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Apostolova I, Apostolov A, Wesselinowa J. Magnetic, Optical and Phonon Properties of Ion-Doped MgO Nanoparticles. Application for Magnetic Hyperthermia. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2353. [PMID: 36984231 PMCID: PMC10051844 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The influence of size and doping effects on the magnetization M, phonon ω and band gap energy Eg of MgO nanoparticles is studied using a microscopic model. The room-temperature ferromagnetism is due to surface or/and doping effects in MgO nanoparticles (NPs). The influence of the spin-phonon interaction is discussed. M increases with decreasing NP size. M and Eg can increase or decrease by different ion doping (Co, Al, La, Fe) due to the different strain that appears. It changes the lattice parameters and the exchange interaction constants. We found that MgO NP with size of 20 nm and Fe- or Co-doping concentration x = 0.1 and x = 0.2, respectively, have a Curie temperature TC = 315 K, i.e., they are appropriate for application in magnetic hyperthermia, they satisfy the conditions for that. The energy of the phonon mode ω = 448 cm-1 increases with decreasing NP size. It increases with increasing Co and Fe, or decreases with Sr ion doping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel Apostolov
- University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Hristo Smirnenski Blvd. 1, 1046 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Julia Wesselinowa
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, J. Bouchier Blvd. 5, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Harini H, Nagaswarupa H, Tilahun Bekele E, Murthy HA, Ravikumar C. Novel synthesis of Cu2ZnAl2O4 nanostructures for photocatalytic and electrochemical sensor applications. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Dhananjaya N, Ambujakshi N, Ravikumar C, Naveen Kumar A. Comparative study on photocatalytic degradation and sensor properties of Chonemorpha fragrans leaf extract assisted MgxZn1−xO (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoparticles. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effects of Erbium Incorporation on Structural, Surface Morphology, and Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Optical, structural and photocatalytic properties of rare earth element Gd3+ doped MgO nanocrystals. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alaizeri ZM, Alhadlaq HA, Aldawood S, Akhtar MJ, Amer MS, Ahamed M. Facile Synthesis, Characterization, Photocatalytic Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Ag-Doped MgO Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2915. [PMID: 34835679 PMCID: PMC8618491 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to unique physicochemical properties, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have shown great potential for various applications, including biomedical and environmental remediation. Moreover, the physiochemical properties of MgO NPs can be tailored by metal ion doping that can be utilized in photocatalytic performance and in the biomedical field. There is limited study on the photocatalytic activity and biocompatibility of silver (Ag)-doped MgO NPs. This study was planned for facile synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of pure and silver (Ag)-doped MgO NPs. In addition, cytotoxicity of pure and Ag-doped MgO NPs was assessed in human normal umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Pure MgO NPs and Ag-doped (1, 2, 5, and 7.5 mol%) MgO NPs were prepared via a simple sol-gel procedure. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the prepared samples. XRD results showed the preparation of highly crystalline NPs with no impurity peaks. TEM and SEM studies indicate smooth surfaces with almost spherical morphology of MgO NPs, and Ag-doping did not change the morphology. Elemental composition study suggested that Ag is uniformly distributed in MgO particles. Intensity of the PL spectra of MgO NPs decreased with increasing the concentration of Ag dopants. In comparison to pure MgO NPs, Ag-MgO NPs showed higher degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation. The improved photocatalytic activity of Ag-MgO NPs was related to the effect of dopant concentration on reducing the recombination between electrons and holes. Cytotoxicity studies showed good biocompatibility of pure and Ag-doped MgO NPs with human normal umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results highlighted the potential of Ag-doped MgO NPs in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZabnAllah M. Alaizeri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Z.M.A.); (S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Hisham A. Alhadlaq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Z.M.A.); (S.A.); (M.A.)
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Aldawood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Z.M.A.); (S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohd Javed Akhtar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mabrook S. Amer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (Z.M.A.); (S.A.); (M.A.)
