1
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An T, Fan Y, Tian X, Wang Q, Wang Z, Fan S, Huang W. Green analytical assay for the viability assessment of single maize seeds using double-threshold strategy for catalase activity and malondialdehyde content. Food Chem 2024; 455:139889. [PMID: 38833865 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of nondestructive technology for the detection of seed viability is challenging. In this study, to establish a green and effective method for the viability assessment of single maize seeds, a two-stage seed viability detection method was proposed. The catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were selected as the most key biochemical components affecting maize seed viability, and regression prediction models were developed based on their hyperspectral information and a data fusion strategy. Qualitative discrimination models for seed viability evaluation were constructed based on the predicted response values of the selected key biochemical components. The results showed that the double components thresholds strategy achieved the highest discrimination accuracy (92.9%), providing a crucial approach for the rapid and environmentally friendly detection of seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting An
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaoyao Fan
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zheli Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shuxiang Fan
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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2
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Hamad R, Chakraborty SK. A chemometric approach to assess the oil composition and content of microwave-treated mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds using Vis-NIR-SWIR hyperspectral imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15643. [PMID: 38977722 PMCID: PMC11231289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The wide gap between the demand and supply of edible mustard oil can be overcome to a certain extent by enhancing the oil-recovery during mechanical oil expression. It has been reported that microwave (MW) pre-treatment of mustard seeds can have a positive effect on the availability of mechanically expressible oil. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used to understand the change in spatial spread of oil in the microwave (MW) treated seeds with bed thickness and time of exposure as variables, using visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR, 400-1000 nm) and short-wave infrared (SWIR, 1000-1700 nm) systems. The spectral data was analysed using chemometric techniques such as partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and regression (PLSR) to develop prediction models. The PLS-DA model demonstrated a strong capability to classify the mustard seeds subjected to different MW pre-treatments from control samples with a high accuracy level of 96.6 and 99.5% for Vis-NIR and SWIR-HSI, respectively. PLSR model developed with SWIR-HSI spectral data predicted (R2 > 0.90) the oil content and fatty acid components such as oleic acid, erucic acid, saturated fatty acids, and PUFAs closest to the results obtained by analytical techniques. However, these predictions (R2 > 0.70) were less accurate while using the Vis-NIR spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Hamad
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Beraisa Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal, 462038, India
| | - Subir Kumar Chakraborty
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Beraisa Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal, 462038, India.
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3
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Zhang T, Lu L, Song Y, Yang M, Li J, Yuan J, Lin Y, Shi X, Li M, Yuan X, Zhang Z, Zeng R, Song Y, Gu L. Non-destructive identification of Pseudostellaria heterophylla from different geographical origins by Vis/NIR and SWIR hyperspectral imaging techniques. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1342970. [PMID: 38288409 PMCID: PMC10822997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1342970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The composition of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Tai-Zi-Shen, TZS) is greatly influenced by the growing area of the plants, making it significant to distinguish the origins of TZS. However, traditional methods for TZS origin identification are time-consuming, laborious, and destructive. To address this, two or three TZS accessions were selected from four different regions of China, with each of these resources including distinct quality grades of TZS samples. The visible near-infrared (Vis/NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral information from these samples were then collected. Fast and high-precision methods to identify the origins of TZS were developed by combining various preprocessing algorithms, feature band extraction algorithms (CARS and SPA), traditional two-stage machine learning classifiers (PLS-DA, SVM, and RF), and an end-to-end deep learning classifier (DCNN). Specifically, SWIR hyperspectral information outperformed Vis/NIR hyperspectral information in detecting geographic origins of TZS. The SPA algorithm proved particularly effective in extracting SWIR information that was highly correlated with the origins of TZS. The corresponding FD-SPA-SVM model reduced the number of bands by 77.2% and improved the model accuracy from 97.6% to 98.1% compared to the full-band FD-SVM model. Overall, two sets of fast and high-precision models, SWIR-FD-SPA-SVM and SWIR-FD-DCNN, were established, achieving accuracies of 98.1% and 98.7% respectively. This work provides a potentially efficient alternative for rapidly detecting the origins of TZS during actual production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yihu Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiduan Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Development Board of Zherong County, Ningde, China
