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Basit A, Andleeb S, Liaqat I, Ashraf N, Ali S, Naseer A, Nazir A, Kiyani F. Characterization of heavy metal-associated bacteria from petroleum-contaminated soil and their resistogram and antibiogram analysis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:975-991. [PMID: 38319458 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to screen and identify heavy metal (chromium, cadmium, and lead) associated bacteria from petroleum-contaminated soil of district Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan to develop ecofriendly technology for contaminated soil remediation. The petroleum-contaminated soil was collected from 99 different localities of district Muzaffarabad and the detection of heavy metals via an atomic absorption spectrometer. The isolation and identification of heavy metals-associated bacteria were done via traditional and molecular methods. Resistogram and antibiogram analysis were also performed using agar well diffusion and agar disc diffusion methods. The isolated bacteria were classified into species, i.e., B. paramycoides, B. albus, B. thuringiensis, B. velezensis, B. anthracis, B. pacificus Burkholderia arboris, Burkholderia reimsis, Burkholderia aenigmatica, and Streptococcus agalactiae. All heavy metals-associated bacteria showed resistance against both high and low concentrations of chromium while sensitive towards high and low concentrations of lead in the range of 3.0 ± 0.0 mm to 13.0 ± 0.0 mm and maximum inhibition was recorded when cadmium was used. Results revealed that some bacteria showed sensitivity towards Sulphonamides, Norfloxacin, Erythromycin, and Tobramycin. It was concluded that chromium-resistant bacteria could be used as a favorable source for chromium remediation from contaminated areas and could be used as a potential microbial filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Chattar Kalass, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Andleeb
- Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Chattar Kalass, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan.
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasra Ashraf
- Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Chattar Kalass, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anum Naseer
- Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Chattar Kalass, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Nazir
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Kiyani
- Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Chattar Kalass, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
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Andleeb S, Naseer A, Liaqat I, Sirajuddin M, Utami M, Alarifi S, Ahamed A, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Assessment of growth, reproduction, and vermi-remediation potentials of Eisenia fetida on heavy metal exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:290. [PMID: 38976075 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a significant environmental concern with detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health, and traditional remediation methods may be costly, energy-intensive, or have limited effectiveness. The current study aims were to investigate the impact of heavy metal toxicity in Eisenia fetida, the growth, reproductive outcomes, and their role in soil remediation. Various concentrations (ranging from 0 to 640 mg per kg of soil) of each heavy metal were incorporated into artificially prepared soil, and vermi-remediation was conducted over a period of 60 days. The study examined the effects of heavy metals on the growth and reproductive capabilities of E. fetida, as well as their impact on the organism through techniques such as FTIR, histology, and comet assay. Atomic absorption spectrometry demonstrated a significant (P < 0.000) reduction in heavy metal concentrations in the soil as a result of E. fetida activity. The order of heavy metal accumulation by E. fetida was found to be Cr > Cd > Pb. Histological analysis revealed a consistent decline in the organism's body condition with increasing concentrations of heavy metals. However, comet assay results indicated that the tested levels of heavy metals did not induce DNA damage in E. fetida. FTIR analysis revealed various functional group peaks, including N-H and O-H groups, CH2 asymmetric stretching, amide I and amide II, C-H bend, carboxylate group, C-H stretch, C-O stretching of sulfoxides, carbohydrates/polysaccharides, disulfide groups, and nitro compounds, with minor shifts indicating the binding or accumulation of heavy metals within E. fetida. Despite heavy metal exposure, no significant detrimental effects were observed, highlighting the potential of E. fetida for sustainable soil remediation. Vermi-remediation with E. fetida represents a novel, sustainable, and cutting-edge technology in environmental cleanup. This study found that E. fetida can serve as a natural and sustainable method for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils, promising a healthier future for soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Andleeb
- Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan.
| | - Anum Naseer
- Microbial Biotechnology and Vermi-Technology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sirajuddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Maisari Utami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, India.
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Naik S, Pradhan U, Karthikeyan P, Begum M, Panda US, Mishra P, Ramana Murthy MV. Heavy metal pollution causes mass mortality of fish in a tropical estuary in the southwestern Bay of Bengal. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106595. [PMID: 38879903 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A massive fish mortality of the major species, viz., Mugil cephalus, Chanos chanos, and Oreochromis mossambicus, occurred on November 27, 2017 in the Adyar estuary. This catastrophe followed a spell of heavy rainfall and flash floods. A detailed study of water quality parameters (pH, water temperature, salinity, total suspended matter, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and nutrients) and heavy metals, i.e., chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in the sediment and fish tissues were analyzed. Pollution indices like the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) were used to measure heavy metals. The pollution indices revealed that metals were significantly enriched in the sediments. The Igeo indicates that there was moderate contamination by Cd (2.27-3.25), whereas CF shows high contamination by Cd (7.22-9.72) and moderate contamination by Pb (2.5-3.25). The PLI (1.04-1.13) suggests that heavy metal contamination of sediments has occurred. Results showed that high concentrations of the toxic metals Pb and Cd were found in the sediment as well as in fish tissues. Length and weight of fish are significantly correlated (r2 = 0.98, p < 0.05). The study revealed that the mass fish kill was due to impulsive changes in the water quality and heavy metal pollution from untreated urban sewage discharges in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Naik
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India.
| | - Umakanta Pradhan
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - P Karthikeyan
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Mehmuna Begum
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Uma Sankar Panda
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Pravakar Mishra
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - M V Ramana Murthy
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
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Islam MS, Nur-E-Alam M, Iqbal MA, Khan MB, Mamun SA, Miah MY, Rasheduzzaman M, Appalasamy S, Salam MA. Spatial distribution of heavy metal abundance at distance gradients of roadside agricultural soil from the busiest highway in Bangladesh: A multi-index integration approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118551. [PMID: 38408626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Bangladesh is currently experiencing significant infrastructural development in road networking system through the construction or reconstruction of multiple roads and highways. Consequently, there is a rise in traffic intensity on roads and highways, along with a significant contamination of adjacent agricultural soils with heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological risk, health risk and the abundance of seven heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Ni) in three distance gradients (0, 300, and 500 m) of agricultural soil along the Dhaka-Chattogram highway. The concentration of heavy metals was measured with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) on a total of 36 soil samples that were taken from 12 different sampling sites. Based on the findings, Cd had a high contamination factor for all distance gradients, whereas Cr had a moderate contamination factor in 67% of the study areas. According to the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Cd, Cr, and Pb were the predominant pollutants. Principal component analysis (PCA) result shows these metals mainly came from anthropogenic sources. The considerable positive correlations between Cu-Pb, Cu-Cd, Pb-Cd, and Cr-Ni all pointed to shared anthropogenic origins. As per Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (PERI) analysis, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni each contribute significantly and pose a moderate threat. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values for all pathways of exposure to Pb and Cr in soils were more than 1, which would pose a significant risk to human health in the following order: THQadult female > THQadult male > THQchildren. This study will help to evaluate the human health risk and develop a better understanding of the heavy metal abundance scenario in the agricultural fields adjacent to this highway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saydul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nur-E-Alam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Anwar Iqbal
- Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Badiuzzaman Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yunus Miah
- Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rasheduzzaman
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - S Appalasamy
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture (IFSSA), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia; Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Abdus Salam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Saleem M, Pierce D, Wang Y, Sens DA, Somji S, Garrett SH. Heavy Metal(oid)s Contamination and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Agricultural Soils. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:634-650. [PMID: 38804290 PMCID: PMC11130943 DOI: 10.3390/jox14020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil pollution caused by heavy metal(oid)s has generated great concern worldwide due to their toxicity, persistence, and bio-accumulation properties. To assess the baseline data, the heavy metal(oid)s, including manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd), were evaluated in surface soil samples collected from the farmlands of Grand Forks County, North Dakota. Samples were digested via acid mixture and analyzed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) analysis to assess the levels, ecological risks, and possible sources. The heavy metal(oid) median levels exhibited the following decreasing trend: Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co > As > Cd > Hg. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested the main lithogenic source for the studied metal(oid)s. Metal(oid) levels in the current investigation, except Mn, are lower than most of the guideline values set by international agencies. The contamination factor (Cf), geo accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) showed considerable contamination, moderate contamination, and significant enrichment, respectively, for As and Cd on median value basis. Ecological risk factor (Er) results exhibited low ecological risk for all studied metal(oid)s except Cd, which showed considerable ecological risk. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) levels indicated low ecological risk to considerable risk. Overall, the results indicate the accumulation of As and Cd in the study area. The high nutrients of the soils potentially affect their accumulation in crops and impact on consumers' health. This drives the impetus for continued environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - David Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Donald A Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Scott H Garrett
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Gogoi BB, Yeasin M, Paul RK, Deka D, Malakar H, Saikia J, Rahman FH, Maiti CS, Sarkar A, Handique JG, Kanrar B, Singh AK, Karak T. Pollution indices of selected metals in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) growing soils of the Upper Assam region divulge a non-trifling menace of National Highway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170737. [PMID: 38340860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the influence of a National Highway (NH) traversing tea estates (TEs) on heavy metal (HM) contamination in the top soils of Upper Assam, India. The dispersion and accumulation of six HMs, viz. cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), within tea-growing soils were assessed using diverse indices: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), modified degree of contamination (MDC), Nemerow pollution index (PINemerow), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk factor (Eri), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The order of HM prevalence was Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd. Elevated Cd levels near the NH prompted immediate attention, while Cd and Zn showed moderate pollution in CF, EF, and RI. The remaining metals posed minimal individual risk (Eri< 40), resulting in an overall contamination range of "nil to shallow," signifying slight contamination from the studied metals. From MDC values for investigated metals, it was found to be "zero to very low degree of contamination" at all locations except the vicinity of NH. Soil pollution, as determined by PLI, indicated unpolluted soils in both districts, yet PINemerow values indicated slight pollution. The statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant decrease in most of the indices of HM as the distance from NH increases. The application of multivariate statistical techniques namely Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis showed the presence of three distinct homogenous groups of distances based on different indices. This investigation underscores NH-associated anthropogenic effects on TE soil quality due to HM deposition, warranting proactive mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyot Bikash Gogoi
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, 786101 Dibrugarh, Assam, India; Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India; Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Diganta Deka
- North Bank Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Thakurbari 784 503, Assam, India
| | - Harisadhan Malakar
- Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara, 785008 Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jiban Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Feroze Hasan Rahman
- ICAR-NBSS and LUP, Regional Center Kolkata, Block DK, Sector II, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - C S Maiti
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | - Animesh Sarkar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | | | - Bappaditya Kanrar
- TLabs, Tea Research Association, Kolkata 700 016, West Bengal, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India.