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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N BR, T PGN, S PO, K SS, B P, P NH, R AKM, S SB, R SST, C PS. Eco-friendly synthesis of CeO2 NPs using Aloe barbadensis Mill extract: Its biological and photocatalytic activities for industrial dye treatment applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Singh KR, Nayak V, Singh J, Singh AK, Singh RP. Potentialities of bioinspired metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in biomedical sciences. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24722-24746. [PMID: 35481029 PMCID: PMC9036962 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, various reports have shown that metallic gold bhasma at the nanoscale form was used as medicine as early as 2500 B.C. in India, China, and Egypt. Owing to their unique physicochemical, biological, and electronic properties, they have broad utilities in energy, environment, agriculture and more recently, the biomedical field. The biomedical domain has been used in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, therapeutics, and biosensing applications. In this review, we will discuss and highlight the increasing control over metal and metal oxide nanoparticle structures as smart nanomaterials utilized in the biomedical domain to advance the role of biosynthesized nanoparticles for improving human health through wide applications in the targeted drug delivery, controlled release drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue scaffolding, and medical implants. In addition, we have discussed concerns related to the role of these types of nanoparticles as an anti-viral agent by majorly highlighting the ways to combat the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, along with their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V.Y.T. PG Autonomous College Durg Chhattisgarh (491001) India
| | - Vanya Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University Amarkantak Madhya Pradesh (484886) India +91-91-0934-6565
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh (221005) India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V.Y.T. PG Autonomous College Durg Chhattisgarh (491001) India
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University Amarkantak Madhya Pradesh (484886) India +91-91-0934-6565
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Vasudha M, Gayathri D, Gurum SS, Kavya MR, Nagaswarupa HP, Surendra B, Shekhar TRS, Ravikumar CR, Basavaraju N, Prathapkumar C. Synthesis of BMA NPs using aloe vera gel for their electrochemical, biological and photocatalytic studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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10
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Kumar AN, Jnaneshwara D, Ravikumar C, Kumar MA, Murthy HA, Shekhar TS, Jahagirdar A. La10Si6O27:Tb 3+ nanomaterial; its photocatalytic and electrochemical sensor activities on Disperse Orange and Fast Blue dyes. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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11
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Yathisha R, Arthoba Nayaka Y, Purushothama H, Manjunatha P, Basavarajappa K, Vinay M. Investigation the influence of Zn2+ doping on the photovoltaic properties (DSSCs) of MgO nanoparticles. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Carlos E, Martins R, Fortunato E, Branquinho R. Solution Combustion Synthesis: Towards a Sustainable Approach for Metal Oxides. Chemistry 2020; 26:9099-9125. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Carlos
- Materials Science DepartmentCENIMAT/i3N, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL) and CEMOP/UNINOVA 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- Materials Science DepartmentCENIMAT/i3N, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL) and CEMOP/UNINOVA 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- Materials Science DepartmentCENIMAT/i3N, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL) and CEMOP/UNINOVA 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Rita Branquinho
- Materials Science DepartmentCENIMAT/i3N, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL) and CEMOP/UNINOVA 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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Amrutha V, Anantharaju K, Prasanna D, Rangappa D, Shetty K, Nagabhushana H, Ashwini K, Vidya Y, Darshan G. Enhanced Sunlight driven photocatalytic performance and visualization of latent fingerprint by green mediated ZnFe2O4–RGO nanocomposite. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ashwini S, Prashantha S, Naik R, Nagabhushana H. Enhancement of luminescence intensity and spectroscopic analysis of Eu3+ activated and Li+ charge-compensated Bi2O3 nanophosphors for solid-state lighting. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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The performance study on ultrasonic/Fe 3 O 4 /H 2 O 2 for degradation of azo dye and real textile wastewater treatment. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Arun Kumar N, Mahendra B, Sirajudeeen J, Anil Kumar M, Nagaswarupa H, Ravi Kumar C, Umesh B. Green Mediated Synthesis of MgO Nano-Flakes and Its Electro-Chemical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Ramakrishna G, Nagabhushana H, Basavaraj RB, Naik R, Sharma SC, Daruka Prasad B, Premkumar HB, Anantharaju KS, Prashantha SC. Calotropis gigantean-assisted YSO:Pr 3+ nanophosphors: Near-ultraviolet (NUV) photoluminescence and J-O analysis for solid-state lighting solutions. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2017.1284120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Ramakrishna
- Department of Physics, University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumkur, India
| | - H. Nagabhushana
- Prof. C.N.R. Rao Centre for Advanced Materials, Tumkur University, Tumkur, India
| | - R. B. Basavaraj
- Prof. C.N.R. Rao Centre for Advanced Materials, Tumkur University, Tumkur, India
| | - Ramachandra Naik
- Department of Physics, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. C. Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jain University, Jain Group of Institutions, Bengaluru, India
| | - B. Daruka Prasad
- Department of Physics, B.M.S. Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. B. Premkumar