| | - Yuquan Lin
- Huzhou Wuxing Jinnong Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Huzhou, China
| | - Xingren Shi
- Huzhou Wuxing Jinnong Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Huzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaotan Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Development Board of Zherong County, Ningde, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Pang T, Chen C, Fu R, Wang X, Yu H. An end-to-end seed vigor prediction model for imbalanced samples using hyperspectral image. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1322391. [PMID: 38192695 PMCID: PMC10773811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging is a key technology for non-destructive detection of seed vigor presently due to its capability to capture variations of optical properties in seeds. As the seed vigor data depends on the actual germination rate, it inevitably results in an imbalance between positive and negative samples. Additionally, hyperspectral image (HSI) suffers from feature redundancy and collinearity due to its inclusion of hundreds of wavelengths. It also creates a challenge to extract effective wavelength information in feature selection, however, which limits the ability of deep learning to extract features from HSI and accurately predict seed vigor. Accordingly, in this paper, we proposed a Focal-WAResNet network to predict seed vigor end-to-end, which improves the network performance and feature representation capability, and improves the accuracy of seed vigor prediction. Firstly, the focal loss function is utilized to adjust the loss weights of different sample categories to solve the problem of sample imbalance. Secondly, a WAResNet network is proposed to select characteristic wavelengths and predict seed vigor end-to-end, focusing on wavelengths with higher network weights, which enhance the ability of seed vigor prediction. To validate the effectiveness of this method, this study collected HSI of maize seeds for experimental verification, providing a reference for plant breeding. The experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in classification performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods, with an accuracy up to 98.48% and an F1 score of 95.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Pang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengcheng Chen
- School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ronghao Fu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianchang Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jlin University, Changchun, China
- Chengdu Kestrel Artificial Intelligence Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Helong Yu
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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5
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Fan Y, An T, Wang Q, Yang G, Huang W, Wang Z, Zhao C, Tian X. Non-destructive detection of single-seed viability in maize using hyperspectral imaging technology and multi-scale 3D convolutional neural network. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248598. [PMID: 37711294 PMCID: PMC10497746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The viability of Zea mays seed plays a critical role in determining the yield of corn. Therefore, developing a fast and non-destructive method is essential for rapid and large-scale seed viability detection and is of great significance for agriculture, breeding, and germplasm preservation. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was used to obtain images and spectral information of maize seeds with different aging stages. To reduce data input and improve model detection speed while obtaining more stable prediction results, successive projections algorithm (SPA) was used to extract key wavelengths that characterize seed viability, then key wavelength images of maize seed were divided into small blocks with 5 pixels ×5 pixels and fed into a multi-scale 3D convolutional neural network (3DCNN) for further optimizing the discrimination possibility of single-seed viability. The final discriminant result of single-seed viability was determined by comprehensively evaluating the result of all small blocks belonging to the same seed with the voting algorithm. The results showed that the multi-scale 3DCNN model achieved an accuracy of 90.67% for the discrimination of single-seed viability on the test set. Furthermore, an effort to reduce labor and avoid the misclassification caused by human subjective factors, a YOLOv7 model and a Mask R-CNN model were constructed respectively for germination judgment and bud length detection in this study, the result showed that mean average precision (mAP) of YOLOv7 model could reach 99.7%, and the determination coefficient of Mask R-CNN model was 0.98. Overall, this study provided a feasible solution for detecting maize seed viability using HSI technology and multi-scale 3DCNN, which was crucial for large-scale screening of viable seeds. This study provided theoretical support for improving planting quality and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Fan
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting An
