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Ye C, Yang C, Zhang H, Gao R, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Jie L, Zhang Y, Cheng T, Wang Y, Ren J. Canonical Wnt signaling directs the generation of functional human PSC-derived atrioventricular canal cardiomyocytes in bioprinted cardiac tissues. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:398-409.e5. [PMID: 38366588 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The creation of a functional 3D bioprinted human heart remains challenging, largely due to the lack of some crucial cardiac cell types, including the atrioventricular canal (AVC) cardiomyocytes, which are essential to slow down the electrical impulse between the atrium and ventricle. By utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and a 3D bioprinting technology, we discover that stage-specific activation of canonical Wnt signaling creates functional AVC cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. These cardiomyocytes display morphological characteristics and express molecular markers of AVC cardiomyocytes, including transcription factors TBX2 and MSX2. When bioprinted in prefabricated cardiac tissues, these cardiomyocytes successfully delay the electrical impulse, demonstrating their capability of functioning as the AVC cardiomyocytes in vitro. Thus, these findings not only identify canonical Wnt signaling as a key regulator of the AVC cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro, but, more importantly, provide a critical cellular source for the biofabrication of a functional human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Ye
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Chuanlai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Heqiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Yingnan Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lingjun Jie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361006, Fujian, China.
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Depes D, Mennander A, Paavonen T, Sheppard MN, Kholová I. Detailed study of collagen, vasculature, and innervation in the human cardiac conduction system. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 69:107603. [PMID: 38104850 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiac conduction system (CCS) creates and propagates electrical signals generating the heartbeat. This study aimed to assess the collagen content, vasculature, and innervation in the human sinoatrial and atrioventricular CCS, and surrounding tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten sinoatrial and 17 atrioventricular CCS samples were collected from 17 adult human autopsied hearts. Masson trichrome stain was used to examine collagen, cardiomyocytes, and fat proportions. Immunohistochemically, vessels and lymphatics were studied by CD31 (pan-endothelial marker) and D2-40 (lymphatic endothelium marker) antibodies. General nerve densities were assessed by S100, while sympathetic nerves were studied using tyrosine hydroxylase, parasympathetic nerves with choline acetyltransferase, and GAP43 (neural growth marker) antibodies looked at these components. All components were quantified with QuPath software (Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland). RESULTS Interstitial collagen was more than two times higher in the sinoatrial vs. atrioventricular CCS (55% vs. 22%). The fat content was 6.3% in the sinoatrial CCS and 6.5% in the atrioventricular CCS. The lymphatic vessel density was increased in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular CCS compared to the surrounding tissue and was lower in the sinoatrial vs. atrioventricular CCS (P=.043). The overall vasculature density did not differ between the SA and AV CCS. The overall innervation and neural growth densities were significantly increased in the CCS compared to the surrounding tissue. The overall innervation was higher in the atrial vs. ventricular CCS (P=.018). The neural growth was higher in the atrial vs. ventricular CCS (P=.018). The sympathetic neural supply was dominant in all the studied regions with the highest density in the sinoatrial CCS. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into the unique morphology of the human CCS collagen, fat, vasculature, and innervation. A deeper understanding of the CCS anatomical components and morphologic substrates' role will help in elucidating the causes of cardiac arrhythmias and provide a basis for further therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Depes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ari Mennander
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tampere University Heart Hospital, Elämänaukio 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Paavonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Arvo Ylpön katu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mary N Sheppard
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Kholová
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Arvo Ylpön katu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
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Arshad A, Atkinson AJ. A 21st century view of the anaotmy of the cardiac conduction system. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2022.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Liao J, Li Q, Lei C, Yu W, Deng J, Guo J, Han Q, Hu L, Li Y, Pan J, Zhang H, Chang YF, Tang Z. Toxic effects of copper on the jejunum and colon of pigs: mechanisms related to gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation influenced by the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:9642-9657. [PMID: 34664585 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace mineral, but its excessive intake can lead to potentially toxic effects on host physiology. The mammalian intestine harbors various microorganisms that are associated with intestinal barrier function and inflammation. In this study, the influences of Cu on barrier function, microbiota, and its metabolites were examined in the jejunum and colon of pigs. Here, we identified that the physical and chemical barrier functions were impaired both in the jejunum and colon, as evidenced by the decreased expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, and JAM-1) and mucous secretion-related genes, positive rate of Muc2, and secretion of SIgA and SIgG. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines were overexpressed in the jejunum and colon. Furthermore, Cu might increase the abundances of Mycoplasma, Actinobacillus and unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae in the jejunum, which significantly affected pentose and glucoronate interconversions, histidine metabolism, folate biosynthesis, porphyrin metabolism, and purine metabolism. Meanwhile, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Methanobrevibacter were remarkably decreased and Streptococcus, unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae, and unidentified_Muribaculaceae were significantly increased in the colon, with an evident impact on glycerophospholipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. These findings revealed that excess Cu had significant effects on the microbiota and metabolites in the jejunum and colon, which were involved in intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Quanwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Chaiqin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Jichang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Rodríguez-López JL, Silva-Pereyra HG, Labrada-Delgado GJ, Pérez-Guillé B, Soriano-Rosales RE, Jiménez-Bravo Luna MA, Brito-Aguilar R, Mukherjee PS, Gayosso-Chávez C, Delgado-Chávez R. Environmental Fe, Ti, Al, Cu, Hg, Bi, and Si Nanoparticles in the Atrioventricular Conduction Axis and the Associated Ultrastructural Damage in Young Urbanites: Cardiac Arrhythmias Caused by Anthropogenic, Industrial, E-Waste, and Indoor Nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8203-8214. [PMID: 34081443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is a risk factor for arrhythmia. The atrioventricular (AV) conduction axis is key for the passage of electrical signals to ventricles. We investigated whether environmental nanoparticles (NPs) reach the AV axis and whether they are associated with ultrastructural cell damage. Here, we demonstrate the detection of the shape, size, and composition of NPs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 10 subjects from Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) with a mean age of 25.3 ± 5.9 and a 71-year-old subject without cardiac pathology. We found that in every case, Fe, Ti, Al, Hg, Cu, Bi, and/or Si spherical or acicular NPs with a mean size of 36 ± 17 nm were present in the AV axis in situ, freely and as conglomerates, within the mitochondria, sarcomeres, lysosomes, lipofuscin, and/or intercalated disks and gap junctions of Purkinje and transitional cells, telocytes, macrophages, endothelium, and adjacent atrial and ventricular fibers. Erythrocytes were found to transfer NPs to the endothelium. Purkinje fibers with increased lysosomal activity and totally disordered myofilaments and fragmented Z-disks exhibited NP conglomerates in association with gap junctions and intercalated disks. AV conduction axis pathology caused by environmental NPs is a plausible and modifiable risk factor for understanding common arrhythmias and reentrant tachycardia. Anthropogenic, industrial, e-waste, and indoor NPs reach pacemaker regions, thereby increasing potential mechanisms that disrupt the electrical impulse pathways of the heart. The cardiotoxic, oxidative, and abnormal electric performance effects of NPs in pacemaker locations warrant extensive research. Cardiac arrhythmias associated with nanoparticle effects could be preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, 287 Skaggs Building, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Universidad del Valle de México, Ciudad de México 14370, México
| | | | | | | | - Hector G Silva-Pereyra
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí 78216, México
| | - Gladis J Labrada-Delgado
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí 78216, México
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Curcumin can prevent the loss of sinoatrial node cells in methionine-treated rats: A stereological study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3448-3452. [PMID: 34121883 PMCID: PMC8176086 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine (MET) rich diets, smoking, coffee and alcohol consumption, low physical activity, and aging are related to high plasma concentrations of homocysteine, which can jeopardize the heart health. Although hyperhomocysteinemia has been considered a recognized risk factor for cardiac dysrhythmia, the structural changes of the conductive system, including Sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart involved in the disorder, have not been completely clarified. Curcumin is the main component of turmeric and has shown some cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin on the structural changes of the SA node in L-MET-treated rats. These alterations were evaluated by means of stereological techniques, namely cavalieri principle for volume estimation and optical disector counting technique for cell counting. Both techniques used two-dimensional images for obtaining three-dimensional parameters. The rats were divided into four groups, including control, MET-treated (1 g/kg/day), curcumin-treated, (100 mg/kg/day), and MET + curcumin. The treatments were performed for 28 days. On the final day, SA nodes were dissected out for stereological investigation. Compared to the control rats, the volume of SA node, total volume of grape-like cell clusters, and number of SA node cells were respectively decreased by 42%, 34%, and 37% in the MET-treated group (p < 0.04). However, collagen density remained constant in all the study groups. Furthermore, treatment with curcumin could protect the SA node from cellular decline in the MET + curcumin group (p < 0.01). It can be concluded that curcumin could prevent the structural changes of the SA node in the rats treated with methionine.
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