1
|
Sushma, Sharma S, Ghosh KS. Applications of Functionalized Carbon-Based Quantum Dots in Fluorescence Sensing of Iron(III). J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03611-1. [PMID: 38411860 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Iron, an essential trace element exhibits detrimental effects on human health when present at higher or lower concentration than the required. Therefore, there is a pressing demand for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ in water, food etc. Unfortunately, in several instances, the traditional approaches suffer from a number of shortcomings like complicated procedures, limited sensitivity, poor selectivity and more expensive and time consuming. The scope of optical tuning and excellent photophysical properties of carbon- based nanomaterials like carbon dots (C-dots) and graphene dots (g-dots) have made them promising optical sensors of metal ions. Moreover, high surface area, superior stability of such materials contributes towards the fruitful development of sensors. The present review offered critical information on the fabrication and fluorimetric applications of these functional nanomaterials for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+. An in-depth discussion on fluorescent C-dots made from naturally occurring materials and chemical techniques were presented. Effect of doping in C-dots was also highlighted in terms of improved fluorescence response and selectivity. In a similar approach g-dots were also discussed. Many of these sensors exhibited great selectivity, superior sensitivity, high quantum yield, robust chemical and photochemical stability and real-time applicability. Further improvement in these factors can be targeted to develop new sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India
| | - Kalyan Sundar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, H.P. 177005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dubey P. An overview on animal/human biomass-derived carbon dots for optical sensing and bioimaging applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35088-35126. [PMID: 38046631 PMCID: PMC10690874 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as some of the extremely popular carbon nanostructures for diverse applications. The advantages of sustainable CDs, characterized by their exceptional photoluminescence (PL), high water solubility/dispersibility, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility, substantiate their potential for a wide range of applications in sensing and biology. Moreover, nature offers plant- and animal-derived precursors for the sustainable synthesis of CDs and their doped variants. These sources are not only readily accessible, inexpensive, and renewable but are also environmentally benign green biomass. This review article presents in detail the production of sustainable CDs from various animal and human biomass through bottom-up synthetic methods, including hydrothermal, microwave, microwave-hydrothermal, and pyrolysis methods. The resulting CDs exhibit a uniform size distribution, possibility of heteroatom doping, surface passivation, and remarkable excitation wavelength-dependent/independent emission and up-conversion PL characteristics. Consequently, these CDs have been successfully utilized in multiple applications, such as bioimaging and the detection of various analytes, including heavy metal ions. Finally, a comprehensive assessment is presented, highlighting the prospects and challenges associated with animal/human biomass-derived CDs for multifaceted applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Dubey
- Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies (IIDS), University of Allahabad Prayagraj-211002 Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Zou L, Li Q, Wu H, Sun Z, Xu X, Shi L, Sun Z, Ma G. Carbon Dots Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines with Bioactivities: A Rising Star in Clinical Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3984-4001. [PMID: 37707491 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In the field of carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have become a preferable choice in biomedical applications. Based on the concept of green chemistry, CDs derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have attracted extensive attention, including TCM charcoal drugs, TCM extracts, and TCM small molecules. The design and preparation of CDs from TCMs (TCMs-CDs) can improve the inherent characteristics of TCMs, such as solubility, particle size distribution, and so on. Compared with other precursor materials, TCMs-CDs have outstanding intrinsic bioactivities and potential pharmacological effects. However, the research of TCMs-CDs in biomedicine is not comprehensive, and their mechanisms have not been understood deeply either. In this review, we will provide concise insights into the recent development of TCMs-CDs, with a major focus on their preparation, formation, precursors, and bioactivities. Then we will discuss the perfect transformation from TCMs to TCMs-CDs. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for the application of TCMs-CDs in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linjun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhonghao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Leiling Shi
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Zhaocui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He H, Huang J, Wang Q, Si X, Yan X, Lei Y, Li H, Luo L. Colorimetric and visual sensing of ferrous ion by Fenton reaction-stimulated etching of triangular gold nanoplates. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122837. [PMID: 37209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a method for ultrasensitive sensing of Fe2+ based on Fenton reaction mediated etching of triangular gold nanoplates (Au NPLs) was developed. In this assay, the etching of Au NPLs by H2O2 was accelerated in the presence of Fe2+ due to the generation of superoxide free radical (O2·-) via Fenton reaction. With the concentration of Fe2+ increased, the shape of Au NPLs changed from triangular to sphere with the blue shifted localized surface plasmon resonance, accompanying a series of consecutive color changes from blue, bluish purple, purple, reddish purple and finally to pink. The rich color variations enable rapid visual quantitative determination of Fe2+ within 10 min. A good linear relationship between the peak shifts and the concentration of Fe2+ was obtained in the range of 0.035 to 1.5 μM (R2 = 0.996). Favorable sensitivity and selectivity in the presence of other tested metal ions were achieved in the proposed colorimetric assay. The detection limits (3ơ/k) for Fe2+ was 26 nM by UV-vis spectroscopy, and the clearly discernible concentration of Fe2+ was as low as 0.07 μM by naked eyes. The recoveries of fortified samples in pond water and serum samples ranged from 96% to 106% with interday relative standard deviations <3.6% in all cases, demonstrating the applicability of the assay for measuring Fe2+ in real samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Si
