FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra and vibrational investigation of 4-chloro-2-fluoro toluene using ab initio HF and DFT (B3LYP/B3PW91) calculations

Two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene-derived Ti3C2-Ti2C-TiO2 materials for improved diclofenac sodium adsorption performance

This paper aims to prepare an adsorbent based on MXene material for adsorbing diclofenac sodium (DCF). In this paper, Ti₃C₂-MXene was prepared by etching Ti₃AlC₂ with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Ti₃C₂ was subjected to a convenient and simple solvothermal treatment. TiO₂ and Ti₂C were formed during the solvothermal process. According to the results of FT-IR and XRD, the formation of TiO₂ and Ti₂C will increase the interlayer spacing of the prepared Ti₃C₂-12 h, thereby improving the adsorption performance of MXenes. The main factors affecting the adsorbent, the maximum adsorption capacity, and the interaction between the two factors were analyzed by single-factor experiment, orthogonal experiment, and response surface analysis. The maximum DCF adsorption capacities of Ti₃C₂ and Ti₃C₂-12 h are 201 mg/g and 395 mg/g, respectively. MXene made from HF can absorb DCF under various pH conditions and maintain a high adsorption rate, which has important applications in environmental protection.

Vibrational, electronic, spectroscopic properties, and NBO analysis of p-xylene, 3,6-difluoro-p-xylene, 3,6-dichloro-p-xylene and 3,6-dibromo-pxylene: DFT study

This study explains the vibration and interaction of p-xylene and effect of three elements (fluorine, chlorine and bromine) of the halogen family substitution on it. Basic chemistry of four, compounds p-xylene (PX); 3,6-diflouro-p-xylene (DFPX); 3,6-dichloro-p-xylene (DCPX) and 3,6-dibromo-p-xylene (DBPX) has been explained extensively using theoretical approach. Vibrational energy distribution analysis (VEDA) software was used to study the potential energy distribution (PED) analysis, bond length, bond angles and dihedral angles of PX, DFPX, DCPX, DBPX after optimization with GAUSSIAN 09 software. The trend in chemical reactivity and stability of the studied compounds was observed to show increasing stability and decreasing reactivity moving from DBPX, DCPX, DFPX to PX and this was obtained from the calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) values. Our results show that PX is the best electron donor (best nucleophile) while DBPX is the best electron acceptor (the best electrophile). We also observed that the substituted halogen increases the value of the bond angles but the effect is reduced as the size of the halogen increases. The maximum intensity and the frequency value for the maximum intensity of the different compounds was determined using the VEDA 04 software. From our natural bond orbital (NBO) 7.0 program analysis, the studied compounds are said to show biological activities as well as the intramolecular hyperconjugative interactions responsible for stabilizing the compounds. The NBO results also revealed that the non-bonding interaction existing between the lone pair electron on the halogen atoms and the aromatic ring increases the stability of the halogen substituted para-xylene molecules. Multiwfn: A Multifunctional Wavefunction Analyzer was used for the spectroscopic plots.

Quantum chemical determination of molecular geometries and spectral investigation of 4-ethoxy-2, 3-difluoro benzamide

The present work reports the application of density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP with various basis sets which provide the relationship between the structural and spectral properties of 4-ethoxy-2, 3-difluoro benzamide (4EDFB). A Complete vibrational analysis has been performed at the density functional theory (DFT) method with various basis sets in the ground state. The results of vibrational wave numbers are in good agreement with the experimental spectra (Infrared and Raman). Energy gap of the molecule is evaluated using frontier molecular orbital energies (HOMO-LUMO). The frontier energy gap value reveals the chemical reactivity and intermolecular charge transfer occur within the molecule. Global chemical descriptors provide the local and global softness and local reactivity parameters used to identify the nucleophilic and electrophilic behavior of a specific site within the compound. The dimer structure is performed to evaluate the intermolecular hydrogen bond (O-H-O). The title molecule is capable of receiving second harmonic generation (SHG) is due to high value of hyperpolarizability indicates the NLO activity of the molecule. Apart from NLO entities, aromaticity and the molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEP) explain the hydrogen bonding and provide the reactive behavior of the molecule. The Mulliken population analysis leads to redistribution of electron density in the ring.

Synthesis, and spectroscopic, thermal and dielectric properties of phosphazene based ionic liquids: OFET application and tribological behavior

Mono(4-fluorobenzyl)cyclotriphosphazene derivatives with (dimethylamino)ethoxy (Pz1a–2a) and (dimethylamino)propoxy (Pz1b–2b) chains and their ionic liquids (PzIL1–PzIL4 and PzIL1a–PzIL4a) were synthesized.

Structural, electronic and optical properties of 2,5-dichloro-p-xylene: experimental and theoretical calculations using DFT method

The vibrational spectra including FT-IR and FT-Raman for 2,5-dichloro-p-xylene (DCPX) have been recorded.