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheli Wang
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Intelligent Equipment Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Wang W, Man Z, Li X, Chen R, You Z, Pan T, Dai X, Xiao H, Liu F. Response mechanism and rapid detection of phenotypic information in rice root under heavy metal stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131010. [PMID: 36801724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The root is an important organ affecting cadmium accumulation in grains, but there is no comprehensive research involving rice root phenotype under cadmium stress yet. To assess the effect of cadmium on root phenotypes, this paper investigated the response mechanism of phenotypic information including cadmium accumulation, adversity physiology, morphological parameters, and microstructure characteristics, and explored rapid detection methods of cadmium accumulation and adversity physiology. We found that cadmium had the effect of "low-promotion and high-inhibition" on root phenotypes. In addition, the rapid detection of cadmium (Cd), soluble protein (SP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were achieved based on spectroscopic technology and chemometrics, where the optimal prediction model was least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) based on the full spectrum (Rp=0.9958) for Cd, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-extreme learning machine (CARS-ELM) (Rp=0.9161) for SP and CARS-ELM (Rp=0.9021) for MDA, all with Rp higher than 0.9. Surprisingly, it took only about 3 min, which was more than 90% reduction in detection time compared with laboratory analysis, demonstrating the excellent ability of spectroscopy for root phenotype detection. These results reveal response mechanism to heavy metal and provide rapid detection method for phenotypic information, which can substantially contribute to crop heavy metal control and food safety supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Zun Man
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengkai You
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tiantian Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Dai
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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7
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Zou Z, Chen J, Wu W, Luo J, Long T, Wu Q, Wang Q, Zhen J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou M, Xu L. Detection of peanut seed vigor based on hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127108. [PMID: 36923124 PMCID: PMC10010490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid nondestructive testing of peanut seed vigor is of great significance in current research. Before seeds are sown, effective screening of high-quality seeds for planting is crucial to improve the quality of crop yield, and seed vitality is one of the important indicators to evaluate seed quality, which can represent the potential ability of seeds to germinate quickly and whole and grow into normal seedlings or plants. Meanwhile, the advantage of nondestructive testing technology is that the seeds themselves will not be damaged. In this study, hyperspectral technology and superoxide dismutase activity were used to detect peanut seed vigor. To investigate peanut seed vigor and predict superoxide dismutase activity, spectral characteristics of peanut seeds in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm were analyzed. The spectral data are processed by a variety of hot spot algorithms. Spectral data were preprocessed with Savitzky-Golay (SG), multivariate scatter correction (MSC), and median filtering (MF), which can effectively to reduce the effects of baseline drift and tilt. CatBoost and Gradient Boosted Decision Tree were used for feature band extraction, the top five weights of the characteristic bands of peanut seed vigor classification are 425.48nm, 930.8nm, 965.32nm, 984.0nm, and 994.7nm. XGBoost, LightGBM, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest were used for modeling of seed vitality classification. XGBoost and partial least squares regression were used to establish superoxide dismutase activity value regression model. The results indicated that MF-CatBoost-LightGBM was the best model for peanut seed vigor classification, and the accuracy result was 90.83%. MSC-CatBoost-PLSR was the optimal regression model of superoxide dismutase activity value. The results show that the R2 was 0.9787 and the RMSE value was 0.0566. The results suggested that hyperspectral technology could correlate the external manifestation of effective peanut seed vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zou
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Jinghao Luo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Tao Long
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Qingsong Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Qianlong Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Jiangbo Zhen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Yongpeng Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Food Academy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Lijia Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
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8
