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Yazlık MO, Mutluer İ, Kaya U, Özkan H, Müştak İB, Çolakoğlu HE, Altınbaş YF, Vural MR. The role of nutritional-immunological indices in estimating serum LPS and antioxidant enzyme activity and sepsis status in female dogs with pyometra caused by E. coli. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 255:107276. [PMID: 37300916 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to diagnose pyometra and related sepsis status using cost-effective nutritional-immunological indices, antioxidants, and toxin levels in dogs and to investigate the utility of the indices in predicting toxin and antioxidant status. A total of 29 dogs were enrolled into the present study. Among these, 9 female dogs in their diestrus stages, were allocated for elective ovariohysterectomy. The pyometra group was also separated into two subgroups as Sepsis (+) and Sepsis (-). Blood samples were collected into two tubes containing EDTA for hematological analysis; without anticoagulant for serum progesterone, LPS concentration, and antioxidant levels at the time of diagnosis. Bacteriological and tissue samples of the uterus were collected after the ovariohysterectomy. Antioxidant activity, progesterone, and toxin concentration were determined by using commercial ELISA kits. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 16.1 and MedCalc 16 statistical software. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used for the threshold for evaluating pyometra and sepsis status. Pairwise comparisons were carried out of the area under the curve (AUC) for thresholds of nutritional immunologic indices (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP) score; prognostic nutritional index (PNI); Albumin hemoglobin index (AHI)), serum LPS and antioxidant activity. Linear regression model was used for the estimation of serum LPS and antioxidant activity by using indices. Mean serum progesterone, LPS concentrations, and Nitric Oxide (NO) production were greater, while serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), tissue SOD, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were lower in dogs with pyometra. All nutritional-immunologic indices were lower in pyometra cases. Nutritional-immunologic indices (AUC of HALP:0.759; PNI:0.981; AHI 0.994), NO (AUC: 0.787) and SOD (AUC: 0.784) levels were useful for pyometra diagnosis. AHI and LPS were useful for the determination of sepsis status with the AUC values of 0.850 and 0.740, respectively. While AHI was useful for the estimation of serum LPS and NO concentration (p < 0.001), PNI was useful for serum SOD concentration (p = 0.003). In conclusion, PNI, HALP and AHI can be used in the diagnosis of pyometra, however, only AHI and LPS levels can be used in the diagnosis of sepsis. SOD and NO can be used to determine pyometra but have no effect on determining sepsis status. Additionally, the estimation of the levels of serum LPS, NO, and SOD activities can be done using the AHI and PNI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Onur Yazlık
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06110 Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - İpek Mutluer
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06110 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, 31060 Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, 31060 Hatay, Turkiye
| | - İnci Başak Müştak
- Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Microbiology, 06110 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Hatice Esra Çolakoğlu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06110 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Yunus Furkan Altınbaş
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06110 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Rıfat Vural
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06110 Ankara, Turkiye.
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Sang X, Wang Q, Ning Y, Wang H, Zhang R, Li Y, Fang B, Lv C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Ren F. Age-Related Mucus Barrier Dysfunction in Mice Is Related to the Changes in Muc2 Mucin in the Colon. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081830. [PMID: 37111049 PMCID: PMC10145456 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, the protective function of mucus barrier is significantly reduced among which changes in colonic mucus barrier function received the most attention. Additionally, the incidence of colon-related diseases increases significantly in adulthood, posing a threat to the health of the elderly. However, the specific changes in colonic mucus barrier with aging and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. To understand the effects of aging on the colonic mucus barrier, changes in the colonic mucus layer were evaluated in mice aged 2, 12, 18, and 24 months. Microbial invasion, thickness, and structure of colonic mucus in mice at different months of age were analyzed by in situ hybridization fluorescence staining, AB/PAS staining, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the aged colon exhibited intestinal mucus barrier dys-function and altered mucus properties. During aging, microorganisms invaded the mucus layer to reach epithelial cells. Compared with young mice, the thickness of mucus layer in aged mice in-creased by 11.66 μm. And the contents of the main components and glycosylation structure of colon changed. Among them, the proportion of goblet cells decreased significantly in older mice, and the expression of spdef genes that regulate goblet cell differentiation decreased. Further, the expression of key enzymes involved in mucin core structure formation and glycan modification also changed with aging. The expression of core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GalT1) which is the key enzyme forming the main core structure increased by one time, while core 2 β1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) and core 3 β1,3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C3GnT) decreased 2 to 6- and 2-fold, respectively. Also, the expression of sialyltransferase, one of the mucin-glycan modifying enzymes, was decreased by 1-fold. Overall, our results indicate that the goblet cells/glycosyltransferase/O-glycan axis plays an important role in maintaining the physicochemical properties of colonic mucus and the stability of intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Sang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yueyan Ning