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra, molecular structure and first-order molecular hyperpolarizabilities of a potential antihistaminic drug, cyproheptadine HCl

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (CYP HCl) {4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine hydrochloride} is a first-generation antihistamine with additional anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and local-anesthetic properties. The geometry optimization, Mulliken atomic charges and wavenumber and intensity of the vibrational bands of all of the possible modes of CYP HCl have been calculated using ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) employing the B3LYP functional with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. We have compared the calculated IR and Raman wavenumbers with experimental data. Quantum-chemical calculations of the geometrical structure, energies, and molecular electrostatic potential and NBO analysis of CYP HCl have been performed using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method. The electric dipole moment (μ), static polarizability (α) and the first hyperpolarizability (β) values of the title compound have been computed using HF and DFT methods. The study reveals that the antihistaminic pharmacological property of CYP HCl has a large β value and, hence, may in general have potential applications in the development of non-linear optical materials. The experimental and calculated results for CYP HCl have also been compared with those for mianserin HCl.

Natural bond orbital analysis, electronic structure and vibrational spectral analysis of N-(4-hydroxyl phenyl) acetamide: a density functional theory

The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of N-(4-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide (N4HPA) of painkiller agent were recorded in the region 4000-450 cm(-1) and 4000-50 cm(-1) respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to calculate the optimized geometrical parameter, atomic charges, and vibrational wavenumbers and intensity of the vibrational bands. The computed vibrational wave numbers were compared with the FT-IR and FT-Raman experimental data. The computational calculations at DFT/B3LYP level with 6-31G(d,p), 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. The complete vibrational assignments were performed on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED) of the vibrational modes calculated using Vibrational energy distribution analysis (VEDA 4) program. The oscillator's strength calculated by TD-DFT and N4HPA is approach complement with the experimental findings. The NMR chemical shifts 13C and 1H were recorded and calculated using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and electron density surfaces of the molecule were constructed. The Natural charges and intermolecular contacts have been interpreted using Natural Bond orbital (NBO) analysis the HOMO-LUMO energy gap has been calculated. The thermodynamic properties like entropy, heat capacity and zero vibrational energy have been calculated.

Insilico molecular modeling, docking and spectroscopic [FT-IR/FT-Raman/UV/NMR] analysis of Chlorfenson using computational calculations

In the present work, the recorded FT-IR/FT-Raman spectra of the Chlorfenson (4-Chorophenyl-4-chlorobenzenesulfonate) are analysed. The observed vibrational frequencies are assigned and the computational calculations are carried out by DFT (LSDA, B3LYP and B3PW91) methods with 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets and the corresponding results are investigated with the UV/NMR data. The fluctuation of structure of Chlorobenzenesulfonate due to the substitution of C6H4Cl is investigated. The vibrational sequence pattern of the molecule related to the substitutions is intensely analysed. Moreover, (13)C NMR and (1)H NMR chemical shifts are calculated by using the gage independent atomic orbital (GIAO) technique with HF/B3LYP/B3PW91 methods on same basis set. A study on the electronic properties; absorption wavelengths, excitation energy, dipole moment and frontier molecular orbital energies, are performed by HF and DFT methods. The calculated energy of Kubo gap (HOMO and LUMO) ensures that the charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Besides frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) is executed. NLO properties and Mulliken charges of the Chlorfenson is also calculated and interpreted. Biological properties like the target receptor identification, and Identification of interacting residues, of this compound is identified and analysed by using SWISSMODEL, Castp, Hex and Pdb Sum. By using these properties, the mechanism of action of this compound on ATP Synthase of Tetranychus urticae is found and it is very much useful to develop efficient pesticides having less toxic to the environment.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds part 27. Syntheses, structural characterizations, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and DNA interactions of new phosphazenes bearing secondary amino and pendant (4-fluorobenzyl)spiro groups

A number of partly (7-9) and fully (10a-12d, Scheme 1) substituted mono(4-fluorobenzyl)spiro cyclotriphosphazenes was prepared. The structures of the compounds were determined by MS, FTIR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The crystal structures of 9, 11b and 12b were verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the phosphazenes (10a-12d) against HeLa cervical cancer cell lines was evaluated. Compound 12c was found to be the most effective, as it is a cytotoxic reagent that might activate apoptosis by altering mitochondrial membrane potential. Compounds 10b, 11b and 12b showed very good activity against yeast strains Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans. BamHI and HindIII digestion results demonstrate that the compounds (10a-12a, 10b-12b, 10d-12d), and (9, 10c-12c) bind with G/G and A/A nucleotides, respectively.

