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Pathak L, Shah K. Natural colonizers effectively restore heavy metal polluted wasteland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1873-1884. [PMID: 38845357 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2358380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
In India, ∼30% of total land is degraded due to pollution, salinization, and nutrient loss. Change in soil-quality at urban waste-dumping site prior and after cow-dung amendment was compared with control agriculture soil. The soil at waste-dumping site had elevated pH, EC, temperature and lowered OC and NPK concentrations when compared to control. Polymetallic pollution of Cr, Cd, Pb, and Ni beyond permissible limits was obtained. Cow-dung amendment restored soil physicochemical properties at the waste-dumping site, with increasing soil moisture, CEC and OC; however, a slight change in soil bulk-density and heavy-metal concentration post-amendment was noted. The seven natural colonizers present at the waste-dumping site accumulated more metals in roots than shoots. Datura innoxia had maximum bioaccumulation of Cr, Calotropis procera of Cd and Ni and Parthenium hysterophorus of Pb in roots. All these plants had Bioacccumulation factor (BAfroot )>1 and translocation factor (Tf) <1 for Cd and serve as its phytostabilizer except Calotropis procera which had BAfroot >1 and Tf >1 and is identified as a phytoextractor for Cd. Cow-dung amendment alone appeared to be insufficient and additionally the revegetation of natural colonizers is recommended for effective reduction in heavy metal load and improving overall soil health at wasteland. Such eco-restoration may also minimize risks to biodiversity in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pathak
- Environmental Biotechnology Lab, No. 114C, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kavita Shah
- Environmental Biotechnology Lab, No. 114C, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Ullah S, Liu Q, Wang S, Jan AU, Sharif HMA, Ditta A, Wang G, Cheng H. Sources, impacts, factors affecting Cr uptake in plants, and mechanisms behind phytoremediation of Cr-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165726. [PMID: 37495153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is released into the environment through anthropogenic activities and has gained significant attention in the recent decade as environmental pollution. Its contamination has adverse effects on human health and the environment e.g. decreases soil fertility, alters microbial activity, and reduces plant growth. It can occur in different oxidation states, with Cr(VI) being the most toxic form. Cr contamination is a significant environmental and health issue, and phytoremediation offers a promising technology for remediating Cr-contaminated soils. Globally, over 400 hyperaccumulator plant species from 45 families have been identified which have the potential to remediate Cr-contaminated soils through phytoremediation. Phytoremediation can be achieved through various mechanisms, such as phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, phytodegradation, phytostabilization, phytostimulation, and rhizofiltration. Understanding the sources and impacts of Cr contamination, as well as the factors affecting Cr uptake in plants and remediation techniques such as phytoremediation and mechanisms behind it, is crucial for the development of effective phytoremediation strategies. Overall, phytoremediation offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution to the problem of Cr pollution. Further research is needed to identify plant species that are more efficient at accumulating Cr and to optimize phytoremediation methods for specific environmental conditions. With continued research and development, phytoremediation has the potential to become a widely adopted technique for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeeq Ullah
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environment Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523106, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environment Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523106, Guangdong, China
| | - Amin Ullah Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M Adeel Sharif
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environment Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523106, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Das PK, Das BP, Das BK, Dash P. Rhizospheric soil chromium toxicity and its remediation using plant hyperaccumulators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:193-207. [PMID: 37417937 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2231572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The hyper-accumulation of chromium in its hexavalent form is treated as a hazardous soil pollutant at industrial and mining sites. Excessive accumulation of Cr6+ in soil threatens the environmental health and safety of living organisms. Out of two stable forms of chromium, Cr6+ is highly responsible for ecotoxicity. The expression of the high toxicity of Cr6+ at low concentrations in the soil environment indicates its lethality. It is usually released into the soil during various socio-economic activities. Sustainable remediation of Cr6+ contaminated soil is of utmost need and can be