1
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Loya M, Dolai B, Atta AK. Solvent Controlled Colorimetric and Fluorometric Detection of Fe2+ and Cu2+ Ions by Naphthaldimine-Glucofuranose Conjugate. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:745-758. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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2
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Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Baildya N, Ghosh K. Dehydroabietylamine-decorated imino-phenols: supramolecular gelation and gel phase selective detection of Fe 3+, Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ ions under different experimental conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroabietylamine-linked Schiff bases 1–3 have been synthesized, characterized and employed in metal ion sensing in a sol–gel medium. The compounds have a propensity for gel formation from aqueous organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Nabajyoti Baildya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
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3
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Ghosh S, Baildya N, Ghosh NN, Ghosh K. Naphthalimide-decorated imino-phenol: supramolecular gelation and selective sensing of Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ ions under different experimental conditions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 forms gels in DMF–H2O (1 : 1, v/v) and DMSO–H2O (1 : 1, v/v). While it was insensitive to any metal ion in DMF–H2O, the gel state was responsive to Fe3+ over the other metal ions studied. In CH3CN or aqueous CH3CN compound 1 senses Cu2+ ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| | | | | | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
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4
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Chakraborty S, Ravindran V, Nidheesh PV, Rayalu S. Optical Sensing of Copper and Its Removal by Different Environmental Technologies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Chakraborty
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra India
| | - Vyshakh Ravindran
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra India
| | - P. V. Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra India
| | - Sadhana Rayalu
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra India
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5
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An AIE polymer prepared via aldehyde-hydrazine step polymerization and the application in Cu2+ and S2− detection. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Hazarika SI, Mahata G, Pahari P, Pramanik N, Atta AK. A simple triazole-linked bispyrenyl-based xylofuranose derivative for selective and sensitive fluorometric detection of Cu2+. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Hanif M, Rafiq M, Mustaqeem M, Shaheen MA, Qadri KFI, Qadri I, Saleem M. Intracellular and Extracellular Zinc Detection by Organic Fluorescent Receptor. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191029114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Keeping in view the ever growing demand and application of the organic small
molecules based sensitive and selective fluorescence detection strategies for the trace metallic
ions in the ecosystem, fluids and inside intracellular media, the present literature
survey was focused on the recent development on the organic skeleton based fluorescence
sensor for the zinc ion as Zn2+ is the second most abundant transition metal after iron in
human body. The prominent organic based skeletons introduced during the past three
years for zinc detection including azine, ((Z)-N´-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)furan-2-
carbohydrazide), nicotinohydrazide, hydrazone, phenolic cage, 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(E)-(2-
(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl]phenol, bipyridine, N-(quinoline-8-yl)pyridine-2-
carboxamide, anthracene, Schiff base, salen, helicene, Carbon Quantum Dots (CDs) functionalized
with Calix[4]arene, coumarin, diaminomaleonitrile, peptide, hydroxypyrazole, salicylhydrazide were
discussed in detail with particular focus on ligand-zinc complexation mechanism, UV-visible and fluorescence
investigation, spectral variation, isosbestic emergence, limit of detection, ligand-zinc binding stoichiometry,
association/binding constant and applications for intracellular tracing of metallic contamination via confocal
fluorescence microscopic studies. Among the several discussed optical probes, rhodamine and fluorescein
based material offer appreciable sensitivity, exhibiting drawback of pH sensitivity. Probes based on these
ligands triggered “turn-on” signal even in the absence of metals upon fluctuation in pH e.g., acidic in former
case and basic in the latter case. Hydroxypyrazole-based ligands also showed detection signal variation by
switching the pH of the solution. Schiff base and bipyridyl scaffold were found to possess good ligation toward
the several transition metals. Azole, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, hydrazine carboxamide and hydrazine carbothiomide