- Department of Food Science, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yunyi Lei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Hongbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yanchang Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siahcheshm P, Heiden P. High quantum yield carbon quantum dots as selective fluorescent turn-off probes for dual detection of Fe2+/Fe3+ ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Yang S, Li Y, Chen L, Wang H, Shang L, He P, Dong H, Wang G, Ding G. Fabrication of Carbon-Based Quantum Dots via a "Bottom-Up" Approach: Topology, Chirality, and Free Radical Processes in "Building Blocks". SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2205957. [PMID: 36610043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of carbon-based quantum dots (CQDs) has allowed opportunities for fluorescence bioimaging, tumor diagnosis and treatment, and photo-/electro-catalysis. Nevertheless, in the existing reviews related to the "bottom-up" approaches, attention is mainly paid to the applications of CQDs but not the formation mechanism of CQDs, which mainly derived from the high complexities during the synthesis of CQDs. Among the various synthetic methods, using small molecules as "building blocks", the development of a "bottom-up" approach has promoted the structural design, modulation of the photoluminescence properties, and control of the interfacial properties of CQDs. On the other hand, many works have demonstrated the "building blocks"-dependent properties of CQDs. In this review, from one of the most important variables, the relationships among intrinsic properties of "building blocks" and photoluminescence properties of CQDs are summarized. The topology, chirality, and free radical process are selected as descriptors for the intrinsic properties of "building blocks". This review focuses on the induction and summary of recent research results from the "bottom-up" process. Moreover, several empirical rules pertaining thereto are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Graphene Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Joint Laboratory of Graphene Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liangfeng Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Graphene Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hang Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Graphene Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liuyang Shang
- Joint Laboratory of Graphene Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- Joint Laboratory of Graphene Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Joint Laboratory of Graphene Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- Joint Laboratory of Graphene Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lemon juice-derived nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for highly sensitive and selective determination of ferrous ions and cell imaging. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Liu H, Mo T, Zhou Y, Gong H, Zhao D. Electron-rich silicon quantum dots-based charge transfer probe for highly selective chemiluminescence detection of Fe2+ in PM2.5. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
9
|
Song Y, Xia X, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Yan M, Li J, Li H, Liu X. Synthesis of N,S co-doped carbon dots for fluorescence turn-on detection of Fe2+ and Al3+ in a wide pH range. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Xiang Z, Jiang Y, Cui C, Luo Y, Peng Z. Sensitive, Selective and Reliable Detection of Fe 3+ in Lake Water via Carbon Dots-Based Fluorescence Assay. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196749. [PMID: 36235283 PMCID: PMC9573028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, C-dots were facilely synthesized via microwave irradiation using citric acid and ethylenediamine as carbon precursors. The fluorescence emissions of the C-dots could be selectively quenched by Fe3+, and the degree of quenching was linearly related to the concentrations of Fe3+ presented. This phenomenon was utilized to develop a sensitive fluorescence assay for Fe3+ detection with broad linear range (0–250, 250–1200 μmol/L) and low detection limit (1.68 μmol/L). Most importantly, the assay demonstrated high reliability towards samples in deionized water, tap water and lake water, which should find potential applications for Fe3+ monitoring in complicated environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chen Cui
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuanping Luo
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhili Peng
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65037399