carried out by employing suitable plant hyperaccumulators. Alongside the plant's ability to sequester toxic metals like Cr6+, the rhizospheric soil parameters play a significant role in this technique and are mostly overlooked. Here we review the application of a cost-effective and eco-friendly remediation technology at hyperaccumulators rhizosphere to minimize the Cr6+ led soil toxicity. The use of selected plant species along with effective rhizospheric activities has been suggested as a technique to reduce Cr6+ toxicity on soil and its associated biota. This soil rectification approach may prove to be sustainable and advantageous over other possible techniques. Further, it may open up new solutions for soil Cr6+ management at polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Kumar Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bidyut Prava Das
- Department of Botany, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Patitapaban Dash
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Ahmad M, Hussain S, Maqsood MF, Ishfaq M, Shahzad B, Waqas MM, Ali B, Tayyab MN, Ahmad SA, Khan I, Eldin SM. Chromium toxicity, speciation, and remediation strategies in soil-plant interface: A critical review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1081624. [PMID: 36714741 PMCID: PMC9880494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental pollution with chromium (Cr) has gained significant attention. Although chromium (Cr) can exist in a variety of different oxidation states and is a polyvalent element, only trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are found frequently in the natural environment. In the current review, we summarize the biogeochemical procedures that regulate Cr(VI) mobilization, accumulation, bioavailability, toxicity in soils, and probable risks to ecosystem are also highlighted. Plants growing in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils show reduced growth and development with lower agricultural production and quality. Furthermore, Cr(VI) exposure causes oxidative stress due to the production of free radicals which modifies plant morpho-physiological and biochemical processes at tissue and cellular levels. However, plants may develop extensive cellular and physiological defensive mechanisms in response to Cr(VI) toxicity to ensure their survival. To cope with Cr(VI) toxicity, plants either avoid absorbing Cr(VI) from the soil or turn on the detoxifying mechanism, which involves producing antioxidants (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic) for scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, this review also highlights recent knowledge of remediation approaches i.e., bioremediation/phytoremediation, or remediation by using microbes exogenous use of organic amendments (biochar, manure, and compost), and nano-remediation supplements, which significantly remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil/water and lessen possible health and environmental challenges. Future research needs and knowledge gaps are also covered. The review's observations should aid in the development of creative and useful methods for limiting Cr(VI) bioavailability, toxicity and sustainably managing Cr(VI)-polluted soils/water, by clear understanding of mechanistic basis of Cr(VI) toxicity, signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms; hence reducing its hazards to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Amjad Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NFC IEFR, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
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Sun X, Qin L, Wang L, Zhao S, Yu L, Wang M, Chen S. Aging factor and its prediction models of chromium ecotoxicity in soils with various properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157622. [PMID: 35901894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging of pollutants determines bioavailability and toxicity thresholds of environmental pollutants in soil. However, the ecotoxicity of chromium (Cr) rarely considers the effect of aging as well as soil properties. In order to explore the aging characteristics and establish their quantitative relationship with different soil properties, this study selected 7 soils with different properties through exogenous addition of Cr and determined its toxicity on barley root elongation. From 14d to 540d, EC10 and EC50 of barley root elongation ranged from 21.40 to 312.52 (mg·kg-1) and 50.15 to 883.88 (mg·kg-1) respectively. The hormesis appeared in the dose-response curve of acid soil as relative barley root elongation reached >110 % compared with the control. Extended aging time of Cr from 14d to 540d was associated with the attenuation of the toxicity of Cr, as the aging factor increased from 1.26 to 6.09 for EC50, from 0.88 to 4.98 for EC10. The prediction model of AFEC50 and soil properties is lg (AF360d) = 0.306lg Clay+0.026lg CEC + 0.240 (R2 = 0.872, P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that with the extension of aging time, the toxicity of Cr decreased at 360d and reached a slow reaction stage, after that soil OC, Clay and CEC could well explain the aging procedure of Cr (VI). These results are beneficial for risk assessment of Cr contaminated soils and establishment of a soil environmental quality criteria for Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Luyao Qin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuwen Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Shibao Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Bakircioglu Kurtulus Y, Bakircioglu D, Topraksever N. Deep eutectic solvent-based three-liquid-phase-extraction system for one-step separation of Cu, Mg and Zn in water samples. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang B, Zhu S, Li W, Tang Q, Luo H. Effects of chromium stress on the rhizosphere microbial community composition of Cyperus alternifolius. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112253. [PMID: 33933813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants are often used as the main body of soil, and the rhizosphere is a hot spot migration and transformation. Response mechanism to rhizosphere microorganisms on chromium(Cr) stressing could help improve the phytoremediation system. Cyperus alternifolius(CA) is selected as the research object by Cr-stress treatments and uncontaminated treatments with different cultivated pattern, included sole cultivated pattern(CAI), two-cultivated pattern (CAII), three-cultivated pattern (CAIII), and the un-planted blank samples (CK). 16s rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing are performed to measure rhizosphere microbial community. And Five common enzymes in rhizosphere soils were observed: β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), β-1,4-xylosidase (BX), cellobiohydrolase (CBH) and Leucine amino peptidase (LAP) in the rhizosphere. The results show that Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Deltaproteobacteria are top five (63.97%) of the total sequence number. Wetland plants enriched a large amount of soil Cr in themselves, and the rhizosphere microorganisms don't show significant difference in community structure after affecting. 10.48% variation of microbial community is caused by Cr-stress. Acidovorax showed a great potential for chromium resistance. BX involvement in tolerance processes indirectly affects microbial communities (P < 0.01), there is a strong linear relationship between enzyme activity and the plants accumulating Cr and microbial community within 15.58% variant. The material accumulation and microbial quantity of CAIII are relatively low, but high biodiversity remains after affecting. These results provide references for in-depth understanding of rhizosphere microbial response to heavy metal pollution in wetland phytoremediation and interaction between wetland plants and rhizosphere microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichun Wang
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sixi Zhu
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Wujiang Li
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qian Tang
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Burcu Kabak, Arslan Y, Trak D, Kendüzler E. Speciation, Preconcentration and Determination of Inorganic Chromium Species in Spring, Drinking, and Waste Water Samples. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x21010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Hilali N, Mohammadi H, Amine A, Zine N, Errachid A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Monitoring of Chromium. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185153. [PMID: 32917045 PMCID: PMC7570498 DOI: 10.3390/s20185153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of chromium by several industries conducts to the discharge of an immense quantity of its various forms in the environment which affects drastically the ecological and biological lives especially in the case of hexavalent chromium. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are useful devices for chromium determination. In the last five years, several sensors based on the modification of electrode surface by different nanomaterials (fluorine tin oxide, titanium dioxide, carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles and nanocomposite) and biosensors with different biorecognition elements (microbial fuel cell, bacteria, enzyme, DNA) were employed for chromium monitoring. Herein, recent advances related to the use of electrochemical approaches for measurement of trivalent and hexavalent chromium from 2015 to 2020 are reported. A discussion of both chromium species detections and speciation studies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazha Hilali
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia B.P.146, Morocco; (N.H.); (H.M.)
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Claude Bernard Lyon-1, UMR 5280, CNRS, 5 Street of Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; (N.Z.); (A.E.)
| | - Hasna Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia B.P.146, Morocco; (N.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Aziz Amine
- Laboratory of Process Engineering & Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia B.P.146, Morocco; (N.H.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +212-661454198
| | - Nadia Zine
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Claude Bernard Lyon-1, UMR 5280, CNRS, 5 Street of Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; (N.Z.); (A.E.)
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, University of Claude Bernard Lyon-1, UMR 5280, CNRS, 5 Street of Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; (N.Z.); (A.E.)