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Xu Y, Wu W, Chen Y, Zhang T, Tu K, Hao Y, Cao H, Dong X, Sun Q. Hyperspectral imaging with machine learning for non-destructive classification of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, Astragalus membranaceus, and similar seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1031849. [PMID: 36523615 PMCID: PMC9745075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AMM) and A. membranaceus (AM) are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Although AMM has higher yields and accounts for a larger market share, its cultivation is fraught with challenges, including mixed germplasm resources and widespread adulteration of commercial seeds. Current methods for distinguishing Astragalus seeds from similar (SM) seeds are time-consuming, laborious, and destructive. To establish a non-destructive method, AMM, AM, and SM seeds were collected from various production areas. Machine vision and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) were used to collect morphological data and spectral data of each seed batch, which was used to establish discriminant models through various algorithms. Several preprocessing methods based on hyperspectral data were compared, including multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variable (SNV), and first derivative (FD). Then selection methods for identifying informative features in the above data were compared, including successive projections algorithm (SPA), uninformative variable elimination (UVE), and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS). The results showed that support vector machine (SVM) modeling of machine vision data could distinguish Astragalus seeds from SM with >99% accuracy, but could not satisfactorily distinguish AMM seeds from AM. The FD-UVE-SVM model based on hyperspectral data reached 100.0% accuracy in the validation set. Another 90 seeds were tested, and the recognition accuracy was 100.0%, supporting the stability of the model. In summary, HSI data can be applied to discriminate among the seeds of AMM, AM, and SM non-destructively and with high accuracy, which can drive standardization in the Astragalus production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science/Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds whole-process Technology Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science/Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds whole-process Technology Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science/Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds whole-process Technology Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Keling Tu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science/Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds whole-process Technology Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Hao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science/Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds whole-process Technology Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Hailu Cao
- Hengde Materia Medica (Beijing) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Dong
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science/Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds whole-process Technology Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science/Chinese Medicinal Herbs Research Center, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds whole-process Technology Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
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9
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Noh K, Jeong BR. Silicon Supplementation Alleviates Adverse Effects of Ammonium on Ssamchoo Grown in Home Cultivation System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2882. [PMID: 36365334 PMCID: PMC9654249 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ssamchoo is recently attracting attention as a household hydroponic vegetable in Korea. It has a refreshing texture and a rich content of vitamins and fiber. Ssamchoo with a wide leaf area is suitable for traditional ssam or vegetable wraps, as well as a vegetable for salads; thus, it can be used in a variety of dishes. However, Ssamchoo plants responds sensitively to the nutrient solution, and it is often difficult to secure sufficient leaf area and robust growth using a commercial nutrient solution for leafy vegetables. This study consisted of three experiments conducted to develop the nutrient solution for Ssamchoo grown in a newly developed home hydroponic cultivation system using light-emitting diodes as the sole source of light. In the first experiment, growth and development of Ssamchoo in a representative commercial nutrient solution, Peters Professional (20-20-20, The Scotts Co., Marysville, OH, USA), was compared with laboratory-prepared nutrient solutions, GNU1 and GNU2. As a result, the Ssamchoo grown in Peters Professional had a high NH4+ content in the tissue, leaf yellowing, darkened root color, and suppressed root hair development. In addition, adverse effects of ammonium such as low fresh weight and shorter shoot length were observed. In the second experiment, Peters Professional was excluded, and the ratio of NO3- to NH4+ in the GNU1 and GNU2 nutrient solutions was set to four levels each (100:0, 83.3:16.7, 66.7:33.3, and 50:50). As a result, the fresh weights of 83.3:16.7 and 66.7:33.3 were the greatest, and the leaf color was a healthy green. However, at 100:0 and 50:50 NO3-/NH4+ ratios, the fresh weight was low, and leaf yellowing, tip burn, and leaf burn appeared. The nutrient solution with a 83.3:16.7 NO3-- to-NH4+ ratio, which gave the greatest fresh weight in the second experiment, was chosen as the control, while the solution with a 50:50 NO3-/NH4+ ratio with a lower nitrate content among the two unfavorable treatments was selected as a treatment group for the next experiment. In the