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar Y, Kumar R, Raizada P, Parwaz Khan AA, Nguyen VH, Kim SY, Le QV, Selvasembian R, Singh A, Gautam S, Nguyen CC, Singh P. Recent progress on elemental sulfur based photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135477. [PMID: 35760133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing needs of the rising population and blatant misuse of resources have contributed enormously to environmental problems. Among the various methods, photocatalysis has emerged as one of the effective remediation methods. The continuous search for effective photocatalysts that can be made from abundant, cheap, non-toxic materials is going on. Although sulfur is a known insulator, recent sulfur use as a visible light photocatalyst has ushered a new era in this direction. Sulfur is a non-toxic, cheap, and abundant photocatalyst, exhibiting significant photocatalytic properties. But, hydrophobicity, poor light-harvesting and high recombination rate of charge carriers in elemental sulfur photocatalyst are some of the major drawbacks of the elemental sulfur photocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity of sulfur as a single element was low, but various methods such as nanoscaling, heterojunction formation, doping and surface modifications have been used to enhance it. The review highlights sulfur's crystal structure, electronic and optical properties, and morphological changes, making it an excellent visible light photocatalyst. The article points to the limitations of sulfur as a single photocatalyst and various strategies to improve the shortcomings. More recently, there has been an emphasis on the synthesis of metal-free photocatalysts. This review provides its readers with a comprehensive detail of sulfur being used as a dopant in improving the photocatalytic properties of metal-free photocatalysts and their environmental remediation use. Finally, the conclusion and future perspectives for sulfur-based nanostructures are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India; Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Solan, HP, 173212, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram district, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, India
| | - Sourav Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, H.P, 174103, India
| | - Chinh Chien Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Boëver R, Town JR, Li X, Claverie JP. Carbon Dots for Carbon Dummies: The Quantum and The Molecular Questions Among Some Others. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200748. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël de Boëver
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jason R. Town
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jerome P. Claverie
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Facile and Green Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Water Hyacinth for the Detection of Ferric Iron and Cellular Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091528. [PMID: 35564237 PMCID: PMC9100092 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural biomass is used for facile synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with high fluorescence, owing to its abundance, low cost, and eco-friendliness. In this study, a bottom-up hydrothermal method was used to prepare CQDs from water hyacinth (wh) at a constant temperature of 180 °C for 12 h. The synthesized wh-CQDs had uniform size, amorphous graphite structure, high water solubility (containing multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface), excitation light-dependent characteristics, and high photostability. The results showed that the aqueous solution of CQDs could detect Fe3+ rapidly, sensitively, and highly selectively with a detection limit of 0.084 μM in the linear range of 0–330 μM, which is much lower than the detection limit of 0.77 μM specified by the World Health Organization. More importantly, because the wh-CQDs were synthesized without any additives, they exhibited low toxicity to Klebsiella sp. cells even at high concentrations. Moreover, wh-CQDs emitted bright blue fluorescence in Klebsiella sp. cells, indicating its strong penetrating ability. Correspondingly, the fluorescent cell sorting results also revealed that the proportion of cell internalization reached 41.78%. In this study, wh-CQDs derived from natural biomass were used as high-performance fluorescent probes for Fe3+ detection and Klebsiella sp. imaging. This study is expected to have great significance for the application of biomass carbon spots in the field of cellular imaging and biology.
Collapse
|
14
|
Synthesis and Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Using Lactic Acid as Carbon Source. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020466. [PMID: 35057183 PMCID: PMC8778145 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were synthesized in a one-step hydrothermal technique utilizing L-lactic acid as that of the source of carbon and ethylenediamine as that of the source of nitrogen, and were characterized using dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ultraviolet-visible spectrum, Fourier-transformed infrared spectrum, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectrum. The generated N-CQDs have a spherical structure and overall diameters ranging from 1-4 nm, and their surface comprises specific functional groups such as amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl, resulting in greater water solubility and fluorescence. The quantum yield of N-CQDs (being 46%) is significantly higher than that of the CQDs synthesized from other biomass in literatures. Its fluorescence intensity is dependent on the excitation wavelength, and N-CQDs release blue light at 365 nm under ultraviolet light. The pH values may impact the protonation of N-CQDs surface functional groups and lead to significant fluorescence quenching of N-CQDs. Therefore, the fluorescence intensity of N-CQDs is the highest at pH 7.0, but it decreases with pH as pH values being either more than or less than pH 7.0. The N-CQDs exhibit high sensitivity to Fe3+ ions, for Fe3+ ions would decrease the fluorescence intensity of N-CQDs by 99.6%, and the influence of Fe3+ ions on N-CQDs fluorescence quenching is slightly affected by other metal ions. Moreover, the fluorescence quenching efficiency of Fe3+ ions displays an obvious linear relationship to Fe3+ concentrations in a wide range of concentrations (up to 200 µM) and with a detection limit of 1.89 µM. Therefore, the generated N-CQDs may be utilized as a robust fluorescence sensor for detecting pH and Fe3+ ions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Baildya N, Ghosh K. Dehydroabietylamine-decorated imino-phenols: supramolecular gelation and gel phase selective detection of Fe 3+, Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ ions under different experimental conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroabietylamine-linked Schiff bases 1–3 have been synthesized, characterized and employed in metal ion sensing in a sol–gel medium. The compounds have a propensity for gel formation from aqueous organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Nabajyoti Baildya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang C, Pan G, He Y. Conjugated microporous organic polymer as fluorescent chemosensor for detection of Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ ions with high selectivity and sensitivity. Talanta 2022; 236:122872. [PMID: 34635253 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A conjugated microporous organic polymer (TPA-Bp) comprised of triphenylamine (TPA) and 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diformaldehyde (Bp) was prepared via the Schiff-base reaction under ambient conditions. TPA-Bp is an amorphous and microporous spherical nanoparticle with very high stability. TPA-Bp suspension in DMF displayed strong fluorescence emission and selective fluorescence quenching response towards Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. The fluorescence intensity of TPA-Bp at 331 nm presents linear relationship with the concentrations of both Fe3+ and Fe2+ with low detection limits of 1.02 × 10-5 M for Fe3+ and 5.37 × 10-6 M for Fe2+. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm the selective coordination of N atoms of pyridine unit with Fe ions. The fluorescence quenching of TPA-Bp upon the addition of Fe3+/Fe2+ ions can be attributed to the absorption competition quenching (ACQ) mechanism and the energy transfer between TPA-Bp and Fe3+/Fe2+ ions. This work demonstrates that the conjugated microporous polymers are promising candidates as luminescent sensor for detection of the special analytes in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Guanjun Pan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yi He
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang SR, Cai SK, Wang GQ, Cui JZ, Gao CZ. One-step synthesis of N, P-doped carbon quantum dots for selective and sensitive detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and scale inhibition. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
18
|
Wang H, Zhou T, Li W, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang F, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhang Z. Homocytosine-templated gold nanoclusters as a label-free fluorescent probe: Ferrous ions and glucose detection based on Fenton and enzyme-Fenton reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Wan J, Zhang X, Fu K, Zhang X, Shang L, Su Z. Highly fluorescent carbon dots as novel theranostic agents for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17236-17253. [PMID: 34651156 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) exhibit many attractive physicochemical features, including excellent photoluminescence properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity and the ability to maintain the unique properties of the raw material. Therefore, CDs have been intensively pursued for a wide range of applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors and antibacterial agents. In this review, we systematically summarize the synthesis methods of these CDs, their photoluminescence mechanisms, and the approaches for enhancing their fluorescence properties. Particularly, we summarize the recent research on the synthesis of CDs from drug molecules as raw materials and introduce the representative application aspects of these fascinating CDs. Finally, we look into the future direction of CDs in the biomedical field and discuss the challenges encountered in the current development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Kun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carneiro S, Holanda M, Cunha H, Oliveira J, Pontes S, Cruz A, Fechine L, Moura T, Paschoal A, Zambelli R, Freire R, Fechine P. Highly sensitive sensing of food additives based on fluorescent carbon quantum dots. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
21
|
Discriminating detection of dissolved ferrous and ferric ions using copper nanocluster-based fluorescent probe. Anal Biochem 2021; 623:114171. [PMID: 33775668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination and detection of specific metal ions that belong to the same metallic element with different valence states in a complex matrix is challenging. In the present work, a fluorescence method using polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilized copper nanocluster (CuNCs@PVP) as a probe for discriminating detection of ferrous (Fe3+) and ferric (Fe2+) ions was developed. The CuNCs@PVP exhibited an excellent selective response to Fe3+ ions in contrast to Fe2+ ions and other metal ions when the pH value of solution was less than 4.0. Furthermore, the fluorescence of the CuNCs@PVP could be more sensitively quenched by Fe2+ ions by virtue of Fenton reaction. The different response of CuNCs@PVP towards Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions under different conditions offered the potential for the discriminating detection of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. Based on detailed optimization of detection conditions, an excellent linear relationship between the fluorescence quenching efficiency (F/F0) of the CuNCs@PVP and the concentration of Fe3+ ions over the range of 0.4-20.0 μM and of Fe2+ ions in the range of 0.01-0.4 μM were obtained, respectively. The detection limits for the Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions were 0.14 μM and 0.008 μM, respectively. The developed probe showed good selectivity and presented an alternative strategy for discriminating detection of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions in complex samples.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghosh S, Baildya N, Ghosh NN, Ghosh K. Naphthalimide-decorated imino-phenol: supramolecular gelation and selective sensing of Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ ions under different experimental conditions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 forms gels in DMF–H2O (1 : 1, v/v) and DMSO–H2O (1 : 1, v/v). While it was insensitive to any metal ion in DMF–H2O, the gel state was responsive to Fe3+ over the other metal ions studied. In CH3CN or aqueous CH3CN compound 1 senses Cu2+ ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| | | | | | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani-741235
- India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abd Rani U, Ng LY, Ng CY, Mahmoudi E, Hairom NHH. Photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye using sulphur-doped carbon quantum dots. MATERIALS TODAY: PROCEEDINGS 2021; 46:1934-1939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