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Isildak Ö, Özbek O, Gürdere MB. Development of Chromium(III)-selective Potentiometric Sensor by Using Synthesized Pyrazole Derivative as an Ionophore in PVC Matrix and its Applications. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Zhang D, Xu Y, Li X, Wang L, He X, Ma Y, Zou D. The Immobilization Effect of Natural Mineral Materials on Cr(VI) Remediation in Water and Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082832. [PMID: 32326056 PMCID: PMC7215358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of sepiolite, montmorillonite, and attapulgite on the removal and immobilization of Cr(VI) in water and soil were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations showed that the purities of these three mineral materials decreased in the following order: montmorillonite > attapulgite > sepiolite, and that their surface molecular bond types were similar. The adsorption potential of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions of the three mineral materials was in the following order: sepiolite > attapulgite > montmorillonite. The adsorption mechanism for attapulgite was consistent with the Freundlich isotherm adsorption model, whereas that for montmorillonite was more consistent with the Langmuir model. Sepiolite had a good fitting effect for both isothermal adsorption models. For montmorillonite and attapulgite, a lower pH corresponded to a higher removal of Cr(VI). For sepiolite, however, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution was the lowest at a pH of approximately 5.0. The results of the soil toxicity characteristic leaching procedure showed that, following the addition of 15% sepiolite, attapulgite, or montmorillonite to the contaminated soil, Cr(VI) concentrations in the leachates decreased by 16.8%, 18.9%, and 15.9%, respectively, and the total Cr concentrations in the leachates were reduced by 21.2%, 29.2%, and 17.6%. Of the three mineral materials, attapulgite demonstrated the highest Cr(VI) immobilization efficiency in soil. This study emphasizes the effect of attapulgite on the immobilization of Cr(VI) in soil and aqueous solutions, thus providing a theoretical basis for the potential application of natural mineral material remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated aqueous solutions and soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dading Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Yanqiu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaofei Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xuwen He
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (L.W.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-158-1012-8622 (Y.M.); +86-159-1066-5628 (D.Z.)
| | - Dexun Zou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.M); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-158-1012-8622 (Y.M.); +86-159-1066-5628 (D.Z.)
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Usman K, Al Jabri H, Abu-Dieyeh MH, Alsafran MHSA. Comparative Assessment of Toxic Metals Bioaccumulation and the Mechanisms of Chromium (Cr) Tolerance and Uptake in Calotropis procera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:883. [PMID: 32636868 PMCID: PMC7317033 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Progressive pollution due to toxic metals significantly undermines global environmental sustainability efforts. Chromium (Cr) is one of the most dangerous to human health. The use of plants to rid the environment of such pollutants "phytoremediation" proves to be a promising alternative to the current remediation methods. In the present study, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) determined Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb) concentrations in the soil, and plants (Atriplex leucoclada, Calotropis procera, Salsola imbricata, Typha augustifolia, and Phragmites australis) root and shoots. Results showed that compared to other studied metals, Cr concentration was the highest in the soil at 111.8 mg/kg, whereas Cd records the least concentration of 0.04 mg/kg. Cr also accumulated in higher concentration in C. procera than in the soil and other plants, with up to 188.2 and 68.2 mg/kg concentration in the root and shoot, respectively. In order to understand the mechanism of Cr tolerance and uptake in C. procera, germinated seeds were irrigated with 20 mg/kg Cr and control treatment (no Cr applied) for six (6) weeks under greenhouse conditions. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed high Cr complexation and binding to C. procera tissues via hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. Enzymatic assay reveals increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) in Cr treated C. procera than in the control. SOD activity increased by up to six (6) folds. Therefore, we conclude that C. procera is suitable for the phytoremediation of Cr polluted arid soil. Additionally, regulation of cellular homeostasis via redox signaling is essential to the Cr tolerance and detoxification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Usman
- Office of Academic Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hareb Al Jabri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed H. Abu-Dieyeh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed H. S. A. Alsafran
- Office of Academic Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Mohammed H. S. A. Alsafran,
