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Liu C, Gao S, Han X, Tian Y, Ma J, Wang W, Chen XW, Chen ML, Zhang Y. A violet light-emitting diode-based gas-phase molecular absorption device for measurement of nitrate and nitrite in environmental water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124423. [PMID: 38759395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive device for the detection of nitrite and nitrate in environmental waters was developed based on visible light gas-phase molecular absorption spectrometry. By integrating a detection cell (DC), semiconductor refrigeration temperature-controlling system (SRTCY), and nitrite reactor into a sequential injection analysis system, trace levels of nitrite and nitrate in complex matrices were successfully measured. A low energy-consuming light-emitting diode (violet, 400-405 nm) was coupled with a visible light-to-voltage converter (TSL257) to measure the gas-phase molecular absorption. To reduce the interference of water vapor, an SRTCY was used to condense the water vapor on-line before the gas-phase analyte entered the DC. The DC was radiatively heated by the SRTCY to avoid water vapor condensation in the light path. As a result, the obtained baseline noise reduced 3.75 times than that of without SRTCY. Under the optimized conditions, the device achieved limits of detection (3σ/k) of 0.055 and 0.36 mmol/L (0.77 and 5.04 mg N/L) for nitrite and nitrate, respectively, and the linear calibration ranges were 0.1-15 mmol/L (R2 = 0.9946) and 1-10 mmol/L (R2 = 0.9995), respectively. Precisions of 5.2 % and 9.0 % were achieved for ten successive determinations of 0.3 mmol/L nitrite and 1.0 mmol/L nitrate, and the analytical times for nitrite and nitrate determination were 5 and 13 min, respectively. This method was validated against standard methods and recovery tests, and it was applied to the measurement of nitrite and nitrate in environmental waters. Moreover, a device was designed to enable the field measurement of nitrite and nitrate in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Liu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Han
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong Tian
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xu-Wei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Intelligent Policing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Zeng L, Ke Y, Yang X, Lan M, Zhao S, Zhu B. Intramolecular cascade reaction sensing platform for rapid, specific and ultrasensitive detection of nitrite. Food Chem 2024; 438:138044. [PMID: 37995585 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a carcinogenic substance in food. Excessive consumption of nitrite severely endangers human health. However, rapid and accurate quantification of nitrite by a simple tool is still very challenging. In this work, we designed a practical sensing platform based on 8-(o-phenylenediamine)-boron dipyrromethene (BDP-OPD) to determine nitrite in food. BDP-OPD can take a specific diazotization-cyclization cascade reaction with nitrite to form boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), giving rise to a remarkable chromogenic reaction along with high contrast fluorescence turn-on response towards nitrite. BDP-OPD has high sensitivity, rapid response, and good selectivity. Furthermore, a portable smartphone-based fluorescence device integrated with a self-programmed Python program was fabricated, which has been successfully used to determine nitrite in food with the advantages of rapid response, low cost, ease of operation, portability, and satisfactory recoveries (92-112%). The good sensing performance rendered BDP-OPD a promising fluorescence platform for on-site visual detection of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Zeng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yingjun Ke
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xiaorui Yang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Shaojing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Beitong Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Lin K, Wang L, Zhang Y. Smartphone-based detection of nitrate in seawater samples with the resorcinol method: Comparison with the vanadium reduction method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123366. [PMID: 37696097 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nitrate (NO3-) in the aquatic environment has raised a major concern for scientists and environmental managers. In this study, a smartphone-based resorcinol method was developed for the determination of NO3- in seawater. Simple custom-made devices were used in the method, and the reaction temperature, reaction time, and smartphone camera settings were optimized. Salinity variation did not show any major impact on the determination of NO3- using the proposed method, and hence the incorporation of a correction factor was also not required. The detection limit for this method was observed to be 1.3 µM, and the working range was observed to be 5-60 µM, with a relative standard deviation of 0.7% (5 µM, n = 7), which was adequate for the determination of NO3- in most estuarine and coastal seawater samples. The proposed method was compared with the frequently used vanadium chloride (VCl3) reduction method under the same experimental conditions, and both methods were found to be beneficial. The proposed method procedure was simple and easy to use. It was successfully applied for the determination of NO3- in seawater samples, and the results showed that it was practical and can be used potentially for on-site analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunning Lin
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005 Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Lianghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005 Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 361005 Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Portable Colorimetric Hydrogel Test Kits and On-Mobile Digital Image Colorimetry for On-Site Determination of Nutrients in Water. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217287. [PMID: 36364112 PMCID: PMC9655143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Portable colorimetric hydrogel test kits are newly developed for the on-site detection of nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate in water. Griess-doped hydrogel was prepared at the bottom of a 1.5 mL plastic tube for nitrite detection, a nitrate reduction film based on zinc powder was placed on the inner lid of a second 1.5 mL plastic tube for use in conjunction with the Griess-doped hydrogel for nitrate detection, and a molybdenum blue-based reagent was entrapped within a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel matrix placed at the bottom of a third 1.5 mL plastic tube to detect phosphate. These test kits are usable with on-mobile digital image colorimetry (DIC) for the on-site determination of nutrients with good analytical performance. The detection limits were 0.02, 0.04, and 0.14 mg L−1 for nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, respectively, with good accuracy (<4.8% relative error) and precision (<1.85% relative standard deviation). These test kits and on-mobile DIC were used for the on-site determination of nutrients in the Pak Bang and Bang Yai canals, the main canals in Phuket, Thailand. The concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate were undetectable to 0.60 mg L−1, undetectable to 2.98 mg L−1, and undetectable to 0.52 mg L−1, respectively.