third experiment, NH4+ was partially replaced with urea to make four different ratios of NO3- to NH4+ to urea (83:17:0, 50:50:0, 50:25:25, and 50:0:50) in combination with two levels of Si (0 and 10.7 mmol·L-1 Si). The greatest fresh weight was obtained in the treatment in which the NO3-/NH4+/urea ratio was 50:25:25. In particular, when Si was added to the solution, there was no decrease in the number of leaves, and plants with the greatest fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and leaf area were obtained. The number of leaves and leaf area are important indicators of high productivity since the Ssamchoo is used in ssam dishes. It can be concluded that a solution with a NO3-/NH4+/urea ratio of 50:25:25 and supplemented with 10.7 mmol·L-1 Si is the most suitable nutrient solution for growing Ssamchoo in the home hydroponic system developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungdeok Noh
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Tu K, Wen S, Cheng Y, Xu Y, Pan T, Hou H, Gu R, Wang J, Wang F, Sun Q. A model for genuineness detection in genetically and phenotypically similar maize variety seeds based on hyperspectral imaging and machine learning. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:81. [PMID: 35690826 PMCID: PMC9188178 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variety genuineness and purity are essential indices of maize seed quality that affect yield. However, detection methods for variety genuineness are time-consuming, expensive, require extensive training, or destroy the seeds in the process. Here, we present an accurate, high-throughput, cost-effective, and non-destructive method for screening variety genuineness that uses seed phenotype data with machine learning to distinguish between genetically and phenotypically similar seed varieties. Specifically, we obtained image data of seed morphology and hyperspectral reflectance for Jingke 968 and nine other closely-related varieties (non-Jingke 968). We then compared the robustness of three common machine learning algorithms in distinguishing these varieties based on the phenotypic imaging data. RESULTS Our results showed that hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) or support vector machine (SVM) model could distinguish Jingke 968 from varieties that differed by as few as two loci, with a 99% or higher accuracy, while machine vision imaging provided ~ 90% accuracy. Through model validation and updating with varieties not included in the training data, we developed a genuineness detection model for Jingke 968 that effectively discriminated between genetically similar and distant varieties. CONCLUSIONS This strategy has potential for wide adoption in large-scale variety genuineness detection operations for internal quality control or governmental regulatory agencies, or for accelerating the breeding of new varieties. Besides, it could easily be extended to other target varieties and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keling Tu
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds Whole-Process Technology Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhe Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds Whole-Process Technology Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds Whole-Process Technology Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Pan
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds Whole-Process Technology Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haonan Hou
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds Whole-Process Technology Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Riliang Gu
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds Whole-Process Technology Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds Whole-Process Technology Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengge Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qun Sun
- Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University/The Innovation Center (Beijing) of Crop Seeds Whole-Process Technology Research, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Metabolomics Mechanism and Lignin Response to Laxogenin C, a Natural Regulator of Plants Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062990. [PMID: 35328410 PMCID: PMC8951225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laxogenin C (LGC) is a natural spirostanol deriving from plant hormone which has shown growing regulation similar to those of brassinosteroids. In the present study, LGC showed a promoting effect on tomato seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner. We applied LC-MS/MS to investigate metabolome variations in the tomato treated with LGC, which revealed 10 differential metabolites (DMs) related to KEGG metabolites, associated with low and high doses of LGC. Enrichment and pathway mapping based on the KEGG database indicated that LGC regulated expressions of 2-hydroxycinnamic acid and l-phenylalanine to interfere with phenylalanine metabolism and phenylpropanoids biosynthesis. The two pathways are closely related to plant growth and lignin formation. In our further phenotypic verification, LGC was confirmed to affect seedling lignification and related phenylpropanoids, trans-ferulic acid and l-phenylalanine levels. These findings provided a metabolomic aspect on the plant hormone derivates and revealed the affected metabolites. Elucidating their regulation mechanisms can contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture. Further studies on agrichemical development would provide eco-friendly and efficient regulators for plant growth control and quality improvement.