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13
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Cherdchoo W, Nithettham S, Charoenpanich J. Removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater by adsorption onto coffee ground and mixed waste tea. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:758-767. [PMID: 30684773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to recycle mixed waste tea and coffee ground as alternative low-cost adsorbents for Cr(VI) removal. The adsorption parameters optimized were: initial Cr(VI) concentration (10-30 mg L-1), contact time (180 min), adsorbent dose (2.0 g L-1), initial pH (2.0), temperature (30-50 °C), and agitation speed (250 rpm). Freundlich isotherm was found better fitted with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.97 for mixed waste tea and 0.92 for coffee ground) than to Langmuir model (R2 = 0.89 for mixed waste tea and 0.86 for coffee ground) for the 10-250 mg L-1 concentration range. Analysis of kinetic studies indicated that Cr(VI) adsorption by both adsorbents was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a good R2 and Marquardt's present standard deviation (MPSD) values. Experimental data demonstrated a sorption capacity of 94.34 mg g-1 of mixed waste tea and 87.72 mg g-1 of coffee ground. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the noticeable chromium accumulation on the adsorbent surfaces after adsorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies showed that carbon and oxygen functional groups on the surface of both adsorbents involved in Cr(VI) adsorption. The adsorbents could be reused four times. Large-scale operation using 100 L of packed-bed reactor showed the breakthrough time of adsorption for mixed waste tea of 30 min in 100 mg L-1 Cr(VI) concentration. These results suggested that mixed waste tea and coffee ground be considered as alternative adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiraphorn Cherdchoo
- Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - Srisuda Nithettham
- Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand
| | - Jittima Charoenpanich
- Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand.
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Lilli MA, Nikolaidis NP, Karatzas GP, Kalogerakis N. Identifying the controlling mechanism of geogenic origin chromium release in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:169-176. [PMID: 30517900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted to assess the mobility and mechanisms of chromium release from soils obtained from an area of wide spread geogenic contamination. The agricultural soil sample used in this study was taken from the Schimatari area in Asopos River basin in Greece. In order to refine the isolation of minerals contained in the soil, two types of separation analysis were conducted. First, a size fractionation with hydrocyclone and second, a weight fractionation with heavy liquids. The separated fractions were characterized using chemical, mineralogical and surface analysis. The results provided consistent evidence that the heavy fraction of the soil is related directly to the mobile fraction of chromium. At acidic pHs, the clay-sized fraction also plays an additional important role in the mobility of Cr, due to the fact that this fraction has high surface area and chromium reactivity index. In addition, pH-edge leaching studies showed a high correlation between Cr-Ni, Cr-Mn and Cr-Y released from the soil which also suggests that the mobility of chromium is controlled by chromite weathering which is the case observed in Asopos river basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lilli
- Technical University of Crete, Department of Environmental Engineering, University Campus, 73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos P Nikolaidis
- Technical University of Crete, Department of Environmental Engineering, University Campus, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - George P Karatzas
- Technical University of Crete, Department of Environmental Engineering, University Campus, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- Technical University of Crete, Department of Environmental Engineering, University Campus, 73100 Chania, Greece
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Amin H, Ahmed Arain B, Abbasi MS, Amin F, Jahangir TM, Soomro NUA. Evaluation of chromium phyto-toxicity, phyto-tolerance, and phyto-accumulation using biofuel plants for effective phytoremediation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:352-363. [PMID: 30638047 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1524837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of chromium signifies one of the major threats to soil system. Phytoremediation is a promising technique to reclaim metal-contaminated soil using plants which are capable to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals within in their tissues. The experiment reported in this article was carried out with six biofuel plant species, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Glycine max, Avena sativa, Abelmoschus esculentus, Sesamum indicum and Guizotia abyssinica, were subjected to eight Cr concentrations (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg kg-1 soil) to investigate Cr toxicity, tolerance and accumulation. After 12 weeks of experiment, Cr phytotoxicity on morphological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. For six plant species, seed germination and most of growth parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced under high Cr stress. Chlorophyll contents were also decreased with increased Cr concentrations. Accumulation of Cr was higher in roots than shoot in all studied plants. Significant Cr accumulation was in the order of C. tetragonoloba > A. sativa > A. esculentus > S. indicum > G. max > G. abyssinica. Bioconcentration factor, bioaccumulation coefficient, translocation factor and phytoremdiation ratio suggested that C. tetragonoloba, A. sativa and A. esculentus being more tolerant; having higher Cr accumulation and could be a high efficient plants for reclamation of Cr-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Amin