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Esi OE, Avwiri GO, Sylvanus OA, Onwudiwe DC. Radiometric survey of sediments and health risk assessments from the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26805. [PMID: 38455564 PMCID: PMC10918107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the release of potential radiological components around the oil exploration environment has increased with potential health implications.Yet; the mechanism and health associated assessment have remained fuzzy to most experimental scientists. The current study determines the activity concentration of radionuclides in sediments and the corresponding health risk assessments from the hydrocarbon exploration environment of the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria. A Sodium-iodide NaI(Tl) detector, with a well-calibrated multichannel analyzer (MCA) to ensure efficiency and energy was utilized. A total of seventy-five sediment samples (Five sediment samples each per community) were collected from the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria. The mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U, and 232Th of the sediment samples were 3361.48 ± 194.26 Bqkg-1, 40.11 ± 16.17 Bqkg-1, and 45.73 ± 19.27 Bqkg-1 respectively. The obtained mean values exceeded the world standard limit of 400 Bqkg-1, 35 Bqkg-1, and 30 Bqkg-1 respectively. Also, the computed mean radiological health hazard risk of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iyr), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), absorbed gamma dose rate (D), annual effective dose equivalent outdoor and indoor (AEDE) and lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values are 363.94 ± 32.37 Bkgl-1, 2.9657 Bkgl-1, 0.9839, 1.0919, 175.82 nGyh-1, 2.1556 mSvyr-1, 0.8625 mSvyr-1, and 7.5447 mSvyr-1 respectively. The values were found to be slightly higher than the world standard limit. Therefore, the residents that are using the sediments of the southern coastal area for the construction of buildings as well as dwelling in houses built with such sediments are exposed to these radiological materials. This may pose a radiological health risk concern. The obtained results will serve as radiation and radiological baseline data for sediments of the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory O. Avwiri
- Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Onjefu A. Sylvanus
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Damian C. Onwudiwe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, (Mahikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, (Mahikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Luqman M, Niazi A, Kashif SUR, Arooj F, Aziz ur Rehman S, Awan MUF, Wasim M, Raza F. Metal pollution in the topsoil of lands adjacent to Sahiwal Coal Fired Power Plant (SCFPP) in Sahiwal, Pakistan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298433. [PMID: 38359049 PMCID: PMC10868761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Coal fly ash from a coal fired power plant is a significant anthropogenic source of various heavy metals in surrounding soils. In this study, heavy metal contamination in topsoil around Sahiwal coal fired power plant (SCFPP) was investigated. Within distance of 0-10, 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 km of SCFPP, total 56 soil samples were taken, 14 replicate from each distance along with a background subsurface soil sample beyond 60 km. Soil samples were subjected to heavy metals analysis including Fe, Cu and Pb by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Composite samples for each distance were analyzed for Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, Zn by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Pollution indices of exposed soil including Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were calculated. Ecological risk index ([Formula: see text]) of individual metals and the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) for all metals were determined. Soil samples within 40 km of SCFPP were significantly polluted with Pb (mean 2.81 ppm), Cu (mean 0.93 ppm), and Fe (mean 7.93 ppm) compared to their background values (Pb 0.45, Cu 0.3, and Fe 4.9 ppm). Some individual replicates were highly contaminated where Pb, Fe, and Cu values were as high as 6.10, 35.4 and 2.51 ppm respectively. PLI, Igeo, CF, and EF for metals classified the soil around CFPP as "moderate to high degree of pollution", "uncontaminated to moderately contaminated", "moderate to very high contamination", and "moderate to significant enrichment" respectively with average values for Cu as 2.75, 0.82, 3.09, 4.01; Pb 4.79, 1.56, 6.16, 7.76, and for Fe as 1.20, 0.40, 1.62, 3.35 respectively. Average Ecological Risk Index ([Formula: see text]) of each metal and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) for all metals classified the soils as "low risk soils" in all distances. However, ([Formula: see text]) of Pb at a number of sites in all distances have shown "moderate risk". The linear correlation of physico-chemical parameter (EC, pH, Saturation %) and metals have recorded several differential correlations, however, their collective impact on Pb in 0-10 km, has recorded statistically significant correlation (p-value 0.01). This mix of correlations indicates complex interplay of many factors influencing metal concentrations at different sampling sites. The concentration of As, Cr, Co, Cd, and Zn was found within satisfactory limits and lower than in many parts of the world. Although the topsoil around SCFPP is largely recorded at low risk, for complete assessment of its ecological health, further research considering comprehensive environmental parameters, all important trace metals and variety of input pathways is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aliza Niazi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ur Rehman Kashif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Arooj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aziz ur Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Wasim
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faakhar Raza
- Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Regional Office, Lahore, Pakistan
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Krishnan SJA, Nishanth P, Venkatraman A, Krishnakumar S, Priyadharshini M, Musthafa MS. Investigating radiation profiles and conducting risk assessment for ecological and environmental components on Vaan and Koswari islands in the Tuticorin group of islands, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:139. [PMID: 38206400 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Natural radioactive concentration assessment was conducted on sediment, water, and biota obtained on Vaan and Koswari islands in the Tuticorin group of islands, Tamil Nadu, India. For biotic and abiotic components, radiation profiles such as gross alpha, beta, primordial radionuclide, polonium, and lead analyses were performed. The gross α and β range from BDL to 15.18 ± 1.7 Bq/kg and 40.43 ± 4.9 Bq/kg to 105.12 ± 11.7 Bq/kg, respectively. Primordial radionuclides were analyzed using Nal(TI)-based scintillator with PC-MCA, and the concentrations ranged from 13.43 ± 3.3 Bq/kg to 30.97 ± 9.6 Bq/kg with a mean of 21.31 ± 2.7 Bq/kg for 238U; for 232Th, the values ranged from 11.09 ± 2.6 Bq/kg to 33.55 ± 9.5 Bq/kg with an average value of 23.89 ± 3.7 Bq/kg; and for 40 K, the values are 93.33 ± 27.3 Bq/kg to 219.91 ± 39.6 Bq/kg with an average value of 148.27 ± 21.7 Bq/kg. The present study values are lesser than the world average values. 210Po and 210Pb concentrations with an average value were determined to be 33.13 Bq/L and 16.56 Bq/L, 47.55 Bq/L and 22.37 Bq/L in the water sample, and 50.437 Bq kg1 and 62.012 Bq kg1, 46.99 Bq/kg and 58.625 Bq/kg in sediments of Vaan island and Koswari island. The concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb of Pogonias cromis were 19.27 ± 1.5 Bq/kg and 8.27 ± 1.01 Bq/kg, Belonidae 28.54 ± 2.4 Bq/kg and 18.32 ± 2.3 Bq/kg, Lepisosteidae 18.68 ± 1.4 Bq/kg and 11.17 ± 1.8 Bq/kg. The committed effective dosage was determined to be 35.74-54.61 µSv/y for 210Po and 25.39-56.25 µSv/y for 210Pb, in which the 210Pb value is lower; however, the 210Po value is higher than the global average value. The annual committed effective dosage as well as the radiological hazard indices were assessed and found to be much below the global average and the recommended limit, respectively. This research provides an extensive analysis of natural background radiation and establishes a baseline report on the radiological profile of biotic and abiotic factors in the Tuticorin group of islands, namely Vaan and Koswari, in Tamil Nadu, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Athul Krishnan
- Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariyagiri Kaliyakkavilai, Kanyakumari, 629 153, India
| | - P Nishanth
- Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariyagiri Kaliyakkavilai, Kanyakumari, 629 153, India
| | - Atvr Venkatraman
- Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariyagiri Kaliyakkavilai, Kanyakumari, 629 153, India
| | - S Krishnakumar
- Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariyagiri Kaliyakkavilai, Kanyakumari, 629 153, India
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India.
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10
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Herrera-Calderon AC, Leal L, Suárez-Bautista JD, Manotas-Viloria HS, Muñoz-García A, Franco D, Arenas NE, Vanegas J. Metagenomic and genomic analysis of heavy metal-tolerant and -resistant bacteria in resource islands in a semi-arid zone of the Colombian Caribbean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:5596-5609. [PMID: 38127234 PMCID: PMC10799150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria from resource islands can adapt to different extreme conditions in semi-arid regions. We aimed to determine the potential resistance and tolerance to heavy metals from the bacterial community under the canopy of three resource islands in a semi-arid zone of the Colombian Caribbean. Total DNA was extracted from soil and through a metagenomics approach, we identified genes related to heavy metal tolerance and resistance under the influence of drought and humidity conditions, as well as the presence or absence of vegetation. We characterized the genomes of bacterial isolates cultivated in the presence of four heavy metals. The abundances of genes related to heavy metal resistance and tolerance were favored by soil moisture and the presence of vegetation. We observed a high abundance of resistance genes (60.4%) for Cu, Zn, and Ni, while 39.6% represented tolerance. These genes positively correlated with clay and silt content, and negatively correlated with sand content. Resistance and tolerance were associated with detoxification mechanisms involving oxidoreductase enzymes, metalloproteases, and hydrolases, as well as transmembrane proteins involved in metal transport such as efflux pumps and ion transmembrane transporters. The Bacillus velezensis C3-3 and Cytobacillus gottheilii T106 isolates showed resistance to 5 mM of Cd, Co, Mn, and Ni through detoxification genes associated with ABC pumps, metal transport proteins, ion antiporter proteins, and import systems, among others. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of bacteria from resource islands in bioremediation processes of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie Leal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Diego Franco
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Nelson Enrique Arenas
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Vanegas
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.