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
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Li X, Sun R, Liu Q, Gong Y, Ou Y, Qi Q, Xie Y, Wang X, Hu C, Jiang S, Zhao G, Wei L. Effects of dietary supplementation with dandelion tannins or soybean isoflavones on growth performance, antioxidant function, intestinal morphology, and microbiota composition in Wenchang chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1073659. [PMID: 36686185 PMCID: PMC9846561 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many benefits have been found in supplementing tannins or soybean isoflavones to poultry, including increased body weight gain, antioxidant activity, and better intestinal morphology. However, few studies tested the influence of dandelion tannins or soybean isoflavones supplementation on Wenchang chickens. This study investigates the effects of dietary supplementation with dandelion tannins or soybean isoflavones on the growth performance, antioxidant function, and intestinal health of female Wenchang chickens. A total of 300 chickens were randomly divided into five groups, with six replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The chickens in the control group (Con) were fed a basal diet; the four experimental groups were fed a basal diet with different supplements: 300 mg/kg of dandelion tannin (DT1), 500 mg/kg of dandelion tannin (DT2), 300 mg/kg of soybean isoflavone (SI1), or 500 mg/kg of soybean isoflavone (SI2). The experiment lasted 40 days. The results showed that the final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were higher in the DT2 and SI1 groups than in the Con group (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with dandelion tannin or soybean isoflavone increased the level of serum albumin (P <0.05); the concentrations of serum aspartate aminotransferase and glucose were significantly higher in the SI1 group (P < 0.05) than in the Con group and the concentration of triglycerides in the DT1 group (P < 0.05). The serum catalase (CAT) level was higher in the DT1 and SI1 groups than in the Con group (P < 0.05). The ileum pH value was lower in the DT2 or SI1 group than in the Con group (P < 0.05). The jejunum villus height and mucosal muscularis thickness were increased in the DT2 and SI1 groups (P < 0.05), whereas the jejunum crypt depth was decreased in the DT1 or DT2 group compared to the Con group (P < 0.05). In addition, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) in the duodenum of the SI1 group and those of occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in the ileum of the DT2 and SI1 groups were upregulated (P < 0.05) compared to the Con group. Moreover, the DT2 and SI1 groups exhibited reduced intestinal microbiota diversity relative to the Con group, as evidenced by decreased Simpson and Shannon indexes. Compared to the Con group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was lower and that of Barnesiella was higher in the DT2 group (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg of dandelion tannin or 300 mg/kg of soybean isoflavone improved the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant function, and intestinal morphology and modulated the cecal microbiota composition of Wenchang chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ruiping Sun
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Quanwei Liu
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center), Sanya, China
| | - Yuanfang Gong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yangkun Ou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yali Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Hainan (Tanniu) Wenchang Chicken Co., Ltd., Haikou, China
| | - Chenjun Hu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center), Sanya, China,Guiping Zhao ✉
| | - Limin Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Research, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Research, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China,Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center), Sanya, China,*Correspondence: Limin Wei ✉
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Gastrointestinal consequences of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:57-74. [PMID: 36322182 PMCID: PMC9628607 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory inflammation is the body's response to lung infection, trauma or hypersensitivity and is often accompanied by comorbidities, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Why respiratory inflammation is accompanied by GI dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation on intestinal barrier integrity, tight-junctions, enteric neurons and inflammatory marker expression. METHODS Female C57bl/6 mice (6-8 weeks) were intratracheally administered LPS (5 µg) or sterile saline, and assessed after either 24 or 72 h. Total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were used to evaluate lung inflammation. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed via cross sectional immunohistochemistry of tight junction markers claudin-1, claudin-4 and EpCAM. Changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and inflammation in the intestine were quantified immunohistochemically using neuronal markers Hu + and nNOS, glial markers GFAP and S100β and pan leukocyte marker CD45. RESULTS Intratracheal LPS significantly increased the number of neutrophils in BALF at 24 and 72 h. These changes were associated with an increase in CD45 + cells in the ileal mucosa at 24 and 72 h, increased goblet cell expression at 24 h, and increased expression of EpCAM at 72 h. LPS had no effect on the expression of GFAP, S100β, nor the number of Hu + neurons or proportion of nNOS neurons in the myenteric plexus. CONCLUSIONS Intratracheal LPS administration induces inflammation in the ileum that is associated with enhanced expression of EpCAM, decreased claudin-4 expression and increased goblet cell density, these changes may contribute to systemic inflammation that is known to accompany many inflammatory diseases of the lung.