Synthesis and characterization of binary and ternary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions based on 4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonic acid

Salicylidene (4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonic acid) Schiff base ligand H(2)L, and its binary and ternary Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes using 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HOqu) and 2-aminopyridine (2-Ampy) as secondary ligands have been synthesised and characterized via elemental analysis, spectral data (IR, (1)H NMR, mass and solid reflectance), molar conductance, magnetic moment, TG-DSC measurements and XRPD analysis. Correlation of all spectroscopic data suggest that H(2)L ligand acts as monoanionic terdentate ligand with ONO sites coordinating to the metal ions via deprotonated phenolic-O, azomethine-N and sulfonate-O while 2-Ampy behaves as a neutral monodentate ligand via amino group-N and 8-HOqu behaves as a monoanionic bidentate ligand through the ring-N and deprotonated phenolic-O. The thermal behavior of these complexes shows that the coordinated water molecules were eliminated from the complexes at relatively higher temperatures than the hydrated water and there are two routes in removal of coordinated water molecules. All complexes have mononuclear structure and the tetrahedral, square planar or an octahedral geometry have been proposed. The ligand and its complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Among the synthesised compounds, the binary and ternary Ni(II) complexes, (2, 8 and 10) and ternary Zn(II) complex, (12) were found to be very effective against Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis than all other complexes with MICs of 2 and 8 μg/mL, respectively.

Novel Aza-resveratrol analogs: synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines

Novel Aza-resveratrol analogs were synthesized, structurally characterized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 and T47D breast cancer cell lines, which exhibited superior inhibitory activity than parent resveratrol compound. The binding mechanism of these compounds with estrogen receptor-α was rationalized by molecular docking studies which indicated additional hydrogen binding interactions and tight binding in the protein cavity. Induction of Beclin-1 protein expression in breast cancer cell lines after treatment with newly synthesized resveratrol analogs indicated inhibition of growth of these cell lines through autophagy. The study highlighted the advantage of introducing the imino-linkage in resveratrol motif in enhancing the anticancer potential of resveratrol suggesting that these analogs can serve as better therapeutic agents against breast cancer and can provide starting point for building more potent analogs in future.

Analysis of vibrational spectra (FT-IR and FT-Raman) and nonlinear optical properties of organic 2-chloro-p-xylene

In this work, the vibrational spectral analysis was carried out by using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy in the range 100-4000cm(-1) and 400-4000cm(-1) respectively, for the title molecule. The molecular structure, fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of the vibrational bands are interpreted with the aid of structure optimizations and normal coordinate force field calculations based on Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) method with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The complete vibrational assignments of wavenumbers were made on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED). The scaled B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) results show the best agreement with the experimental values over the other method. The influences due to the substitution of halogen bond and methyl group were investigated. The results of the calculations are applied to simulate the vibrational spectra of the title compound, which show excellent agreement with observed spectra. The absorption energy and oscillator strength are calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Besides, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and thermodynamic properties were performed. Mulliken charges of the title molecule were also calculated and interpreted. The dipole moment, linear polarizability and first hyperpolarizability values were also computed.

Spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR/FT-Raman) and molecular structure investigation on m-fluoronitrobenzene using hybrid computational calculations

In the present investigation, the FT-IR/FT-Raman spectra of the m-fluoronitrobenzene (m-FNBZ) are recorded. The fundamental frequencies are assigned and the computational calculations are performed by DFT (B3LYP, B3PW91 and MPW1PW91) methods with 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets and the corresponding results are tabulated. The computed values of frequencies are scaled by using suitable factors. The distortion of the structure of the compound due to the substitutions of Fl and NO(2) is investigated. The alternation of the vibrational pattern of the pedestal molecule related to the substitutions is analyzed. A study on the electronic properties; absorption wavelengths, excitation energy, dipole moment and frontier molecular orbital energies, are performed by time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. The electronic structure and the assignment of the absorption bands in the electronic spectra of steady compounds are discussed. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Besides frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was performed. Mulliken charges of the m-FNBZ molecule was also calculated and interpreted. The thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy, and enthalpy) of the title compound at different temperatures were calculated in gas phase.

Experimental (FT-IR, FT-Raman) and theoretical (HF and DFT) investigation and HOMO and LUMO analysis on the structure of p-fluoronitrobenzene

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of p-fluoronitrobenzene (FNO(2)C(6)H(4)) have been recorded in the region 4000-100 cm(-1). In this work, the experimental and theoretical spectra of p-fluoronitrobenzene (p-FNBz) are studied. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies are calculated in the ground state of molecule using ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and DFT (B3LYP and LSDA) methods with 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. The computed values of frequencies are scaled to yield good coherence with observed values by using suitable factor. The complete assignments are performed on the basis of the total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes, calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. The observed and calculated frequencies are found to be in very good agreement. The alteration of vibration bands due to the substitutions at the first and fourth position of the skeletal ring is also investigated from their characteristic region of linked spectrum. A study on the electronic properties, such as absorption wavelengths, excitation energy, dipole moment and frontier molecular orbital energies, are performed by time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. The electronic structure and the assignment of the absorption bands in the electronic spectra of steady compounds are discussed. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures have been calculated in gas phase, revealing the correlations between standard heat capacities (C) standard entropies (S), standard enthalpy changes (H) and temperatures.