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11
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Ateş Ö, Taşpınar K, Yalçın G, Kızılaslan F, Pınar MÖ, Toprak S, Alveroğlu V, Yavuz R, Özen D. Ecological and contamination assessment of soil in the region of coal-fired thermal power plant. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1558-1567. [PMID: 35968823 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal pollution and possible sources of agricultural soils in Tavşanlı district, Which energy power plant is located. Total 83 soil samples were taken and 8 (Cu, Cr, Pb, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) heavy metals were analyzed in soil samples The mean concentration of heavy metals were determined as Cu (32.89 mg kg-1), Cr (285.69 mg kg-1), Co (36.37 mg kg-1), Mn (860.20 mg kg-1), Ni (457.59 mg kg-1), Pb (22.14 mg kg-1), Fe (30,250 mg kg-1) and Zn (65.05 mg kg-1), were determined. The mean concentrations of Cu, Cr Co, Mn and Ni found to be higher than both the upper continental crust values and the European soil mean values. Contamination factor Co (2.1), Cr (3.10) and Ni (9.73), enrichment factor Co (2.73), Cr (3.75) and Ni (11.42) and geoaccumulation index Co (0.18), Cr (0.50) and Ni (1.98) values showed that the soils were polluted by Co, Cr, and Ni. In addition, it was determined that Ni (48.65) poses a "moderate ecological risk" in the study area. Pearson correlation anaysis and principal component analysis determined that Cr, Co and Ni have both lithogenic and anthropogenic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Ateş
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Kadriye Taşpınar
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Gülser Yalçın
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Kızılaslan
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Melis Özge Pınar
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Serdar Toprak
- Aydın Soke Directorate Of Agricultural Production Enterprise, Agricultural Extension And In-Service Traınıng Center, Aydın, Türkiye
| | | | - Ramazan Yavuz
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Didem Özen
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye
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12
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Zeng X, Deng C, Liang Y, Fu J, Zhang S, Ni T. Ecological risk evaluation and sensitivity analysis of heavy metals on soil organisms under human activities in the Tibet Plateau, China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285116. [PMID: 37535614 PMCID: PMC10399888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP), once considered a pristine environment, is now facing increased heavy metal pollution due to human activities, causing unprecedented ecological risks to soil organisms. However, little is known about the sensitivity and tolerance of different soil organisms to heavy metal toxicity in the high-altitude areas of the TP under the background of human activity intensity and future risk control priorities. In this study, we conducted an ecological risk assessment and threshold calculation for 10 heavy metals in soil for typical soil organisms, including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Sb, and Sn, using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method in the zone between Ranwu town and Renlongba glacier on the TP. The results revealed that most sampling sites had average levels of Cd, Sb and Ni exceeding their regional soil environmental background values and were the major contaminants. Impressively, the hitherto undeveloped Renlungba Glacier showed relatively high contamination levels of Sb and Ni. From the view of sensitivity differences, the toxicity risks of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were higher for terrestrial plants than for soil invertebrates based on the fitted heavy metal SSD curve trends. In terms of the ecological risk level, the average potentially affected fraction values of Zn and Ni reached 18.5% and 17.0%, respectively, with significant ecological risk at a few sampling sites. In terms of ecological risk thresholds, the Cd concentration at the 5% hazard concentration (HC5) control level was 0.05 mg/kg, which was the heavy metal with the highest risk in this study. Comparing the HC5 values of each heavy metal with the limit values in the current Chinese soil environmental quality standards, the existing administrative policies as a whole lack a powerful prevention of the potential ecological risk posed by heavy metals to soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zeng
- School of Geography and Ocean Science of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai Deng
- School of Geography and Resources Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanlin Fu
- Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Shaoxuan Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianhua Ni
- School of Geography and Ocean Science of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Aytop H, Koca YK, Şenol S. The importance of using soil series-based geochemical background values when calculating the enrichment factor in agricultural areas. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6215-6230. [PMID: 37278926 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The enrichment factor (EF) is one of the most commonly used indices for determining the source of air, water and soil pollution. However, concerns have been raised about the accuracy of the EF results because the formula leaves the choice of background value to the researcher's discretion. The EF was used in this study to assess the validity of such concerns and to determine heavy metal enrichment in five soil profiles with different parent materials (alluvial, colluvial, and quartzite). Moreover, the upper continental crust (UCC) and specific local background values (sub-horizons) were used as the geochemical backgrounds. When UCC values were applied, the soils were moderately enriched in Cr (2.59), Zn (3.54), Pb (4.50) and Ni (4.69), and significantly enriched in Cu (5.09), Cd (6.54) and As (6.64). Using the sub-horizons of the soil profiles as a background value, it was found that the soils had "moderate enrichment" by As (2.59) and "minimally enrichment" by Cu (0.86), Ni (1.01), Cd (1.11), Zn (1.23), Cr (1.30), and Pb (1.50). As a result, the UCC reported an inaccurate conclusion indicating that soils were 3.84 times more heavily polluted than they were. In addition, the statistical analyses performed in this study (Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis) revealed that the percentage of clay in the soil horizons and the cation exchange capacity had strong positive relationships (r ≥ 0.670, p < 0.05) with certain heavy metals (Al, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd). These findings indicated that sampling from the "lowest horizons" or "parent materials" of the soil series would yield the most accurate results in determining the geochemical background values in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Aytop
- East Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research of Institute, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
| | - Yakup Kenan Koca
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Suat Şenol
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
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Benhamdoun A, Achtak H, Vinti G, Dahbi A. Soil contamination by trace metals and assessment of the risks associated: the dumping site of Safi city (Northwest Morocco). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:941. [PMID: 37436540 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to determine the soil contamination with trace metals within and around the dumpsite of Safi city (Morocco) and to evaluate the potential environmental risk associated. The results showed that the average soil concentrations of trace metals had the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd and exceeded the world and the upper continental background concentrations except for Fe. In addition, the concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd remained beyond the limit standards given by the WHO/FAO. Geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, and pollution load index (PLI) indicated that the dumpsite soil is highly contaminated and deteriorated, presenting evidence of high ecological risk proved by the values of the potential ecological risk index (PERI). Correlation analyses revealed a strong relationship between the organic matter & [Fe, Zn, Cr, Cd], calcium carbonates & [Zn, Cr], and Cr & Cu inside the dumpsite soil. Principal component analysis confirmed the temporal and spatial classification of Zone A as the oldest and Zone C as the youngest and indicated that the regrouped trace metals could have the same behavior and or the same origin. The interpolation of trace metals concentrations and PERI revealed a plausible extension outside the landfill, confirmed by PLI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellali Benhamdoun
- Research Team "Environment and Health", Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco.
