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Gemological Characteristics and Origin of the Zhanguohong Agate from Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China: A Combined Microscopic, X-ray Diffraction, and Raman Spectroscopic Study. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Zhanguohong agate from Beipiao (Liaoning province, China), which occurs in the intermediate–felsic volcanic breccias of the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, generally shows massive and banded structures, with red, yellow, and/or white layers or zones. Little research has been done on its mineralogical and gemological characteristics or its genesis. In this study, we present petrographic and spectroscopic constraints on the mineral composition and micro-texture of the silica matrix, as well as the ferruginous inclusions within the agates, in order to deduce the origin of the Zhanguohong agate. According to the microscopic observations, sandwich-like interlayered micro-granular quartz, fibrous chalcedony, and jigsaw quartz bands are common in the banded agates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic analyses revealed that all of the samples were mainly composed of α-quartz and moganite, with minor hematite and goethite. The moganite content (17–54 wt%) of the silica matrix decreases by varying degrees from the outermost to the innermost part of the banded agates. The crystal defects and ferric iron in the microcrystalline silica grains probably contributed to the moganite crystallization. The red, yellow, and orange zones are rich in hematite, goethite, and their mixtures, respectively. The ore-forming fluids fluctuated between acidic and alkaline within a temperature range of 100–200 °C and at a sustained positive Eh. Combined with the field observations, these results suggest that the multiperiod precipitation of the agates probably resulted from the episodic volcanic activity during the Early Cretaceous lithospheric extension in eastern China.
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Abu Zeid ST, Alamoudi RA, Abou Neel EA, Mokeem Saleh AA. Morphological and Spectroscopic Study of an Apatite Layer Induced by Fast-Set Versus Regular-Set EndoSequence Root Repair Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223678. [PMID: 31717256 PMCID: PMC6888519 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the morphology and chemistry of an apatite layer induced by fast-set versus regular-set EndoSequence root repair materials using spectroscopic analysis. Holes of a 4 mm diameter were created in the root canal dentin, which were filled with the test material. Fetal calf serum was used as the incubation medium, and the samples incubated in deionized water were used as controls. The material-surface and material-dentin interfaces were analyzed after 28 days using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction. After incubation in fetal calf serum, both materials formed a uniform layer of calcium phosphate precipitate on their surfaces, with the dentinal interface. This precipitated layer was a combination of hydroxyapatite and calcite or aragonite, and had a high mineral maturity with the regular-set paste. However, its crystallinity index was high with the fast-set putty. Typically, both consistencies (putty and paste) of root repair material have an apatite formation ability when they are incubated in fetal calf serum. This property could be beneficial in improving their sealing ability for root canal dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan T. Abu Zeid
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.A.M.S.)
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5-0952-8971
| | - Ruaa A. Alamoudi
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.A.M.S.)
| | - Ensanya A. Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Abeer A. Mokeem Saleh
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.A.M.S.)
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Raman Spectroscopy Study of Phosphorites Combined with PCA-HCA and OPLS-DA Models. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorite is a nonrenewable strategic resource, a convenient and rapid method of phosphorite grade identification and classification is important to improve phosphate utilization. In this study, Raman spectroscopy has been combined with principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis (PCA-HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models for an investigation of different grade phosphorite samples. Both the PCA-HCA and OPLS-DA models showed that different grade phosphorite samples can be clearly distinguished by statistically analyzing the Raman spectra after smoothing, baseline correction, and first derivation. In addition, the S-line study on the OPLS-DA model clearly demonstrated that the symmetrical stretching vibrational mode of phosphate near 960 cm−1 had a much more significant contribution than other vibrational modes for the differentiation of different grade phosphorite samples.
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Barakat M, Abd El-Gawad E, Gaber MW, Lotfy M, Abd El Ghany A. Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of Oil Shale Deposits in the Cretaceous/Paleogene succession at Quseir Area, Egypt. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM 2019; 28:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Vargas Jentzsch P, Gualpa F, Ramos LA, Ciobotă V. Adulteration of clove essential oil: Detection using a handheld Raman spectrometer. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vargas Jentzsch
- Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería; Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Quito Ecuador
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD; Tumbaco Ecuador
| | | | - Luis A. Ramos
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD; Tumbaco Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias; Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial; Quito Ecuador
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Nevatte RJ, Wueringer BE, Jacob DE, Park JM, Williamson JE. First insights into the function of the sawshark rostrum through examination of rostral tooth microwear. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1582-1602. [PMID: 29034467 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potential roles of the rostrum of sawsharks (Pristiophoridae), including predation and self-defence, were assessed through a variety of inferential methods. Comparison of microwear on the surface of the rostral teeth of sawsharks and sawfishes (Pristidae) show that microwear patterns are alike and suggest that the elongate rostra in these two elasmobranch families are used for a similar purpose (predation). Raman spectroscopy indicates that the rostral teeth of both sawsharks and sawfishes are composed of hydroxyapatite, but differ in their collagen content. Sawfishes possess collagen throughout their rostral teeth whereas collagen is present only in the centre of the rostral teeth of sawsharks, which may relate to differences in ecological use. The ratio of rostrum length to total length in the common sawshark Pristiophorus cirratus was found to be similar to the largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis but not the knifetooth sawfish Anoxypristis cuspidata. Analysis of the stomach contents of P. cirratus indicates that the diet consists of demersal fishes and crustaceans, with shrimp from the family Pandalidae being the most important dietary component. No prey item showed evidence of wounds inflicted by the rostral teeth. In light of the similarities in microwear patterns, rostral tooth chemistry and diet with sawfishes, it is hypothesised that sawsharks use their rostrum in a similar manner for predation (sensing and capturing prey) and possibly for self-defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Nevatte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - B E Wueringer
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
- Sharks and Rays Australia, P. O. Box 575, Bungalow, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - D E Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - J M Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - J E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Vargas Jentzsch P, Ciobotă V, Salinas W, Kampe B, Aponte PM, Rösch P, Popp J, Ramos LA. Distinction of Ecuadorian varieties of fermented cocoa beans using Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2016; 211:274-80. [PMID: 27283632 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is a crop of economic importance. In Ecuador, there are two predominant cocoa varieties: National and CCN-51. The National variety is the most demanded, since its cocoa beans are used to produce the finest chocolates. Raman measurements of fermented, dried and unpeeled cocoa beans were performed using a handheld spectrometer. Samples of the National and CCN-51 varieties were collected from different provinces and studied in this work. For each sample, 25 cocoa beans were considered and each bean was measured at 4 different spots. The most important Raman features of the spectra were assigned and discussed. The spectroscopic data were processed using chemometrics, resulting in a distinction of varieties with 91.8% of total accuracy. Differences in the average Raman spectra of cocoa beans from different sites but within the same variety can be attributed to environmental factors affecting the cocoa beans during the fermentation and drying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vargas Jentzsch
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador; Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, 170525 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Valerian Ciobotă
- Rigaku Analytical Devices, Pasedagplatz 3-4, 13088 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilson Salinas
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador
| | - Bernd Kampe
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Pedro M Aponte
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Campus Cumbayá, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, 170157 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V. (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Luis A Ramos
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador.
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Handheld Raman Spectroscopy for the Distinction of Essential Oils Used in the Cosmetics Industry. COSMETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics2020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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