are the bioactive molecules exhibiting good cell viability and probes designed by using these central
nucleus might be better to invest for intracellular imaging. Symmetrical heterocyclic cage like probe
showed better chelation toward several transition metals and it is a good choice for the design and development
of sensor for simultaneous detection of several transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Faisalabad, Sub campus layyah-31200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur-6300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mustaqeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-campus Bhakkar-30000, Pakistan
| | | | - Kaneez F. I. Qadri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah , PO Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biologiy, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216 Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-campus Bhakkar-30000, Pakistan
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8
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A novel fluoro-chromogenic Cu 2+ probe for living-cell imaging based on rhodamine 6G-pyridine conjugation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3021-3028. [PMID: 30888466 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluoro-chromogenic rhodamine spirolactam probe (RP) has been prepared through the condensation of rhodamine hydrazine and 2-acetylpyridine, which displayed the detection of Cu2+ with high selectivity over a large number of other common metal ions. It shows a "turn-on" response to paramagnetic Cu2+ with an about 12-fold enhancement, and a color change from colorless to red that is observable by the naked eye. These changes are ascribed to the ring-opening of the spirolactam in RP, and subsequent host-guest coordination. The 2:1 binding stoichiometry of RP to Cu2+ was confirmed by Job's and B-H plots. The resulting fluorescence enhancement can be used to detect Cu2+ at concentrations from 2.0 to 20.0 μM with a limit of detection of 0.21 μM, which was lower than the maximum allowable Cu2+ level set by the WHO. Finally, RP has been utilized to monitor Cu2+ in living cells and natural water. Graphical abstract.
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9
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Mondal A, Roy Chowdhury A, Bhuyan S, Mukhopadhyay SK, Banerjee P. A simple urea-based multianalyte and multichannel chemosensor for the selective detection of F−, Hg2+ and Cu2+ in solution and cells and the extraction of Hg2+ and Cu2+ from real water sources: a logic gate mimic ensemble. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4375-4386. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a hydrazine-based chromogenic, fluorogenic and electrochemical chemosensor BCC [1,5-bis(4-cyanophenyl) carbonohydrazide] was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Mondal
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
- Durgapur 713209
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Samuzal Bhuyan
- Department of Chemistry
- Sikkim University
- Gangtok-737102
- India
| | | | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Group
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
- Durgapur 713209
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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10
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Ratiometric determination of copper(II) using dually emitting Mn(II)-doped ZnS quantum dots as a fluorescent probe. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Naphthaldimine-based simple glucose derivative as a highly selective sensor for colorimetric detection of Cu 2+ ion in aqueous media. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Yang X, Jia Z, Cheng X, Luo N, Choi MMF. Synthesis of N-acetyl-l-cysteine capped Mn:doped CdS quantum dots for quantitative detection of copper ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 199:455-461. [PMID: 29655131 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new assembled copper ions sensor based on the Mn metal-enhanced fluorescence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine protected CdS quantum dots (NAC-Mn:CdS QDs) was developed. The NAC and Mn:CdS QDs nanoparticles were assembled into NAC-Mn:CdS QDs complexes through the formation of CdS and MnS bonds. As compared to NAC capped CdS QDs, higher fluorescence quantum yields of NAC-Mn:CdS QDs was observed, which is attributed to the surface plasmon resonance of Mn metal. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of as-formed complexes weakened in the presence of copper ions. The decrease in fluorescence intensity presented a linear relationship with copper ions concentration in the range from 0.16-3.36μM with a detection limit of 0.041μM . The characterization of as-formed QDs was analyzed by photoluminescence (PL), ultra violet-visible (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) respectively. Furthermore, the recoveries and relative standard deviations of Cu2+ spiked in real water samples for the intra-day and inter-day analyses were 88.20-117.90, 95.20-109.90, 0.80-5.80 and 1.20-3.20%, respectively. Such a metal-enhanced QDs fluorescence system may have promising application in chemical and biological sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China.