| | - Hafid Achtak
- Research Team "Environment and Health", Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco
| | - Giovanni Vinti
- CISS (Cooperazione Internazionale Sud Sud) NGO, 90141, Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdallah Dahbi
- Research Team "Environment and Health", Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco
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15
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Agyeman PC, John K, Kebonye NM, Borůvka L, Vašát R. Combination of enrichment factor and positive matrix factorization in the estimation of potentially toxic element source distribution in agricultural soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2359-2385. [PMID: 35972608 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study intended to assess the level of pollution of potential toxic elements (PTEs) at different soil depths and to evaluate the source contribution in agricultural soil. One hundred and two soil samples were collected for both topsoil (51), and the subsoil (51) and the content of PTEs (Cr, Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, As and Zn) were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The concentrations of Zn and Cd in both soil horizons indicated that the current study levels were higher than the upper continental crust (UCC), world average value (WAV), and European average values (EAV). Nonetheless, the concentration values of PTEs such as Mn and Cu for EAV, As, Cu, Mn, and Pb for UCC, and Pb for WAV were lower than the average values of the corresponding PTEs in this study. The single pollution index, enrichment factor, and ecological risk revealed that the pollution level ranged from low to high. The pollution load index, Nemerow pollution index, and risk index all revealed that pollution levels ranged from low to high. The spatial distribution confirmed that pollution levels varied between the horizons; that is, the subsoil was considered slightly more enriched than the topsoil. Principal component analysis identified the PTE source as geogenic (i.e. for Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr) and anthropogenic (i.e. for Pb, Zn, Cd, and As). PTEs were attributed to various sources using enrichment factor-positive matrix factorization (EF-PMF) and positive matrix factorization (PMF), including geogenic (e.g. rock weathering), fertilizer application, steel industry, industrial sewage irrigation, agrochemicals, and metal works. Both receptor models allotted consistent sources for the PTEs. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to the receptor models (EF-PMF and PMF), and their efficiency was tested and assessed using root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and R2 accuracy indicators. The validation and accuracy assessment of the receptor models revealed that the EF-PMF receptor model output significantly reduces errors compared with the parent model PMF. Based on the marginal error levels in RMSE and MAE, 7 of the 8 PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Zn) analysed performed better under the EF-PMF receptor model. The EF-PMF receptor model optimizes the efficiency level in source apportionment, reducing errors in determining the proportion contribution of PTEs in each factor. The purpose of building a model is to maximize efficiency while minimizing inaccuracy. The marginal error limitation encountered in the parent model PMF was circumvented by EF-PMF. As a result, EF-PMF is feasible and useful for apparently polluted environments, whether farmland, urban land, or peri-urban land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Chapman Agyeman
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kingsley John
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ndiye Michael Kebonye
- Department of Geosciences, Chair of Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr, 19-23, Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence "Machine Learning", University of Tübingen, AI Research Building, Maria-von-Linden-Str. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luboš Borůvka
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Vašát
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Huang F, Chen C. GIS-based approach and multivariate statistical analysis for identifying sources of heavy metals in marine sediments from the coast of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:518. [PMID: 36976384 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hong Kong is an urbanized coastal city which experiences substantially different metal loads from anthropogenic activities. This study was aimed at analyzing the spatial distribution and pollution evaluation of ten selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn, Fe, V) in the coastal sediments of Hong Kong. The distribution of heavy metal pollution in sediments has been analyzed using the geographic information system (GIS) technique, and their pollution degrees, corresponding potential ecological risks and source identifications, have been studied by applying the enrichment factor (EF) analysis, contamination factor (CF) analysis, potential ecological risk index (PEI), and integrated multivariate statistical methods, respectively. Firstly, the GIS technique was used to access the spatial distribution of the heavy metals; the result revealed that pollution trend of these metals was decreased from the inner to the outer coast sites of the studied area. Secondly, combining the EF analysis and CF analysis, we found that the pollution degree of heavy metals followed the order of Cu > Cr > Cd > Zn > Pb > Hg > Ni > Fe > As > V. Thirdly, the PERI calculations showed that Cd, Hg, and Cu were the most potential ecological risk factors compared to other metals. Finally, cluster analysis combined with principal component analysis showed that Cr, Cu, Hg, and Ni might originate from the industrial discharges and shipping activities. V, As, and Fe were mainly derived from the natural origin, whereas Cd, Pb, and Zn were identified from the municipal discharges and industrial wastewater. In conclusion, this work should be helpful in the establishment of strategies for contamination control and optimization of industrial structures in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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Luo N, Yu R, Wen B, Li X, Liu X, Li X. Identifying Anthropogenic Sources of Heavy Metals in Alpine Peatlands over the Past 150 Years: Examples from Typical Peatlands in Altay Mountains, Northwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5013. [PMID: 36981924 PMCID: PMC10048823 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alpine mountain peatlands are valuable archives of climatic and anthropogenic impact. However, the impacts of human activities on the Altay peatlands are poorly documented. Therefore, studying heavy metal (HM) concentrations, evaluating HM pollution levels, and identifying the sources in the Altay Mountain peatlands are crucial for revealing the intensity of human activities. The present study was performed on two peatland profiles: Jiadengyu (JDY) and Heihu (HH). The contents of HM and 210Pb and 137Cs dating technologies were used to construct a profile of anthropogenic pollutant distributions in the peatlands. Furthermore, the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of selected HMs were used to evaluate the risk assessment of HMs. The association of metals and assignment of their probable sources were examined using principal component analysis (PCA) and a positive matrix factorization model (PMF). The results showed that the concentrations of elements Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, and As were at high levels in the two peatlands of the Altay Mountains, while the elements Hg and Cd were in low concentrations. Moreover, the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Hg, and Sb were higher than the background values of local element and posed a high environmental risk to the ecosystem. Combined with the results of the chronology, the peatland records indicated considerable growth in HMs concentrations from 1970 to 1990 related to recent anthropogenic activities. Additionally, the main sources of HMs are mining activities, domestic waste, and traffic sources in the two peatlands. Due to the environmental protection policies implemented since 2010, the natural processes have been the primary origin of HMs in peatlands, while emissions of industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste were still fundamental sources. The results of this study describe the sedimentary features of HMs in alpine mountains, and the data provide an essential theoretical basis for the evolutionary process through the characteristics of HM deposition.
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Sarmah M, Borgohain A, Gogoi BB, Yeasin M, Paul RK, Malakar H, Handique JG, Saikia J, Deka D, Khare P, Karak T. Insights into the effects of tea pruning litter biochar on major micronutrients (Cu, Mn, and Zn) pathway from soil to tea plant: An environmental armour. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:129970. [PMID: 36162303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted from 0 to 360 days to investigate the effect of tea pruning litter biochar (TPLBC) on the accumulation of major micronutrients (copper: Cu, manganese: Mn, and zinc: Zn) in soil, their uptake by tea plant (clone: S.3 A/3) and level of contamination in soil due to TPLBC. To evaluate the level of contamination due to TPLBC, a soil pollution assessment was carried out using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), potential ecological risk factor (PERF), individual contamination factor (ICF), and risk assessment code (RAC). The total content of Cu, Mn, and Zn gradually increased with increasing doses of TPLBC at 0D, and then decreased with time. The fractionation of the three micronutrients in soil changed after the application of TPLBC. The contamination risk assessment of soil for Cu, Mn, and Zn based on the Igeo, EF, CF, PERF,ICF, and RAC suggested that the application of TPLBC does not have any adverse effect on soil. Except for Mn, the bioconcentration and translocation factors were less than one for Cu and Zn. Results from this study revealed that the application of 400 kg TPLBC ha-1 is significantly better than the other treatments for Cu, Mn, and Zn at a 5% level of significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridusmita Sarmah
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam 786101, India; Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Arup Borgohain
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam 786101, India; Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Bidyot Bikash Gogoi
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam 786101, India; Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India; Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, Dibrugarh, Assam 786001, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjit K Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Harisadhan Malakar
- Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Association, Cinnamara, Jorhat, Assam 785008, India
| | | | - Jiban Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Diganta Deka
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam 786101, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Crop Production and Protection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. -CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow 226 015, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam 786101, India.
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19
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Chen S, Wu P, Zha X, Zhou B, Liu J, Long E. Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Sediments Affected by Typical Gold Mining Areas in Southwest China: Accumulation, Sources and Ecological Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1432. [PMID: 36674187 PMCID: PMC9859441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gold mining is associated with serious heavy metal pollution problems. However, the studies on such pollution caused by gold mining in specific geological environments and extraction processes remain insufficient. This study investigated the accumulation, fractions, sources and influencing factors of arsenic and heavy metals in the sediments from a gold mine area in Southwest China and also assessed their pollution and ecological risks. During gold mining, As, Sb, Zn, and Cd in the sediments were affected, and their accumulation and chemical activity were relatively high. Gold mining is the main source of As, Sb, Zn and Cd accumulation in sediments (over 40.6%). Some influential factors cannot be ignored, i.e., water transport, local lithology, proportion of mild acido-soluble fraction (F1) and pH value. In addition, arsenic and most tested heavy metals have different pollution and ecological risks, especially As and Sb. Compared with the other gold mining areas, the arsenic and the heavy metal sediments in the area of this study have higher pollution and ecological risks. The results of this study show that the local government must monitor potential environmental hazards from As and Sb pollution to prevent their adverse effects on human beings. This study also provides suggestions on water protection in the same type of gold-mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuefang Zha
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Binghuang Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jingbin Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - En Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
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20
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Akoto O, Yakubu S, Ofori LA, Bortey-sam N, Boadi NO, Horgah J, Sackey LN. Multivariate studies and heavy metal pollution in soil from gold mining area. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12661. [PMID: 36685405 PMCID: PMC9851866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mining generates large volumes of waste, which if not regulated can release toxic metals, causing widespread environmental contamination. This study focused on heavy metal contamination in topsoil within a mining area at Nangodi in the Northern Region of Ghana. A total of 24 soil samples were collected from the study area and control samples were analyzed for Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Cr, and Fe using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results of Pollution Index estimations and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) classified the soil samples as moderately contaminated to heavily contaminated. Soil samples were severely enriched with As and moderately enriched with b, and Hg. Multivariate analyses such as factor analysis and cluster analysis were employed to examine the relationship between the metals and also differentiate the influence of the natural background content of metals from that due to human activities. Factor analysis identified three polluted soil factor associations. Cadmium, Fe, As, and Pb associated with factor 1, were due to anthropogenic activities. The high intercorrelation revealed by As and Pb shows similarity in their sources. Factor two dominated by Hg is considered an anthropogenic component. Factor 3 correlated with Cr and can be considered a natural component. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis supported each other. Results from the bi-plots showed that sites S1, S8, S11, and S18, have similar metal composition as the control site. Heavy metal contents in soils sampled from Zones A and B have been influenced by the mining activities as seen from the associations of these sites in the bi-plots. The results are useful for metal source identification, and can contribute to monitoring and regulatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osei Akoto
- Departmentof Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Salome Yakubu
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda A. Ofori
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nesta Bortey-sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita Ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nathaniel O. Boadi
- Departmentof Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Horgah
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lyndon N.A. Sackey
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,Corresponding author.