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Li Q, Hung I, Bai K, Wang T. Maternal nucleotide supplementation improves the intestinal morphology and immune function in lipopolysaccharide-challenged newborn piglets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1043842. [PMID: 36387380 PMCID: PMC9643262 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1043842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal nucleotide (NT) supplementation on intestinal morphology and immune function in lipopolysaccharide-challenged newborn piglets. At 85 d gestation, 12 sows were selected and assigned to two groups: the CON group (basal diet, n = 6) and the NT group (basal diet with 1 g/kg NT mixture, n = 6). After parturition, newborn piglets were collected without suckling. Piglets from the CON group were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg body weight), and divided into the C-CON (n = 6) and C-LPS groups (n = 6). Piglets from the NT group received the same treatment and were divided into the N-CON (n = 6) and N-LPS groups (n = 6). The blood and small intestinal samples of piglets were collected 1 h after injection. The results showed that: (1) maternal NT supplementation increased the concentrations of serum complement C3 and C4 (P < 0.05), and suppressed the increase in serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein in LPS-challenged newborn piglets (P < 0.05); (2) maternal NT supplementation increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum of newborn piglets (P < 0.05) and inhibited the LPS-induced decrease in the villus height in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). (3) The LPS-induced increased levels of interleukin-6 in the jejunum and tumor necrosis factor-α in the ileum of newborn piglets were suppressed by maternal NT supplementation (P < 0.05). (4) In the jejunum of newborn piglets, maternal NT supplementation inhibited the LPS-induced increase in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05) and the decrease of nuclear factor-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) protein expression (P < 0.05). In the ileum, piglets had a lower nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) mRNA expression in the NT groups than the CON groups (P < 0.05), and maternal NT supplementation suppressed the decrease of IκBα mRNA in LPS-treated piglets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal NT supplementation could promote the intestinal development and immune function of newborn piglets, and may improve LPS-induced intestinal inflammatory responses via the TLR4/IκBα/NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ifen Hung
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Kaiwen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Wang
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Yan D, Qiang Y, Tian T, Lu D, Wu C. The Effect of Endotoxin on the Intestinal Mucus Layer in Non- and Post-pregnancy Mice. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:824170. [PMID: 35224078 PMCID: PMC8866870 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.824170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the most extensive storage organ of bacteria and endotoxins, and the mucosal immune system is the first barrier of the intestine. Mucin-2 (MUC2) is the major component of the mucus layers. In this study, we explored whether MUC2 plays a role in how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) invades the fetus from the gut to the uterus in pregnant mice. The results showed that the LPS levels of the ileum, colon, and uterus were significantly increased, and the content of secretory IgA (sIgA) in the ileum, colon, and uterus tissues was significantly decreased in the LPS(+) group on the 35th day after LPS treatment. On the 16th day of pregnancy, compared with the LPS(-) group, the level of ileum LPS was significantly decreased, and the content of LPS in the fetus was significantly increased in the LPS(+) group. The sIgA content in the fetus was significantly decreased in the uterus and placenta. The expression of MUC2 in the uterus, ileum, and colon was increased significantly in the LPS(+) group, especially in the uterus. It is suggested that endotoxins accumulate in the uterus during non-pregnancy. The high expression of MUC2 in the uterus can prevent LPS from translocating into uterine tissue. After pregnancy, MUC2 still protects uterine tissue, allowing a large amount of LPS to enter the fetal body through blood circulation. Therefore, the level of sIgA significantly decreased, resulting in a decline in fetal innate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujian Yan