| | - Zhihui Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Xiumei Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Na Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Martin M F Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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13
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Wang XY, Yu ZK, Wang JH, Shen J, Lu YM, Shen WX, Lv YY, Sun XY. A water-soluble fluorescence “turn on” chemosensor for Cu 2+ signaling: A combined photophysical and cell imaging study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Tiwari K, Kumar S, Kumar V, Kaur J, Arora S, Mahajan RK. An azine based sensor for selective detection of Cu 2+ ions and its copper complex for sensing of phosphate ions in physiological conditions and in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:16-26. [PMID: 28978490 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple and cost effective unsymmetrical azine based Schiff base, 5-diethylamino-2-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)hydrazonomethyl]-phenol (1) was synthesized which selectively detect Cu2+ ions in the presence of other competitive ions through "naked eye" in physiological conditions (EtOH-buffer (1:1, v/v, HEPES 10mM, pH=7.4)). The presence of Cu2+ induce color change from light yellow green to yellow with the appearance of a new band at 450nm in UV-Vis spectra of Schiff base 1. The fluorescence of Schiff base 1 (10μM) was quenched completely in the presence of 2.7 equiv. of Cu2+ ions. Sub-micromolar limit of detection (LOD=3.4×10-7M), efficient Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV=1.8×105Lmol-1) and strong binding constant (log Kb=5.92) has been determined with the help of fluorescence titration profile. Further, 1-Cu2+ complex was employed for the detection of phosphate ions (PO43-, HPO42- and H2PO4-) at micromolar concentrations in EtOH-buffer of pH7.4 based on fluorescence recovery due to the binding of Cu2+ with phosphate ions. Solubility at low concentration in aqueous medium, longer excitation (406nm) and emission wavelength (537nm), and biocompatibility of Schiff base 1 formulates its use in live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Jeevanjot Kaur
- Department of Botany, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botany, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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15
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Bai X, Zhang X, Gu H, Li F, Huang W, Liang L, Ye Z. Highly selective colorimetric sensing of Cu 2+ using a Schiff base derivative immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01973h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PVA-SH microspheres could selectively detect Cu2+ by visible color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Haixin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research
- College of Resources and Environment
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Lu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| | - Zhengfang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Peking University
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100871
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16
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Saleem M, Rafiq M, Hanif M, Shaheen MA, Seo SY. A Brief Review on Fluorescent Copper Sensor Based on Conjugated Organic Dyes. J Fluoresc 2017; 28:97-165. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Saleh SM, Ali R, Ali IAI. A novel, highly sensitive, selective, reversible and turn-on chemi-sensor based on Schiff base for rapid detection of Cu(II). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 183:225-231. [PMID: 28454075 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel optical fluoro-chemisensor was designed and synthesized for copper (II) ions detection. The sensor film is created by embedded N,N-Bis(2-hydroxo-5-bromobenzyl)ethylenediamine in poly vinyl chloride (PVC) film in presence of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as plasticizer. The receptor Schiff base reveals "off-on" mode with high selectivity, significant sensitivity to Cu(II) ions. The selectivity of optical sensor for Cu(II) ions is the result of chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF). The optimal conditions of pH and response time at which higher efficiency of sensor film is performed was found to be 6.8 and 2.48min. The possible interference of other metal ions in solution was examined in presence of different types of metal ions. This film shows high selectivity and ultra-sensitivity with low detection limit LOD (1.1×10-8M). Thus, these considerable properties make it viable to monitor copper metal ions within very low concentration range (0-15×10-6M Cu(II)) and highly selective even in the presence of different types of metal ions. The sensor reversibility was achieved by utilizing EDTA solution with concentration of 0.1M solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Saleh
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, 43721 Suez, Egypt.
| | - Reham Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43518 Suez, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A I Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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18
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Pazik A, Kamińska B, Skwierawska A, Nakonieczna S, Ossowski T. Synthesis and properties of new N,N′-phenyltetrazole podand. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe synthesis of a new chromogenic N,N′-phenyltetrazole receptor is reported here. The cationbinding properties of this receptor in solution were investigated by naked-eye colour change, electrochemical methods and UV-Vis spectroscopy in various solvents (CH
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19
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Seda SH, Abdel Aziz AA. Synthesis, spectral characterization, antimicrobial, DNA binding and antioxidant studies of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes of novel thiosalen analog N2S2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.6.2.189-198.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Saleem M, Lee KH. Optical sensor: a promising strategy for environmental and biomedical monitoring of ionic species. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we cover the recent developments in fluorogenic and chromogenic sensors for Cu2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Zn2+and Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry
- Kongju National University
- Gongju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kongju National University
- Gongju
- Republic of Korea
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