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21
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Yılmaz CH. Heavy metals and their sources, potential pollution situations and health risks for residents in Adıyaman province agricultural lands, Türkiye. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 45:3521-3539. [PMID: 36371766 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the contents of heavy metals (HMs) such as Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil samples collected from 403 sampling locations of the agricultural lands of Adıyaman Province (Türkiye) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma‒Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP‒OES). The mean concentrations of Al, Cd, Co Cr, Cu Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn HMs were detected 28,986, 3.60, 15, 127, 52.67, 45,830, 817, 62.40, 10.75 and 66.25 mg kg-1, respectively. These results showed that the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni exceeded the Upper continental crust average. To determine and to evaluate the contamination status and distribution of HMs in agricultural soils, metal pollution parameters such as enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index, potential ecological risk factor (Er), and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used. Factor analyses (FA) and principal component analyses (PCA) indicated that Cd, Cr and Ni levels were influenced by anthropogenic sources, Fe by both lithological and anthropogenic sources, and other HMs by lithogenic origins. For both children and adults, the hazard index (HI) and total hazard index (THI) values of HMs were < 1, suggesting that non-carcinogenic health risks to residents through ingestion, inhalation pathways, and dermal contact were currently absent. In addition, the cumulative carcinogenic risk (CCR) results were within the acceptable risk range (10-4 to 10-6). The results showed that children were more sensitive to the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cafer Hakan Yılmaz
- East Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research of Institute, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
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22
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Ghani J, Nawab J, Faiq ME, Ullah S, Alam A, Ahmad I, Ali SW, Khan S, Ahmad I, Muhammad A, Ur Rahman SA, Abbas M, Rashid A, Hasan SZ, Hamza A. Multi-geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and source apportionment of potentially toxic elements in urban children's park soils in Pakistan: A risk assessment study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119961. [PMID: 35977638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, contamination of urban children's parks (UCPs) with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has been attracting more and more interest; however, assessment of eco-environmental and child exposure risks particularly in developing countries remains limited. The current study investigated PTE (Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) concentrations, potential sources, and their health risk assessment in UCP soils of 12 major cities in Pakistan. The results showed that the mean concentration of Ni exceeded the SEPA-permissible limit in all UCP sites, while other PTEs were found to be within acceptable limits. The soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and soil particles size were determined in UCPs soils. The contamination factor and pollution load index results indicated low to moderate pollution levels (CF < 3) and (PLI<1) for all PTEs except Ni in some of the selected cities. Quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plotting determined the normal distribution line for all PTEs in the UCPs. Principal component analysis showed the mixed sources of contamination from industrial emissions, fossil fuel combustion, vehicular emissions, wastewater irrigation, as well as solid waste disposal and natural sources of soil parent materials in all park sites. ANOVA results showed that all the PTEs except Cd had moderate to higher contamination values than the reference site. The risk assessment study revealed that children had high exposure to the selected PTEs via all exposure pathways. The hazard index (HI) mean value (1.82E+00) of Ni for all exposure pathways was greater than 1, while total risk value of Cr (1.00E-03) had exceeded USEPA limit, indicating cancer risk. Consequently, the study of UCPs soils revealed PTEs contamination that could pose a potential health risk to the local population in the studied UCPs regions of Pakistan. Thus, the present study recommends that the influx of PTEs originating from natural and anthropogenic sources should be mitigated and government should implement strict enforcement of environmental regulations and proper management, as well as air quality monitoring guidelines for public health should be strictly adopted to reduce traffic- and industrial emission-related to PTEs in metropolitan areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Eshaq Faiq
- College of Marine and Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Sajid Ullah
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, 2600, Afghanistan
| | - Arshad Alam
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Weqas Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asim Muhammad
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aziz Ur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rashid
- School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shah Zaib Hasan
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amir Hamza
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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23
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Espinoza-Guillen JA, Alderete-Malpartida MB, Escobar-Mendoza JE, Navarro-Abarca UF, Silva-Castro KA, Martinez-Mercado PL. Identifying contamination of heavy metals in soils of Peruvian Amazon plain: use of multivariate statistical techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:817. [PMID: 36131105 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Peruvian Amazon plain has abundant natural resources and is home to great biodiversity, which makes it an area with high economic potential. However, the use of its resources through various activities has contributed to the release of heavy metals (HMs) into its soils, generating severe pollution problems which have mainly affected the health of local populations and their ecosystems. Currently, there are no comprehensive studies that have identified the specific sources of contamination by HMs in the soils of this part of the Peruvian territory. In this sense, this research aims to identify the possible sources of contamination by HMs in the soils of the Peruvian Amazon plain to focus efforts on the establishment of adequate measures for the protection of the health of people and the ecosystem. In the present study, samples of topsoils (0-20 cm depth) and subsoils (100-150 cm depth) were collected for the analysis of 11 HMs (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Be, and Hg) in 48 sites located in four regions of the Peruvian Amazon plain (Loreto, Amazonas, San Martín, and Ucayali), over the year 2019. The enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index were applied to assess contamination levels of HMs. The results indicated that topsoils and subsoils presented a greater enrichment by the elements Be and Pb, and were classified as moderately contaminated. Likewise, the integral analysis of these indexes together with principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, correlation analysis, and coefficient of variation allowed the identification of potential sources of contamination by HMs. As a result, Fe, Co, Zn, Ni, V, and Cr were associated with natural or lithogenic sources (parent material, crude oil deposits, and organic matter decomposition). Hg was attributed to anthropogenic sources (illegal gold mining, atmospheric deposition, and vehicle emissions). Be, Pb, Cu, and Mn originated from natural sources (parent material, crude oil deposits, decomposition of organic matter, and forest fires) and anthropogenic (areas degraded by solid waste, illegal gold mining, agriculture, and hydrocarbons). These findings provide essential information to establish regulations and prevent and control HM contamination in soils of the Peruvian Amazon plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Abel Espinoza-Guillen
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Perú.
| | | | - Jessica Emily Escobar-Mendoza
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Perú
| | - Ursula Fiorela Navarro-Abarca
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Perú
| | - Katya Angelot Silva-Castro
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Perú
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24
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Taşpinar K, Ateş Ö, Yalçin G, Kizilaslan F, Pinar MÖ. Soil contamination and healthy risk assessment of peach orchards soil of Bilecik Province Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1915-1924. [PMID: 34044701 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1926439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The soil is the part of the biosphere where heavy metal pollution is most common. Heavy metals pose a threat to animal and human health through plants. This study aimed to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in the soil of orchards of Bilecik Province and possible human health risks. In 2016, 42 soil samples were taken from peach orchards of Bilecik Province, and Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb analyzed. Pollution indices (Enrichment Factor, Geoaccumalation Index, Contamination Factor, Ecological Risk Factor) were used to determine heavy metal pollution, and the effects on human health were determined by the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The study area is moderate contaminated by Cd (3.64), Ni (2.38) and Cu (2.24) in terms of enrichment factor. Similarly, the study area soils were moderately contaminated by Cd (1.72), Ni (1.40) and Cu (1.38) in terms of the contamination factor. Besides, soils had moderate potential ecological risk by Cd (51.54). The principal component and correlation analysis showed Cd and Cu are anthropogenic and Ni is the lithogenic origin. Although soil pollution indexes show moderate pollution, there is no non-carcinogenic health risk for children (0.56) and adults (0.061).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Taşpinar
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Odunpazarı, Eskişehir, TURKEY
| | - Özgür Ateş
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Odunpazarı, Eskişehir, TURKEY
| | - Gülser Yalçin
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Odunpazarı, Eskişehir, TURKEY
| | - Fatih Kizilaslan
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Odunpazarı, Eskişehir, TURKEY
| | - Melis Özge Pinar
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Odunpazarı, Eskişehir, TURKEY
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25
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Khan K, Mohsin A, Sharif HMA, Maryam A, Ali J, Li X, Ibrahim SM, Ayaz M, Zhou Y, Younas M. Heavy metal pollution in the soil of a riverine basin: distribution, source, and potential hazards. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:618. [PMID: 35904598 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution with heavy metals (HMs) has become a world environmental problem. This study focuses on surface soil contamination with Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Al, their sources, and potential hazards along the basin of River Swat, Pakistan. The average concentrations (mg/kg) of HMs were the most abundant for Al (24,730.19) followed by Fe (22,419.41) > Mn (386.78) > Zn (57.75) > Cr (38.07) > Ni (32.46) > Cu (23.43) > Pb (19.59) > Co (10.77) > Cd (3.18) > Hg (0.12). The concentrations of Cr and Mn in 5.45% each, Co in 10.90%, Zn in 27.27%, Cu in 36.36%, Ni in 41.81%, and Hg in 92.72% of the total soil samples exceeded their respective background values. The geostatistical approaches determined the distribution patterns of HM pollution along the basin, whereas the statistics of principal component analysis exposed the likely sources of HM contamination in the area. Pollution indices evaluated the overall HM distribution and pollution status in the area. Contamination factor showed a high degree of HM contamination in 82% of the total sampling sites, while the geo-accumulation index designated low to moderate contamination with Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb, and moderate to extreme contamination with Cd, Fe, and Al. The trend of ecological toxicity showed potential ups and downs along with the sites from low to considerable hazard (< 95 < PEHI < 190), whereas the human carcinogenic hazard was within the USEPA acceptable limits (1 × 10-7-1 × 10-4), but the non-carcinogenic hazard was higher than the threshold (HI > 1) for children because they are more exposed than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayatullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Mohsin
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Adeel Sharif
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Afsheen Maryam
- Department of Environmental Science -ACES-B (Institutionen För Miljövetenskap), Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jafar Ali
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Sobhy Mostafa Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
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26
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Li L, Zhang B, Jiang B, Zhao Y, Qian G, Hu X. Potentially toxic elements in weathered waste-rocks of Fushun western opencast mine: distribution, source identification, and contamination assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1813-1826. [PMID: 34839392 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To understand the current status of the contamination of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) after closing the Fushun Western Opencast Mine, this study has focused on the concentration, contamination assessment, and source identification of eight PTEs in weathered waste-rocks in four distinct areas of the mine. The mean concentrations of Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, Cd, and As were 79.4, 86.3, 126, 64.8, 16.9, 1.04, 1.94, and 6.27 mg kg-1, respectively. The results demonstrated that Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, Cd, and As were contaminated to different extents in different weathered waste-rocks and waste-rocks, among which there was considerable Cd contamination. Coal gangue area (CGA) exhibited the most polluted weathered waste-rocks, which can be attributed to severe pollution and moderate ecological hazards. Self-combustion gangue (SCG) contamination of waste-rocks was considerably serious and caused severe pollution and considerable ecological harm. Health risk assessments demonstrated that Hg had the highest non-carcinogenic risk. Ingestion of PTEs was found to be a primary route of exposure, while dermal and inhalation exposure was negligible. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that there were roughly three sources of PTEs in the weathered waste-rocks of the mine, natural sources related to the weathering of parent rocks, and human sources, including industrial emissions, mining activities, and atmospheric dust deposition and resuspension. This study advances our knowledge of PTEs in mines and provides policymakers with a reference for designing strategies to protect mine-based ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangsheng Qian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