- AKS Vocational and Technical College, Aksu, China
| | - Yuyun Qiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dezhang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and modulate the gut microbiota in mice. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230709. [PMID: 35088071 PMCID: PMC8821950 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we study the therapeutic effect of Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids (ASTFs) using a mouse intestinal inflammation model. The inflammation model used in the present study was developed through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of mice. The experimental mice were divided into a control group, model group (10 mg/kg LPS), dexamethasone group (1 mg/kg DEX) and ASTF low-, medium- and high-dosage groups (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, respectively). The morphological and structural changes in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum were observed using HE staining. The number of intestinal goblet cells (GCs) was calculated based on PAS staining. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the related mRNA expression level were measured by RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, p65 and p-p65 were measured using Western blotting. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequences of bacterial taxa were amplified and analyzed to assess changes in the intestinal microbes of LPS-induced mice and also in response to regulation by ASTF. Following intervention with ASTF, different therapeutic effects were shown according to the various dosages tested, all of which resulted in improved intestinal morphology and an increased number of intestinal GCs, while the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and TNF-α and the related mRNA expression level were significantly reduced. The TLR4, MyD88 and p-p65/p-65 protein expression levels were also significantly reduced. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing results show that LPS disrupts the structure of mouse gut microbes, though we observed that normal microbial status can be restored through ASTF intervention.
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Orr B, Sutton K, Christian S, Nash T, Niemann H, Hansen LL, McGrew MJ, Jensen SR, Vervelde L. Novel chicken two-dimensional intestinal model comprising all key epithelial cell types and a mesenchymal sub-layer. Vet Res 2021; 52:142. [PMID: 34819162 PMCID: PMC8611946 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a variety of roles including providing an effective physical barrier and innate immune protection against infection. Two-dimensional models of the intestinal epithelium, 2D enteroids, are a valuable resource to investigate intestinal cell biology and innate immune functions and are suitable for high throughput studies of paracellular transport and epithelial integrity. We have developed a chicken 2D enteroid model that recapitulates all major differentiated cell lineages, including enterocytes, Paneth cells, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and leukocytes, and self-organises into an epithelial and mesenchymal sub-layer. Functional studies demonstrated the 2D enteroids formed a tight cell layer with minimal paracellular flux and a robust epithelial integrity, which was maintained or rescued following damage. The 2D enteroids were also able to demonstrate appropriate innate immune responses following exposure to bacterial endotoxins, from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis. Frozen 2D enteroids cells when thawed were comparable to freshly isolated cells. The chicken 2D enteroids provide a useful ex vivo model to study intestinal cell biology and innate immune function, and have potential uses in screening of nutritional supplements, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Kate Sutton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Sonja Christian
- Novozymes A/S, Animal Health and Nutrition, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tessa Nash
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Helle Niemann
- Novozymes A/S, Animal Health and Nutrition, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Lind Hansen
- Novozymes A/S, Animal Health and Nutrition, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mike J McGrew
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.