- Department of Physics, Dayanand Sagar Academy of Technology and Management, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. S. Anantharaju
- Department of Chemistry, Dayanadasagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. C. Prashantha
- Research Center, Department of Science, East West Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
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da Silva WL, Lansarin MA, Dos Santos JHZ, Silveira F. Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B, paracetamol and diclofenac sodium by supported titania-based catalysts from petrochemical residue: effect of doping with magnesium. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2370-2383. [PMID: 27858793 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three different lots of a residual Ziegler-Natta catalyst slurry (bearing Ti and Mg) obtained from an industrial petrochemical plant were employed as sources for the photocatalyst supported on silica. The effect of additional magnesium (1.0-25.0 wt% Mg/SiO2) on the photocatalytic properties of the doped materials was investigated. Doping the titania-based photocatalyst with Mg results in a shift in the absorption threshold toward the visible spectrum. The optical band gap energy of the bare supported photocatalyst was in the range of 2.5 eV and shifted to 1.72 eV after 25 wt% Mg doping. The systems were evaluated for the photodegradation of one dye (rhodamine B (RhB)) and two drugs (paracetamol and diclofenac sodium) either under ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm - UVA) or visible radiation, separately. Among the evaluated systems, doping with 25 wt% Mg afforded the highest degradation values for the target molecules under UV and visible radiation (i.e. 87%, 60% and 55% of the RhB, paracetamol and diclofenac under UV, respectively, and 82%, 48.3% and 48% under visible irradiation, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- William Leonardo da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Eng. Luis Englert s/n, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marla Azário Lansarin
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Eng. Luis Englert s/n, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Z Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves no 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Braskem S.A., Centro de Inovação e Tecnologia - Plantas Piloto, PP1, III Pólo Petroquímico, Via Oeste, Lote 05, 95853-000 Triunfo, RS, Brazil
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Varma A, Mukasyan AS, Rogachev AS, Manukyan KV. Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14493-14586. [PMID: 27610827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solution combustion is an exciting phenomenon, which involves propagation of self-sustained exothermic reactions along an aqueous or sol-gel media. This process allows for the synthesis of a variety of nanoscale materials, including oxides, metals, alloys, and sulfides. This Review focuses on the analysis of new approaches and results in the field of solution combustion synthesis (SCS) obtained during recent years. Thermodynamics and kinetics of reactive solutions used in different chemical routes are considered, and the role of process parameters is discussed, emphasizing the chemical mechanisms that are responsible for rapid self-sustained combustion reactions. The basic principles for controlling the composition, structure, and nanostructure of SCS products, and routes to regulate the size and morphology of the nanoscale materials are also reviewed. Recently developed systems that lead to the formation of novel materials and unique structures (e.g., thin films and two-dimensional crystals) with unusual properties are outlined. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, several application categories of SCS produced materials, such as for energy conversion and storage, optical devices, catalysts, and various important nanoceramics (e.g., bio-, electro-, magnetic), are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Varma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Alexander S Rogachev
- Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science, RAS , Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology, MISiS , Moscow 119049, Russia
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Plant-based green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: scientific curiosity or a realistic alternative to chemical synthesis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s41204-016-0004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Jorfi S, Barzegar G, Ahmadi M, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Alah Jafarzadeh Haghighifard N, Takdastan A, Saeedi R, Abtahi M. Enhanced coagulation-photocatalytic treatment of Acid red 73 dye and real textile wastewater using UVA/synthesized MgO nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 177:111-8. [PMID: 27086271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing coagulation - photocatalytic degradation using UVA/MgO nanoparticles process was investigated for Acid red 73dye removal and then treatment of a real textile wastewater. Effective operational parameters including pH and coagulant and photocatalyst dosage were studied in synthetic wastewater and then the process was applied for real wastewater. Both coagulation and photocatalytic processes were pH dependent. At coagulant dosage of 200 mg/L and initial pH of 6, the dye concentration decreased from 200 to 31 mg/L. Complete removal of AR73 was observed with MgO nanoparticles of 0.8 g/L, initial pH of 5 and reaction time of 60 min. Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was well fitted with removal results (R(2): 0.939-0.988 for different initial dye concentration). In the case of real textile wastewater, the sequence coagulation-UVA/MgO nanoparticles photocatalytic degradation yielded considerable total COD and TOC removal 98.3% and 86.9%respectively, after 300 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Gelavizh Barzegar
- School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Ahmadi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | | | - Nemat Alah Jafarzadeh Haghighifard
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Afshin Takdastan
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrnoosh Abtahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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