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27
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Taşpınar K, Ateş Ö, Özge Pınar M, Yalçın G, Kızılaslan F, Fidantemiz YF. Soil contamination assessment and potential sources of heavy metals of alpu plain Eskişehir Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1282-1290. [PMID: 33467902 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1876218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil is the basic component of the biosphere and is exposed to many contaminants, including heavy metals, which are mainly affected by natural and human activities. Heavy metals in the soil are included in the food chain and pose a risk to human health. Determination of concentration and potential sources of heavy metals and evaluation of environmental and ecological risks were aimed at this study. In this study, 79 soil samples were collected from Alpu plain, located in Middle Anatolian to determine concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn). As a result, Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumalation Index (Igeo), average values of Ni and Cd showed moderate enrichment and pollution. Similarly, Cd was found as the considerably potential ecological risk. Principal component and Pearson correlation analysis proved that while Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, and Mn are primarily from natural sources, Cd is mainly from anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Taşpınar
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Ateş
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Melis Özge Pınar
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gülser Yalçın
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kızılaslan
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Fatih Fidantemiz
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute, Ziraat Cad. Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Bărbulescu A, Barbeș L, Dumitriu CŞ. Impact of Soil Pollution on Melliferous Plants. TOXICS 2022; 10:239. [PMID: 35622652 PMCID: PMC9147493 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at providing bee products and derivatives of medicinal plant consumers with a multifaceted perspective on mineral elements occurring in the soils of two forest zones in the vicinity of North Dobrogea (Romania) by (1) analyzing the pollution levels of the soils at three sites (denoted by DS, PH, and ST) in the study region, using different indicators; (2) providing the results of the transfer of metals from the soil to Sambucus nigra L. (SnL), Hypericum perforatum (Hp), and Tilia tomentosa (Tt). The statistical analysis of the series collected at these locations shows no difference between the elements' concentrations (as a whole). Still, the values of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) classify the soils as being soils that are moderately to highly contaminated with Cd (and not contaminated with Cu, Mn, or Zn) with respect to the European background values. The cumulative indices-the degree of contamination (DC), the pollution load index (PLI), the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) indicated the highest contamination in DS (which is a tourist area). To assess the accumulation of different metals in plants, the enrichment factors (EF) were computed. In over 75% of cases, EF was above 1, indicating a high degree of enrichment with different metals. The highest values were those for Cu (41.10 in DS for SnL), and Cd (12.85 in DS for Tt). The results showed that there were different degrees of accumulation between microelements and trace elements in the plants. Tt acted as a bioaccumulator for almost all of the studied elements (K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Cd).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Bărbulescu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, 5 Turnului Str., 900152 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Lucica Barbeș
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanța, 124 Mamaia Bd., 900527 Constanta, Romania
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Mazinder Baruah P, Singh G. Assessment of potability of minewater pumped out from Jharia Coalfield, India: an integrated approach using integrated water quality index, heavy metal pollution index, and multivariate statistics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27366-27381. [PMID: 34978036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dense and industrialized populace in the mining areas of Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is plagued by a severe shortage of water supply. The unutilized pumped out coal minewater discharges may be utilized to cater to the increasing water demand of the region but it runs the risk of getting contaminated from domestic and industrial effluents. The current study aimed to assess the suitability of augmenting underground minewater for potable purposes. For this purpose, ninety underground minewater samples collected from 15 locations across JCF for the hydrological year 2019-2020 were analysed to gain an insight on the physicochemical characteristics of the minewater using an integrated approach of standard hydrochemical methods, integrated water quality index (IWQI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and multivariate statistical analysis. For the minewater quality to be deemed suitable for potable purposes, both IWQI (lower than 2) and HPI (lower than 30) values were considered. IWQI values of the minewater samples from the study area ranged from 1.97 to 5.08, while the HPI values ranged from 18.40 to 53.05. The pH of the samples were found to be mildly acidic to alkaline (6.5 to 8.3) with varying total hardness (149 to 719 mg L-1), total dissolved solids (341 to 953 mg L-1), and electrical conductivity (568 to 1389 µS cm-1), reflecting heterogeneity in underlying hydrosystems, variations in geological formations, and the influence of lithogenic and anthropogenic processes on the water chemistry of the region, which was corroborated by the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the minewater samples. Two major water types of the region were identified, viz., Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4. This multiparametric approach gives a holistically accurate assessment of the minewater quality, overcoming the limitations of traditional water quality indices and facilitating time-saving and effective water management practices, and sets the foundation for augmenting minewater for potable purposes to meet increasing demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mazinder Baruah
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India.
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Mor S, Vig N, Ravindra K. Distribution of heavy metals in surface soil near a coal power production unit: potential risk to ecology and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:263. [PMID: 35260925 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coal thermal power plants are the dominant factor in producing various hazardous elements in surrounding surface soil, resulting in a significant human health hazard. In the current study, the seasonal (pre- and post-monsoon) concentration of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface soil around coal power production unit was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The possible health risks throughout multiple exposure routes, i.e., ingestion, dermal, and inhalation were estimated for adult and children. Furthermore, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution factor (CF), ecological risk index, and pollution load index (PLI) were applied to interpret the environmental pollution in the study area. The geospatial distribution pattern was computed to understand the trace and hazardous element distribution in the surface soil. As a result, the concentration of Fe (mg/kg) in pre-monsoon (15,620) and post-monsoon (27,180), Ni (mg/kg) in pre-monsoon (19.8), and post-monsoon (81.7) was found above the standard limits of soil prescribed by the WHO and FAO. Enrichment factor was observed between 0.95-6948 (pre-monsoon) and 0.53-116.09 (post-monsoon). The ecological risk index was found moderate to considerable for As and Cd metals during both seasons. In addition, the average PLI value was observed high for both seasons indicating the contamination of the study area with heavy metals. Moreover, Igeo values for Fe, Mg, and As were found relatively high. Conversely, health risks to the human population were found within the USEPA acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mor
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nitasha Vig
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Sathish V, Chandrasekaran A, Manigandan S, Tamilarasi A, Thangam V. Assessment of natural radiation hazards and function of heat production rate in lake sediments of Puliyanthangal Lake surrounding the Ranipet industrial area, Tamil Nadu. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Apaydın A, Kabaoğlu H, Apaydın G, Şirin M, Cengiz E, Köksal OK, Baltaş H, Tıraşoğlu E. Evaluation of ecological risk, source, and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7053-7066. [PMID: 34462859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the concentration levels of heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Pb in sediment samples collected from 16 sampling locations in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions, Turkey, were measured using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF). Various pollution parameters and methods, such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (RI), and geo-spatial distribution patterns, were used to assess the pollution status, ecological risks, and sources of metals in sediment in detail. The mean concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Pb were found to be 565.38, 46,000, 34.38, 104.06, 109.88, 87.31, and 32.31 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb exceeded the crustal shale value, with the exception of Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cr. According to the calculated pollution parameters, although minimal or moderate pollution was detected in the area investigated, it was determined that there was a very low ecological risk. Multivariate statistical analysis results showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb levels in the investigated region were slightly influenced by anthropogenic inputs such as mining and agricultural practices. In addition, the geo-spatial distributions of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Pb were found to be higher in this region due to the mining activities carried out in the Eastern Black Sea region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatice Kabaoğlu
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Gazi Universit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Apaydın
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Murat Şirin
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Erhan Cengiz
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Fundamental Science, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Kağan Köksal
- Gölbaşı Vocational School, Department of Electricity and Energy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Hasan Baltaş
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Engin Tıraşoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Caridi F, Paladini G, Venuti V, Crupi V, Procopio S, Belvedere A, D’Agostino M, Faggio G, Grillo R, Marguccio S, Messina G, Majolino D. Radioactivity, Metals Pollution and Mineralogy Assessment of a Beach Stretch from the Ionian Coast of Calabria (Southern Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212147. [PMID: 34831901 PMCID: PMC8622863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present article, a case study is reported regarding an investigation carried out in order to assess radioactivity concentration, heavy metals pollution and mineralogy of a beach stretch extending from Soverato to Squillace municipalities of the Ionian coast of Calabria, South of Italy, a popular tourist destination, especially in summer. The analysis of radionuclides contents was performed by using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector, in order to quantify the average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K natural radionuclides and 137Cs anthropogenic radioisotope. The absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose equivalent radiological hazard indices were also estimated. Furthermore, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry measurements were carried out for the quantitative elemental analysis of the sand, in order to investigate any possible chemical pollution by heavy metals. For this aim, different indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were applied to estimate the level of toxicity imposed on the ecosystem by the detected heavy metals. Finally, in order to identify the crystalline mineral components of the investigated sand samples, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Micro-Raman Scattering (MRS) measurements were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caridi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Paladini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentina Venuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Vincenza Crupi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Procopio
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Calabria (ARPACal), Dipartimento di Catanzaro, Via Lungomare (loc. Giovino), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alberto Belvedere
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Calabria (ARPACal), Dipartimento di Reggio Calabria, Via Troncovito SNC, 89135 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (A.B.); (M.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Maurizio D’Agostino
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Calabria (ARPACal), Dipartimento di Reggio Calabria, Via Troncovito SNC, 89135 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (A.B.); (M.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Giuliana Faggio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, delle Infrastrutture e dell’Energia Sostenibile (DIIES), Università Mediterranea, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (G.F.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Rossella Grillo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, delle Infrastrutture e dell’Energia Sostenibile (DIIES), Università Mediterranea, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (G.F.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Santina Marguccio
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Calabria (ARPACal), Dipartimento di Reggio Calabria, Via Troncovito SNC, 89135 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (A.B.); (M.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Giacomo Messina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, delle Infrastrutture e dell’Energia Sostenibile (DIIES), Università Mediterranea, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (G.F.); (R.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Domenico Majolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (D.M.)