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Xu L, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. The effects of different electrode materials on seed germination of Solanum nigrum L. and its Cd accumulation in soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:291-299. [PMID: 34963538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L. seed germination were determined. The result showed that germination percentage (GP) of seeds in treatment T2 (titanium electrode) was 26.6% higher than in control (CK, without electric field). High potassium and calcium concentrations were beneficial for seed enzymatic activity in treatment T2, which could partly explain the increase in GP. Cd accumulation (μg/pot) in S. nigrum treated with any electric field was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in CK without electric field. Specifically, Cd accumulation under the treatment T3 (stainless steel electrode) was the highest both in roots and shoots; this accumulation in shoots and roots were 74.7 % and 67.4 % higher for stainless steel than in CK. This increase must have been associated with a higher Cd concentration in plants and did not exert a significant effect on the biomass. In particular, Cd concentrations in roots and shoots under stainless steel treatment were both significantly higher than in CK (p<0.05), which had to be related to the higher available Cd concentration in the soil in the middle region. Furthermore, it could be attributed to altered soil pH and other soil properties. Moreover, none of the biomasses were significantly affected (p<0.05) by different electrode materials compared to CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huiping Dai
- College of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Lidia Skuza
- Institute of Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-415, Poland
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhang M, Shen M, Li H, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Quan P, Ren X, Xing L, Zhao J. Modification of the effect of maturity variation on nondestructive detection of apple quality based on the compensation model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120598. [PMID: 34802937 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of maturity variation on the prediction of the soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness of apples was determined using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. In 2018, 520 apples from six ripening stages were collected. The single maturity model and multi-maturity model of SSC and firmness were established using partial least-squares regression. Apples at the same and different maturity stages were used to verify the developed model. Whereas the single maturity model was affected by maturity variation, the multi-maturity model could accurately predict the SSC and firmness of apples at different maturity stages. The multi-maturity model developed based on six maturity calibration sets had the best predictive performance. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of SSC and firmness was 0.614-0.802 °Brix and 0.402-0.650 kg/cm2, respectively. The long-term performance of the optimal multi-maturity model was evaluated using validation sets. The predictive performance was decreased and the RMSEP increased when the model was used to predict the SSC and firmness of apples in different seasons. The predictive performance of the model was improved after slope/bias (S/B) correction, and the RMSEP of SSC and firmness decreased to 0.405-0.587°Brix and 0.518-0.628 kg/cm2 respectively. Overall, the multi-maturity model eliminated the effect of maturity variation, and the multi-maturity model coupled with S/B correction permitted the rapid and accurate detection of the SSC and firmness of apples at different maturity stages and in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsheng Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Maosheng Shen
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Li
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhongxiong Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pengkun Quan
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- Northwest A&F University, College of Horticulture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Libo Xing
- Northwest A&F University, College of Horticulture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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14
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ZOU Z, CHEN J, ZHOU M, ZHAO Y, LONG T, WU Q, XU L. Prediction of peanut seed vigor based on hyperspectral images. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie CHEN
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Man ZHOU
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | | | - Tao LONG
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | | | - Lijia XU
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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15
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Optimizing Temperature and Photoperiod in a Home Cultivation System to Program Normal, Delayed, and Hastened Growth and Development Modes for Leafy Oak-Leaf and Romaine Lettuces. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the risk of open-field cultivation increases with climate change, some analysts say that the day when ordinary vegetables will be produced at home is not far away. Moreover, due to the recent coronavirus outbreak, outdoor activities are becoming difficult, leisure activities that can be done at home have become more necessary, and the demand for home gardening has increased. This study was conducted to improve the technology for hydroponics at home. We experimented with whether the harvest time can be hastened or delayed by environmentally controlling the growing season, and what conditions are appropriate. Experiments were conducted with leafy vegetables (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Oak-leaf’ and Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia, or romaine) that can easily be grown in a closed plant cultivator in which the external air can circulate, and the temperature/photoperiod can be controlled. Two settings for the temperature (25/18 °C and 20/15 °C; day/night) and three settings for the photoperiod (10, 14, and 18 hours; day/night) were employed. It took a total of four weeks from sowing to harvest, and the appropriate harvest time was predicted from the yield. As a result, although there was a difference depending on the vegetable variety, a temperature setting of 25/18 °C and a photoperiod of 14 hours were the most suitable for hastened growth, and a 20/15 °C temperature and 18 hours of photoperiod were suitable for the delayed growth.