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9
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Chen L, Zhang S, Wu S, Ren Z, Liu G, Wu J. Synergistic Protective Effect of Konjac Mannan Oligosaccharides and Bacillus subtilis on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Caco-2 Cell Model and Mice Model of Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696148. [PMID: 34603279 PMCID: PMC8484872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first line of defense against intestinal bacteria and toxins, intestinal epithelial cells are always exposed to bacteria or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas pathogenic bacteria or LPS can cause intestinal epithelial cell damage. Previous studies have shown that konjac mannan oligosaccharides (KMOS) have a positive effect on maintaining intestinal integrity, and Bacillus subtilis (BS) can promote the barrier effect of the intestine. However, it is still unknown whether KMOS and BS have a synergistic protective effect on the intestines. In this study, we used the LPS-induced Caco-2 cell injury model and mouse intestinal injury model to study the synergistic effects of KMOS and BS. Compared with KMOS or BS alone, co-treatment with KMOS and BS significantly enhanced the activity and antioxidant capacity of Caco-2 cell, protected mouse liver and ileum from LPS-induced oxidative damage, and repaired tight junction and mucus barrier damage by up-regulating the expression of Claudin-1, ZO-1 and MUC-2. Our results demonstrate that the combination of KMOS and BS has a synergistic repair effect on inflammatory and oxidative damage of Caco-2 cells and aIIeviates LPS-induced acute intestinal injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Chen
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Wu
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Jiang J, Qi L, Wei Q, Shi F. Maternal stevioside supplementation ameliorates intestinal mucosal damage and modulates gut microbiota in chicken offspring challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Food Funct 2021; 12:6014-6028. [PMID: 34036963 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that dietary stevioside supplementation could alleviate intestinal mucosal damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in broiler chickens. However, it remains unknown whether feeding stevioside to breeder hens could exert similar biological functions in their offspring. The present study aimed to investigate whether maternal dietary stevioside supplementation could prevent LPS-induced intestinal mucosal damage and alteration of gut microbiota in chicken offspring. A total of 120 Jinmao yellow-feathered breeder hens were fed a basal diet (CON) or a 250 mg kg-1 stevioside-supplemented diet (STE) for 5 weeks before collecting their eggs. After hatching, 160 male offspring (80 chickens from each group) were randomly selected and divided into four treatment groups: (1) the offspring of hens fed a basal diet (CON); (2) the offspring of hens fed a stevioside-supplemented diet (STE); (3) the CON group challenged with LPS (LPS); and (4) the STE group challenged with LPS (LSTE). The results showed that maternal stevioside supplementation increased the hatching weight and improved the intestinal morphology. LPS challenge significantly decreased the terminal body weight and the concentrations of serum triglyceride (TG) and glucose (GLU) of the chicken offspring. Maternal stevioside supplementation protected against LPS-induced morphological damage, goblet cell impairment, intestinal apoptosis, and gene expression alteration. In addition, sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that maternal stevioside supplementation could prevent the impairment of bacterial diversity in LPS-challenged chicken offspring. Moreover, the increased abundance of Lactobacillus caused by maternal stevioside supplementation had a significant negative correlation with the expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, maternal stevioside supplementation could ameliorate intestinal mucosal damage and modulate gut microbiota in chicken offspring challenged with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lina Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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11
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Liu Y, Jiang G, Huang X, Li C, Huang X, Zhang X, Lin Q, Liu S, Dai Q. Evaluation of serum antioxidative status, immune status and intestinal condition of Linwu duck challenged by lipopolysaccharide with various dosages and replications. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101199. [PMID: 34116351 PMCID: PMC8193623 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the dosage and replication effects of lipopolysaccharide challenges on the serum oxidative and immune status, and the intestinal morphology and permeability of Linwu ducks at the growing stage. A total of 500 54-day-old Linwu ducks were randomly assigned into 10 treatments, which included a factorial arrangement of 2 levels of LPS challenge replications (1 and 2 times) × 5 levels of lipopolysaccharide challenging dosages (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg). Each treatment consisted of 5 cages and 10 ducks per cage. The results showed significant replication effects of LPS on the body weight gain of ducks, that 2 replicates of LPS challenges significantly decreased the body weight gain than one challenge (P = 0.036). Regarding to the serum oxidative and immune status, dosage effects of lipopolysaccharide were found on the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.034) and immunoglobulin A (P = 0.007), that 0.4 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides significantly increased the levels of these 2 parameters. Additionally, replication effects were found in the serum levels of interlukin 1β, that 2 replicates of LPS challenges significantly increased the interlukin 1β levels comparing to one challenge (P = 0.010). Regarding to the intestinal conditions, dosage effects of lipopolysaccharides were found on the ratio of villus height and crypt depth (P = 0.005) in duodenum, and the wall thickness of duodenum (P = 0.010) and jejunum (P = 0.001), that lipopolysaccharides at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.8 mg/kg significantly deteriorated the intestinal morphologies, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. Moreover, the dosage effects of lipopolysaccharides and the interactions of dosages and replications significantly influenced the permeabilities of the intestinal segments (P < 0.05). It appeared that 2 replicates of lipopolysaccharides at the dosage at 0.4 mg/kg could trigger oxidative and immunological stress, and damage the intestinal morphology and permeability of Linwu ducks at the growing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guitao Jiang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Shengli Liu
- Shandong Lonct Enzymes Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qiuzhong Dai
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
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