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Heidari A, Kumar V, Keshavarzi A. Appraisal of metallic pollution and ecological risks in agricultural soils of Alborz province, Iran, employing contamination indices and multivariate statistical analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:607-625. [PMID: 31612727 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1677864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study was done to evaluate the pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, sand, silt, clay, available K and P, organic carbon, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in agricultural soils of Alborz province, Iran. A total of 46 samples were collected as composite samples from 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths. The average values of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn were found lower than the European limits, Indian limits, and Earth's crust. Pearson's correlation analysis found that pH effects Zn retention and, Cu and Mn retention in soil samples. Cluster analysis and Principal component analysis established that HMs are originated from different sources. Contamination factor (CF) and ecological risk index (RI) results showed less contamination and ecological risk in soil samples. Enrichment factor (EF) and modified ecological risk index (MRI) results indicated high enrichment and ecological risk of Cu, Mn, and Zn in surface and sub-surface soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Heidari
- Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ali Keshavarzi
- Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Kumar V, Bhatti SS, Nagpal AK. Assessment of Metal(loid) Contamination and Genotoxic Potential of Agricultural Soils. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:272-284. [PMID: 34272567 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil, a connecting link between biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystem, receives different kinds of pollutants through various point and nonpoint sources. Among different sources of soil pollution, contaminated irrigation water is one of the most prominent sources affecting soils throughout the globe. The irrigation water (both surface and groundwater) is increasingly getting polluted with contaminants such as metal(loid)s due to various anthropogenic activities. The present study was conducted to analyze metal(loid) contents in agricultural soil samples (N = 24) collected from fields along the banks of rivers Beas and Sutlej flowing through Punjab state of India, using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectroscopy. The soil samples were also analyzed for their genotoxic potential using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. The rivers Beas and Sutlej are contaminated with municipal and industrial effluents in different parts of Punjab. The soil samples analyzed were found to have higher contents of arsenic, cobalt and chromium in comparison with the reference values given by various international agencies. Pollution assessment using different indices like index of geo-accumulation, enrichment factor and contamination factor revealed that the soil samples were highly polluted with cobalt and arsenic. The Allium cepa assay revealed that maximum genotoxicity was found in soil samples having higher contents of As and Co. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlation between the different metal(loid)s which indicated common sources of these metal(loid)s. Therefore, efforts must be taken to reduce the levels of these metal(loid)s in these agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneet Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
- Department of Botany, S.L. Bawa DAV College, Batala, 143505, India.
| | - Sandip Singh Bhatti
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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The Monitoring of Selected Heavy Metals Content and Bioavailability in the Soil-Plant System and Its Impact on Sustainability in Agribusiness Food Chains. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study assisted in identifying and preventing the increase in heavy metals in soil and winter wheat. Its accumulation can affect cultivated crops, quality and crop yields, and consumers’ health. Selected heavy metals were analyzed using the GTAAS method. They were undertaken on selected heavy metals content (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in arable soils at three sites in Slovakia and their accumulation in parts of cultivated winter wheat. Our study showed that the limit value of Cd in soil samples was exceeded in the monitored arable soils from 2017–2019. The average content values of Cu and Zn did not exceed the limit values, even in Pb values (except for the spring period). The analyses also showed that the heavy metals content for plants bioavailable in soil did not exceed the statutory critical values for Cd, Cu, and Zn’s average content values. However, Pb content exceeded permitted critical values. Heavy metals bioaccumulation (Zn, Cu) was within the limit values in wheat. Analyzed Cd content in wheat roots and Pb content were determined in all parts of wheat except grain. The study showed that grain from cultivated winter wheat in monitored arable soils is not a risk for consumers.
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Dhaliwal SS, Setia RK, Bhatti SS, Singh J. Potential Ecological Impacts of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Industrially Contaminated Perennial Drain of India. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:949-958. [PMID: 33988727 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, heavy metal contamination of natural waterways and surrounding environments due to anthropogenic activities has become a grave cause of concern. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the ecological risk posed by heavy metals in sediment samples (N = 24) collected from different depths of Budha Nalah drain located in Ludhiana (Punjab, India). The concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were found to be above the maximum permissible limits for metals in soils and sediments, which was attributed to anthropogenic activities (industrialization, urbanization and agriculture). The values observed for Contamination Factor, Enrichment Factor and Pollution Load Index revealed that sediment samples were highly contaminated by As, Cd, Cr and Pb. The ecological Risk Index (range: 212-1566) and Modified Risk Index (range: 2793-12,182) values indicated that high concentrations of metals (especially As, Cd, Cr and Pb) posed severe ecological risks in the areas around the drain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj K Setia
- Punjab Remote Sensing Center, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandip Singh Bhatti
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Said I, Hursthouse A, Salman SAER. Identification of pollution sources in roadside soils of Cairo-Alexandria Highway, Egypt. ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2021; 14:981. [DOI: 10.1007/s12517-021-07360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Heavy metal pollution: Insights into chromium eco-toxicity and recent advancement in its remediation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Keshavarzi A, Kumar V, Ertunç G, Brevik EC. Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals contamination: an appraisal based on the Tellus soil survey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2121-2142. [PMID: 33392900 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to comprehend the level and spatial distribution of soil pollution with heavy metals to find sustainable management approaches for affected soils. Selected heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Co, and Cd) and physiochemical parameters were appraised for 620 samples from industrial, agricultural and urban sites in Northern Ireland using the Tellus database. The findings of this study showed that among the analyzed heavy metals, Mn content was the highest and Cd content the lowest. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that heavy metals were highly correlated with each other, signifying similar sources for the heavy metals. Mixed factors (anthropogenic and lithogenic) were responsible for the contribution of heavy metals as revealed by multivariate statistical analysis. The results of contamination factor and enrichment factor analyses suggest that As, Cd, and Pb showed very high risk for pollution in the study area. The geoaccumulation index revealed that with the exception of Cd, all analyzed heavy metals showed severe accumulation in the soils. The potential and modified ecological risk indices inferred that Cd, As, and Pb represented ecological threats in the soils of Northern Ireland. The findings of this study will aid in forming approaches to decrease the risks associated with heavy metals in industrial, urban and agricultural soils, and help create guidelines to protect the environment from long-term accumulation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarzi
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, P.O.Box: 4111, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Mining Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, Jammu, 182144, India
| | - Güneş Ertunç
- Department of Mining Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eric C Brevik
- Departments of Natural Sciences and Agriculture and Technical Studies, Dickinson State University, 291 Campus Drive, Dickinson, ND, 58061, USA.
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Vidal C, Larama G, Riveros A, Meneses C, Cornejo P. Main Molecular Pathways Associated with Copper Tolerance Response in Imperata cylindrica by de novo Transcriptome Assembly. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:357. [PMID: 33668499 PMCID: PMC7918359 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metallophyte Imperata cylindrica inhabits copper (Cu) polluted soils in large areas from Central Chile. Here, we subjected clonal vegetative plantlets to 300 mg Cu kg-1 of substrate for 21 days to identify the main molecular pathways involved in the response to Cu stress. Transcriptomic analyses were performed for shoots and roots, with and without Cu supply. RNA-Seq and de novo transcriptome assembly were performed to identify the gene response associated with molecular mechanisms of Cu tolerance in I. cylindrica. De novo transcriptome revealed a total of 200,521 transcripts (1777 bp) comprising ~91% complete ultra-conserved genes in the eukaryote and Plantae database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots were 7386, with 3558 of them being up-regulated and the other 3828 down-regulated. The transcriptome response in shoots was significantly less, showing only 13 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated genes. Interestingly, DEGs mainly related with actin and cytoskeleton formation, and to a minor degree, some DEGs associated with metal transporters and superoxide dismutase activity in root tissues were found. These transcriptomic results suggest that cytoskeleton could be acting as a mechanism of Cu-binding in the root, resulting in a high Cu tolerance response in this metallophyte, which deserve to be analyzed ultra-structurally. Our study contributes to reinforcing the potential of I. cylindrica as a candidate plant species to be used as a phytoremediation agent in Cu-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Vidal
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Avda. Francisco Salazar, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Avda. Francisco Salazar, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Centro de Modelación y Computación Científica, Universidad de La Frontera, Avda. Francisco Salazar, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Aníbal Riveros
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.R.); (C.M.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.R.); (C.M.)
