of gestation, the amniotic fluid levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), CHE, total protein (TP), and urea nitrogen (UN) increased (P < 0.05), as well as the level of CHE and TP and concentration of Pro in allantoic fluid; while the amniotic fluid concentrations of Arg, Glu, Orn, Pro, and Tau decreased (P < 0.05), as well as allantoic fluid concentrations of Arg and Glu. At day 45 of gestation, the amniotic fluid concentrations of Arg, Orn, and Tau corresponding to the highest BW (HBW) fetuses were higher (P < 0.05), whereas the allantoic fluid concentrations of His and Pro were lower (P < 0.05) when compared with the lowest BW (LBW) fetuses. At day 110 of gestation, the amniotic fluid concentration of Tau corresponding to the HBW fetuses was higher (P < 0.05) than the LBW fetuses. These findings show that the sows display increased protein utilization and decreased lipid metabolism and deposition from day 75 to 110 of gestation. In addition, our data are indicative of a likely stronger ability of HBW fetuses to metabolize protein; and finally of a possible key role of Arg, Gln, Glu, Pro, Tau, and His for the fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifeng Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Francois Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi, China
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11
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Šalavardić ŽK, Novoselec J, Đidara M, Steiner Z, Ćavar S, Modić Šabić A, Antunović Z. Effect of dietary hempseed cake on milk performance and haemato-chemicals in lactating Alpine dairy goats. Animal 2021; 15:100255. [PMID: 34116463 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the high concentrations of crude protein and beneficial fatty acids, hempseed cake could be a high-quality feedstuff for ruminants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hempseed cake on milk production and quality, as well as haemato-chemical parameters in Alpine goats. In total, 28 French Alpine dairy goats were evaluated over 45 days. All goats were fed meadow hay supplemented with 1.2 kg/day feed mixture. The feed mixture in control group contained soybean meal and extruded soybean. In the first experimental group, soybean meal and extruded soybean were partially replaced with 60 g/kg of hempseed cake (HC6). In the second experimental group, soybean meal and extruded soybean were partially replaced with 120 g/kg of hempseed cake (HC12). Feeding goats with HC6 and HC12 did not influence milk yield, although the concentration of milk urea was higher in the HC12 compared to control group. The HC12 decreased the linoleic acid (LA)/linolenic acid (ALA) ratio and glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum. Under the conditions evaluated in this study, the inclusion of HC6 in the diet was optimal with respect to chemical composition of milk and haemato-chemical parameters. Even though HC12 resulted in lowered LA/ALA ratio, which confers functional properties to goat milk, HC12 increased milk urea concentrations, and worsened serum antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ž Klir Šalavardić
- Department for Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, V. Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - J Novoselec
- Department for Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, V. Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - M Đidara
- Department for Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, V. Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Z Steiner
- Department for Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, V. Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - S Ćavar
- Institute of Public Health of the Osijek-Baranja County, F. Krežme 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - A Modić Šabić
- Institute of Public Health of the Osijek-Baranja County, F. Krežme 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Z Antunović
- Department for Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, V. Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Rashnoo M, Rahmati Z, Azarfar A, Fadayifar A. The effects of maternal supplementation of selenium and iodine via slow-release blouses in late pregnancy on milk production of goats and performance of their kids. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1761269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Rashnoo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Zaman Rahmati
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Arash Azarfar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir Fadayifar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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13
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Zamuner F, DiGiacomo K, Cameron AWN, Leury BJ. Endocrine and metabolic status of commercial dairy goats during the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5616-5628. [PMID: 32229111 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal variations in circulating levels of selected hormones and metabolites in commercial dairy goats during the transition period. Blood samples from 940 goats were collected weekly, from -3 to 3 wk relative to delivery, to measure the effects of level of milk production, parity number, and litter size on concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), fatty acids, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). A subset of 80 goats [40 low-yielding (LY, < 1.8 L/d) and 40 high-yielding goats (HY, > 3.7 L/d)] were selected from the study population to measure the effects of level of milk production on plasma concentration of insulin, prolactin, and growth hormone. Average (±SD) milk yield (from 3 to 30 d in milk), body weight, and body condition score for the study population were 2.4 ± 0.78 L/d, 70 ± 16.0 kg, and 2.5 ± 0.28 units, respectively. Milk yield was moderately correlated with parity number (r = 0.49) but had weak correlation with litter size (r = 0.14). In multiparous but not in primiparous goats, antepartum concentrations of fatty acids and BHB increased with increasing litter size. Concentrations of fatty acids, BHB, and PUN were consistently lower in primiparous goats compared with those in second or greater parity. Postpartum, HY goats had higher ratios of glucose, fatty acids, and BHB to insulin than did LY goats, which might explain the greater mobilization of body tissues and enhanced milk production observed in this group. Collectively, our results indicate that increased milk yield has the most significant influence on the magnitude of body tissue mobilization. Our results also show that goats of higher parity display higher levels of lipid mobilization, and that both pregnancy and lactation are less able to elicit lipomobilization in primiparous compared with multiparous goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zamuner
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - K DiGiacomo
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A W N Cameron
- Meredith Dairy Pty Ltd., 106 Cameron Rd, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia
| | - B J Leury
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Variations in serum metabolites in response to season, cyclicity, and pregnancy in estrus-synchronized Damascus goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1519-1525. [PMID: 31741309 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study was carried out to determine the changes in serum electrolytes, liver enzymes, and hormones during breeding and non-breeding seasons in estrus-synchronized goats. Forty goats (n = 40) were synchronized by inserting the sponges intravaginally for 12 days; PMSG and PGF2α were injected on day of sponge removal. Blood samples were collected from the goats at the time of sponges insertion (day -12), estrus day (day 0), and at 15 day after sponge withdrawal (day 15). The blood samples were analyzed for glucose, cholesterol (CHO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and progesterone (P4), calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO4), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl) levels. Repeated measurements ANOVA of general linear model were used as statistical model. The results showed that seasons have an effect (p < 0.05) on glucose, Ca, Na, K, Cl, CHO, T3, and T4 levels. There was an effect (p < 0.05) of cyclicity only on P4 level. Whereas, nonpregnant, or goats carrying singlet and twin fetuses have shown variation (p < 0.05) in glucose, Ca, and P4 levels. Although, the correlations existed between different serum metabolites but strong correlations (p < 0.05) were observed either between Ca and Na or T3 and T4. In conclusion, the serum electrolytes and liver enzymes are correlated with hormones during the different seasons, pregnancy status, and fecundity. In recommendation, the results of the study could be as managemental tool to monitor the reproductive activity across seasons and to maintain pregnancy carrying twining in goat breeds.
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