24
|
Chen Z, Xu X, Meng D, Jiang H, Zhou Y, Feng S, Mu Z, Yang Y. Dual-Emitting N/S-Doped Carbon Dots-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent and Light Scattering Sensor for High Precision Detection of Fe(III) Ions. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1007-1013. [PMID: 32607734 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise and rapid sensing of Fe(III) under concerned facile conditions is important in environmental monitoring. Herein, a facile and label-free ratiometric sensor is constructed for selective determination of Fe(III) ions by coupling second-order scattering (SOS) and fluorescence. We were synthesized fluorescent N, S-doped carbon dots (N/S-CDs) via facile one-step hydrothermal treatment with an intensive fluorescence and a weak SOS signal and high quantum yield (32%). The fluorescence of N/S-CDs was quenched whereas the intensity of SOS was relatively increased by Fe(III) ions due to aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching or enhancement. Based on this effect, a novel fluorescent ratiometric probe with the combined fluorescence and SOS is proposed for the sensing of Fe(III) ions, and with the detection limit of 83 nM and linear range of 0.1-10 μM and 10-40 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Chen
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Dongling Meng
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shouai Feng
- Technology Centre of China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., LTD, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhao Mu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nan Z, Hao C, Zhang X, Liu H, Sun R. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified ZnO/CdS nanoparticles based fluorescence sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe(III). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117717. [PMID: 31753649 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast spectrofluorimetric method coupled with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified ZnO/CdS nanoparticles was developed for the detection of Ferric iron (Fe(III)). The fluorescence of CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs was effectively quenched by Fe(III) due to the strong interaction between the CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs and Fe(III). In addition, the detection limit of Fe(III) was about 1.72×10-7M. The effect of foreign ions on the fluorescence intensity of CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs showed that the interference response in detecting of Fe(III) ions was low. Moreover, the quenching of Fe(III) and CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs was discussed to be a static quenching procedure, which was proved by quenching constant KSV and fluorescence lifetime τ. The study of thermodynamics showed that the values of entropy change (ΔS) and enthalpy change (ΔH) were both positive, and the value of free energy (ΔG) was negative, which implied that the weak interaction of the molecular between CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs and Fe(III) was hydrophobic force, and the quenching process was endothermic and spontaneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhezhu Nan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Changchun Hao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Xianggang Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Runguang Sun
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mohammed LJ, Omer KM. Dual functional highly luminescence B, N Co-doped carbon nanodots as nanothermometer and Fe 3+/Fe 2+ sensor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3028. [PMID: 32080282 PMCID: PMC7033239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual functional fluorescence nanosensors have many potential applications in biology and medicine. Monitoring temperature with higher precision at localized small length scales or in a nanocavity is a necessity in various applications. As well as the detection of biologically interesting metal ions using low-cost and sensitive approach is of great importance in bioanalysis. In this paper, we describe the preparation of dual-function highly fluorescent B, N-co-doped carbon nanodots (CDs) that work as chemical and thermal sensors. The CDs emit blue fluorescence peaked at 450 nm and exhibit up to 70% photoluminescence quantum yield with showing excitation-independent fluorescence. We also show that water-soluble CDs display temperature-dependent fluorescence and can serve as highly sensitive and reliable nanothermometers with a thermo-sensitivity 1.8% °C-1, and wide range thermo-sensing between 0-90 °C with excellent recovery. Moreover, the fluorescence emission of CDs are selectively quenched after the addition of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions while show no quenching with adding other common metal cations and anions. The fluorescence emission shows a good linear correlation with concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ (R2 = 0.9908 for Fe2+ and R2 = 0.9892 for Fe3+) with a detection limit of of 80.0 ± 0.5 nM for Fe2+ and 110.0 ± 0.5 nM for Fe3+. Considering the high quantum yield and selectivity, CDs are exploited to design a nanoprobe towards iron detection in a biological sample. The fluorimetric assay is used to detect Fe2+ in iron capsules and total iron in serum samples successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lazo Jazaa Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan St, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Khalid M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qliasan St, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lai Z, Guo X, Cheng Z, Ruan G, Du F. Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Cherry Tomatoes for Highly Effective Detection of Trifluralin Herbicide in Soil Samples. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Xinyuan Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Zhenfang Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Guihua Ruan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Fuyou Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering Changsha University Changsha 410022 PR China
| |
Collapse
|