- a Institute of Plant Sciences , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Basir Ahmed Arain
- a Institute of Plant Sciences , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sadiq Abbasi
- b Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology , Nawabshah , Pakistan
| | - Farah Amin
- c National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Taj Muhammad Jahangir
- d Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
| | - Noor-Ul-Ain Soomro
- a Institute of Plant Sciences , University of Sindh , Jamshoro , Pakistan
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Franić M, Galić V. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg: Physiological Implications and Toxicity in Plants. PLANT METALLOMICS AND FUNCTIONAL OMICS 2019:209-251. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19103-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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17
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Mohamed ME, Frag EYZ, Mohamed MA. A newly validated and characterized spectrophotometric method for determination of a three water pollutants metal ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:239-249. [PMID: 28820977 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast and accurate spectrophotometric method had been developed to determine lead (II), chromium (III) and barium (II) ions in pure forms and in spiked water samples using thoron (THO) as a reagent forming colored complexes. It was found that the formed complexes absorbed maximally at 539, 540 and 538nm for Pb(II)-THO, Cr(III)-THO and Ba(II)-THO complexes, respectively. The optimum experimental conditions for these complexes had been studied carefully. Beer's law was obeyed in the range 1-35, 1-70, and 1-45μgmL-1 for Pb (II), Cr(III) and Ba(II) ions with THO reagent, respectively. Different parameters such as linearity, selectivity, recovery, limits of quantification and detection, precision and accuracy were also evaluated in order to validate the proposed method. The results showed that, THO was effective in simultaneous determination of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Ba(III) ions in pure forms and in spiked water samples. Also, the results of the proposed method were compared with that obtained from atomic absorption spectrometry. The isolated solid complexes had been characterized using elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), IR, mass spectrometry and TD-DFT calculations. Their biological activities were investigated against different types of bacteria and fungi organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman Y Z Frag
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
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Shahid M, Shamshad S, Rafiq M, Khalid S, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Dumat C, Rashid MI. Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:513-533. [PMID: 28347915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry of Cr in the soil-plant system. This review traces a plausible link among Cr speciation, bioavailability, phytouptake, phytotoxicity and detoxification based on available data, especially published from 2010 to 2016. Chromium occurs in different chemical forms (primarily as chromite (Cr(III)) and chromate (Cr(VI)) in soil which vary markedly in term of their biogeochemical behavior. Chromium behavior in soil, its soil-plant transfer and accumulation in different plant parts vary with its chemical form, plant type and soil physico-chemical properties. Soil microbial community plays a key role in governing Cr speciation and behavior in soil. Chromium does not have any specific transporter for its uptake by plants and it primarily enters the plants through specific and non-specific channels of essential ions. Chromium accumulates predominantly in plant root tissues with very limited translocation to shoots. Inside plants, Cr provokes numerous deleterious effects to several physiological, morphological, and biochemical processes. Chromium induces phytotoxicity by interfering plant growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, inducing enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, causing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant activities. Plants tolerate Cr toxicity via various defense mechanisms such as complexation by organic ligands, compartmentation into the vacuole, and scavenging ROS via antioxidative enzymes. Consumption of Cr-contaminated-food can cause human health risks by inducing severe clinical conditions. Therefore, there is a dire need to monitor