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Taweekarn T, Wongniramaikul W, Boonkanon C, Phatthanawiwat K, Pasitsuparoad P, Ritchie RJ, Choodum A. Griess-doped polyvinyl alcohol thin film for on-site simultaneous sample preparation and nitrite determination of processed meat products. Food Chem 2022; 389:133085. [PMID: 35489258 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate on-site nitrite determination for processed meat products, Griess-doped polyvinyl alcohol film was synthesized in the bottom of a plastic tube for in-tube determination. The tube's aperture was used to control the sample dimensions. Each sample, cut into eight sectors, was subjected to nitrite extraction by water. Use of tap water or commercial drinking water vs. ultrapure water was associated with < 2% differences in nitrite levels. The use of film and digital image colorimetry showed a low limit of detection (12.6 ± 0.5 µg L-1), good precision (1.0%RSD, n = 5 days), and good accuracy (93.2 ± 3.5 to 108.5 ± 1.8%recovery). Using these methods, sodium nitrite concentrations in 700 processed meat products for sale in Phuket, Thailand, were found to range from 6.8 ± 0.2 to 113.6 ± 1.3 mg kg-1. These results showed no significant differences with the HPLC standard method (p > 0.05, n = 45).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawee Taweekarn
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Worawit Wongniramaikul
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Chanita Boonkanon
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Kharittha Phatthanawiwat
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Pakorn Pasitsuparoad
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Raymond J Ritchie
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand
| | - Aree Choodum
- Integrated Science and Technology Research Center, Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Kathu, Phuket 83120 Thailand.
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Li H, Fang T, Tan QG, Ma J. Development of a versatile smartphone-based environmental analyzer (vSEA) and its application in on-site nutrient detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156197. [PMID: 35623512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The citizen-science-based environmental survey can benefit from the smartphone technology used in chemical and biological sensing of a wide range of analytes. Quantification by smartphone-based colorimetric assays is being increasingly reported, however, most of the quantification uses empirical formula or complex exhaustive methods. In this study, a versatile and robust algorithm is proposed to overcome these limitations. A model is established to simulate and analyze the conversion process from the camera's spectral information into RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color information. Moreover, the feasibility of the algorithm for the quantification of different analytes is also explored. Based on this algorithm, a versatile smartphone-based environmental analyzer (vSEA) is built and its reliability, versatility, and analytical performance are comprehensively optimized. The good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9954) and precision (relative standard deviations < 5.3%) indicates that the vSEA is accurate enough to quantify the nutrients in most natural waters. Furthermore, the vSEA is used for the field measurement of five important nutrients, and the results show no significant difference compared to conventional methods. The vSEA offers a simpler and easier method for the on-site measurement of nutrients in natural water bodies, which can aid in the emergency monitoring of aqueous ecosystems and the performance of citizen-science-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Guo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
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Smartphone-assisted Colorimetric Sensor based on Nanozyme for On-Site Glucose Monitoring. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Zheng S, Li H, Fang T, Bo G, Yuan D, Ma J. Towards citizen science. On-site detection of nitrite and ammonium using a smartphone and social media software. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152613. [PMID: 34998751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Citizen scientists-based water quality surveys are becoming popular because of their wide applications in environmental monitoring and public education. At present, many similar studies are reported on collecting samples for later laboratory analysis. For environmentally toxic analytes such as ammonium and nitrite, on-site detection is a promising choice. However, this approach is limited by the availability of suitable methods and instruments. Here, a simple on-site detection method for ammonium and nitrite is reported. The chemistry of this method is based on the classic Griess reaction and modified indophenol blue reaction. Digital image colorimetry is carried out using a smartphone with a custom-made WeChat mini-program or free built-in applications (APPs). Using a simple and low-cost analytical kit, the detection limit of 0.27 μmol/L and 0.84 μmol/L is achieved for nitrite and ammonium, respectively, which are comparable to those achieved with a benchtop spectrophotometer. Relative standard deviations (n = 7) for low and high concentrations of nitrite are 3.6% and 4.3% and for ammonium are 5.6% and 2.6%, respectively. Identical results with a relative error of less than 10% are obtained using different smartphones (n = 3), color extracting software (n = 6), and with multiple individual users (n = 5). These results show the robustness and applicability of the proposed method. The on-site application is carried out in an in-campus wastewater treatment plant and at a local river. A total of 40 samples are analyzed and the analytical results are compared with that obtained by a standard method and a spectrophotometer, followed by a paired t-test at a 95% confidence level. This proposed on-site analytical kit has the advantages of simplicity and portability and has the potential to be popular and useful for citizen science-based environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
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Firdaus ML, Saputra E, Ginting SM, Wyantuti S, Eddy DR, Rahmidar L, Yuliarto B. Smartphone-based digital image colorimetry for non-enzymatic detection of glucose using gold nanoparticles. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Fang T, Li H, Bo G, Lin K, Yuan D, Ma J. On-site detection of nitrate plus nitrite in natural water samples using smartphone-based detection. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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