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16
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Pérez M, Arroyo-Lemus E, Ruvalcaba-Sil JL, Mitrani A, Maynez-Rojas MA, de Lucio OG. Technical non-invasive study of the novo-hispanic painting the Pentecost by Baltasar de Echave Orio by spectroscopic techniques and hyperspectral imaging: In quest for the painter's hand. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 250:119225. [PMID: 33281089 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a combination of noninvasive techniques for the study of superimposed painting stages in The Pentecost, a Mexican Colonial panel painting attributed to Baltasar de Echave Orio (1558 - 1619). The application of reflected hyperspectral imaging (HSI) analysis for mapping the distribution of the pigments in the paint surface and the use of ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence photography and X-ray radiography as complementary imaging techniques provide new insights into the making process of the artwork, its manufacturing and conservation state. For a better understanding of the in situ results gathered, we studied a series of paint mock-up samples created following recipes and studio practices from art treatises. The use of spot analytical methods such as fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) allowed for a robust identification of the artist's materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx 04510, México; Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias para la Investigación y la Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, CdMx 01000, México
| | - E Arroyo-Lemus
- Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - J L Ruvalcaba-Sil
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias para la Investigación y la Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, CdMx 01000, México
| | - A Mitrani
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias para la Investigación y la Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, CdMx 01000, México
| | - M A Maynez-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - O G de Lucio
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias para la Investigación y la Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, CdMx 01000, México.
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17
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Li L, Jin S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Shen S, Li M, Ma Z, Ning J, Zhang Z. Potential of smartphone-coupled micro NIR spectroscopy for quality control of green tea. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119096. [PMID: 33166782 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green tea adulterated with sugar and glutinous rice flour has an increased sensitivity to water, which affects the safety of the tea. A total of 475 samples of pure tea, sugar-adulterated tea, and glutinous-rice-flour-adulterated tea were prepared and scanned using micro near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The collected NIRS data were qualitatively and quantitatively detected by a multi-layer algorithm model. Principal component analysis indicated that the three sample groups had an obvious separation trend. The discriminate rate of the optimal qualitative model, namely support vector machine, was 97.47% for the prediction set. A total of three wavelength selection methods were used to improve the performances of partial least squares regression and support vector machine regression (SVR) models. The nonlinear SVR models based on characteristic wavelengths selected by iteratively retaining informative variables algorithm provided satisfactory results for the identification of sugar and glutinous rice flour adulteration. The correlation coefficients for prediction (Rp) were >0.94, and the residual prediction deviation were >3. The results indicated that smartphone-based micro NIRS can be effectively used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze adulterants in green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Menghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- School of Information & Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jingming Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhengzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Liu J, Jin S, Bao C, Sun Y, Li W. Rapid determination of lignocellulose in corn stover based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and chemometrics methods. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124449. [PMID: 33285506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid detection method based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy was proposed for measuring the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in corn stover. In the basis of strategies of variable selection, feature extraction and nonlinear modeling, BiPLS-PCA-SVM was constructed using backward interval partial least squares combined with principal component analysis and support vector machine, which was used to improve the performance of spectral regression calibration model. For BiPLS-PCA-SVM model, the determination coefficients, root mean squared error and residual predictive deviation for the validation set were 0.906, 0.900% and 3.213 for cellulose; 0.987, 0.797% and 9.071 for hemicellulose; and 0.936, 0.264% and 4.024 for lignin, correspondingly. The results indicate that near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy combined with BiPLS-PCA-SVM can provide a reliable alternative strategy to detect contents of lignocellulosic components for pretreated corn stover in the anaerobic digestion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Liu
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Shuo Jin
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Changhao Bao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yong Sun
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
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Zhao J, He Y, Huang S, Wang Z. Advances in the Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and Genes Involved in Seed Vigor in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659307. [PMID: 34335643 PMCID: PMC8316977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigor is a complex trait, including the seed germination, seedling emergence, and growth, as well as seed storability and stress tolerance, which is important for direct seeding in rice. Seed vigor is established during seed development, and its level is decreased during seed storage. Seed vigor is influenced by genetic and environmental factors during seed development, storage, and germination stages. A lot of factors, such as nutrient reserves, seed dying, seed dormancy, seed deterioration, stress conditions, and seed treatments, will influence seed vigor during seed development to germination stages. This review highlights the current advances on the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and regulatory genes involved in seed vigor at seed development, storage, and germination stages in rice. These identified QTLs and regulatory genes will contribute to the improvement of seed vigor by breeding, biotechnological, and treatment approaches.
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