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Avda. Francisco Salazar, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
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Rajeev M, Sushmitha TJ, Aravindraja C, Toleti SR, Pandian SK. Exploring the impacts of heavy metals on spatial variations of sediment-associated bacterial communities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111808. [PMID: 33360289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental objectives in modern ecology is to decipher how bacterial communities in natural environment respond to anthropogenic activities. In recent times consequences of marine pollution, especially with heavy metals (HMs) have received increasing attention. However, insights into the response of bacterial communities to HMs in coastal sediments of India remain scarce. Here, we analyzed HMs content in three areas, along the southern coastal region of India. Based on the calculated pollution indices viz., enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the studied areas were classified as uncontaminated, moderately contaminated and significantly contaminated. To explore the response of bacterial community to HMs, sediment-associated microbiota was investigated using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The obtained metataxonomic results revealed that bacterial diversity and community composition varied considerably in significantly contaminated area than moderately contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Proportion of bacterial classes was higher for Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, but lower for Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia in significantly contaminated area. Also, samples of significantly contaminated area were dominated by well-documented metal-resistant bacterial genera such as Ralstonia and Arthrobacter. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that spatial variability of bacterial community composition was strongly correlated with HMs content such as Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel. Further analysis using PICRUSt programme indicated that the predictive functional profile also varied considerably in significantly contaminated area. By linking HMs with bacterial compositional variations, the present study highlights the likely influence of HMs in shaping sedimentary microbiota of coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meora Rajeev
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T J Sushmitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Subba Rao Toleti
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kim BSM, Figueira RCL, Angeli JLF, Ferreira PAL, de Mahiques MM, Bícego MC. Insights into leaded gasoline registered in mud depocenters derived from multivariate statistical tool: southeastern Brazilian coast. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:47-63. [PMID: 32705388 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead has been widely used since antiquity, but its uses drastically increased during the Industrial Revolution. The global emission of Pb into the environment was mainly due to tetraethyl lead added to gasoline as an antiknock additive. Because of its toxicity and neurological effects, the compound was phased out in the 1980s. Isotopic signatures are widely applied to differentiate sources of Pb; however, this is an expensive and sophisticated analysis compared to elemental analysis. Thus, this study aims to gain insight into leaded gasoline registered in mud depocenters from the southeastern Brazilian coast using multivariate statistical tools on elemental analysis data of trace elements. Seven multiple cores were collected on board the Research Vessel Alpha Crucis. Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Sc, Sr, V and Zn were analyzed by acid digestion and quantified by ICP-OES. Levels and enrichment factors of Pb resulted in homogeneous columns, indicating that small variations in concentrations can be attributed to grain size differences, not presenting contaminated levels. From statistical results, the highest contribution on the first component was represented by a lithogenic source with the leaching of continental rocks. Lead content was notable in its high loadings in other components, which suggests atmospheric deposition. An increase in these components in subsurface samples from vertical profiles between 1935 and 1996 could represent a fingerprint of the consumption of leaded gasoline in Brazil between 1923 and 1989. Thus, statistical analysis of elemental data enabled to infer possible sources and pathways of Pb to the environment, without isotopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Sung Mi Kim
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508 120, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508 120, Brazil
| | - José Lourenço Friedmann Angeli
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508 120, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alves Lima Ferreira
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508 120, Brazil
| | - Michel Michaelovich de Mahiques
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508 120, Brazil
- Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Luciano Gualberto, 1289, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Marcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508 120, Brazil
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Xia P, Ma L, Sun R, Yang Y, Tang X, Yan D, Lin T, Zhang Y, Yi Y. Evaluation of potential ecological risk, possible sources and controlling factors of heavy metals in surface sediment of Caohai Wetland, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140231. [PMID: 32927581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Caohai, a plateau wetland in Southwest China, is a national nature reserve providing protection for a variety of threatened and endangered species of migrant birds (e.g., the black-necked crane Grus nigricollis). It has been experiencing the increasing environmental problems with heavy metals due to anthropogenic activities. However, the contamination of heavy metals in different habitats is unclear. Surface sediment samples from these habitats were thus collected to analyze the distribution characteristics, potential risk and possible sources for heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Be, and V). The results showed that all of Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni concentrations exceeded the background values, and these elements (except Cr and Ni) presented comparatively high levels in habitat adjacent to urban in comparison with the other habitats. Based on the regression analysis, we found that metals with higher EFs (Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were mainly controlled by anthropogenic loadings, while metals with lower EFs (Cr, Ni, Be, and V) were mainly associated with sediment properties (pH or NOM). In addition, the results from geo-accumulation index, Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment, and risk assessment code showed that Cd and Hg posed a medium to high environmental risk to the ecosystem, and the other heavy metals posed no or low risk. Therefore, to protect this wetland ecosystem and to supply a well habitat for migratory birds, greater efforts aimed at reducing anthropogenic discharges and remediating sediment contaminated with heavy metals should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinhua Xia
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Li Ma
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Rongguo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Material, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China.
| | - Yu Yang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Xiangchen Tang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Dingbo Yan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, PR China
| | - Yin Yi
- Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, PR China.
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Olatunde K, Sosanya P, Bada B, Ojekunle Z, Abdussalaam S. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils around a major cement factory, Ibese, Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zainab N, Amna, Din BU, Javed MT, Afridi MS, Mukhtar T, Kamran MA, Qurat Ul Ain, Khan AA, Ali J, Jatoi WN, Hussain Munis MF, Chaudhary HJ. Deciphering metal toxicity responses of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) with exopolysaccharide and ACC-deaminase producing bacteria in industrially contaminated soils. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:90-99. [PMID: 32408178 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization is the main reason of heavy metals contamination of soil colloids and water reservoirs. Heavy metals are persistent inorganic pollutants; deleterious to plants, animals and human beings because of accumulation in food chain. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the role of indole acetic acid (IAA), exopolysaccharide (EPS) and ACC-deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) i.e .B. gibsonii PM11 and B. xiamenensis PM14 in metal phytoremediation of metals, their survival and plant growth promotion potential in metal polluted environment as well as alterations in physio-biochemical responses of inoculated L. usitatissimum plants towards heavy metal toxicity. Two bacterial strains Bacillus gibsonii (PM11) and Bacillus xiamenensis (PM14), previously isolated from sugarcane's rhizosphere, were screened for metal tolerance (50 mg/l to 1000 mg/l) and plant growth promoting traits like IAA, ACC-deaminase, EPS production and nitrogen fixing ability under metal stress. The response of flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) was analyzed in a pot experiment containing both industrially contaminated and non-contaminated soils. Experiment was comprised of six different treatments, each with three replicates. At the end of the experiment, role of metal tolerant plant growth promoting bacterial inoculation was elucidated by analyzing the plant growth parameters, chlorophyll contents, antioxidative enzymes, and metal uptake both under standard and metal contaminated rhizospheres. Results revealed that root and shoot length, plant's fresh and dry weight, proline content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymatic activity was increased in plants inoculated with plant growth promoting bacteria as compared to non-inoculated ones both in non-contaminated and industrial contaminated soils. In current study, inoculation of IAA, EPS and ACC-deaminase producing bacteria enhances plant growth and nutrient availability by minimizing metal-induced stressed conditions. Moreover, elevated phytoextraction of multi-metals from industrial contaminated soils by PGPR inoculated L. usitatissimum plants reveal that these strains could be used as sweepers in heavy metals polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zainab
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amna
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ud Din
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), 37200-900, Larvas, MG, Brazil
| | - Tehmeena Mukhtar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Kamran
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amir Abdullah Khan
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim Jatoi
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
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Mitra S, Sudarshan M, Jonathan MP, Sarkar SK, Thakur S. Spatial and seasonal distribution of multi-elements in suspended particulate matter (SPM) in tidally dominated Hooghly river estuary and their ecotoxicological relevance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12658-12672. [PMID: 32006334 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work represented first study of the spatio-seasonal distribution of the multi-elements in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the tropical Hooghly river estuary (HRE), eastern part of India. The high load of SPM (20-3460 mg/l) might have induced negative impact on the phytoplankton density. The relative abundance of the studied elements exhibited the following decreasing trend (concentration in μg/g and %): Si(26.44 ± 3.75%) > Al(7.94 ± 1.52%) > Fe(6.17 ± 1.9%) > K(3.05 ± 1.5%) > Ca(1.97 ± 1.11%) > Mg(1.57 ± 1.71%) > Na(1.45 ± 8.40%) > Mn(1273 ± 2003) > Zn(178.43 ± 130.95) > V(151.54 ± 27.13) > Cr(147.08 ± 32.21) > Cu(62.06 ± 14.03) > Ni(49.64 ± 12.09) > Pb(21.5 ± 10.45). The accumulation of Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cu is mainly controlled by the formation of Fe hydroxides along with particulate organic carbon (POC) and salinity. The average geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) endorsed the substantial input of Cr (Igeo = 0.037; EF = 1.61) and Zn (Igeo = 0.123; EF = 2.07) from diffused pollution sources. From ecotoxicological point of view, the quality guidelines (QGs) suggested that Cr and Ni might possess frequent adverse biological effects. However, the mean probable effect level (PEL) quotient values revealed 49% probability of toxicity to the aquatic biota for five toxic elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb). The geochemical approaches, pollution indices, and statistical evaluation together revealed low to moderate contamination in the estuary. This baseline data would be beneficial in adopting proper management strategies for sustainable utilization and restoration of the water resources. The authors strongly recommend continuous systematic monitoring and installation of treatment plants for management of this stressed estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India
| | - Mathummal Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán C.P. 07340, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India.
| | - Sandeep Thakur
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India
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Aponte H, Herrera W, Cameron C, Black H, Meier S, Paolini J, Tapia Y, Cornejo P. Alteration of enzyme activities and functional diversity of a soil contaminated with copper and arsenic. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110264. [PMID: 32035397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) mining has to address a critical environmental issue related to the disposal of heavy metals and metalloids (HMs). Due to their deleterious effects on living organisms, Cu and arsenic (As) have gained global attention, and thus their monitoring in the environment is an important task. The aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate the alteration of soil enzyme activities (EAs) and soil microbial functional diversity with Cu/As contamination, and 2) to select the most reliable biochemical indicators of Cu/As contamination. A twelve-week soil experiment was performed with four increasing levels of Cu, As, and Cu/As from 150/15 to 1000/100 mg Cu/As kg-1. Soil enzyme activities and soil community-level physiological profile (CLPP) using MicroResp™ were measured during the experiment. Results showed reduced EAs over time with increasing Cu and Cu/As levels. The most Cu-sensitive EAs were dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase, while arginine ammonification might be related to the resilience of soil microbial communities due to its increased activity in the last experimental times. There was no consistent response to As contamination with reduced individual EAs at specific sampling times, being urease the only EA negatively affected by As. MicroResp™ showed reduced carbon (C) substrate utilization with increasing Cu levels indicating a community shift in C acquisition. These results support the use of specific EAs to assess the environmental impact of specific HMs, being also the first assessment of EAs and the use of CLPP (MicroResp™) to study the environmental impact in Cu/As contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Aponte
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Doctoral Program in Sciences of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Wence Herrera
- Doctoral Program in Sciences of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Clare Cameron
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Helaina Black
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro de Investigación Regional de Investigación Carillanca, P.O. Box 58-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Paolini
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Centro de Ecología, Altos de Pipe, Apdo. 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Yasna Tapia
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Suelos, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Ben Said A, Jelassi R, Ouni A, Habassi A, Nasri-Ammar K. Behavioral responses of two sympatric species Armadillo officinalis and Chaetophiloscia elongata (Crustacea, Oniscidae) towards zinc contaminated litter. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1746032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ben Said
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Jelassi
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Ouni
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amal Habassi
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Nasri-Ammar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biodiversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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50
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Mahdi O. Karkush, Shahad D. Ali. Remediation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Copper Sulfate Using Washing-Enhanced Electrokinetics Technique. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519130020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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