biogeochemical behavior of Cr in soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Saliha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Marina Rafiq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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López-García I, Vicente-Martínez Y, Hernández-Córdoba M. Non-chromatographic speciation of chromium at sub-ppb levels using cloud point extraction in the presence of unmodified silver nanoparticles. Talanta 2015; 132:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Calvo-Pérez A, Domínguez-Renedo O, Alonso-Lomillo MA, Arcos-Martínez MJ. Speciation of chromium using chronoamperometric biosensors based on screen-printed electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 833:15-21. [PMID: 24909769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronoamperometric assays based on tyrosinase and glucose oxidase (GOx) inactivation have been developed for the monitoring of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Tyrosinase was immobilized by crosslinking on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) containing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as electron transfer mediator. The tyrosinase/SPC(TTF)E response to pyrocatechol is inhibited by Cr(III). This process, that is not affected by Cr(VI), allows the determination of Cr(III) with a capability of detection of 2.0±0.2 μM and a reproducibility of 5.5%. GOx modified screen-printed carbon platinised electrodes (SPCPtEs) were developed for the selective determination of Cr(VI) using ferricyanide as redox mediator. The biosensor was able to discriminate two different oxidation states of chromium being able to reject Cr(III) and to detect the toxic species Cr(VI). Chronoamperometric response of the biosensor towards glucose decreases with the presence of Cr(VI), with a capability of detection of 90.5±7.6 nM and a reproducibility of 6.2%. A bipotentiostatic chronoamperometric biosensor was finally developed using a tyrosinase/SPC(TTF)E and a GOx/SPC(Pt)E connected in array mode for the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in spiked tap water and in waste water from a tannery factory samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Calvo-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain.
| | - Olga Domínguez-Renedo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain.
| | - M Asunción Alonso-Lomillo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain.
| | - M Julia Arcos-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos 09001, Spain.
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21
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Wen X, He L, Shi C, Deng Q, Wang J, Zhao X. Application of rapid cloud point extraction method for trace cobalt analysis coupled with spectrophotometric determination. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:452-456. [PMID: 23871970 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the analytical performance of conventional spectrophotometer was improved through the coupling of effective preconcentration method with spectrophotometric determination. Rapidly synergistic cloud point extraction (RS-CPE) was used to pre-concentrate ultra trace cobalt and firstly coupled with spectrophotometric determination. The developed coupling was simple, rapid and efficient. The factors influencing RS-CPE and spectrophotometer were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.6μgL(-1), with sensitivity enhancement factor of 23. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for seven replicate measurements of 50μgL(-1) of cobalt was 4.3%. The recoveries for the spiked samples were in the acceptable range of 93.8-105%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wen
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China.
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Hazer O, Demir D. Speciation of chromium in water samples by solid-phase extraction on a new synthesized adsorbent. ANAL SCI 2013; 29:729-34. [PMID: 23842416 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(1,3-thiazol-2-yl methacrylamide-co-4-vinyl pyridine-co-divinylbenzene) was prepared and used as a sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution. Two forms of chromium showed different exchange capacities at different pH values; Cr(VI) was selectively retained especially at pH 2. The total chromium was determined after the oxidization of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) by potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. Then, Cr(III) was calculated by subtracting the Cr(VI) concentration from the total chromium concentration. The optimum conditions were found for species of Cr(VI) (pH 2; eluent, 4 mol L(-1) NH3; sample flow rates, 2 mL min(-1) and eluent flow rates, 1 mL min(-1) etc.). The adsorption capacity and binding equilibrium constant were calculated to be 80.0 mg g(-1) and 0.018 L mg(-1), respectively. A preconcentration factor of 30 and a three-sigma detection limit of 2.4 μg L(-1) (n = 20) were achieved for Cr(VI) ions. The developed method was applied to stream water and waste water samples. At the same time, the polymer was applied to a certified reference material (CRM) (TMDA-52.3) sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Hazer
- Bozok University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Yozgat, Turkey.
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